1

Thinking about Words

2

Word

Problem Solving

Word Consciousness

Wide Reading & Read Alouds

Rich Oral Language

(Lubliner & Scott, 2008)

The Vocabulary Pyramid

3

Consider…

Words are the building blocks of communication…

4

Learning New Words

1) to understand them when we are listening and reading (receptive vocabulary) and

2) to be able to use them when we are talking and writing (productive vocabulary).

5

Words tied to specific content: molecular, settlers, ecosystems, hypotenuse

or

Words that add richness and depth to writing:

despicable, vacillate, translucent, grim

Such as…

6

Dolch Word List

• The Dolch Word List is a list of frequently used words compiled by Edward William Dolch, PhD. The list was originally published in his book Problems in Reading in 1948.

7

Dolch Word Lista as again about anyall away ate after betteram be over always bothan black but around bringand brown cold ask carryare by cut because cleanat came fast been couldbig did first before doneblue eat five best don’tcall fall fly buy drawcan find four does drinkcome for give far eightdo get goes found everydown going from full hurtfunny have got gave knowgo her green grow lightgood him had hold myselfhe his has how neverhelp if hot just ownhere into its keep pickI laugh long kind rightin let made much sevenis live many must shallit may new now showjump my not off theirlike no of once themlittle old open only then

look on please round theremake one or sleep theseme put our small thinkout saw pull take thoseplay said read tell together

pretty she start thank useran sit say that veryred some sing they wantride stop six this warmrun three soon too washsee today ten try wentso two upon under whatthe was us walk whento will who well whereup work why were whichwe yes wish white wouldyou yellow your with write

8

What are these?

9

What are these?

10

What are these?

11

What are these?

12

What are these?

13

synonyms

acronyms

polysemy

single-conceptprinciple

neologisms

monosemyabbreviations

quasi-synonyms,or near-synonyms

pseudo-synonyms,or false synonymsantonyms

phraseologism

hyponyms

hypernyms

collocation Cross-

references

UNDERSTANDINGWORDS

tautonyms

14

Hyponym

a word or phrase whose semantic range is included within that of another word. For example, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, and crimson

are all hyponyms of red, which is, in turn, a hyponym of colour.

15

Antonym

are words that lie in an inherently incompatible binary relationship as in the opposite pairs male : female, long : short, up : down, and precede : follow.

16

Acronym

abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name. For example, M.P. S.Q.L. U.F.O. S.C.U.B.A. L.A.S.E.R.

17

Pseudo-Synonym

a term incorrectly used for a given concept as a result of misunderstanding correct usage, confusion between a generic and a specific, etc. For example:

Y2K virus instead of Y2K bug.

18

Single-Concept Principle

a term should deal with one concept only, this means that there is no ambiguity.

19

Neologism

is a word that, although devised relatively recently in a specific time period, has been accepted into a mainstream language. The term "neologism" was coined in 1803. prequel (1958) Internet (1974) “jumping the shark” (late 1970s) "d'oh"(1989–) blog (late 1990s) chav (early 2000s)

20

Quasi-Synonym

a term that designates the same concept as another, but which is not interchangeable with the other term in all contexts as its use is limited to certain communication situations.

21

Cross-Reference

is an instance within a document which refers to related or synonymous information elsewhere, usually within the same work.

22

Monosemy

having a single meaning (absence of ambiguity) usually of individual words or phrases. For example,

Clarity

23

Abbreviation

a shortened form of a word or phrase. For example, Interpol for International police chute for parachute phone for telephone

should be distinguished from portmanteau words (a word formed by blending sounds from two or more distinct words and combining their meanings e.g. Brunch, Wikipedia, Billary)

24

Synonym

different words with identical or at least similar meanings. baby and infant (noun) student and pupil (noun) sick and ill (adjective) quickly and speedily (adverb) freedom and liberty (noun)

25

Tautonym

a taxonomic designation, in which the genus and species names are the same, commonly used in zoology but no longer in botany. For example, Gazella gazella Gorilla gorilla Rattus rattus Vulpes vulpes

26

Polysemy

is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings.

The house is at the foot of the mountains

One of his shoes felt too tight for his foot

'Foot' here refers to the bottom part of the mountains in the first sentence and the bottom part of the leg in the second.

27

Collocation

a sequence of words or terms which co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. For example, 'bank' are: central, river, account,

manager, merchant, money, deposits, lending, society.

High collocates with probability, but not with chance: a high probability but a good chance

28

Hypernym

a word, usually somewhat vague and broad in meaning, that other more specific words fall under or are fairly encompassed by. For example, vehicle denotes all the things that are

separately denoted by the words train, chariot, dogsled, airplane, and automobile

29

Phraseologism

a term together with a word or words with which the term commonly occurs in specialized discourse. For example,

“kicking the bucket” “as white as a sheet”

30

Searching the Web

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

synonyms

acronyms

polysemy

single-conceptprinciple

neologisms

monosemyabbreviations

quasi-synonyms,or near-synonyms

pseudo-synonyms,or false synonymsantonyms

phraseologism

hyponyms

hypernyms

collocation Cross-

references

PROBLEMS WITH USINGA SEARCH ENGINE AS THE SOLE SOURCE OF

INFORMATION

tautonyms

38

Finding Research online Effective Searching Let us consider searching for information relating

to 'Project-Based Learning'

The Hyphen The first thing to note is the hyphen between the

words 'Project' and 'Based', will every web-page relating to this subject have the hyphen in it, or will some just leave it out. If you just leave it out the search engines will find the phrase with or without the hyphen.

39

Finding Research online So the first search to try is

"Project Based Learning" if this returns 10,000 links then try

"Project Based Learning" "PhD Thesis" "Project Based Learning" "Masters Thesis“ “Project Based Learning” “Masters Thesis”

Declaration this may return PhD or Masters thesis on the

subject you require information on.

40

Finding Research online To find other 'good' pages relating to

your subject matter, try "Project Based Learning Link*"

for "PBL Links" or "PBL Link Page" "Project Based Learning Portal*"

for "PBL Portal" or "PBL Portal Page" "Project Based Learning Webring*"

for "PBL Webring" or "PBL Webrings" "Project Based Learning FAQ*"

for "PBL FAQ"or "PBL FAQs" or "PBL FAQL"or "PBL FAQLs"

41

Finding Research online If you are looking for papers relating to "Project

Based Learning", try "Project Based Learning" Bibliography "Project Based Learning" Literature Review "Project Based Learning" Literature Survey "Project Based Learning" Overview "Project Based Learning" “A Roadmap”

Unlike the previous section where we were looking for 'good' pages and put the entire phrase in double quotes, in this section we are only putting the subject matter we are investigating in quotes and the rest of the terms are free text, in this way we can find pages which may not be titled, for example, "Project Based Learning Bibliography", but may be a bibliography which contain references to Project Based Learning.

42

Finding Research online If you are looking for a more specific topic, for

example, "The Impact of the Web on Project Based Learning", try "Impact of the Web on Project Based Learning" (unlikely) "Project Based Learning" overview web "Project Based Learning" survey web "Project Based Learning" review web "Project Based Learning" assessment web

43

Finding Research online Also consider web-sites which will be using the

acronym for "Project Based Learning" so try "PBL" "P.B.L." Consider the acronym for "Virtual Learning

Environments", it could be "VLE"or "VLEs"or "V.L.E."or "V.L.E.s"or "V.L.Es", so try

"VLE*" "V.L.E*"