1USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE Expect: COA Critiquing PSM

EXPECT: A User-Centered Environment for the

Development and Adaptation of Knowledge-Based COA Critiquers

Jim Blythe,Yolanda Gil,Jihie Kim,

Bill Swartout and Andre Valente

Information Sciences Institute

University of Southern California

http://www.isi.edu/expect/expect-homepage.html

{blythe,gil,jihie,swartout,valente}@isi.edu

2USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE Expect: COA Critiquing PSM

Underlying Technology:Support for Knowledge Base Modification

Problem: COA evaluation criteria are never fixed each battle/COA is different user preferences (e.g., what the commander wants)

Approach: provide knowledge acquisition tools to adapt and extend a knowledge base of evaluation criteria Use EXPECT as a framework for developing and

maintaining COA critiquing systems provide an ontology of standard COA evaluation criteria

Benefits: users can adapt initial set of evaluation criteria to their

situation users can add new evaluation criteria as needed

3USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE Expect: COA Critiquing PSM

EXPECT: A Framework for Developing Knowledge-Based Systems

Has explicit representations of critiquing knowledge domain knowledge + factual knowledge

– tanks are a reusable resource, ammunition is not, ... problem-solving knowledge:

– to estimate travel time, to check if a constraint is violated, ...

Uses them to derive a knowledge-based system Uses derivation to build model of knowledge interactions in a KBS:

Interdependency Model (IM)– a KBS that estimates the feasibility of a COA checks force ratios

Derived KBS can be compiled for efficiency

General ProblemSolving Methods

DomainOntology & Facts

MethodInstantiator

Domain-specificKnowledge Based

System

InterdependencyModel

4USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE Expect: COA Critiquing PSM

EXPECT’s Knowledge Acquisition Tools

KA tools can support users in extending and maintaining a KBS Uses Interdependency Model to understand how new

knowledge fits in the systemUSER: Add battalion-5 as a new tank battalion

EXPECT: Please specify type of tank used by battalion-5, needed for force ratio critiques.

agenda-based mechanism to correct local problems script-based mechanism to help user complete modifications

[Gil AAAI-94] [Gil & Paris KAJ-95] [Gil & Melz AAAI-96] [Swartout & Gil KAW-95] [Gil & Tallis AAAI-97]

5USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE Expect: COA Critiquing PSM

An Ontology of COA Evaluation Criteria

System begins with knowledge of how to evaluate COAs with respect to standard norms of COA development and typical kinds of resources.

It can guide the user to add new constraints or resources using the default problem-solving methods or through analogy.

The ontology makes integration easier with other critiquers and other planning tools that use it, such as OPIS.

Both a critique ontology and a critiquer output ontology have been developed to support this work.

6USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE Expect: COA Critiquing PSM

Developing COA critiquing tools with EXPECT

COA Evaluation Tool

EXPECT

COA Generation - by user - (semi-)automated - ...

knowledge about COA evaluation+

criteria to evaluate a COA+

HPKB knowledge base

COAs evaluationof the COA

USERUser Interface- agenda-based - comparison matrix - ...

scenario