Warm-up #8.1 (12.3)1. Why did Kublai

Khan favor Mongols and foreigners for government jobs?

2. Which Mongolian practice did Kublai Khan end?

3. What did the kamikaze do for Japan?

1. They did not have local loyalties

2. Nomadic way of life

3. Stopped the Mongol invasion

The Muslim World Expands

(1300-1700)

Chapter 18

Section 1 – Ottomans Build an Empire

Turks Move to ByzantiumThe Anatolian Turks

saw themselves as ghazis (warriors for Islam)Formed strict societies

under Islamic lawTargeted non-Islamic

societiesOsman will be the

most powerful of the ghazis (where the name Ottoman comes from)

Ottoman Empire GrowsReasons for success:

gunpowder (muskets and cannons)

Acted kind to conquered people (improved most people’s lives)

Osman’s son declares himself sultan (“overlord”) in 1361 and destroys the 2nd greatest Byzantine city

Brief interruption in early 1400s by Timur the Lame (Central Asian)

Mehmed IIWith Timur turned back,

Ottoman sons fight for control (Mehmed I wins)

Mehmed II takes power in 1451 and attacks Constantinople in 1453Brilliant strategy

allowed them to take the city

He will invite in many of all religions & backgrounds to rebuild the city (renames it Istanbul)

Ottoman’s Take Religious Cities

Mehmed’s grandson (Selim) sought to continue expansion.

Went south into the Middle East where he captures Mecca, Medina, and Cairo.

Suleyman the Magnificent(1520)Took the Ottoman

Empire to its peak. rules for 46 years

Great military leaderExpands the empire

in all three regions (Europe, Middle East, and Africa)

Controlled the eastern Mediterranean

Organization of Suleyman Perhaps Suleyman’s greatest

achievement was the social structure he created Legal code for criminal and

civil issues Simplified taxes Used the devshirme (boys

from conquered Christian lands) to create elite fighters (janissaries)

Brightest could rise in the ranks Left conquered people to

govern themselves (especially “People of the Book”)

Under Suleyman, architecture, the arts, and literature will all flourish

The Empires DeclineSuleyman had

killed/driven off his two most able sons

His 3rd son took power but was weak

Began a practice that insured incompetent leadersNew leader would kill

his brothers and keep his children locked away

Complete the Chapter 18 – Section 1 WorksheetPage 507

Complete the Chapter 18 CrosswordBegin working on “Global Interactions” USA

TestPrep QuizDUE FRIDAY

And now…

Warm-up #8.2 (18.1)4. How were ghazis and

janissaries similar?5. What was the purpose

of the devshirme?6. What did Mehmed II do

after conquering Constantinople?

7. Which Ottoman leader is known for bringing the Arabian peninsula under Ottoman control?

4. They were warriors

5. Turn Christian boys into Muslim soldiers

6. Opened the city to people from different cultures

7. Suleyman the Magnificent

Section 2 – Cultural Blending

Patterns of Blending: CausesMigrationPursuit of

religious freedom or conversion

TradeConquest

Societies that are expanding, like the Ottomans, often are the result of all but migration

Patterns of Blending: ResultsLanguageReligionGovernment StylesRacial blendingArts and Education

Case Study: The SafavidsNamed after their

greatest leader, the Safavids inhabited the Iranian region of the Middle East in the 15th centuryBecame a home to Shi’a

MuslimsBuild a huge army to

protect against conquestEventually used that

army to attack enemies

Isma’ilThe 12 year old

military leader conquered most of what is now Iran in 1499.Used the title of Shah

(king)Made Shi’a Islam the

state religionExecuted non-converts

and Sunni MuslimsThe Ottomans (Sunni)

will execute the Shi’a in response

Safavid Golden AgeUnder Shah Abbas (1587),

the government was reformed and a golden age was entered 2 militaries, both loyal to

him Punished corruption Merit based promotion Used religious tolerance

to promote tradeHe takes the best from

different cultures at the time Ottomans/Europeans :

technology Persians : literature and

language

A Quick CollapseJust like the

Ottoman Empire, Shah Abbas, the greatest Safavid leader, made the worst mistake: he blinded or killed his best sonsAn incompetent

grandson took power and the collapse was quick

Finish the Chapter 18 CrosswordI will check on these at the end of class

Begin working on “Global Interactions” USA TestPrep QuizDUE TOMORROW

Work on the Unit 2B Study GuideUnit 2B Notebook (due Tuesday)

Study GuideNotesVocab (Chapters 11, 12, 18)Worksheets (Chapters 11, 12, 18)

And now…

Section 3: The Mughal Empire

Mughal HistoryMughals were

descendants of the Mongols that had stayed in India

The region had been through centuries of war between Hindus and Turkish Muslims (Mughals) with the Indus being the dividing lineAround 1000, Sultan

Mahmud (Muslim) devastated India. This began the…

Delhi Sultanate33 sultans ruled for 300 years of

disorganization in IndiaDelhi was the capital but the people were very

dividedIn 1494, Babur becomes the leader of one of

the northern kingdomsHis leadership lays the foundation for defeating

the Sultanate

Akbar (1556-1605): RulingGrandson of Babur, he was

known for ruling with wisdom and tolerance

Military Empowered conquered

militaries to keep them to turn enemies into allies

Ruling Encouraged cultural

blending (married Hindus, a Christian, and a Muslim)

Used a bureaucracy made up of a variety of people

His merging of different religions will become known as the Divine Faith

Akbar blends culturesAs the Mughal

Empire expanded, Akbar welcome outside cultures

Arts and literature were also greatly advanced under Akbar

Jahangir (1605-27)Akbar’s son allowed

his wife, Nur Jahan (also a Persian princess), to rule

The prince that was supposed to rule rebelled too soon and was forced to flee to the SikhsTheir leader will be

tortured to death and they become a target of hatred for the Mughals

Shah Jahan (1628-58)Paranoid about

competition, he killed all possible rivals

Had 2 passionsBeautiful buildingsHis wifeResult:

Taj Mahal was built as a memorial for her early death (1631) as a result of her 14th child

While he was building impressive structures, his people were suffering

Aurangzeb (1658-1707)Shah Jahan’s death led to a

fight between his four sons for control. 3rd son, Aurangzeb, wonKilled the oldest brother and

imprisoned his dad for the 3 years it took for him to die.

During his 50 year rule, he expands the Mughal Empire to its greatest size but power declinedOppressed the people and

increased taxesIntolerant of non-MuslimsHis people starved while he

waged war

The fall of the MughalsAurangzeb’s horrible

policies + military campaigns drained the resources of the empire.Local leaders became

more powerfulThe non-violent Sikhs

turn into a militant group

While technically in control, the Mughals had no real authority. By the late 1600s, Europeans were starting to invade