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2
TLF Commitment to you
Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve
those production problems that limit profitability
3
TLF Commitment to You: Sorghum
Field Inspections: – over 1,000 in three years
Plant Analysis: – 101 in 2006
Weather Stations; – located in El Campo, Dayton, Holland
DSS Acres– 25,109 in three years
4
Sorghum in the Texas Upper Coast
Year
USDA Yield Upper Coast #/Acre
TLF DSS Yield
# /Acre
2003 3,063 3,791
2004 3,903 4,855
2005 4,598 5,348
2006 4,262 4,794
At $5.25 per cwt, per acre increase in 2006 means $28 more per acre
5
TLF DSS Results in 2006
Yields ranged from 2,576 lbs. to 7,620 lbs. /acre
Highest yields came from planting between 2/28 and 3/1 (earliest in three years)
Potassium and zinc were most limiting
6
Climate Data for Four Years
El Campo, TX rain (inches) 2003 2004 2005 2006
Jan 2.0 4.6 2.5 1.9
Feb 2.5 3.8 1.5 1.9
March 1.8 2.2 4.8 1.7
April 1.0 5.1 0.8 2.1
May 0.2 8.6 4.8 4.6
June 4.8 15.5 0.8 7.5
July 8.0 3.9 5.4 10.9
Totals 20.2 43.7 20.5 30.8
7
July 2006 Produces 10.9” Rain
J uly 2006 Rain El Campo TX
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
7/1
7/3
7/5
7/7
7/9
7/11
7/13
7/15
7/17
7/19
7/21
7/23
7/25
7/27
7/29
7/31
Inch
es
Avg. Yield Harvested Here
5,614 #
3,752 #
8
Climate Data for Four Years
April 2006 was warmer than usual; 2006 was warmest year
El Campo TXGDU 2003 2004 2005 2006
March 346 512 393 513
April 578 546 545 702
May 897 765 746 834
June 927 903 934 902
Total 2,748 2,726 2,618 2,951
9
Early-Season Weather is Variable
Avg Daily Tempts. for El Campo, Texas
50
60
70
80
90
3/ 1 3/ 15 3/ 29 4/ 12 4/ 26 5/ 10 5/ 24 6/ 7 6/ 21
0F2006 2005 2004 2003
Optimum PD for 2006 (5,264 #)
Avg. yield for 2006 = 3,620 #
10
Crop Summary
Yields were slightly lower than 2005 2006 was the warmest of the past four years In 2006, El Campo received 30.8 inches of rain
during the sorghum growing season The optimum planting date came earlier than
the previous four years Harvest delays caused yield losses with too
much rain The DSS data base from 2006 included 128
fields consisting of 8,698 acres.
11
Sorghum Recommendations for 2007
FertilityHybrid SelectionSeed TreatmentsPlanting DatesSeeding RatesTillageRow Direction
13
Sorghum Fertility 2006 Summary
First 30 Days; Sorghum 2006
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
N S P K Mg Ca B Zn Mn Cu
% r
ecom
men
ded
Avg 5,700 Avg 4,200
These results compare the high-yield group (5,700 lbs. /acre compared to the lower yield group (4,200 lbs. /acre)
14
Sorghum Fertility 2006 Summary
Potassium levels were low in both yield groups
Zinc was much lower in lower yield group
Nitrogen, calcium and sulfur trended higher in higher yield group
15
Sorghum Fertility 2006 Summary
Flowering Stage; Sorghum 2006
40%
60%
80%
100%
K Zn
% r
ecom
men
ded
6,890 #/ A Avg 5,700 #/ A Avg 4,200 #/ A 4000 #/ A
This chart compares the individual plant tissue sample results from fields where the yields and practices were known.
16
Sorghum Fertility 2006 Summary
Potassium and zinc tested higher in the highest yields
Potassium prevents lodging, promotes plant health, lowers aluminum toxicity from low pH soils
Zinc quickens dry-down and helps with pollination
Zn/Cu Balance: the sorghum plant tissue samples were very high in copper.
17
Wheat Fertility – N Amounts
DS
S,
2006
5,1504,800
4,600
3,600
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
#/A
140 to 160 120 to 140 101 to 120 81 to 101
Highest yields in 2006 came from fields receiving 140 to 160 lbs. /acre N
18
Impact of N by Hybrid
DKS 54-00: Impact of N in 2006
56565320 5096
4088
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
160 140 130 100
Lbs. /A Nitrogen
Lbs. /A
19
Sorghum Fertility – P Amounts
DS
S,
2006
4,990
4,500
3,7003,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
31 to 40 #/A 11 to 20 #/A 0 #/A
Highest yields in 2006 came from fields receiving 31 to 40 lbs. /acre P
20
Sorghum Fertility – K Amounts
Potassium effects on grain sorghum stalk strength and yield. Southeast Kansas
K2O rate per acre Allen County, KS Cherokee County, KS
Lodging Yield per acre
Stalk deterioratio
n
Yield per acre
0 pounds 88% 5,320 22% 2,912
40 pounds 71% 5,880 20% 3,416
80 pounds 45% 6,048 26% 4,032
160 pounds 16% 5,992 16% 4,256
320 pounds 2% 5,936 4% 4,648
One pound potash in a band is equal to four lbs. broadcast
Better Crops with Plant Food. Number 3-1974, pp. 22-26.
21
Sorghum Fertility- Sulfur
Sulfur is critical:– For the plant to
utilize nitrogen 5 to 10 lbs. /acre
of sulfur increased yields by 1,327 lbs. /A in DSS data.
4984
3657
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
10 lbs. /A None
22
Zinc on Sorghum
Results from DSS in 2006 Hybrid: Golden Acres 737 Zinc quickens dry-down and
helps with pollination Zn: Cu Balance
– Plant roots absorb Zn and Cu by the same mechanism.
– This can cause interference in the uptake
– Copper levels in the plant tissue are all very high
6,104
4,127
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Zinc 2.5#/
A
None
23
Functions Of Zinc
An essential component in many enzymes. Linked to the growth hormone auxin - low auxin
levels cause stunting of leaves and shoots. Plays an important role in the formation and
activity of chlorophyll. Involved in protein synthesis. Important for carbohydrate metabolism. Zinc plays a major role in the absorption of
moisture (plants with adequate zinc nutrition have enhanced drought-handling capacity).
24
Fertility Program for Sorghum
Apply: 140-160 lbs. /A Nitrogen 40 lbs. /A Phosphate 20-30 lbs. /A Potash 5 to 10 lbs. /A sulfur 2.5 to 5 lbs. /A of zinc
25
Sorghum Cultural Practices
Hybrid SelectionSeed TreatmentsPlanting DatesSeeding RatesTillageRow Direction
26
Hybrid Selection
Hybrid2006
Lbs. /A2005
Lbs. /A Avg.
DKS 53-11 6,014
5,992
6,003
DKS 54-00 5,118
6,177
5,648
Golden Acres 737 5,342
5,342
Asgrow 570 4,306
5,980
5,143
Pioneer 82G63 5,023
5,023
Asgrow 571 3,590
4,598
4,094
27
Seed Treatments on Sorghum
Results from DSS in 2006
Hybrid: Golden Acres 737
Poncho 250 produced 1,087 more lbs. /acre than Gaucho in 2006
6,104
5,017
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Poncho
250
Gaucho
28
Sorghum Planting Dates
year 2004 2005 2006
Optimum PD 3/11-3/12 3/25-3/31 2/28-3/1
5 day GDU (50) 80 78 80
Since 2004, the best time (highest yields) to plant sorghum was when the 2-inch soil depth forecast accumulated 78 GDU (base 50) or higher in the next five day period including the day of planting.
29
Early-Season Weather is Variable
Avg Daily Tempts. for El Campo, Texas
50
60
70
80
90
3/ 1 3/ 15 3/ 29 4/ 12 4/ 26 5/ 10 5/ 24 6/ 7 6/ 21
0F2006 2005 2004 2003
Optimum PD for 2006 (5,264 #)
Avg. yield for 2006 = 3,620 #
30
Sorghum Seeding Rates*
Depends on average annual rainfall
Depends on seed size
Depends on seed loss
* Kansas State Univ.
31
Sorghum Seeding Rates*
Avg. Annual Rainfall (inch)
26-32 >32 irrigated
final stand 45,000 70,000 100,000
seeding rates (35% loss)
69,231 107,692 153,846
lbs/acre (16,000 seed per lb.)
4.3 6.7 9.6
* Kansas State Univ.
32
Tillage
5656
4984
5560
4670
4000
5000
6000
DKS 54-00* All Hybrids
Minimum Till
Conventional
Each cultivation will cause the soil to lose about ½ inch of soil moisture; The DKS 54-00 was planted on 49% of DSS 2006 fields
33
Row Direction
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
2004 2005 2006 Avg.
West-East North-South
Since 2004, there has been an average increase of 105 lbs. /A by planting West to East
34
Summary of Sorghum Practices
DKS 53-11 and DKS 54-00 gave the highest average yields from 2005 and 2006 results
Treat seed with Poncho 250 Plant as soon as the soil temperature
forecast reaches 78 GDU (base50) in the next five days
Seed according to the soil moisture capacity of the field
Use as little tillage as possible Planting east to west gave slightly better
yields