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The MoleThe Mole
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The MoleThe Mole• A counting unit
• Similar to a dozen, but instead of 12, it’s 602 billion trillion 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
• 6.02 X 1023 (in scientific notation) 6.02EE23 on your TI calculator
• This number is named in honor of Amedeo Avagadro (1776 – 1856) Amedeo Avagadro (1776 – 1856)
AvagadroAvagadro’’s Numbers Number
66
Just How Big is a Mole?Just How Big is a Mole?
• Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles.
• If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles.
• If we were able to count atoms at the rate of 10 million per second, it would take about 2 billion years to count the atoms in one mole.
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= 6.02 x 1023 C atoms
= 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules
= 6.02 x 1023 NaCl “molecules”(technically, ionics are compounds not
molecules so they are called formula units)
6.02 x 1023 Na+ ions and
6.02 x 1023 Cl– ions
A Mole of ParticlesA Mole of Particles Contains 6.02 x 1023 particles
1 mole C
1 mole H2O
1 mole NaCl
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6.02 x 1023 particles
1 mole
or
1 mole
6.02 x 1023 particles
Note that a particle could be an atom OR a molecule!
AvogadroAvogadro’’s Number as s Number as Conversion FactorConversion Factor
99
• The mass, in grams, of 1 mole
• Equal to the mass on the periodic table
1 mole of C atoms =
1 mole of Mg atoms =
1 mole of Cu atoms =
Molar MassMolar Mass
12.0 g
24.3 g
63.5 g
1010
Other Names Related to Molar MassOther Names Related to Molar Mass
• Molecular Mass/Molecular Weight
• Formula Mass/Formula Weight
• Gram Atomic Mass/Molecular Mass
• THE POINT: You may see all these
terms which mean the SAME THING!
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Add up the masses of each element
• 1 mole of NaCl
1 mole of Na = 23.0 g
1 mole of Cl = 35.5 g
• 1 mole of H2O
1 mole of H x 2 = 1.0 g x 2 = 2.0 g
1 mole of O = 16.0 g
Molar Mass of Molecules and Molar Mass of Molecules and CompoundsCompounds
= 58.5 g
= 18.0 g
