1

Windows 2003 Products family

(Week 3, Monday 1/22/2007)

© Abdou Illia, Spring 2007

2

Learning Objective

Understand basic functions of OS Describe features of Windows Server 2003 Detail differences between Windows 2003

product family members

3

Operating Systems? System software routines that sits between

application programs and hardware to provide: Interface function Key support services

User

Application program

Operating system

Hardware

Interfaces

User communicates w/App. Prg. App. Prg communicates w/OS OS communicates w/Hardware All App. Prg access Hardware

through OS according to rules imposed by OS

Examples of support services:-Communications w/peripheral devices

-Launching a program-Copying a file

-Creating a directory-Opening a file

4

OS: Primary components

User interface (shell)

File management

Device management

Processor (or process)

management

Memorymanagement

Communication services

Shell Provides mechanism for user and App. Prg to communicates w/OS and request OS support

File management Allows the user to create, delete, modify, and manipulate files.

Device management Controls communications w/peripheral devices

Processor management Manages processor’s time

Memory management Manages system’s memory

Communication services Manages comm. Between OS layers and intercomputer communications.

5

OS at work

Shell

File management

Device management

Hardware

Operating system’s

layers

OpenApplication

program layer

Steps for opening a file1. User select File/Open from menu

2. App. Prg. calls the Open routine in the OS’s Shell

3. Shell passes the Open request to File management layer

4. File management layer determines where the requested file is located

5. If file on local computer, request is passed to Device management layer

6. Device management communicates with Hardware layer.

Linecommandinterface

Graphical Userinterface

Voice-activatedinterface

Other OS layers

Operating SystemUser interface layer

6

Common Features Multiprocessing

Ability to support multiple processors (CPUs)Can simultaneously run as many processes (or threads)

as there are CPUsAdministrator can adjust priority levels to give preferred

applications more processor time.

Processor

RAM

Cache

Processor

Cache

Dual CPU System

7

Common Features (Cont.) Multithreading

A code design in which individual tasks can operate as separate executable modules called threads*.

Multiple applications (and multiple threads) can be active, but technically, only one thread can be processed at a time in a Single-CPU system

Switching between treads happens so quickly that multiple applications seem to be running at the same time.

Single CPU System* Multi-Thread applications Versus Single-Tread applications

Thread 2

Thread 3

Thread 4

....

Thread 1

Threads beingprocessed

Active Threads

Thread 2

Thread 3

Thread 4

…

8

Common Features (Cont.) Multitasking: Processing multiple tasks simultaneously

Cooperative MultitaskingA mode of CPU operation in which individual applications

take control over the CPU as long as they like.

Could lead to a hung system, should an application fails to release control over the CPU.

Preemptive MultitaskingA mode of CPU operation in which the OS maintains strict

control over how long any thread can take possession of the CPU.

9

Windows XP/2003 Family

Workstation A

Workstation B Workstation CServer

A family of Operating Systems from Microsoft: Windows XP Client Operating Systems Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition Windows Server 2003, DataCenter Edition Windows Server 2003, Web Edition

10

Windows XP Product Family XP Professional: optimized for 32-bit processors XP 64-bit Edition: optimized for 64-bit processors XP Media Center Edition: optimized to maximize users’

experience with video, audio, images, TV, CD/DVD playback XP Tablet PC Edition: improved speech and pen capabilities XP Home Edition. Same as XP Professional, but doesn’t

support: Encryption File System (EFS), Domain Client capability, Offline files, Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Remote Desktop, Internet Information Service.

Win XP Professional Features

11

Windows Server 2003 FeaturesS

tandard Edition

Enterprise E

dition

12

Windows Server 2003 FeaturesD

ataCenter E

ditionW

eb Edition

13

Other Windows 2003 versions Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003

Released in June 2006 Designed for computers to be clustered together to

achieve supercomputing speeds

Windows Storage Server 2003 Optimized for file and print sharing and for Storage

Area Network (SAN)

Windows Home Server Announced on January 7, 2007 at the Consumer

Electronics Show by Bill Gates For homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file

sharing, automated backups, and remote access Source: wikipedia.org

14

Features in Windows 2003 Active Directory (AD) services Enhanced security (using Kerberos and IPSec) Encrypting file system (EFS) Fault-tolerance (disk, configuration errors recovery, etc.) Clustering and Network Load balancing support System Resource Management FAT32, NTFS, CDFS*, UDF* support

* CD File System and Universal Disk Format for storing files on optical media

15

Difference between Win XP/2003 OS

Common OS functions

No Disk Fault-tolerance

Good for managing a network with a few computers in a Workgroup

Disk Fault-Tolerance

Active Directory

Clustering

Network Load-Balancing

Standard & Web Enterprise Edition

DataCenter Edition

Win XP/2000Professional

Workstation OS Network Operating systems

16

Disk fault tolerance

Fault tolerance achieved through disk redundancy Disk redundancy can be accomplished:

by installing backup disk Through Software RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

The OS manages the disks of the array through normal disk controller Through Hardware RAID

Requires a special-purpose RAID controller

RAID’s basic idea is To mirror a disk (i.e. to have a disk and its identical image) or To spread (or strip) data across many disks

Server’s capability to continue functioning in case of disk failure

RAID Controller

Server

Disk1

Disk3

Disk1

17

RAID

File

RAID 0 Strips data across multiple disk No redundancy Advantage: Fast data access through multiple reads Disadvantage: Loosing one disk results in loosing data on all disks

RAID 1 Doesn’t strip data across many disk Mirrors data between two disks Data kept synchronized between two disks Advantage: Fault-tolerance, i.e. If one disk fails, the other continue working until failed disk can be replaced Disadvantage: Only half of available storage space is used.

Note: RAID 1 is called Mirrored volumes in W2003 Server implementation of RAID

File

18

RAID

RAID 3 Spreads data across multiple disks and uses ECC bits for recovery purpose in case of problem ECC bits determined based on data stored on data disks If one data disk fails, disk controller automatically regenerates missing data

Data spread across these disks

Last disk contains ECC* data for

disks 1-4

* Error Checking and Correcting

Note: RAID 3 is called RAID-5 volumes in W2003 Server implementation of RAID

19

W2003 Disk-Fault tolerance

C: G:Ftdisk.sys

Data

Mirrored volume

Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

Parity

RAID-5 volume

Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3

20

Directory Service Provides: Single login and Resource lookup.

21

Active Directory Central Database that store information about all Network resources Tools for performing central management of users, groups, security

services, and network resources (create, find, add, remove, configure etc.)

Win 2000 Pro Workstation

Win 2000 Pro Workstationuser

groupWin NT server

Printer

Security PoliciesWin 2000 Server

Win 98 Workstation

Active Directory

Domain Controller

Central Database used for: Resource lookup (Searching for specific resources) User authentication (login)

22

Active Directory Individual resources are called objects Objects belong to a Classes Each Class has its own attributes & properties

User accounts Computers Printers Domains

Object classes

• Object name• Object unique Identifier• Required attributes• Optional attributes• Parent relationship

• Username• User’s full name• Password

• Account description• Remote access OK

user

Username: JohnFull mane: Johnny DoePassord: 12#$msDescription: Consultant in Sales depart.

23

Clustering

Server Server

HubHub

Virtual server167.10.11.5

SharedFolder- Web service- Email service

Win 2000 Pro WorkstationWin 98 Workstation

External Disk

Technique for providing uninterrupted service (even in case of hardware/software failure)

Combining two or more servers into one virtual server Services installed on external storage Users connect to the virtual server (167.10.11.5 in illustration) One of the clustered servers provides the service at a time

24

Network Load Balancing

Hub

Network Load balancing = Distributing the load among multiple servers No use of External disk that contain the services Multiple independent servers configured to participate in the load balancing Same service with the same content on each server Users connect to the virtual server (167.10.11.5 in illustration) Users’ requests are redirected to one server at a time so that the load is distributed

among all the servers

Server

Webservice

Server

Webservice

Server

Webservice

Server

Webservice

Server

Webservice

Virtual server167.10.11.5

25

Summary QuestionsTechnically, more than one executable module (thread) can run at the same time in a single CPU system.

T F

Preemptive Multitasking refers to mode of CPU operation in which individual applications take control over the CPU as long as they like

T F

Software RAID requires a RAID controller, whereas Hardware RAID can be implemented with a conventional disk controller

T F

A server with a Hardware RAID 0 type of disk system that includes three physical disks cannot provide disk fault-tolerance

T F

Two physical disks are usually used to implement hardware RAID 1 or software RAID 1, but it could be implemented using a single disk

T F

With Network Load Balancing, the service is installed on an external disk to which all participating servers are connected

T F

A Windows Server 2003 Web Edition system could not be a domain controller in a network with Active Directory services installed.

T F

26

Summary Questions Which of the following is a Workstation OS?

a) Windows XP Professional

b) Windows 2000 Professional

c) Windows 2003 DataCenter

d) Windows Me

You are setting up a network for a company. The major concern of the company’s CEO is being able to provide (1) a continuous database service to its 300 employees as well as (2) a reliable web-based ordering service to its customers all around the world whatever happens.

a) What feature(s) found in Windows 2003 family products could help the company to provide uninterrupted database and ordering services? Explain.

b) Which Microsoft Windows 2003 operating system will you use to implement the two services? Why?

27

Summary Questions Which of the following Windows Server 2003 OS could

be used to implement clustering with four nodes?a) Windows Server 2003, Web Edition

b) Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition

c) Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition

d) Windows Server 2003, DataCenter Edition

28

I2O Architecture

I2O = Intelligent Input/Output Moves some I/O processing activities from

CPU to processors on peripherals designed for I2O architectures (e.g. Hard drives)

One general device driver for all I2O-compliant devices

Increased speed

Win 2000Kermel

OS Service Module Hardware Device Module

I2O Adapter with processor

29

Disk Contention architecture Disk Contention: # of simultaneous

Read/Write requests Could be handled through the design of disk

storage Primary design issues:

Disk Access Time (≤10 ms)Data Transfer Rate (in MBps)Type of Disk Controller (IDE, SCSI, Fiber Channel)

Disk DriveDisk Controller

Server