1 Teaching Today: An Introduction to Education 8 th edition Part 2: Working with Students Chapter 5: How Has Diversity Impacted Teaching? Teaching Today,

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Teaching Today:An Introduction to Education

8th editionPart 2: Working with Students

Chapter 5: How Has Diversity Impacted Teaching?

Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage

Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved

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Diversity

One of the most dramatic changes in education has been an increased diversity of students.

Diversity includes– Ethnic diversity– Language diversity– Ability diversity



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Diversity (continued)

Ethnic and racial diversity has increased significantly in the past 30 years. The largest percentage of increase has been in the Hispanic enrollment as they represent 19% of the public school enrollment.



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Language diversity results from the more than 1 million immigrants that enter the US every year. It is projected that by 2020 the foreign born population of the US will be 1 in 7 people.



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Ability diversity has increased as a result of federal legislation directed at the teaching of special populations. As a result of No Child Left Behind legislation, students with special learning needs are placed in the “least restricted environment,” and that often means the regular classroom



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Focus Questions

What are the advantages and challenges of increased student diversity?

How do you prepare for the diversity you will encounter as a teacher?

Why did the social movement of desegregation impact education?



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Focus Questions

When do you alter instructional methods and materials to meet the need of diverse students?

Which activities help to develop cultural and ethnic pride and which are offensive?



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Multicultural Education

Multicultural Education is education that promotes educational equity for all learners– Culturally appropriate practices must be utilized– A culturally appropriate environment must be

established



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The Need for Accurate Information

Genetic-deficit ViewCertain groups are predisposed to fail

Cultural Deficit ViewLack of stimulation in the home causes one to fail

Communication-process PositionMinority-group language patterns cause poor academic performance



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The Influence of Desegregation

Brown v. Board of Education “de Facto segregation” Milliken v. Bradley (Busing) Magnet Schools Within-school Segregation



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Gender Issues

Inequities experienced by female students Inequities experienced by males Single gender schools



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Goals and Suggestions for Teachers

Believe that All Students Can Learn Modify Group Practices Accommodate Learning-Style Differences Learn More About Diversity Reflect on Your Own Perspective Rely Less on Standardized Tests Avoid Class Favorites



ESE

Move to ESE Slideshow

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Exceptional Learners

Exceptional Learners generally deviate markedly from the norm. This includes gifted and talented students, as well as those with learning disabilities, physical problems, and emotional or behavioral difficulties.

Exceptional Learners are protected by federal legislation.



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Federal Legislation

Federal Legislation requires schools to have – Zero rejects– Nondiscriminatory testing– Appropriate education– Individualized Education Plan– Least Restrictive Environment– Due Process– Parent/guardian participation– Mainstreaming



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Federal Legislation (continued)

Federal Legislation Requires a Variety of Educational Settings– Special classes– Separate public-school facilities– Separate private-school facilities– Publicly supported residential facilities– Private residential facilities– Home bound or hospital settings



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Federal Legislation (continued)

Federal Legislation Requires IEPs- Developed soon after the learner’s condition is verified

- Must include the learner’s regular teacher, one or both parent/guardians, and a non-teacher, usually a

counselor, and the child, when appropriate

- The team must meet at least annually to discuss progress



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Inclusion Issues

Arguments in Support of Inclusion Arguments Opposing Inclusion What Research Says Council for Exceptional Children



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Characteristics of Learners with Specific Disabilities

Speech Impairments Visual Impairments Hearing Impairments ADD / ADHD Orthopedic Impairments Emotional Disturbance Mental Retardation



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Assistive Technology

Assistive Technologies are individual pieces of equipment or complex system of equipment designed to maintain or improve the functional capabilities of learners with disabilities

Assistive Technologies help students organize their work, take notes, prepare written responses to assignments, access reference materials, and change information formats to meet their special learning needs.



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Overrepresentation of Minorities

African Americans account for 14.5% of the national school population

African Americans account for 20.3% of the learners characterized as having disabilities

In schools with high expectations for all students, there is no overrepresentation of African Americans



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Gifted Learners

Gifted Learners have outstanding intellectual ability or creative talent, the development of which requires special activities or services not ordinarily provided by local education agencies.



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Gifted Learners

The Selection Process Pressures Facing Gifted Learners Enrichment Programs Acceleration Programs Developing Learners’ Potential



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Reflections

Who influenced your views? How will they affect your treatment of future students?

How will you help students with varied cultural, ethnic, social, and economic backgrounds develop positive self-concepts while promoting a common commitment to democratic values?



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Reflections (continued)

How should school district leaders deal with pressures to fund certain categories of learners learn; are they also responsible for providing a high-quality education to all school learners?

How will you respond to critics who argue that gifted learners are already “advantaged” and do not need further support?



Documents

1 Teaching Today: An Introduction to Education 8 th edition Part 2: Working with Students Chapter 5: How Has Diversity Impacted Teaching? Teaching Today,