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Trade Winds in Equatorial Pacific
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ITCZ Location
July
January
ITCZ
ITCZ
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Equatorial Divergence vs Subtropical Convergence
upwelling downwelling
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Trade Winds Cause Variations in Sea Surface
Height
ITCZ
ITCZ
SSH
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Meridional Trends in Trade Wind Strength, Sea
Surface Height, and Currents in the
Equatorial Pacific
TradeWind Speed
Surface Current Direction
SSH (cm)
Depth (m)
HPG
westward
eastward
ITCZ
I------Conv------IDivIConI-Div-I---Conv---I
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Zonal (E-W) Trend in Sea
Surface Height
Zonal (east-west) trend in Sea Surface Height
Wind Stress
SSH
Temperature(+ = depth of EUC)
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Equatorial Undercurrent
A
A6
EUC
Velocity (m/s)
Temperature (ºC)
Velocity Cross Sections
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SST in Equatorial Pacific
ºC
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Surface Nitrate Distribution
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Photosynthesis Rates in Surface Ocean
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Cross Sections in
the Equatorial
Pacific
Temp
Salinity
Oxygen
Phosphate
Zonal Vel.
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Effect of El Nino on Anchovy Catch
El Ninos in red
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Array of Buoys Monitored by NOAA for Wind Speed, SST, Salinity, Current Velocities
The best instrumented region of the world’s ocean
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Sea Surface Temperature Changes
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Weakening of Trade Winds during El Nino
Normal
El Nino
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Atmospheric Circulation and
Precipitation Changes during
El Nino
Normal
El Nino
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SST and Chlorophyll during El Nino
El Nino
Normal
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Animation of SST Anomalies during El Nino of 1997
• http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/map/clim/sst_olr/old_sst/sst_9798_anim.shtml
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History of Southern Oscillation Index(and correlation with El Nino events)
ENSO Index
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Change in Zonal Atmospheric
Circulation in Equatorial Pacific
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Global Weather Anomalies during El Nino
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Global Weather Anomalies during La Nino
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El Nino Effects on US Temperatures (Winter)
Warmer in northern midwest and cooler in south
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El Nino Effects on US Precipitation (Winter)
Wetter in southeast US
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El Nino Effects on Jet Stream
position and US Weather
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Currently El Nino Conditions (Nov 2009)
SST anomaly is currently 1-4ºC warmer than normal (avg.= 1.5ºC).
