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Volcanoes 82A

•Genre:•Nonfiction: Expository nonfiction

selection on volcanoes.• Selection Summary:

• Science writer Seymor Simon explains the characteristics of

volcanoes and describes the aftermath of some well-known eruptions.

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Volcanoes 82K

• Background

•This theme is about nature’s power.

•Can anyone name any volcanoes?

• Read 82-83

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Volcanoes•Theme is about nature’s power.

•What are some forces of nature you have read about?

• This story is about Volcanoes (obviously)• Text 82-83

•What are volcanoes?• Volcanoes are openings in the earth’s crust

through which lava and hot gases are ejected.

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Vocabulary 83A

• Transparency 1-18 Practice Book 38

•cinders: charred bits of rock; ashes

•crater: a bowl-shaped depression

•crust: the solid outer layer of earth

•eruption: a volcanic explosion or large flow of lava

• Practice book 38

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Vocabulary (cont) 83A

•lava: hot melted rock that flows from a volcano

•magma: hot melted rock underneath the earth’s surface

•molten: made liquid by heat•summit: the top of a mountain

Vocabulary Link•fissures: long, narrow

openings; cracks•active: able to act or work•ruptures: breaks or bursts•oozes: flows or leaks out slowly•fiery: burning or glowing

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Phonics/Decoding• What are our What are our

Phonics/Decoding SkillsPhonics/Decoding Skills

•These skills are: chunking, affixes, vowel sounds, beginning and ending,

syllables, words you know, word parts, root words, base

words, look carefully.

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Phonics/Decoding 83A

•Ten years after the explosion that formed Surtsey, another volcano erupted near Iceland.• How do we figure out this word? Use

your phonics and decoding skills.

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Reading Strategy 83B

Monitor and Clarify• Seymour Simon gives lots of

information about volcanoes and how they are formed. As you read monitor your understanding, and reread or use the photos and map to clarify.

• Read 84

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Reading Strategy 83B

Monitor and Clarify• The photos show sparks and fiery lava

shooting up from the earth. This spectacular event terrified and fascinated ancient people. The photo helps me understand why the Romans believed that Vulcan, the god of fire, worked at the hot forge, striking sparks as he made swords. This was probably their way of explaining what caused the fiery lava that shoots up from volcanoes.

• To Monitor your understanding, reread or look at photos and graphic aids to help you clarify

anything you don’t understand.

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Comprehension Skill 83C

Trans 1-19 Practice Book 39 Practice Book 39

A A category category is a group of people, is a group of people, animals, things, or ideas that are alike.animals, things, or ideas that are alike.

To classify means to put similar items in groups according to their similarities.Sorting information by categorizing and classifying it helps readers understand and remember what they read. It also helps readers understand the things those categories have in common.

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Decoding Longer WordsWord roots: struct and rupt 105E

The eruption of Mount St. Helens was the most destructive in the history of the U.S.

A word root is a word part that has meaning but is not a word by itself.• Struct

• Means to build• Destructive has

struct in it which means

to destroy• Ex. structure• Ex. instructions

• Rupt• Means to break

• Eruption has rupt in which means a large explosion

• Ex. interrupted• Ex. ruptured

practice book 43

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Phonics 105F

Long Vowel Sounds/o/, /oo/, /yoo/ • Understanding long vowel sounds can help you

decode unfamiliar words.• The letters o-consonant –e, oa, ow, and o can

stand for the /o/ sound ex. blow• The letters u-consonant-e, ue, ew, u, ui, ou, and

oo can stand for the sound /oo/ ex. fruit• The letters u-consonant-e, ue, ew, u, and eau

can stand for the /yoo/ sound ex. new• Ex. The melted or molten, rock is called magma.• Lava began flowing down the mountainside;

there was another episode of rumbling; Scientists are no longer clueless about what happens; The volcano was spewing ash; In a few short months, life renews itself.

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Spelling 105G

/o/ , /oo/ , /yoo/ sounds• /o/ sound

• Stole, boast, thrown, stroll

• bone, toast, thrown, and stroll

• Vowel patterns are o_e, oa, ow, o

• /oo/ , /yoo/ sound• Rule, clue, blew,

choose, cruise, and route

• Rule, clue, blew, tool, cruise, and route

• Vowel patterns are u_e, ue, ew, oo, ui, ou

• PB 44

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Vocabulary Skills 105I

Dictionary: Definitions• Transparency 1-21

•Next to each entry word in the dictionary is at least one definition (explanation of the word’s meaning)

•A sample sentence is often provided to give an example of the word’s meaning in context.

• Practice Book 47

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Grammar Skills 105K

• Singular Nouns•A noun names a

person, place, thing, or idea

•ex. Juan, Texas, truck, beauty

Practice book 48 Transparency 1-23

• Plural Nouns• To form plural nouns add

–s or –es ex. cars• If nouns end with an x,s,

ch, sh, or ss then add –es ex. glasses

• If a noun ends with a consonant + y change the y to an i and add –es ex. berries

• To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, just add s ex. valleys

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More Plural Nouns 105L

• All the children had their own guidebooks.• What are the plural nouns?

• Rules• 1. Some nouns that end with f or fe, the f

changes to a v before –s or –es is added. ex. half - halves

• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es. ex. potatoes

• 2. Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es. ex. children

• 3. Some nouns have the same singular• and plural form. ex. deer• Trans. 1-24 Practice book 49

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Homophones 105R

•Homophones are words that are pronounced the same way but have different meanings and spellings.

•through and threw•would and wood

•red and read

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Sentence Fragment

• Sentence fragments are sentences that are missing a subject or a

predicate.• Ex. The big, hairy, ugly dog.• Ex. Swam all night in the cold, dark

pool.• A complete sentence needs

a subject and a predicate.• ex. The dog ran.

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Analogies 105R

• Analogies compare one pair of words with another pair. The

words in the second pair should be related in the same way as the

words in the first pair.• Apple is to fruit as red is to

• color• Ground is to walk as water is to

• swim

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Science Connections

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Information and Study Skills• Maps and Globes: compass rose- for directions; map key for symbolizing land

features; map scale for distances.• Political maps: show political divisions• Specialized maps may focus on categories

such as vegetation or population.• Charts are a graphic aid used to compare

or contrast things.• Tables and graphs • Transparency 1-20

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Information and Study Skills

• Use tables to find information• Use a graph to find information• Locate sites and interpret

information on map• Caption tells more about the table or

graph.

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Spelling Test• 1. thrown• 2. stole• 3. clue• 4. dew• 5. choose• 6. rule• 7. boast• 8. cruise• 9. stroll• 10. route

• 11. mood • 12. loaf• 13. growth• 14. youth• 15. slope• 16. bruise• 17. loose• 18. rude• 19. flow• 20. flute

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Challenge Words

• subdue

• pursuit

• molten

• reproach

• presume

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Study guide for the test

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United Streaming Videos

• Expository writing• Long o, oo, yoo sounds• Singular and plural nouns• Homophones• analogies