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1
United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe
The UN/CEFACT StrategyInformation Exchange in
Global Supply Chains
Virginia Cram-MartosDirector, Trade and Timber Division
2
This Presentation
• Introductory Background
• Public-Private Stakeholders
• Integrated Strategy
• Collaboration Framework
UNECE Work Areas
Transport
Economic cooperation Statistics
Sustainable
energy
Housing Trade
Environmental policy
Timber & Forestry
4
There is an Imperative Need
for Trade & Transport Facilitation in order to
•Create dynamic gains and spill over effects into the economy
•Bolster trade: The IMF suggests that reducing transport and trade related constraints in MENA countries to equal the world average could increase exports by approximately 10%
The scope of trade liberalisation also needs to expand to include services – and especially those linked to trade such as transport and finance
5
UNECE : Three Pronged Approach to TFTransport policies &Transport policies &
infrastructureinfrastructure
Standards Standards DevelopmentDevelopment
Facilitating Trade Facilitating Trade FlowsFlows
Transport1. Harmonizes traffic regulations and road
signs
2. Promotes road safety.
3. Manages the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations.
4. Facilitates the international movement of goods by negotiating conventions to simplify and harmonize specific procedures at border crossings, including the Convention on International Road Transport (TIR) signed in 1975.
5. Synchronizes transport infrastructure
6. Makes recommendations covering the transport of dangerous goods, including hazardous wastes and substances.
TradeTrade 1. Develops effective international trade-
related instruments, norms, standards and recommendations, for the global economy
2. Reduces barriers to trade in goods and services in all countries, through greater implementation of international and UNECE norms, standards, and recommendations
3. Facilitates trade policy development through provision of an international platform for the exchange of views, particularly for the benefit of countries with economies in transition
UNITED NATIONS CENTRE FOR
TRADE FACILITATION AND
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS
SIMPLE, TRANSPARENT
AND EFFECTIVE
PROCESSES FOR
GLOBAL BUSINESS
9
UN/CEFACT Fundamentals
• Intergovernmental
• Public-private sector collaboration
• Global remit
• Multidisciplinary
• Consensus-driven
• Recommendations / Standards
• Real-world solutions-oriented
• Free to participate / to use outcomes
10
UN/CEFACT Structure
22 April 2009 10
International Tradeand BusinessProcesses Group
International Tradeand BusinessProcesses Group
Applied TechnologyGroup
Applied TechnologyGroup
Information Content Management Group
Information Content Management Group
Techniques and Methodologies Group
Techniques and Methodologies Group Legal Group
Legal Group
Domains: Accounting & Audit - Agriculture - Architecture, Engineering & Construction - Business Process Analysis - Customs - eGovernment - Electronic Trade Documents - Environmental Management - Finance - Harmonization - Health Care - Insurance - International Trade Procedures - Supply Chain - Transport - Travel, Tourism and Leisure
Plenary ChairPlenary Chair___________________
BureauBureau
Plenary ChairPlenary Chair___________________
BureauBureau
FMGFMG
ForumForumManagementManagement GroupGroup
FMGFMG
ForumForumManagementManagement GroupGroup
UNECESecretariat
UNECESecretariat
UN/CEFACT Forum
UN/CEFACT Plenary
11
Collaboration Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
on Electronic Business
• Avoid divergent and conflicting approaches to standardization
• Eliminate duplication of effort
• Provide a clear roadmap for users
• Ensure intersectoral coherence in the field of electronic business
The International Supply Chain
Prepare for
ExportExport Transport Import
SHIPBUY PAY
Prepare for
Import
Commercial Procedures
Transport Procedures
Regulatory Procedures
Financial Procedures
12
13
Analysing the Business Processes
FinancialProcedures
•Provide Credit Rating•Provide Insurance•Provide Credit•Execute Payment•Issue Statements
CommercialProcedures
•Procurement / Invoice•Establish Sales Contract•Order Goods•Advise On Delivery•Request Payment
Prepare for Export Export Transport Import
SHIPBUY PAY
Prepare for Import
TransportProcedures
•Establish Transport Contract
•Collect Transport and Deliver Goods
•Provide Waybills, Goods Receipts Status Reports
RegulatoryProcedures
• Obtain Import/Export Licences
• Provide Customs Declarations• Provide Cargo Declarations• Apply Trade Security
Procedures• Clear Goods for
Import/Export
13
14
Interoperability: Core Components and Process Models
CommercialProcedures
Prepare for Export Export Transport Import
SHIPBUY PAY
Prepare for Import
TransportProcedures
RegulatoryProcedures
FinancialProcedures
consignmentitem.details
paymentdetails
partydetails
Customsdeclarationdetails
trade item details
15
Efficiency and Security for Trade
Trade bottlenecks :- High transaction costs in trade
- Many documents and signatures
- Cumbersome procedures
- Need for reform and modernization of border agencies
- Lack of transparency- Difficult to meet requirement of
international standards- Lack of trust between public and
private sector- Ports and border-crossings are
bottlenecks- Rent-seeking and corruption
Source: National Board of Trade (2009) Trade facilitation and maritime transport
16
Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business
Addressed through a unified strategy dealing with common processes that support business and government, across sectoral domains and across countries
Based on re-usable building blocks from a framework of technical standards that support business standards that support trade facilitation recommendations
17
UN/CEFACT Approach
Applies a total transaction approach when working for the elimination of constraints
Simplifies procedures and documents, encompassing both border-crossing and other government and commercial processes
Captures business knowledge in process and information models
Maps these models to new information technologies as they emerge
18
UN/CEFACT Key Work Area #1
Facilitating national & international
trading & business transactions
by working towards the elimination
of constraints
19
UN/CEFACT Key Work Area #2
Engaging in open dialogue to achieve
improved coordination and cooperation
20
UN/CEFACT Key Work Area #3
Improving the ability of business, trade
and administrative organizations to
exchange products and relevant
services effectively
Electronic Documents
Supply Chain Data Model
Documentation simplification
Business Process Analysis
ECert, Cross Border Invoice, Material Safety Sheet
Core Component Library
UN Layout KeyUN Recommendations on Codes
UN Modelling Methodology (UMM)
ECE TF Standards for Single Windows
Electronic Documents
Supply Chain Data Model
Documentation simplification
Business Process Analysis
ECert, Cross Border Invoice, Material Safety Sheet
Core Component Library
UN Layout KeyUN Recommendations on Codes
UN Modelling Methodology (UMM)
ECE TF Standards for Single Windows
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Standards: UN Layout Key
Cross-Sector Transaction DataCross-Sector Transaction Data(mainly business driven(mainly business driven))
Sector Specific Detail Sector Specific Detail goods items, order goods items, order line line items ...items ...
Document Function SpecificDocument Function Specific(Free Text Area)(Free Text Area)
UN Layout Key (UNLK)UN Layout Key (UNLK)
A standard and template for aligning international A standard and template for aligning international trade documentstrade documents
Rec:19 Mode of Transport
Rec:16UN/Locode
ISO Country Code
Rec: 17Payment Terms
Rec:9Currency Code
Rec:20 Units of Measurement
Rec: 28Means of Transport
Commodity Code
Rec: 21Package Codes
United Nations Trade Data Elements Directory: ISO 7372
• Developed to provide a Directory to facilitate open interchange of data in international trade
• Standard data element names with description of meaning (data value) and a specification of character representation
• Fully consistent with UN/EDIFACT
• Multimodal & multisectoral
• Technology & syntax independent
• ebXML Core Components Technical Specification compliant
Standards: UNTDED
• Over 200 standard messages for global trade• Customs (Source: EU-TAXUD):
– 175 Million Customs Declarations per year• 480‘000 per day• 333 per minute• 5.5 per second
• Fiscal Declarations (Source EDIFICAS, France):– 1987 - 100 companies– 2004 - 1 million companies
• 92% of VAT collected using EDIFACT• 45% of revenues collected by the French Government
• Benefit to the State (Source EDIFICAS, France):– Euros 100M per year
Standards: UN/EDIFACT
Business Process Models Business Requirements Specifications-BRS Requirements Specification Mapping-RSM Core Component Technical Specifications Core Component Libraries Core Component Harmonisation Naming & Design Rules Schema Generation
Standards: ebXML (ISO 15000)
28
Business Requirement SpecificationsAccounting Journal List / Accounting Ledger / Accounting ReportingAccounting in Supply Chain Process / Accounting MessageBoostAero Supply Chain BusinessChart of AccountsCrop Data Sheet Process (eDAPLOS)Cross Industry InvoiceCross Industry QuotationCross Industry Remittance AdviceElectronic Agreement Template and ProcessElectronic Data Exchange Proxye-TenderingExport Specification (eCert)International Forwarding And TransferMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) InformationProject Schedule and Cost Performance ManagementSmall Scaled Lodging House Travel Product InformationSourcing of Market Survey informationTransfer of Digital RecordsTransfrontier Movement of WasteUniversal Accounting Journal Process
• UNEDIFACT - WCO First major adopter– Customs goods declaration - CUSDEC– Cargo report - CUSCAR
• WCO Data Model v3.0– UN/CEFACT participated in Project Team– Government Cross Border Regulatory Message –
GOVCBR– Largest single submission to UN/CEFACT - helps
customs administrations implement, for example, Single Windows
UN/CEFACT and Customs
30
UNECE: Facilitating Trade Flows
Simplified and harmonized trade documents, processes, procedures flows throughout the supply chain
Increased transparency and public/private partnership in the design of trade documents, procedure and processes
31
UNECE: Comprehensive Treatment
InternationalInternational
RegionalRegional
NationalNational
Implementing international standards and best practices at the national level facilitates integration at regional and international levels
Recommendations/ StandardsDevelopment and Maintenance (These are instruments that can be used for compliance with
WTO rules)
Capacity Building(Helping governments elaborate TF strategies, where appropriate in compliance with WTO rules)
Technical Assistance(To implement national strategies -Done by other agencies – UNECE does not provide long term TA)
UNECE -UN/CEFACT
UNECE in partnership with other
organizations
UNCTAD, WB, UNIDO, UNDP, others
WTODevelops rules such as those for minimum transparency, equal treatment and, perhaps in the future, for simplified procedures (however, WTO does not develop the recommendations and
instruments needed for implementation)
33
Thank you
Virginia Cram-Martos
Director Trade and Timber Division
http:/www.unece.org/trade