1 Tel: +90 (312) 215 50 21 Faks: +90 (312) 215 50 28 e-posta: [email protected] Dr. Rana Güven Dep. Dir. Gen. Working Conditions

1Tel: +90 (312) 215 50 21

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e-posta: [email protected]

http://isggm.calisma.gov.tr

Dr. Rana GüvenDep. Dir. Gen.

Working Conditions of Dust Containing Working Conditions of Dust Containing Workplaces, Workplaces,

Legal Basis for Prevention of Workers’ Health Legal Basis for Prevention of Workers’ Health

21 April 2006/Antalya21 April 2006/Antalya

Ministry of Labour and Social SecurityDirectorate General of Occupational Health and Safety

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Occupational HealthOccupational Health

IILO/WHOLO/WHO ((19501950))

> To improve the physical, mental and social well-being of all

employees to ultimate level and keep at the ultimate level,

> To prevent the health problems of employees associated with working conditions,

> To protect the employees from the agents at the workplace which damage their health,

> To provide working conditions, which are most suitable for their physical and psychological conditions.

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Occupational HealthOccupational Health

IILO/WHOLO/WHO ((19951995))

> To protect the health and working capacity of the employees,

> To improve the working environment and the work done,

> To develop work organization and working culture in order to improve health and safety at the workplace.

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Global Estimates

Global workforce 2.8 billion

Work related fatalities 2.2 million

Occupational accidents 270 million

Work-related diseases 160 million

Global GDP (income) 30 000 billion $

Lost GDP in accidents/diseases 4 %

Migrants 175 million

llliterate 1000 million

People in poverty 1000 million

Child workers 246 million (Takala, 2005)

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http://isggm.calisma.gov.tr Kaynak: Brigitte Froneberg, ILO 07/2005

Global estimated work-related Global estimated work-related MortalityMortality

1 %

0,4 %1 %

32 %

23 %

17 %8 %

18 %

Cancer Circulatory disease Accidents and violence Communicable diseases Respiratory diseases Mental disorders Digestive system Genitourinary system

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http://isggm.calisma.gov.tr Kaynak: Brigitte Froneberg, ILO 07/2005

Global estimated Global estimated CostCost by diseaseby disease

7%8%

3%3%

40%16%14%

9%

Musculosceletal diseases

Heart diseases

Accidents

Respiratory diseases

Central nervous system

Mental disorders

Tumors

Skin diseases

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Sickness absenceSickness absence by diagnosis and by diagnosis and effect on production and national economyeffect on production and national economy

Kaynak: Brigitte Froneberg, ILO 07/2005

0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

% lost working days

% production loss

% lost GDP of 69,53Mrd. EUR (= 3,30 %)total loss

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According to ILO Publications;According to ILO Publications;

> Silicosis affects 10 million employees worldwide.

> 37% of Latin American mining workers are affected by Silicosis. Prevalance of silicosis is nearly 50% among mining workers above 50 years of age.

> 50% of the workers and 36% of the workers working in rock processing in the pencil industry in India suffer from Silicosis.

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Reductıon In Prevalence Of Sılıcosıs;

USA - 1.7 million exposed; 10% are at rısk

GERMANY - 3,500 cases of sılıcosıs annually (1990s)

FRANCE - 300 cases of sılıcosıs are notıfıed yearly

JAPAN - 1,000 cases of sılıcosıs reported yearly

AUSTRALIA - 1,010 cases are predıcted

UK - 1162 new cases of pneumoconıoses (2002)

Global Situation – developed countries

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CHINA - 59,773 new cases (1991-95), Incidence 15- 40,000 Prevalence - 542,041 (1998), >1m in 2002 10 million exposed, DEATHS - 5,000 YEARLY

INDIA - 5 million exposed, prevalence up to 55%

BRAZIL - 6.6 million exposed to silica dusts

COLOMBIA - 1,8 million workers at risk

LATIN AMERICA - 37% prevalence in miners, 50%- 50 yrs old

SOUTH AFRICA - 30- 50% prevalence in some industries 600’000 former miners with silicosis

GENERAL – 30-50% workers may suffer from dust-related occupational diseases in high risk sectors

Global Situation – developing countries

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Global Situation – developing countries

Country Exposed Population Prevalence Rate%

Bolivia Tin Miners (silicosis) 7.6Brazil Phosphate rock workers 27.0Chile Coal miners (CWP) 14.1Colombia Coal miners (CWP) 15.0Egypt Coal miners (CWP) 9.1India Slate pencil workers 54.6

Stone cutters 35.2Agate workers 18.5

Korea Anthracite miners 9,3Thailand Stone mortar workers 21.0

Refractory brick workers 9.3Vietnam Mining, quarrying 18,0Zimbabwe Metal miners 20.0

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Some Statistical Data ofSome Statistical Data of WHO-Europa WHO-Europa

20052005

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EU Countries, before May 2004

TR

New cases of Occ. Diseases per 100.000

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12 European Union Member States (2001)

> 485 of 31.945 occupational diseases are silicosis.

> Wide spread use of crystalline silica in various sectors affect the risk of silicosis depending on the characteristics of the work and technological factors.

> For instance, the risk of silicosis has been found to be between 1.9 and 6.5% for rock processing workers, whereas it has been found as 30% in sand blasting opertions.

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Some Data of OHS in TURKEYSome Data of OHS in TURKEY

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753275723503 727409

777177

850928

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Number of WorkplacesNumber of Workplaces(2000-2004, SSK)(2000-2004, SSK)

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1027332

4226793

972744

3914137

1046732

4176551

1166739

4448499

1254166

4927085

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Women Men

Number of WorkersNumber of Workers (2000-2004, SSK) (2000-2004, SSK)

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2004 SSK Statistics2004 SSK Statistics

> 83.830 occupational accidents

> 384 occupational diseases

> 843 deaths

> 2.042.986 working days lost

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Number of Occupational DiseasesNumber of Occupational Diseases (2000-2004, SSK) (2000-2004, SSK)

803883

601

440 384

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

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1173

1008

878811

843

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Number of Fatalities Due to Occupational Number of Fatalities Due to Occupational Diseases and AccidentsDiseases and Accidents

(2000-2004, SSK)(2000-2004, SSK)

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Index of Occupational DiseasesIndex of Occupational Diseases (Regulation of Health Procedures,(Regulation of Health Procedures, 1972) 1972)

Group A: Diseases due to hazardous chemicals and their compounds.

Group B: Occupational skin diseases

Group C : Pneumoconiosis and other occupational respiratory diseases.

Group D : Occupational infectious diseases

Group E : Diseases due to physical agents

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Group C: Pneumoconiosis and other occupational respiratory diseases (2004, SSK)

Group C F M T

C-1 A 50 Silicosis and silicotuberculosis

1 130 131

C-1 B 51 Asbestosis

0 1 1

C-1 C 52 Silicatosis

0 0 0

C-1 D 53 Siderosis

0 1 1

C-2 54 Aliminium and its compounds0 0 0

C-3 55 Hard-metal dust0 0 0

C-4 56 Thomas slug0 0 0

C-5 57 Ocupational bronchial asthma1 3 4

C-6 58 Byssinosis0 0 0

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Number of Workers Exposed to Dust (2004, SSK)

> Coal Mining 38492> Mining except Coal Mining 8512> Stone, Clay, Sand Quarries 26163> Deduce of other Ores 10457> Stone, Soil, Clay, Sand etc. Prod. 138314

TOTAL 221938

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National and International National and International

Regulations Regulations

About DustsAbout Dusts

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ILO CONVENTIONS-RECOMMENDATIONS

Occupational Safety and Health> Convention of Occupational Safety and Health 1981

No.155> Recommendation for Occupational Safety and Health

1981 No.164

Occupational Safety Services

> Convention of Occupational Safety Services 1985 No.161

> Recommendation for Occupational Safety Services 1985 No.171

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ILO CONVENTIONS-RECOMMENDATIONS

> Asbestosis Convention. 1986 No.162.

> Asbestosis Recommendation. 1986 No.172

> Chemicals Convention. 1990 No.170

> Chemicals Recommendation. 1990 No.177

> Convention of Occupational Cancers. 1974 No.139

> Recommendation for Occupational Cancers. 1974 No.147

> Convention of Safety and Health in Mines, 1995 No:176

> Recommendation for Safety and Health in Mines, 1995 No:183

> Convention of Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise ve Vibration), 1977 No:148

> Recommendation for Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise ve Vibration), 1977 No:156

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ILO/WHO

Global Programme for the Elimination of Silicosis (GPES)

“National Action Plan for “National Action Plan for Silicosis”Silicosis”

(1995 and 2003) (1995 and 2003)

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The ILO/WHO Joint Committee on Occupational Health concluded that …

The immediate objective of this (Global) Programme(to Eliminate Silicosis) was to promote the development of national programmes to reduce significantly the incidence rate of silicosis by the year 2015, whereas the wider objective of the WHO/ILO Programme was to see global elimination of silicosis as an occupational health problem by 2030.

The Committee felt that the programme had so far been implemented effectively in some countries, capacity building had been improved – physicians had been trained – and appropriate mechanisms of and platforms were being used. It was suggested that the programme could take the form of a global campaign.

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The Committee recommended that special attention should be paid to the following global occupational safety and health issues in future ILO/WHO collaboration:

– the elimination of silicosis and asbestos-related diseases;

_ ….

Geneva, 12 December 2003.

(Signed) Dr. Magdalene Chan, Chairperson.

(Signed) Dr. Constantine Todradze, Vice-Chairperson.

(Signed) Dr. Zhi Su, Reporter.

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ILO/WHO Global Programme for the Elimination of Silicosis

Definition of the GPESThe ILO/WHO global programme for the elımınatıon of sılıcosıs (gpes) ıs an ınternatıonal technıcal cooperatıon programme desıgned to assıst countrıes ın theır actıon to pprevent sılıcosıs and elımınate ıt as an occupatıonal health problem worldwıde.

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ILO/WHO Global Programme for the Elimination of Silicosis

Purpose of the programmeOffer framework for wıde ınternatıonal cooperatıonContrıbute to the global elımınatıon of sılıcosıs as

OSH problemImmediate objectivePromote establısment of natıonal actıon programsReduce sıgnıfıcantly the ıncıdence rate of sılıcosıs

by 2015Development objectiveEstablısh long-term wıde ınternatıonal cooperatıonElımınate sılıcosıs as OSH problem by 2030

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ILO/WHO Global Programme for the ILO/WHO Global Programme for the Elimination of SilicosisElimination of Silicosis

ILO 2000 Classification of Radiographs of

Pneumoconiosis

1980, 2000

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Seminar on International ILO Classification ofRadiographs of

Pneumoconiosis11-15 July 2005/Ankara

First seminar in Turkey : 1995 The second one : 2005

Participants:

MOLSS 8 Ministry of Health 20 Universities 3Turkish Med. Ass. 2 Foun. of Thorax 3 Private sector 7

Total 43 Medical doctors.

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Some photos from ILO Seminar in Ankara

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Current Legislation in Turkey

•Regulation for Worker Health and Occupational Safety

•Fourth Chapter - Article 76

•Regulation for Occupational Health and Safety Measures in Mines, Quarries and Tunnel Construction

•Regulation for Combatting Dust in Mines, Quarries and Tunnel Construction

•Regulation for Heavy and Hazardous Works

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Labour Act No.1475

" Regulation for Occupational Health and Safety Measures in Mines, Quarries and Tunnel

Construction“

Regulation for Combatting Dust in Mines, Quarries and Tunnel Construction

14/09/1990 - 20635 (Change: 26.02.2000 -23976)

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OBJECTIVE:

In all mining, quarrying and tunnel constrcution enterprises and their complementary facilities within the scope of the Labour Act,

Fight against dust and protect employees from dusts leading to pneumoconiosis

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The Commission of Challenge Against Dust Makes decisions by considering the opinions and recommendatons of DGOHS, Board of Labour Inspectorate, workplaces and employers covered by this regulation and other related foundations, regarding this implementation of the regulation.

The Unit to Challenge Against Dust The enterprises in which 300 or more workers are employed are obliged to found a unit to fight against dust.

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The Commission of Challenge Against Dust (TMK)

> Ministry of Health, > Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources,> One representative from confederations of trade

unions and employer associations who have the highest number of members

> Representatves of Ministry of Labour and Social Security

> One doctor and one engineer who have experience on dust and pneumoconiosis researches

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Legislation Activities

> In December 2004, it has been decided to ask for the recommendations of the foundations and universities.

> 35 foundations delivered recommendations.

> Final draft of the regulation was prepared by TMK in June 2005.

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DRAFT: 21

ESD= ------------- mg/m³ % SiO2+2

TLV is assumed to be 3 mg/m3 where the SiO2 content is below 5%.

Treshold Limit ValuesArticle 16 -(Değişik 26/2/2000-23976 s.R.G.) .) For respirable dusts whose SiO2 content is above %5 TLV = 25 mg/m³

% SiO2TLV is assumed to be 5 mg/m3 where the SiO2 content is below 5%.

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Medical examinationsWorkers are medically examined before they are employed and periodically examined during their employment.

Protection Against Pneumoconiosis and Operations Related to Diagnosis of

Pneumoconiosis (1)

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Assessment of chest radiographies Workers are subjected to standard chest radiography before they are employed and once every two years during their employment. The standard chest radiographs are assessed by reader A for and sent to reader B.


Pneumoconiosis (2)

DRAFT: Workers are subjected to standard chest radiography before they are employed and once a year during their employment. The standard chest radiographs are separately assessed by two readers.

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Pneumoconiosis (3)

Employment conditions of the employees diagnosed as Pneumoconiosis

Category I in the workplaces where dust concentration is below 2%, Category II in the dust-free operations.

DRAFT: The employees who are diagnosed as Category I or higher are employed in dust-free environments.

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Training SeminarsSeminars are organized for the medical doctors who will take part in the unit for challenge against dust. These seminar programs are prepared and implemented by the universities and related foundations, under coordination of İSGÜM.

Training (1)

DRAFT: Technical staff employed in the unit for combatingdust and the medical doctors who will be examiners in theassessment of pneumoconiosis should be certificated.To that end, training seminars which are coordinated byDGOHS and in which İSGÜM, universities and relatedfoundations participate are organized; and the ones whosuccessfully finish the seminars are given their certificates byDGOHS.

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Pneumoconiosis Assessment Seminars

Training seminars on ILO International Classification of Pneumoconiosis Radiography are organized for the doctors who will take part as readers A and B, under coordination of İSGÜM.

Training (2)

DRAFT: The ones who successfully finish the training seminar on ILO International Classification of Pneumoconiosis Radiography arranged for the medical doctors who will work as examiners, are given certificates. Certificates of the medical doctors are kept valid provided that they attend the proficiency evaluation exams held every five years and become successful.

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National Action Plan for National Action Plan for Elimination of SilicosisElimination of Silicosis

in Turkeyin Turkey

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PROBLEMSPROBLEMS

> Inadequacy of dust measurements

> High exposure concentrations

> Ineffective health surveillance

> Insufficient reporting for occupational diseases

> Small-sized enterprises

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DETERMINATION OF THE PROBLEMS

• Extent of the problem• Socio-economical conditions• Determination of the groups under risk• Definition of the prevention strategy• Institutional frame work and participants• Implementation of the program• Mechanism and monitoring of the implementation• Development of the national standard

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TARGETSTARGETS

• Implementation of the Regulation, prepared in agreement with the social partners,• Improvement of the supporting and consultation services of the government,• Ineffective inspection• Development of the record system for occupational diseases• Training and raising awareness of the OHS professionals,• Cooperation of the involved parties.

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İSGÜMİSGÜM

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Contact us...Contact us...

İSGİSGJournal of Occupational Health and SafetyJournal of Occupational Health and Safety

WEB pageWEB pagehttp://isggm.calisma.gov.tr

http://tr.osha.eu.int

[email protected]@csgb.gov.tr

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Documents

1 Tel: +90 (312) 215 50 21 Faks: +90 (312) 215 50 28 e-posta: [email protected] Dr. Rana Güven Dep. Dir. Gen. Working Conditions