11

The InternetThe Internet

MCC - CIS105MCC - CIS105

22

Briefly describe the history of the InternetBriefly describe the history of the Internet Describe generally what an Internet service Describe generally what an Internet service

provider doesprovider does Describe various types techniques used by Describe various types techniques used by

Internet search sitesInternet search sites Describe the various types of e-commerceDescribe the various types of e-commerce Describe how advertising is done on the Describe how advertising is done on the

InternetInternet Describe what an intranet is and how a Describe what an intranet is and how a

business uses itbusiness uses it

TopicsTopics

33

The Internet and ServicesThe Internet and Services The Internet is a worldwide collection of The Internet is a worldwide collection of

networks used to provide services such as…networks used to provide services such as…• World Wide Web (WWW) – WebsitesWorld Wide Web (WWW) – Websites• Email, Instant Messaging (IM)Email, Instant Messaging (IM)• Telephony – Voice over IP (VoIP) Telephony – Voice over IP (VoIP) • Social network, newsgroups, discussion boardsSocial network, newsgroups, discussion boards• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)File Transfer Protocol (FTP)• E-commerce – business transactionsE-commerce – business transactions

For an overview of Making Use of the Web, For an overview of Making Use of the Web, see pages 116-131 in the textbook see pages 116-131 in the textbook Discovering Computers 2008. Discovering Computers 2008.

44

Internet - many Internet - many networksnetworks connected together connected together

55

Quick Time LineQuick Time Line 1969 - ARPANET 1969 - ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency)(Advanced Research Project Agency)

• Government sponsored the creation of a network.Government sponsored the creation of a network.• Scientists and military shared information.Scientists and military shared information.• Network needed to provide alternative paths in Network needed to provide alternative paths in

case part of the network was destroyed (war).case part of the network was destroyed (war). 1972 - E-mail capability added1972 - E-mail capability added 1973 – The internet went international1973 – The internet went international 1986 - National Science Foundation (NFS) 1986 - National Science Foundation (NFS)

connected its large network, NSFnet,connected its large network, NSFnet,to ARPANET.to ARPANET.

1995 – NFS transferred service providing 1995 – NFS transferred service providing role to private companies.role to private companies.

66

Number of UsersNumber of Users 2002 – 567 million users2002 – 567 million users 2003 – 780 million users2003 – 780 million users

after 34 years (1969-2003)after 34 years (1969-2003)Compare to… Compare to…

2005 – US population = 295 million2005 – US population = 295 million Telephone took 91 years to reach Telephone took 91 years to reach

100 million users.100 million users. Television took 54 years to reach Television took 54 years to reach

100 million users.100 million users.

77

Number of SitesNumber of Sites Another way to measure the growth is by Another way to measure the growth is by

the number websites…the number websites… 1969 – 4 sites1969 – 4 sites 1971 – 20 sites1971 – 20 sites 1979 – 200 sites1979 – 200 sites 1989 – 100,000 sites1989 – 100,000 sites 2000 – 72,000,000 sites2000 – 72,000,000 sites

Why did it grow so much faster between Why did it grow so much faster between 1989 and 2000?1989 and 2000?

One reason was the number Personal One reason was the number Personal Computers grew.Computers grew.

The other was the introduction of the The other was the introduction of the Graphical Browser…Graphical Browser…

88

Graphical Web BrowserGraphical Web Browser

A Browser is software used to navigate on the Internet A Browser is software used to navigate on the Internet (Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.).(Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.).

1990 – Dr. Berners-Lee from Geneva wanted to make the 1990 – Dr. Berners-Lee from Geneva wanted to make the links from one website to another more dynamic and easy links from one website to another more dynamic and easy using hyperlinks .using hyperlinks .

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the language used to HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the language used to create web pages.create web pages.

He described the links like a spider’s web.He described the links like a spider’s web. Hence the name World Wide Web (WWW).Hence the name World Wide Web (WWW). 1992 – Marc Andreessen, college student at University of 1992 – Marc Andreessen, college student at University of

Illinois and Illinois and Eric J. Bina developed Mosaic Mosaic – first graphical – first graphical web browser for multiple platforms.web browser for multiple platforms.• Graphical browser with hyperlinks and graphics.Graphical browser with hyperlinks and graphics.

1993 – Andreessen and Ken McCarthy developed Netscape.1993 – Andreessen and Ken McCarthy developed Netscape.

99

Internet Service Provider (ISP)Internet Service Provider (ISP) An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides the server An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides the server

computer and connection software for companies and computer and connection software for companies and individuals to connect to the Internet from their home individuals to connect to the Internet from their home or business (Earthlink, Qwest, Cox, Hughes, etc).or business (Earthlink, Qwest, Cox, Hughes, etc).

Users at home need a modem to connect to their ISPUsers at home need a modem to connect to their ISP.. Dialup – over phone linesDialup – over phone lines DSL (digital subscriber line) - over phone linesDSL (digital subscriber line) - over phone lines Cable – coaxial and/or fiber opticCable – coaxial and/or fiber optic Fixed Wireless – slow to catch on – Tempe, ChandlerFixed Wireless – slow to catch on – Tempe, Chandler Mobile Wireless – cell phones, PDA’s, laptops Mobile Wireless – cell phones, PDA’s, laptops Satellite - Two modems (uplink and downlink) Satellite - Two modems (uplink and downlink)

1010

TCP / IPTCP / IP TCP/IP is the communication standard TCP/IP is the communication standard

(protocol) used on the Internet.(protocol) used on the Internet. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

determines how messages are manageddetermines how messages are managed• A message sent over the Internet is divided into A message sent over the Internet is divided into

uniformly sized packets.uniformly sized packets.• Each packet is labeled with its destination Each packet is labeled with its destination

address.address.• At the destination the message is reassembled At the destination the message is reassembled

using the sequencing information.using the sequencing information. Internet Protocol (IP) determines how Internet Protocol (IP) determines how

communications software and equipment communications software and equipment transport messages.transport messages.

1111

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL) A URL is the complete and unique address of a A URL is the complete and unique address of a

Web page.Web page. Web page URL begins with Web page URL begins with httphttp

• HyperText Transfer ProtocolHyperText Transfer Protocol Domain name – address of site’s host computerDomain name – address of site’s host computer

Last part of domain name is called a top-level domainLast part of domain name is called a top-level domain Identifies country and/or purpose of organizationIdentifies country and/or purpose of organization URL may include folder and specific filenameURL may include folder and specific filename..

http://www.sportsline.com/tennis/index.html

Protocol Domain name Path Document name

Registering a Domain NameRegistering a Domain Name

Internet Corporation for Assigned Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the group that assigns and controls top-group that assigns and controls top-level domain names.level domain names.

Outside the United States, the domain Outside the United States, the domain name also includes a country code.name also includes a country code.

For example - Australia: For example - Australia: www.philips.com.auwww.philips.com.au

1212

1313

Domain Name mapped to IP AddressDomain Name mapped to IP Address An IP address is a unique Numeric Address for each An IP address is a unique Numeric Address for each

device on the Internet.device on the Internet. An IP address consists of four groups of numbers An IP address consists of four groups of numbers

separated with a period.separated with a period.

IP Address: http://64.233.167.99/ IP Address: http://64.233.167.99/

Domain names are mapped to IP Addresses by a Domain names are mapped to IP Addresses by a Domain Name Server (DNS).Domain Name Server (DNS).

Domain names are meaningful and easier to Domain names are meaningful and easier to remember for users.remember for users.

Domain: http://www.google.com/ Domain: http://www.google.com/

Search for IP Addresses (use WhoIs Lookup):Search for IP Addresses (use WhoIs Lookup): http://www.dnsstuff.com/http://www.dnsstuff.com/

Error 404 – If domain name is not found in DNS.Error 404 – If domain name is not found in DNS.

1414

User called Helpdesk because their User called Helpdesk because their “Internet connection was not working”.“Internet connection was not working”.

Turns out the user had set the invalid URL as their Turns out the user had set the invalid URL as their homepage, so the error page was displayed every homepage, so the error page was displayed every time they opened their browser time they opened their browser ..

1515

Web Browser LimitationWeb Browser Limitation

Browsers can process and display Browsers can process and display several formats such as HTML, gif, jpeg, several formats such as HTML, gif, jpeg, JavaScript, etc.JavaScript, etc.

However, browsers cannot handle However, browsers cannot handle everything.everything.

Functionally is increased by using:Functionally is increased by using:• Plug-insPlug-ins• HelpersHelpers• Web ProgrammingWeb Programming• See next few slides…See next few slides…

1616

Plug-ins / HelpersPlug-ins / Helpers

Software that increases browser functionalitySoftware that increases browser functionality Most downloaded from their own Web sitesMost downloaded from their own Web sites

• Once downloaded and installed, it appears as if the Once downloaded and installed, it appears as if the browser can handle the new features.browser can handle the new features.

• The features are being processed by the plug-ins.The features are being processed by the plug-ins. Most enhance a site’s audio/visual experienceMost enhance a site’s audio/visual experience

• Flash and QuickTime Players permit viewing sites Flash and QuickTime Players permit viewing sites that include quality animationthat include quality animation

• Adobe Acrobat Reader displays and prints Adobe Acrobat Reader displays and prints documents created in Portable Document Format documents created in Portable Document Format (PDF) format(PDF) format

1717

Web Page ProgramsWeb Page Programs Small programs can be downloaded to run in your Small programs can be downloaded to run in your

browserbrowser• Allow dynamic interaction and dynamic dataAllow dynamic interaction and dynamic data

Scripting languages (Client Side)Scripting languages (Client Side)• Instructions to be interpreted and executed by your browserInstructions to be interpreted and executed by your browser• JavaScript and VBScript are most commonJavaScript and VBScript are most common

Programming Languages (Client and Server Side)Programming Languages (Client and Server Side)• Java applets and ActiveX controls are most commonJava applets and ActiveX controls are most common• Scripting languages that can call programs stored on the server Scripting languages that can call programs stored on the server

include ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, and others.include ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, and others. May require additional software be installed such as May require additional software be installed such as

Java Runtime Environment (JRE)Java Runtime Environment (JRE) Cookies – information that a program stores on your Cookies – information that a program stores on your

hard disk so that it can remember something about you hard disk so that it can remember something about you or your process at a later time. or your process at a later time.

1818

Searching the InternetSearching the Internet Search EngineSearch Engine

• Lets a user specify simple or complex search criteria.Lets a user specify simple or complex search criteria.• Search engine then searches the entries in it’s database and Search engine then searches the entries in it’s database and

returns a list of sites that matches the criteria.returns a list of sites that matches the criteria.

• Uses spider software to build database.Uses spider software to build database.• Spiders “crawl” throughout websites collecting Spiders “crawl” throughout websites collecting

information – can even find “hidden” files.information – can even find “hidden” files. Trivia - Google was supposed to be Googol, the number 1 Trivia - Google was supposed to be Googol, the number 1

followed by 100 zerosfollowed by 100 zeros Internet directory – list is developed by humans rather Internet directory – list is developed by humans rather

than a spider, so entries are very selective (yellowpages).than a spider, so entries are very selective (yellowpages). www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d07/cis105/searchengines.htmlwww.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d07/cis105/searchengines.html

1919

Evaluating the InformationEvaluating the Information

AuthorAuthor SourcesSources Server (who provides)Server (who provides) Objectivity (balanced?)Objectivity (balanced?)

PurposePurpose AccuracyAccuracy CurrencyCurrency

2020

EmailEmail Basic Electronic Mail (email) needs…Basic Electronic Mail (email) needs…

• A server with email servicesA server with email services• Users need an accountUsers need an account• Need a client application to access the serverNeed a client application to access the server

SPAM is unsolicited e-mail.SPAM is unsolicited e-mail.• The term spam is said to derive from a famous Monty The term spam is said to derive from a famous Monty

Python sketch.Python sketch.• SPAM is a trademarked Hormel meat product. SPAM is a trademarked Hormel meat product.

Phishing is e-mail fraud where the perpetrator Phishing is e-mail fraud where the perpetrator sends out legitimate-looking e-mails that appear to sends out legitimate-looking e-mails that appear to come from well known and trustworthy Web sites come from well known and trustworthy Web sites in an attempt to gather personal and financial in an attempt to gather personal and financial information from the recipient (see next slide).information from the recipient (see next slide).

2121

Phishing ExamplesPhishing Examples

2222

Other Communication ServicesOther Communication Services Social Networks – myspace, facebookSocial Networks – myspace, facebook NewsGroups – allows posting and reading of NewsGroups – allows posting and reading of

messages to a group for everyone messages to a group for everyone to read (discussion board).to read (discussion board).

IRC: Internet Relay ChatIRC: Internet Relay Chat• Text Chatting in Real Time Text Chatting in Real Time

to a group, like a party lineto a group, like a party line Instant Messaging – to one personInstant Messaging – to one person Internet Telephony: Internet Telephony: Real-Time Voice and VideoReal-Time Voice and Video

VoIP – Voice over IP (Internet Protocol)VoIP – Voice over IP (Internet Protocol) Internet Phone Services (Vonage)Internet Phone Services (Vonage)

2323

File Transfer ProtocolFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) (FTP) Allows for upload and download of files.Allows for upload and download of files. Anonymous FTP Anonymous FTP

• No username or password required.No username or password required. Uploading will most likely require a username Uploading will most likely require a username

and password.and password. Some files are compressed into an archive Some files are compressed into an archive

using a program like WinZip, so the files need using a program like WinZip, so the files need to be expanded or extracted after to be expanded or extracted after downloading.downloading.• Self-extracting is an executable that is double-Self-extracting is an executable that is double-

clicked to begin file extraction.clicked to begin file extraction.• If not self-extracting, will need a compatible program If not self-extracting, will need a compatible program

to extract files.to extract files.

2424

Homepage / PortalHomepage / Portal Homepage is the first page displayed when Homepage is the first page displayed when

the browser is openedthe browser is opened A portal is a website that is supposed to be A portal is a website that is supposed to be

set as your homepage.set as your homepage. Webpage can be personalized so Webpage can be personalized so

information you are interested in is information you are interested in is displayed – stock market, sports, weatherdisplayed – stock market, sports, weather

May advertise referrals to businessesMay advertise referrals to businesses Yahoo, Google, MySpace, etc.Yahoo, Google, MySpace, etc.

2525

Internet Internet AdvertisingAdvertising

Many advertisements on Web sites are banner adsMany advertisements on Web sites are banner ads Pop-over ads open a new window on top of your Pop-over ads open a new window on top of your

current windowcurrent window Pop-under ads open a new window underneath your Pop-under ads open a new window underneath your

current windowcurrent window All this advertising is to increase electronic All this advertising is to increase electronic

commerce…commerce…

Electronic CommerceElectronic Commerce B2B (Business to Business)B2B (Business to Business) B2C (Business to Consumer) B2C (Business to Consumer) C2C (Consumer to Consumer)C2C (Consumer to Consumer)

• Ebay.com – watch for fraudEbay.com – watch for fraud• CraigsList.org – Free classified adsCraigsList.org – Free classified ads

Payments – SSL – Secure Sockets LayerPayments – SSL – Secure Sockets LayerePal is a 3ePal is a 3rdrd party that handles payments. party that handles payments.Internet Taxes Freedom ActInternet Taxes Freedom Act

• No sales tax on out-of-state salesNo sales tax on out-of-state sales• But usually need to pay shippingBut usually need to pay shipping

Privacy – companies must provide Privacy – companies must provide you their privacy policy. you their privacy policy.

2626

2727

Intranets & ExtranetsIntranets & Extranets An Intranet is a private Internet-like network.An Intranet is a private Internet-like network. Uses the same technology as used for an Internet site.Uses the same technology as used for an Internet site. Internal – only computers on the same network may Internal – only computers on the same network may

access services – ie: Employee Informationaccess services – ie: Employee Information

Extranets allow selected customers and suppliers to Extranets allow selected customers and suppliers to have access to a company’s intranet.have access to a company’s intranet.

EDI – Electronic Data ExchangeEDI – Electronic Data Exchange• Standard format to exchange data Standard format to exchange data

(College transcripts)(College transcripts)

Can usually identify an Intranet/Extranet when a Can usually identify an Intranet/Extranet when a username and password is required to enterusername and password is required to enter..

Access can be restricted using firewalls Access can be restricted using firewalls and IP addresses.and IP addresses.• Firewalls – hardware and softwareFirewalls – hardware and software

2828

Want to Learn More?Want to Learn More?

CIS133DA – Internet / Web DevCIS133DA – Internet / Web Dev CIS235 – e-commerceCIS235 – e-commerce Certificate of Completion or Certificate of Completion or

Two-Year Degree in Two-Year Degree in Web Technology.Web Technology.

www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d07/degrees.htmlwww.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d07/degrees.html