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1
The Apostles
Heroes Worthy of Imitation
2
OverviewOverview
• The difference between an apostle and a disciple
• The context of the calling of the twelve
• The biblical accounts of the calling
3
ObjectivesObjectives
GOAL:
Using the Apostles as examples, comprehend that when we do his will, Jesus takes ordinary lives and make them extraordinary.
LESSON 1 OBJECTIVES: • Differentiate between an apostle and a disciple.
• Explain the context of calling the twelve.
• Differentiate between the biblical accounts of the 12 original apostles.
4
Disciple
Or
Apostle
Disciple
Or
Apostle
5
DifferencesDifferences
Disciple - “maqhth/v (Math-ay-tas)
• Learner, Pupil, Student, Follower
• In full agreement and acceptance
6
DifferencesDifferences
Apostle - aOpo/stolov “Apos – tol – os”
• The sent out
• The sent ones
7
DifferencesDifferences
Shaliah
• Aramaic word
• Representative of the Sanhedrin
8
The Context
Of
Their Calling
The Context
Of
Their Calling
9
ContextContext
The Controversial Jesus
• Luke 4:28-30
• Luke 5:1
• John 6:66-67
10
ContextContext
The Timing of His Call
• Luke 6:12 – “In these days”
• Matthew 12:14, Mark 3:6 – Destroy him
11
ContextContext
Jesus Appoints the Twelve
• Crucifixion approaching
• Emphasis shifts to the 12
12
ContextContext
Tearing down institutions
• Clearing the temple
• The sermon on the mount
13
ContextContext
The Twelve
• Ordinary men
• The Lord’s consistency
14
ContextContext
The Call
• Luke 6:12 – The prayer
• Calling the disciples
15
ContextContext
Why 12
• Symbolism
• New leadership
• Luke 22:29-30
16
ContextContext
The Task Mark 3:14 – Teach then send
• First they followed• Called them to leave all• Focuses on the 12• Gives them authority and power• Limited commission• Great commission
17
ContextContext
What they lacked
• Spiritual Understanding
• Humility
• Faith
• Commitment
• Power
18
ContextContext
Why bother?
• Jesus loves us
• Power seen through our weaknesses
• Its not about us, its about God!
19
The Biblical
Accounts
of the Calling
The Biblical
Accounts
of the Calling
20
Biblical AccountsBiblical Accounts
Matthew 10:2-4 Mark 3:16-19 Luke 6:14-16 Acts 1:13
Peter
Andrew
James
John
Peter
James
John
Andrew
Peter
Andrew
James
John
Peter
John
James
Andrew
Philip
Bartholomew
Thomas
Matthew
Philip
Bartholomew
Matthew
Thomas
Philip
Bartholomew
Matthew
Thomas
Philip
Thomas
Bartholomew
Matthew
James
(Son of Alphaeus)
Lebbaeus
(surn. Thaddeus
Simon
Jusdas Iscariot
James
(Son of Alphaeus)
Thaddeus
Simon
Judas Iscariot
James
(Son of Alphaeus)
Simon
Judas
(Son of James)
Judas Iscariot
James
(Son of Alphaeus)
Simon
Judas
(Son of James)
21
John’s Account
• Three stages
• John 1:35-51 – Conversion
• Luke 5 – Ministry
• Matthew 12:1-14; Luke 6:12-16 - Apostleship
Biblical AccountsBiblical Accounts
22
SummarySummary
• The difference between an apostle and a disciple
• The context of the calling of the twelve
• The biblical accounts of the calling
23
Peter
First Among the Twelve
24
OverviewOverview
• Peter’s biographical information
• Simon’s new name
• Peter’s leadership qualities
• Peter’s death
25
GOAL:
Using the Apostles as examples, comprehend that when we do his will, Jesus takes ordinary lives and make them extraordinary.
26
Peter’s
Biographical
Information
Peter’s
Biographical
Information
27
BiographyBiography
Simon Bar-Jonah
Married
Born in Bethsaida
Was a fisherman
Partner with James and John
28
Peter’s
New
Name
Peter’s
New
Name
29
Peter’s NamePeter’s Name
Luke 6:14
“Petros” – Piece of rock
“Cephas” – Aramaic for “a stone”
30
Peter’s NamePeter’s Name
Simon vs. Peter
Secular
Acting as his old self
31
Peter
Leader of the 12
Peter
Leader of the 12
32
The LeaderThe Leader
Peter – The First (Protos)
Peter – The one with the “most”
33
The LeaderThe Leader
Raw Material
Inquisitiveness
34
The LeaderThe Leader
Raw Material
Inquisitiveness
Initiative
35
The LeaderThe Leader
Raw Material
Inquisitiveness
Initiative
Involvement
36
The LeaderThe Leader
Life Experiences
The great confession and the great rebuke
37
The LeaderThe Leader
Life Experiences
The great confession and the great rebuke
Peter was to be sifted
(Luke 22:31)
38
The LeaderThe Leader
Character qualities
Submission
39
The LeaderThe Leader
Character qualities
Submission
Restraint
40
The LeaderThe Leader
Character qualities
Submission
Restraint
Humility
41
The LeaderThe Leader
Character qualities
Submission
Restraint
Humility
Servanthood
42
The LeaderThe Leader
Character qualities
Submission
Restraint
Humility
Servanthood
Compassion
43
The LeaderThe Leader
Character qualities
Submission
Restraint
Humility
Servanthood
Compassion
Courage
44
The LeaderThe Leader
Preached at Pentecost
Healed a lame man
His powerful shadow
Raised Dorcus from the dead
Spread the gospel to the Gentiles
Wrote 2 epistles
Peter’s Power
45
Peter’s
Death
Peter’s
Death
46
Peter’s DeathPeter’s Death
Would die a martyr
Was likely crucified
47
SummarySummary
• Peter’s biographical information
• Simon’s new name
• Peter’s leadership qualities
• Peter’s death
48
ConclusionConclusion
2 Peter 3:18
“But grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him be glory both now and for ever. Amen.
49
Andrew
The Personal Evangelist
50
OverviewOverview
• Biblical accounts of Andrew
• Characteristics of Andrew
• What we can learn form Andrew
• Andrew’s legacy
51
GOAL:
Using the Apostles as examples, comprehend that when we do his will, Jesus takes ordinary lives and make them extraordinary.
52
Biblical AccountsBiblical Accounts
• Listed in all the accounts of the Apostles• First disciple called (John 1:35-40• Brother of Simon• Brought Peter to Jesus (John 1:41)• Introduced two foreigners to Jesus (John
12:22)• Brought boy with loaves and fish to
Jesus (John 6:8-9• Last mentioned in Acts 1:13
53
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• Part of the inner circle
54
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• Part of the inner circle
• Seemed the most thoughtful
55
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• Part of the inner circle
• Seemed the most thoughtful
• Seized the day
56
What We LearnWhat We Learn
• The value of the individual
57
What We LearnWhat We Learn
• The value of the individual
• The value of personal contact
58
What We LearnWhat We Learn
• The value of the individual
• The value of personal contact
• The value of insignificant gifts
59
Andrew’s LegacyAndrew’s Legacy
• Part of the group
60
Andrew’s LegacyAndrew’s Legacy
• Part of the group
• His death
61
Andrew’s LegacyAndrew’s Legacy
• Part of the group
• His death
• Andrew was not slighted
62
ConclusionConclusion
1 Corinthians 27 – 31 – “But God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty; And base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to naught things that are: That no flesh should glory in his presence. But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption: That, according as it is written, He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.
63
James and John
Sons of Thunder
Part I
64
OverviewOverview
• Biblical accounts of James
• Characteristics of James
• Why “Sons of Thunder”
• The conclusion of James
65
Biblical AccountsBiblical Accounts
• Sons of Zebedee (Matt 20:20)• Third apostles called• Given the nickname “Boanerges” (Mark
3:17)• Wanted to destroy a Samaritan village
(Luke 9:51-56)• Frequently argued over who was the
greatest (Matt 20:20 – 28; Mark 10:35-45)• First apostle killed (Acts 12:2)
66
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• Eldest of the two
• May have felt entitled to prominence
• Possible strong leader
67
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• Was with Christ at special times
• Raised Jairus’ daughter (Mark 5:37
• The transfiguration (Matthew 17:1)
• The Mount of Olives (Mark 13:3)
• Garden of Gethsemane (Mark 14:33)
68
Sons of ThunderSons of Thunder
• Fire from heaven
69
Sons of ThunderSons of Thunder
• Fire from heaven
• Thrones in the Kingdom
70
ConclusionConclusion
• We know how and why he died
• Murdered by Herod Agrippa I
• Approximately 14 years after Christ died
• Tradition has James taking the gospel to Spain
71
ConclusionConclusion
• The Servant Song
“Lord make me a servant, Lord, make me like You; For You are a servant, make me one, too. Lord, make me a servant, do what You must do to Make me a servant; Make me like You.”
72
James and John
Sons of Thunder
Part II
73
OverviewOverview
• Biblical accounts of John
• What we can learn from John
• Other notes on John
74
Biblical AccountsBiblical Accounts
• Biographical information
• Brother of James and son of Zebedee
• The disciple whom Jesus loved (John 13:23)
• Known to the high priest (John 18:15)
• Out ran Peter to the empty tomb (John 20:24)
• John never refers directly to himself
• Entrusted by Jesus to care for His mother
(John 19:26)
• First to recognize Jesus by the Sea of
Tiberias (John 21:7)
75
Biblical AccountsBiblical Accounts
• Ministry characteristics
• Author of 5 books
• Former disciple of John the Baptist
• Told he wouldn’t die as the other apostles
• Active with Peter after the beginning of the
church
76
Biblical AccountsBiblical Accounts
• Ministry characteristics
• Author of 5 books
• Former disciple of John the Baptist
• Told he wouldn’t die as the other apostles
• Active with Peter after the beginning of the
church
• Was recognized by Paul as a leader in the
church (Galatians 2:9)
77
Lessons learnedLessons learned
• Balance between truth and love
• Uses “love” more than 80 times
• “Truth” 25 times
• “Witness” 70 times
• Saw things as Black and White
78
Lessons learnedLessons learned
• Balance ambition and humility
• Ambitious for high office
• Error in desire to obtain rather than be found worthy
• John’s lesson in humility
79
Other NotesOther Notes
• Direst commands
• John’s death
• Traditions about John
80
ConclusionConclusion
• I’ll Be a Friend To Jesus
“To all who need a savior, my friend I recommend, because he brought salvation, is why I am his friend. I’ll be a friend to Jesus, my lie for him I’ll spend; I’ll be a friend to Jesus, until my years shall end.”
81
Philip and Nathanael
Part II
82
OverviewOverview
• Biblical accounts of Philip
• What Philip teaches us
• Biblical accounts of Nathanael
• What Nathanael teaches us
83
PhilipPhilip
• Fifth named apostle
• Disciple of John the Baptist
• Not the Philip of Acts 8
• Brought two Greeks to Jesus
• Tested by Jesus at the feeding of the 5,000
• Was one of the fishermen with Peter in John 21
84
• Philip’s Calling ~ John 1:43
• The feeding of the 5,000 ~ John 6
• The visit of the Greeks ~ John 12
• The upper room ~ John 14
PhilipPhilip
85
• What Philip teaches us
• His death
PhilipPhilip
86
Nathanael
A man without guile
Nathanael
A man without guile
87
NathanaelNathanael
• His calling ~ John 1:43-51
• His famous question
• What he teaches us
88
SummarySummary
• Biblical accounts of Philip
• What Philip teaches us
• Biblical accounts of Nathanael
• What Nathanael teaches us
89
Matthew and Thomas
Two Men Transformed
90
OverviewOverview
• Biblical accounts of Matthew
• Matthew the Publican
• Biblical accounts of Thomas
• Characteristics of Thomas
91
MatthewMatthew
• Son of Alphaeus (Mark 2:14)
• Known as Levi (Joined) and Matthew (Gift of the Lord)
• Tax collector from Capernaum
• Author of the Gospel of Matthew
92
MatthewMatthew
• Matthew the Publican
• Despised profession
• Gabbai and Mokhes
93
MatthewMatthew
• Matthew’s calling
• Immediately responded
• Put together a banquet
• A student of the law
• Was ready to respond to Jesus
• Was honest and courageous
94
MatthewMatthew
• Matthew’s legacy
• Forgiveness of sinners
• Seized the day
• His death
95
ThomasThomas
96
ThomasThomas
• Known as the twin
• Known as “Doubting Thomas”
• Little known from scripture
97
ThomasThomas
• Characteristics of Thomas
• Courageous
• Willing to question and learn
• Not a doubter
• His second chance
• Legends
98
SummarySummary
• Biblical accounts of Matthew
• Matthew the Publican
• Biblical accounts of Thomas
• Characteristics of Thomas
99
Matthew and Thomas
Two Men Transformed
100
OverviewOverview
• James the Less
• Simon the Zealot
• Judas Not Iscariot
101
James the LessJames the Less
• Biblical information
• Named in each listing of the Apostles (Matthew 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:14-16; Acts 1:13)
• James son of Alphaeus (Matthew 10:3)
• James the Less (Mark 15:40)
102
James the LessJames the Less
• About James’ name
• Son of Alphaeus
• Comparison of Mark 15:40 and John 19:25
• “James the Faithful”
103
Simon the ZealotSimon the Zealot
• About Simon
• 10th named apostle (Luke 6:15)
• 11th named apostle (Matthew and Mark)
• Simon the Canaanite
104
Simon the ZealotSimon the Zealot
• Political parties of the day
• Pharisees
• Sadducees
• Essenes
• Zealots
105
Simon the ZealotSimon the Zealot
• Simon’s Legends
• Preached in the British Isles
• Killed while preaching the Gospel
106
Judas Not IscariotJudas Not Iscariot
• Judas’ names
• Judas – “Jehovah Leads”
• Thaddaeus – “Breast Child”
• Lebbaeus – “Heart Child”
107
Judas Not IscariotJudas Not Iscariot
• Scriptural references
• Named in the lists of the Apostles
• John 14:21
108
Judas Not IscariotJudas Not Iscariot
• Traditions about Judas
• Preached in Turkey
• Clubbed to death for his faith
109
ConclusionsConclusions
“Living for Jesus a life that is true, striving to please Him in all that I do; Yielding allegiance, glad hearted and free, this is the pathway of blessing for me. O Jesus, Lord and Savior, I give myself to Thee, for Thou in Thy atonement, Didst give Thyself for me; I own no other Master, My heart shall be Thy throne; My life I give, henceforth to live, O Christ, for Thee alone.
110
SummarySummary
• James the Less
• Simon the Zealot
• Judas Not Iscariot
111
Judas Iscariot
A Life Wasted
112
OverviewOverview
• Biographical information
• Reconciling his choosing and his betrayal
• The final straw
• His betrayal of Christ
• His death
• Lessons learned
113
Biographical InformationBiographical Information
• Judas means, “Jehovah leads”
• Iscariot signifies Kerioth
• His father was Simon (John 6:71)
114
• His calling• Not from Galilee• Stayed with Jesus when others
deserted• Eager to Rome removed• Witnessed Jesus’ power and
teachings• Jesus also chose him (John 15:16)
Biographical InformationBiographical Information
115
• No need to reconcile• Not a contradiction• God’s plan and Judas’ evil• Prophesied
Psalm 41:9 John 13:18 Psalm 55:12-14 Zechariah 11:12-13/Matthew 27:9-10
Reconciling Reconciling
116
• Not coerced
• Same potential as the 11
• Never drawn to the person of Christ
• Judas had opportunity to turn back
Reconciling Reconciling
117
• Expecting an earthly kingdom
• Jesus didn’t meet their expectations
• Judas became more disillusioned
DisillusionmentDisillusionment
118
• John 12:17
• Matthew 26:8
• Matthew 26:14
Final StrawFinal Straw
119
• Judas returns
• Jesus washes the disciple’s feet
• Jesus becomes troubled
• Jesus sends Judas on his way
• Jesus is arrested
His BetrayalHis Betrayal
120
• Judas realized his guilt – Matthew 27:3-4
• Remorse is not the same as repentance
• Judas could have been forgiven
His DeathHis Death
121
• Judas is a tragic example of lost opportunity
• Judas is an example of the ugliness of spiritual betrayal
• Judas shows that God’s plan cannot be thwarted
Lessons from JudasLessons from Judas
122
• Traded riches of eternity for false gain
• We must not choose as Judas did
• We must follow Jesus
• Judas is an example of a life wasted
ConclusionConclusion