10 11 fYa%‚ - edupub.gov.lk

isxy, idys;H ix.%yh

10 - 11 fYa%‚

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ii

m<uqjk uqøKh 2014

fojk uqøKh 2015

f;jk uqøKh 2016

isõjk uqøKh 2017

miajk uqøKh 2018

yhjk uqøKh 2019

y;ajk uqøKh 2020

ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs

ISBN 978-955-25-0381-8

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska mdk¿j" mdÿlal msysá rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ

uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'

Published by: Educational Publications DepartmentPrinted by: State Printing Corporation, Panaluwa, Padukka.

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Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/¢ w;sfidanudk ,xld

OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd

wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d

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tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd

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fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r od kfuda kfuda ud;d


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kshdukh yd wëlaIKh ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"


fufyhùu ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia îxj¾Ok&


iïnkaëlrKh m%.S;sld chfialr

ksfhdacH flduidßiaa


ixialdrl uKav,h

chka; wurisxy uydpd¾h

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mS' tA' ã' rejks isiscd iyldr lÓldpd¾h

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

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NdId yd udkj Ydia;% wxYh

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tÉ'Ô' iqis,a isßfiak fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h

wOHdmk úoHd mSGh" ydmsá.u

m%.S;sld chfialr ksfhdacH flduidßia


NdId ixialrKh

mQcH w.,lv isßiquk ysñ uydpd¾h

fld<U úYajúoHd,h

vii

f,aLl uKav,h

mqIamd l¿wdrÉÑ .=re WmfoaYsld

l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" r;akmqr

tï' tA' tA' mS' u,a,jwdrÉÑ .=re WmfoaYl

fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" ksljeráh

fla' ù' ã' iS' tka' wfíisxy .=re fiajh

.sß$ oUfo‚h uyd úoHd,h" oUfo‚h

fidaÿm;a lshùu

ch;a mshoiqka

msgljr ks¾udKh

fÊ' tÉ' ufkdaßld m%shx.kS wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

tia' ù' Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fÊ' tÉ' ufkdaßld m%shx.kS wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fk,ald m%idÈkS wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

viii

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mgqk

msgq wxl

1 i;r lka uka;%Kh 1

2 .=;a;s, fjK ko 19

3 ydkd ySh mdkd w`vyefrka oefka 39

4 neoafoa.u 43

5 uqks isßmd isôñkafka 55

6 .x.dfõ ix.S;h 59

7 f,k w;yer hEu 62

8 w`.=,au,a oukh 70

9 W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;ayqf.a jia;=j 79

10 lEr.,h jecfUhs fï f,iska isg''' 84

11 u. úis;=re 89

12 l=ryka bisuqj l¿jr n,d,d 97

13 wmg jeisls<shla 99

14 Èhuka;s ud,h 110

15 oEf;a lr.eg isU ikikakg''' 122

16 jiaidkh 125

Wm.%ka:h

² isxy, idys;H b;sydih ieflúka 128

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ixialdrl igyk

2015 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul ùug kshñ; kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, j iïmdokh

lr we;s fuu 10-11 fY%a‚ isxy, idys;H ix.%yh fm<fmd;" w;S;fha isg j¾;udkh

olajd úúO f,aLlhka úiska iïmdokh flreKq ks¾udKd;aul idys;H lD;sj,ska

Wmqgd .ekqKq WoaOD; we;=<;a idys;Huh WoaOD; iuqÉphlska iukaú; h' cd;sl

wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska ks¾ÈIag tu idys;Huh WoaOD;j,g wÞ< ixlaIsma;

úia;rhla fyda ks¾udKfha l¾;D ms<sn| ye¢kaùula o fuu fmdf;a wka;¾.; fõ'

fuys mdvï wkqms<sfj< cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska iïmdÈ; mdvï wkql%uhg

wkql+, j ilia lr we;'

fuu fm<fmdf;a we;=<;a idys;Huh WoaOD; bf.kSfï § jeo.;a jk iïNdjH

isxy, idys;Hh ms<sn| ft;sydisl úia;rhla ieflúka fmd; wjidkfha Wm

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isxy, idys;H lD;sj,ska Wmqgd .;a WoaOD;j, we;eï ÿrjfndaO fhÿï i|yd w¾:

meyeÈ,s lsÍï we;=<;a lr ;sîu Tnf.a wOHhk ld¾hhg myiqjla fj;ehs wfmalaId

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Tfí .=rejrhdf.a u. fmkaùu iys; j fuu idys;Huh WoaOD; yÞrd isxy, idys;Hh

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ùug;a Tng yels jkq we;' tfuka u idys;H mßYS,kfhka ,nk Ôú; mß×kh

Tfí u;= Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSug o bjy,a fõjd hkak wmf.a m%d¾:khhs'

fuu fmdf;a we;=<;a f,aLkj, uq,a l¾;Djrekag wmf.a m%Kduh msßkuk w;r

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mKaä; mrdl%undyq rc oji ùrisxy m%;srdc kue;s weue;sjrhdf.a wkq.%yfhka

isxy,hg k.d we;s nj lshefõ' fï i|yd uQ,dY%h fldg .;a .%ka:h jkafka md,s

cd;lÜGl:dj hs'

isxy, mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; uq,a lD;sfhys Rcq mßj¾;khla fkd fõ' cd;l

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fldgi olakg fkd ,eîu;a" w;S; l;dj wLKavj bÈßm;a lsÍu;a isxy, cd;l

l;d fmdf;ys ,laIK fõ' ‘mkaish mkia cd;l l;d fmd;’ f,i ye¢kajQj o

tys ienúka u we;af;a cd;l l;d 547ls'

isxy, cd;l l;djkag kshñ; wdlD;shla olakg we;' tA wkqj"

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cd;lh" t¿ Wuxodj" Wïuoka;s cd;lh tn÷ .%ka: lSmhls' uqjfoõodj;" iiodj; yd

lõis¿ñK cd;l l;d weiqfrka rÑ; .S ldjH hs' ldjHfYaLrh" .=;a;s, ldjHh"

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cd;lh" ksñ cd;lh" lõñ‚ fldf~d," lõñ‚ u,a ou wdÈh o cd;l fmd;

weiqfrka ìys jQ ldjH .%ka: hs'

Wïu.a. cd;lh rpkd lsÍfï wruqK ù we;af;a ufy!IO mç;=udf.a nqoaê uysuh

m%ldY lsÍu hs' cd;l l;d w;r §¾>;u l;dj jk fuys ufy!IO m`ä;=ud l=vd

wjêfha isg ish kqjK fufyhjd lghq;= lrk wdldrh;a rcqg fiajh lsÍfï §

i;=re l=uka;%K mrod rdcHh yd cSú; fírd .ekSug WmdhYS,Sj lghq;= lrk

wdldrh;a úia;r flf¾' ta ch.%yKh ,nkafka lsis ÿ cSú; ydkshla isÿ fkd jk

wdldrhg ùu fuys úfYaI;ajhls' Wïu.a. cd;lfha tk i;r lka uka;%Kfha

isg O¾u hqoaOh f;la fldgi fï mdvug we;=<;a fõ'

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t iufhys W;a;r m[apd, kqjr n%yauo;a; kï rÊcqre flfkla rdcHh flfr;s'

tA rÊcqrejkg flajÜg kï nuqKq flfkla w¾:fhka O¾ufhka wkqYdikd

lrkakdy' W! ;=uQ kqjKe;a;dy" úh;a;dy' tA flajÜgdpdß tla ojila ;=uQ w¨hï

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jQ iïm;a ±l" ‘fï udf.a hii ljqreka ika;l foda fyda’ hs is;kakdyq ‘wfkla

flfkl=ka ika;l fkd fjhs¦ pQ,kS n%yauo;a; kï rÊcqrejka ika;l h' fun÷

iïm;a ÿka rÊcqrejka ish¨ oUÈjg w. rc lf<d;a hym;' t fia jqj fyd;a uu;a

w.% mqfrdays; fjñ’ hs is;d" WoEikla fia u rÊcqrejka iómhg f.dia ? oji

iqjfhka ks¢ ,;a mßÈ úpdrd" “foajhka jykai" fldg-msh hq;= l:dfjla we;”hs

lSy' rÊcqrefjda" “lshj" wdpdÍks” hs lSy' “foajhka jykai" we;=¿ kqjr § ryia

lshkakg fkdms<sjk' uÕ=,a Whkg hïy” hs lSy' rÊcqrefjda “hym; wdpdÍks” hs

lshd nuqKka yd iu. Whkg f.dia" fiakdj msg; isgqjd jg fldg rlj,a ,jd

nuqKka yd iu. we;=¿ Whkg jeo uÕ=,a i,a jfgys yqkay'

.srd mKaä;fhda fï l%shdj ±l" ‘fï tla ldrKhla jqj uekej' wo mKaä;hka

jykafiag lsh hq;= lsisjla wiñ’ hs Whkg jeo" uÕ=,a i,a .i fld< w;r ieÕù yqkay'

rÊcqrefjda nuqKdKkag" “lsh hq;= ryia lshj" wdpdÍks” hs lSy' “foajhka jykai"

kqU jykafiaf.a lk uE;g kud j uekej' fï uka;%Kh i;r lka uka;%Kh kï

jkafka h' tA fyhska kqU jykafiaf.a fo lk yd uf.a fo lk uq;a wfkla lklg

fkdhd hq;= jkafka h' bÈka foajhka jykai" ud lSjd lrk fiala kï ish¨ oUÈjg

kqU jykafia w. rc fldg ,ñ” hs lSy' pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda o uy;a jQ

rdcH f,daNfhka hqla; neúka nuqKkaf.a nia wid i;=gq je" “lshj wdpdÍks" f;dm

lSjdla flfró” hs lSy'

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.kqïy' uu l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg jeo" tA kqjr rÊcqrejkg" ‘foajhks" f;dm yd

wm yd igka fldg ldßfhla ke;s¦ yqfola wm k;= jj' f;dmf.a rdcHh f;dmg u

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mrÿj’ hs lshñ' bÈka ud lS f,i fkdfldf<da kï" igka fldg w,a,d f.k urd

mshd Wkaf.a fiakdj;a yer f.k wfkla kqjrlg hïy' tA kqjr;a tfia u hg;a

fldg f.k" bka wfkla kqjfrle hs fï ieáfha u ish¨ oUÈj rdcHh f.k ‘ch

mdkh wkqNj lrïy’ hs lshd tla ishhla rcorejka wmf.a kqjrg f.kZjq;a Whke §

rd uKav,hla idod Wka yeu fokd ‘rd fndkakg he’ hs rd ueç,af,a ys÷jd,d úI

fhdod lrk ,oaod jQ rd wkqNj lrjd Wka yeu fokd u Ôú; úkdYhg muqKqjd

.Õ Èhg oud tla ishhla rdcOdksfhys rdcHh w;a m;a fldg .kqïy' t fia l,ays

kqU jykafia ish¨ oUÈjg w. rc jk fiale” hs lSy' rÊcqrefjda “hym; wdpdÍks"

f;dm lS f,i u flfró” lSy' “foajhka jykai" fï uka;%Kh i;r lka uka;%Kh

2

kï fjhs¦ wfkla flkl=ka o; fkd yelafla h' tfia fyhska l,a fkdhjd hym;a

kelef;lska jyd kslauqKq uekeje” hs lSy' rÊcqrefjda “hym;e” hs .súiaidy'

.srd fmda;lfhda ta uka;%Kh wid ksujd" Wka fofokd uka;%Kh fldg wka;fhys §"

id,af,l ,d,d md;g ndk flkl=ka fuka flajÜg nuqKd ysie j¾pia ms~la fy<d"

‘lsfula ±’ hs lg o,ajd f.k Wv neÆ ;eke;a;jqkaf.a uqLfha keje; j¾pia ms~la

fy<d" “l%Ska” hk wkqlrKfhka y~ñka fld<’;af;ka Wv ke`.S" “flajÜgh" f;da

;udf.a uka;%Kh i;r lka uka;%K he hs is;hs o@ oeka u ilka je .sfha h'

keje; wg lklg f.dia" miq j fkdfhla ish lklg hkafka he” hs lSy' .srjd

“fld," .kqj” hs lshoa§ u mjkg n÷ jQ fõ.fhka mshdir fldg ñhq¨ kqjrg f.dia

ufy!IO mKaä;hka jykafiaf.a m%didohg jkay'

tA .srd mKaä;hkaf.a fu n÷ jf;la we;af;a h' bÈka lsis f;fklska f.kd yiakla

mKaä;hka jykafiag muKla lsh hq;= ù kï Wka jykafiaf.a oirejg niakdy¦

bÈka wurd foaùkq;a weiqj ukd ù kï welfhys f.dia ys¢kdy¦ bÈka fndfyda fokd

weiqj ukd ù kï ìug niakdy' tojia .srd mKaä;fhda mKaä;hka jykafiaf.a

oirefjys nei Wkay' tA i,l=fKka" ‘ryie ì‚h hq;= he’ hs wurd foaùka yd

fndfyda fok bj;aj .shy' mKaä;hka jykafia iqj fmda;lhka yer f.k u;=

ud,a ;,hg ke`.S" ‘in|" f;dm úiska l=ula olakd ,o o¦ l=ula wik ,o ±’ hs úpd<

fial' blaì;s .srd mKaä;fhda fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiag" “uu" foajfhks" ish¨

oUÈj wfkla rÊcqre flkl=ka iómfhka lsis Nhla fkd Èáñ' W;a;r mxpd, kqjr

pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejkaf.a flajÜg kï mqfrdays;hdfKda rÊcqrejka Whkg

f.k f.dia" i;r lka uka;%Khla l<y' uu uÕ=,a i,a .ie w;a;la we;=f<a ieÕeù

ys|" uka;%Kh wid ksujd f.k flajÜg nuqKd lge j¾pia ms~la fy<d mshd

wdó” hs lshd ish¨ ;uka ÿgq foh;a weiQ foh;a mKaä;hkg ±kajQy' Wka jykafia

úiska —rÊcqrefjda .súiafida ±” hs úpd< l,ays" “.súiakd ,o he" foajfhks” hs lSy'

mKaä;hka jykafia .srd fmda;lhkg l< ukd i;aldr fldg fyj;a ófhka yekQ

ú,| ljd" ó meka fmdjd" fí;a f;,ska mshd iÕ< ue~" fudf<dla we;sß,s w;=rk

,o rka ueÈßfhys i;mamd" “flajÜghd ud ufy!IO mKaä; nj fkd oks;Ss” hs

is;ñ' “±ka Tyq l< uka;%Kh uqÿka meñK fkd foñ” hs is;d" we;=¿ kqjr yqka

È<s÷ka msg;a lrjd msá kqjr ,ejQ fial' msá ráka okjqj,ska i;r jdi, kshï .ï

i;ßka jia;%dNrK OkOdkHd§ka iuDoaO jQ biqreu;=ka f.kajd we;=¿ kqjr jeiajQ

fial¦ fndfyda OkOdkH /ia lrjQ fial'

pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda o flajÜghkaf.a nia f.k" yia;HYajdÈ fikÕ msßjrd

f.dia tla l=vd kqjrla jg,d .;ay' flajÜg nuqKq ;ud hg lS ieáfha u l=reì,sfhka

we;=¿ kqjrg jeo ldrKdldrK tA rÊcqrejkg lshd ;uka jiÕ fldgf.k"

fo fiakdj tla fldgf.k wfkla kqjfrl rÊcqrejkehs fu fia pQ,kS n%yauo;a;

rÊcqrefjda flajÜgdpdÍkaf.a wjjdofhys isg tA fõfoay rÊcqrejka ;nd fiiq ish¨

oUÈj rc orejka ;uka k;= l<y' fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia úiska tA tA rÊcqrejka

iómfhys isgqjk ,o mqreIfhda o" “n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka úiska wo jlg fuf;la 3

kqjr .kakd ,o" mKaä;hka jykai" fkdmud jk fialaj” hs lshd ksrka;rfhka

yiqka tjkakdy' Wka jykafia o tA fhdaOhkg" “uu fuys mudjla ke;af;ñ' f;ms

Wlg,S fkd je fkdmud je jij” hs lshd hjk fial'

n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda i;a yjqreÿ i;a uia i;a ojfilska fõfoay rÊcqrejkaf.a rdcHh

;nd fiiq oUÈj rdcHhka f.k flajÜg nuqKkg" “wdpdÍks" ñhq¨ kqjr fõfoay

rÊcqrejkaf.a rdcHh .kqïy” hs lSy' “foajhka jykai" ufy!IO mKaä;hka jik

kqjr rdcHh .kakg fkdfmdfydi;=ïy' tA mKaä;fhda jkdys fu n÷ kqjKe;a;dy'

b;d u Wmdhjka;hy” hs" fu fia tA flajÜg nuqKq wdpdß úia;r fldg" i|

u~f,ys w|kd flkl=ka fuka uy fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a .=K rÊcqrejkg lSy'

tA wdpdß ;=uQ;a Wmdhj;ayq u h' tfia fyhska “ñhq¨ kqjr rdcHh kï b;d iaj,am h'

ish¨ oUÈj rdcHh wmg iEfyhs' tla rdcHhlska wmg ldßh lsï ±@” hs Wmdfhka

rÊcqrejka .súiaiQy' fiiq rc orefjda “wms ñhq¨ kqjr rdcHh f.k u ck mdkh

fndïy” hs lshkakd" flajÜg wdpdß Wkqka ldrK lshd j<ld" “fõfoay rdcHh f.k

l=ula lrfuda o@ tA rÊcqrefjda;a wm k;=fjda u h' kj;=j” hs tla ishhla rc orejka

Wmdfhka .súiaiQy' tA rÊcqrefjda flajÜg kï nuqKkaf.a nia wid ñhq¨ kqjrg hk

.uka keje;a;dy' fndai;dKka jykafiag Tn jykafiaf.a pr mqreIfhda" “n%yauo;a;

rÊcqrefjda tla ishhla rc orejka msßjrd ñhq¨ kqjrg kslauqKdyq kej; ;ukaf.a

kqjrg u ke`.S .shy” hs yiqka tjQy' fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia o tA mqreIhkg

“fu ;eka mgka fldg rÊcqrejka lrk l%shdjka ±k tjkafka he” hs lshd kej;

yiqka hejQ fial' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda o flajÜghka yd iu. “úI ñY% iqrd mdkh

wkqNj lrjd rc orejka ueÍï ixLHd; tA lghq;a; ±ka lrïy” hs uka;%Kh

fldg" “wms ch mdkh fndïy” hs lshd" “uÕ=,a Whk k÷ka Whkla fia irid oyia

.Kka l+vïj, rd mqrd ;índ wfkal m%ldr uijq¿ tA tA ia:dkfhys j<ka mqrd /ia

fldg ;nj”hs wud;Hhkag úOdk l<y' t mj;a mKaä;hka jykafiag wka;iair

mqreIfhda lshd hejQy' Tyq jkdys úI fhdod rÊcqrejka urkq leue;s kshdj fkd

oks;s¦ uy fndai;dKka jykafia jkdys .srd fmda;lhka w;ska weiQ neúka okakd

fial' t fia fyhska Wka jykafiaf.a wka;iairhkag “ch mdkh fndk ojia kshu

fldg lshd tjjq” he hs kej; yiqka hejQ fial' tA fhdaOfhda jod< f,i u ojia

kshu fldg hejQy'

tA wid mKä;hka jykafia ‘ud n÷ mKaä; flkl=ka Ôj;a je yskao § u fuf;la

rc orejka ñh hdu hqla; fkdjkafka h' Wkg ud msgqjy,a jqj uek je’ hs is;d"

;uka jykafia yd tl ojie Wmka fhdaOhka oyi nKjd “in¢ks" pQ,ks n%yauo;a;

rÊcqrefjda Whk iryjd tla ishhla rc orejka msßjrd iqrd mdkh wkqNj lrkq

leue;af;da h' f;ms Tn f.dia rÊcqrejkag wiqka mkjdÆ l, lsis flkl=ka

fkdys¢kd ;=re u pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka ys¢kg mekejQ wiakg blaì;s mekejQ

ud weÕs wiakla" ‘wmf.a rÊcqrejkag he’ hs f.k" tA rc orejkaf.a fiakdj úiska"

‘f;ms ljqrekaf.a fiakd ±@’ hs lS l, ‘fõfoay rÊcqrejkaf.a fiakd jïy’ h lshj'

‘lsfula o@ wms i;a yjqreÿ i;a uia i;a ojil uq¿,af,ys oUÈj rdcH .kakfuda"

4

tl ojil=;a fõfoay rÊcqre flkl=ka kqÿgqïy' fõfoay rÊcqrefjda kï ljryq o@

hj" Wkg jqjukd ù kï fl<jr wiakla .kqj’ hs f;dm yd iu`. l,y lrkakdy'

f;ms ‘n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka úkd wmf.a rÊcqrejkag jeä ;rï flfkla ke;e’ hs

l,y jvd f.k" ‘wmf.a rÊcqrejkg wiak muKl=;a fkd,nkakfuda" ±ka f;dm

rd;a msh fkd foïy’ hs ‘uia wjq¿ wdÈh;a lE fkd foïy’ hs jdis fnfKñka

isxy kdo weiQ uqj fmd,a,ka mßoafoka f;dmf.a wNS; Yíofhka u Wka Nh .kajd

huq.=re nd ,d ish¨ rd uia msrE ie<j,a ì| ;+ ;+ fldg mshd jyd rd uia wjq¿

úiqrejd fkd lE yels mßoafoka fldg Èùfuka f.dia fiakd uOHhg jeo" Yl%

mqrhg jka wiqr Nghka mßoafoka uy;a wr., fldg" ‘wms ñhq¨ kqjr ufy!IO

mKaä;hkaf.a fhdaOhïy' ms<sjka ù kï wm w,a,d .kqj’ hs f;dm .sh nj yÕjd

tj” hs lshd fhdaOhka oyi hejQ fial'

tA fhdaOfhda;a fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia jod< nia uqÿkska ms<sf.k je| iuq f.k

ÿkq" uq.=re" wvhá" m;afldfyd,a" mdrdj<¨ he hk m[apdhqO ikakoaO je W;=re

mi,a okjqje kqjrg f.dia k÷ka Whk fuka iryk ,o Whkg jeo" kÕk ,o o<

mq~q fiai;a we;s tla ishhla rdcdik wdÈ jQ ms<sfh, fldg ;nk ,o Y%S úN+;Ska ±l"

uy fndai;dKka jykafia úiska jÞrk ,o l%ufhka u ish,a, fldg fiakd uOHhg

jeo fndfyda fok lafIdaN fldg ;ukaf.a ñhq¨ kqjrg m,d .shy'

ñhq¨ kqjr jg,Eu

pQ,kS rc o ‘tla ishhla rc orejka urk ms‚i YDx.s ,d bÈ lrk ,o fun÷ iqrd mdkh

ufy!IO mKaä;hka úiska ndOd flf<a he’ hs lsmsfha h' tla ishhla rc orefjda o"

‘wmg ch mdkh î .; kqÿkay’ hs lsmsfhda h' fiakdj o" ‘wms fkdñ,fha fndk iqrd

mdkh fkd,oaoïy’ hs lsmshy' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda o tla ishhla rc orejka nKjd"

“tj" mskaj;aks" ñhq¨ kqjr f.dia fõfoay rÊcqrejkaf.a bi ;,ameka m,la u~kd

fia lvqfjka lmd mshd fo mhska ue~ f.k ys| ch mdkh fndïy' fiakdj .ukg

ieriS f.k tk mßoafoka úOdkh lrj” hs lshd kej; ryis.; je flajÜghkg o

t mj;a lshd" “wmf.a fun÷ uka;%Khg ndOd l<d jQ miñ;=rd .kqïy¦ tla ishhla rc

orejka yd wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK fiakdj yd msßjrd tA ñhq¨ kqjrg hïy'

wm yd leá j tj" wdpdÍks” hs lS y' nuqKdfKda ;uka kqjKe;s fyhska ‘ufy!IO

mKaä;hka oE .kakg fkdms<sjk' .sfhd;a wmg uy;a ,Êcd jkakS h' ldrK

lshd rÊcqrejka kj;ñ’ hs is;d" rÊcqrejkag “foajfhks" fï fõfoay rcyqf.a

n,fhla fkd fjhs" ufy!IO mKaä;hkaf.a úOdk he' W! ;=uQ uydkqNdj we;a;dy'

tA ufy!IO mKaä;hka úiska rlakd ,o ñÓ,d kï rdcOdksh isxyhl= úiska rlakd

,o rka .,a .=ydjla mßoafoka fjk lsis flkl=ka úiska .kakg fkdyelalS h'

.sfhd;a yqfola wmg u ,Êcd jkakS h' Tn .uk fkdleue;af;ñ” hs fufialSy'

rÊcqrefjda jkdys rdc udkfhka o biqre uofhka o u;a je oKavlska myrk ,o

i¾m rdchl= fia fldamfhka È,syS" “tA ufy!IOhd l=ula flf¾ oe@” hs lshd"

tfia u wNsudkmqriair jQ tla ishhla rcorejka msßjrd fõrïn jd;fhka

5

ye<,S .sh uyd id.rh fia fldam kue;s jd;fhka ye<,S .sh wgf<dia

wlafI!ys‚hla fiakdfjka hqla; je kslauqKdy' flajÜgfhda o ;ukaf.a

nia rÊcqrejka is;g kxjd .; fkdyS" ‘rÊcqrejkag mgye‚ ùu kï hqla;

fkd fjhs’ is;d" rÊcqrejka yd iu. kslauqKdy'

fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia úiska n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejkaf.a ch mdkh úèjxikh

lrkakg tjk ,oaod jQ oyila fhdaOfhda ;uka wd lghq;= iïmdokh fldg tla

ojiska u rd;%sh uq¿,af,ys f.dia ñhq¨ kqjrg meñK" ;uka l< lghq;= mKaä;hka

jykafiag ±kajQy' m<uq tA tA rÊcqrejka iómhg hjk ,oaod jQ pr mqreIfhda o

mKaä;hka jykafiag" “pQ,kS n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda ‘fõfoay rÊcqrejka .kqïy’ hs

tla ishhla rcqka msßjrd tkakdy' mKaä;hka jykai" mud fkdjk

fialaj” hs yiqka tjQy; “wo wiqj,a f;k ,e.=ï .;a;dy' wo jkdys kqjrg

tkakdy” hs mKaä;hka jykafiag ksrka;rfhka yiqka tjkakdy' tA wid uy

fndai;dKka jykafia jvd,d u l< ukd úOdkfhys fkdmud jQ fial' fõfoay

rÊcqrefjda jkdys “fï kqjr .kakg t;a ,” hs mrïmrd Yíofhka weiQy'

blaì;s n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda fmr ikaOHdfjys u .kakd ,oaod jQ ,laI .Kka o~q

jeg myka wdf,dalfhka f.dia ish¨ i;a fhdÿka ñhq¨ kqjr msßjrd .;ay' flfia

jg fldf<da o h;a:- m<uq fldg md fmdf<da w., jgd rka ikakdy ,k ,oaod jQ"

rka ie;a" rka fmdfrdaÿ wdÈ yia;H,xldrfhka iryk ,oaod jQ" fidçka .kakd

,o uq.=re we;s" f,day m%dldr ù kuq;a msáka wek iqkq úiqkq lrkakg iu¾: Yla;s

we;s" folfmd,h yd fldaIh yd hk ;=ka ;ekska jEfykakd jQ tla uofhlska o tu

hf:dala; ia:dk ;=k yd folka isÿre yd foweia isÿre yd he hs hk ima; ia:dkfhka

jEfykakd jQ tla uohlska o ima; ia:dkh yd fokdidmqgh" .=o ud¾.h yd hk oY

ia:dkfhka jEfykakd jQ tla uofhlska ±’ hs fufia .s,sfyk ;=ka uofhlska hqla; jQ"

i¾jdNrKfhka úN+Is; ch wl=iq yd f;daurdÈ wdhqO .;a w;a we;s j msg ys¢kd

we;rejka úiska .ejiS .;a" tA rÊcqrejkaf.a fldam kue;s .skafkka keÕs ÿï l| fia

Wia ù" lka;,ska lka;, .id isgqjk ,oaod jQ we;a j<,af,lska o hqoaOhg ,k ,oaod jQ

ikakdy we;s wYajd,xldrfhka iryk ,o iskaÿ ldïfndac fhdakldÈ W;a;u

foaYfhys Wmkakd jQ kdkdNrK m%;suKaä; je ikakdy ikakoaO je msg ys¢kd

wirejka úiska .ejiS .;a ‘i;=rd yiq fldg .ksñ’ hs To jeähd jQ rÊcqrejkaf.a is;a

kue;s wdldY .x.dfhys ì¢-ì£ Èfjkakd jQ r<m;r fia hqoaOhg msôkd ,o ldy,

Yíofhka i;=gq je mek-mek isákd jQ .%Sjh .id isgqjk ,oaod jQ wia j<,af,lska o

isxy iï" jHd>% iï wdÈ iï w;=rk ,oaod jQ r:d,xldrfhka iryk ,o kÕk ,o

kdkd j¾K èjc mÙla;s we;s" ffikaOjhka fhdok ,o" i¾jd,xldrfhka ie/yS

msge n¢kd ,o ysfhdjqre we;s je kefÕk ,o Okq¾Orhka úiska Wm,laIs; jQ fiakd

kue;s iuqøfhka kex.d jQ uy ;,a uia le, fia ßh ilska ßh il .id isgqjk ,o

r: j<,af,lska o ‘isoaOd¾: l=udrhka iu ;sia mereï mqrd uq¿ fldg f.k fndaê

øeufhl msájy,a ,Èka i;a ;sia fndaêmdlaIsl O¾u ixLHd; fhdaOhka n, fldg

f.k úÿriqka wrd nqÿ jkakg Wka fõf,ys ch .ekau ms<sjka fõ j hs" fkdms<sjka

fyda fõ j hs" ÿr ;nd u wkH;r cd;sfhl wkH;r hqoaOhla fldg ne¨j uekeje’ hs

6

is;d pQ,kS rdc jHdcfhka wd jYj¾;s udrhdf.a isxy uqL" yia;s uqL" wYaj uqL" jHd>%

uqLdÈ jQ fkdfhla Nhxlr uqL ujd wis" Yla;s" f;daur" fNKaäjd," lrjd,dÈ jQ

§ma;su;a kd kd úO wú .ksñka wfkal m%ldr úldr fõYfhka wd oi ìïnrla

udr fiakdj fia Nhxlr jQ fiakdfjys ndyqfjka ndyqj .id isgqjk ,oaod jQ fhdaO

j<,af,lska ± hs fufia i;r j<,af,lska tA i;a fhdÿka ñhq¨ kqjr jg ,jd tA tA

ia:dkfhys n< we‚ isgqjQy'

ukqIHfhda T,ajr y~ fokakdyq" w;afmd<ika fokakdyq" mkkakdyq" ‘jg,d .;=ïy’ hk iudêfhka kgñka" .¾ckd lrñka isg .;ay' wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK

fiakdfjys kÕk ,o ñ‚ o~q jefgys ,laI .Kka myka wdf,dalfhka o tla

ishhla rc orejka yd yia;HYajdÈ fiakdj yd m,ka wdNrKfhys wdf,dalfhka o

ish¨ i;a fhdÿka ñhq¨ kqjr tA ufy!IO mKaä;hkaf.a m%{d kue;s iQ¾hhd my< j

i;a;ajhkaf.a is; fudaydkaOldr ú.ukfhka fy<s jQ l,la mßoafoka wdf,dal úh'

we;=kaf.a l=[ap kdofhka o wiqkaf.a fyaIdrjfhka o r:fhys pl% kdofhka o

md n< fikf`.ys .¾ckdfjka o ila" iskakïyr" ;ka;sßmg" .egmygq" uyfnr"

mkdfnr" rka ila" ß§ ila wdÈ jQ m[apdx.sl ;+¾h kdofhka o fmdf<dj me<S hk

mßoafoka jQfha h'

fiakldÈ jQ mKaä;jre i;r fok uy;a jQ flda,dy, Yíoh wid l=uk wr.,hla

nj;a fkdokakdyq fõfoay rÊcqrejka iómhg f.dia “foajfhks" uy;a jQ flda,dy,

Yíofhl" wms l=ula nj;a fkd okqïy' ‘l=uk wr.,fhla ±’ hs úuiqj fyd;a

hym;e” hs lSy' t nia wid rÊcqrefjda" ‘h<s n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka wd jke’ hs iS

ue÷re ljq¿j yrjd msg; n,kakdyq" Wka wd nj ±k Nhska ;%ia; je “b;slska wmf.a

Èú ke;s' n%yauo;a;hd f;fï ±ka ±ka wm yeu urkafka he” hs fiakld§ka yd

iu. l:d lrñka yqkay' uy fndai;dKka jykafia jkdys pQ,kS rÊcqrejka wd nj

±k" isxyhl= fuka lsis Nhla ke;s je kqjr uq¿,af,ys rlj,a ilia fldg ,jd

‘rdcd§yq Nhska È,syS,d ys¢;s' ud Wka wiajid ¨j uekeje’ hs rc f.hs u;= ud,g

keÕS rÊcqrejka je| tl;a mia je isá fial' rÊcqrefjda uy fndai;dKka jykafia

±l ,nk ,o wiajia we;s je" ‘umq;Kqjka ufy!IO mKaä;hka úkd wfkla ud fï

ÿlska uqokakg iu¾: flfkla ke;e’ hs is;d" mKaä;hka jykafia yd iu. l:d

lrkakdyq" “ufy!IO mKaä;fhks" m[apd, foaY jdiS jQ n%yauo;a; rc f;fï tla

ishhla rdcOdksfhys ish¨ wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK fiakdj yd iu. wdfha h'

m[apd, rdcOdksh ika;l jQ fï fiakd f;dfuda fuf;le hs muK ke;a;S h'

b;d uy;a oajdrÜgd, id,dÈ jQ fkdfhla l¾udka;hg msáka f.k tkakd jQ ±j

m;%" ix.d,shï" fjÜgï ,E,s wdÈ jQ odre iïNdrhka f.k weúÈkd jvq fikÕska

hqla; jqj¦ ish¨ ix.%dufhys olaI jQ we;=ka wiqka wdÈ jQ n< fikÕ we;a;S h' .yk

neúka ;ud w;=rg jkakjqka fkd fmfkk mßoafoka mh ìu .Eúh fkd § Wr msáka

f.k hkakS h¦ yia;s Yío he" wYaj Yío he" r: Yío he" ùKd Yío he uDox. Yío he"

.S; Yío he" ;d, Yío he" ‘úÿj" .kqj" wkqj’ hs fu fia oY úO Yíofhka hqla;

jqj¦ we;=ka wdÈ jQ isjqrÕ fikfÕys mj;akd kdoh uQÿ mr.dkd fia mj;akd fyhska"

7

zuqn tj" Tn hj" hqoaO lrj" mud fkdjj"Z hkdÈ jQ tA tA lghq;af;ys ksfhda. jpk

jd.a fNaofhka okajkakg fkdms<sjka fyhska uDox." uoao,dÈ jQ kd kd m%ldr fNaß

Yíofhka yd ixL ldy, Yíofhka yd yÕjkakd jQ tA tA lghq;= we;a;S h¦ i;a

rejkska úis;=re jQ ikakdyfhka yd iaj¾K cd, yia;s l=ka; úfYaIfhka o rdc

rdc uydud;Hd§ka úiska m<|kd ,oaod jQ lkl" lgl" rikd" kQmqr" ;dvxl" j<h"

;sir mg" wjq,a yr" Wor nkaOk" .eg ksuq,a yr" mia rE mia j<¨" fma/ia" tlajeá"

mduqÿ" mdv.ï" mdi,U" mdocd,d" mdo;%-mdodNrKdÈ jQ YÍrdNrKfhka o fydnkS h'

lkl rc;d§ka úÑ;% jQ rla; kS,dÈ jQ kd kd jia;%fhka iuqÊj,s; r:dÈfhys kÕk

,o kd kd m%ldr Oj,ÉP;% mxla;sfhka .ejeiS .;a;S h' we;a jdyk" wia jdyk

r: jdykfhka hqla; h' yia;s Ys,am he" wYaj Ys,am he" r: Ys,am he" OkqYaYs,am he

wdÈ jQ wgf<dia uyd Ys,amfhys fl< meñ‚hka úiska úfYaIfhka iuDoaO h' fï

fiakd f;dfuda isxy iudk úl%u we;a;S h' Y+r fhdaOhka úiska iqm%;sIaÀ; h'

fï fiakdfjys fmdf<dj yd iudk kqjK we;s ryia uka;%K lrkiq¨ jQ fyj;a

foojila ;ks je ys| is;=j fyd;a uy fmdf<dj fmr<kakg o wyi yd fmdf<dj yd

.eg ,kakg o fmdfydi;a jQ mKaä;jre oi fofkla we;a;dy' tA mKaä;jrekg

jvd wêl jQ m{d we;s rÊcqrejkaf.a uE‚fhda ;,;d foaù mKaä;jreka oi fokdg

tfldf<dia jeks j ys| pQ,kS rÊcqrejkaf.a fiakdjg wkqYdikd lrkakdyq h'

“je<sÿ tA ;,;d foaùkaf.a m%×j flfia o h; fyd;a(- tla ojila ñksfila id,a

ke<shla o n;a uq<la o uiqrka oyila o yerf.k ‘.Õska tf;r fhñ’ hs .Õ ueog

f.dia Èh ie~ fihska tf;r je .; fkdyS" tf;r isá ñksiqkag “mskaj;aks" ud

w;e id,a ke<shla yd n;a uq<la o uiq oyila o we;s' fulS ;=kska ug hula reÑ ù

kï tA foñ¦ f;dm yeu fokd flfrka hï flfkla ud tf;r l< fyd;a kï W!

ud tf;r flfr;aj” hs fufia lS h" blaì;s Yla;s iïmkak mqreIfhla lÉÑh ;r

fldg ye| f.k .Õg nei tA mqreIhd w; w,a,d f.k tf;r fldg" “ug Èh hq;=

foh foj” hs lS h' tA f;fï “id,a ke<sh fyda n;a uq< fyda .kqj” hs lS h' tA wid

Èfhka tf;r l< mqreIhd" “uu udf.a Ôú;h fkdi,ld f;dm tf;r flf<ñ' ug

id,a ke<sfhka yd n;a uq<ska yd m%fhdack ke;s' uiq oyi foj” hs lS h' tA wiñka

“hula ug reÑ ù kï tA fokafkó" lSfhñ' ±ka ug hula reÑ ù kï tA foñ' leue;

fyd;a .kqj” hs lS h'

tA f;fï iómfhys isá tll=g tmj;a lS h' ths;a" “hula ;ukg reÑ ù kï

tA f;dmg foóhs lshd fõ o Wka lSfha@ Wka fokq leue;s fohla yer .kqj” hs

lSfha h' tA mqreIhd Wka lS nie;a fkd isg" “tfia ud .kafka ke;e” hs Tyq

werf.k wêlrK kdhlhkag irem lS h' wêlrKfha we;af;da o fokakdf.a nia

wid" “W! ÿka fohla .kqj” hs t f,i u lsjQ h' tA mqreIhd wêlrK kdhlhkaf.a

hqla;sfhys fkd isg rÊcqrejkag ±kaù h' rÊcqrefjda wêlrK kdhlhka f.g

f.kajd f.k Wka ueofha fokakdf.a nia wid" tf,i u lshd hqla;sh mis¢kd fia

fkdokakdyq" ;udf.a Ôú;fhys wdidjla ke;s je .Õg ng ;eke;a;jq u me/ojQy'

tfõf,ys rÊcqrejkaf.a uE‚fhda ;,;d foaù ;=uQ t ;ekg kqÿre ;efkl yqkakdyq

8

rÊcqrejka hqla;sh kmqre fldg miqka nj ±k" “mq;" fï hqla;sh i,ld mshd lshj˜ hs

lSy' “uE‚hka jykai" ud okafka fumufKla u h' bÈka kqU jykafia wuq;a;la

okakd fiala ù kï mis÷j uekj” hs lSy'

;,;d foaù" “hym;" hqla;sh mis¢ñ” lshd tA Èfhka hkakg isá mqreIhd nKjd"

“fufia tj orej" f;dm w; ;=nQ id,a ke<sh;a n;a uq<;a uiq odi;a ;=k ms<sfj<ska

ìu ;nd,j” hs lshd ms<sfj<ska u ;njd ‘f;da Èfhka hkafkys uQg l=ula lS ±@”hs

úpdrd" ‘fuf,i lSñ’ lS l,ays “tfia ù kï ;g reÑhla yer f.k hj” hs lSy'

tA f;fï uiq ody w;g .;' blaì;s W! u| ;ekla .sh l, ìfidjq W! f.kajd"

“orej" uiq oyi f;dmg wNsm%dh ±@” hs úpdrd" “tfia h" leue;af;ñ” lS l, “orej"

f;dm úiska ñka ug hula reÑ ù kï tA foó” fudayg lshk ,o o" fkdlshk

,o ± hs lshd" “lshk ,o h" foajhka jykaie” hs lS l," “tfia ù kï fï uiq odi

fuda yg foj” hs lSy' tA f;fï y~ñka j,mñka uiq odi yg ÿkafka h' t fõf,ys

rÊcqrefjda o wud;Hfhda o i;=gq je idOqldr ÿkay' t ;eka mgka ;,;d foaùkaf.a

kqjK oUÈj uq¿,af,ys m;< ù h' fï ksid h ud ‘pQ,kS rÊcqrejkaf.a uE‚hka

;,;d foaùka tfldf<diajkq je fiakdjg wkqYdikd flfr;S’ hs lSfha" keje; tA

fiakdfjys m[apd, rdcHfhys wkQk jQ mßjdr iïm;a we;s n%yauo;a;hd úiska yer

.;a rg we;s" urK Nhska ;e;s .;a tla ishhla rc orefjda fï pQ,kS rdchd iu.

fh;s' wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla fiakdfjka fï ñÓ,d kï rdcOdksh jg ,d m<uq

we;a mjqfrl" fojeks j wia mjqfrl" ;=kajeks j r: mjqfrl" i;rjeks je fhdaO

mjqfrlehs fufia i;r j<,a,la yd we;a j<,a,g yd wia j<,a,g yd w;=frys tla

ùÓfhl¦ wia j<,a,g yd r: j<,a,g w;=frys yd tla ùÓfhl¦ r: j<,a,g yd n<

j<,a,g yd w;=frys tla ùÓfhl¦ fu fia ;=ka ikaêhlska jg lrk ,o fõfoay

rg jdiSkaf.a ñÓ,d kï rdcOdksh yd;amiska leK Wv kÕk l,la mßoafoka mjqre

mokï ì|" ±ka iqkq úiqkq lrkq ,efnhs' ufy!IO mKaä;fhks" yd;amiska hï n÷

fiakdjla úiska msßjrk ,o o" tA fiakdjg u;af;ys fmfkk fkdfhla ish oyia

.Kka ñ‚ o~q jeg myka lrK fldg f.k ;reje,ska .yk jQ wdldYh jekak'

mKaä;fhks" kqjK kï fu fia jQ ;ekg fõ o@ f;dm yd iu kqjKe;s flfkla

kï ke;s" fu fia jQ uyd fiakdfjka wmg .e,eùula flfia fõ ±@” hs lSy'

fufia rÊcqrejka urK Nhska hqla; je lshkakd jQ nia wid uy fndai;dKka jykafia"

‘fï rÊcqrefjda b;d urK Nhska Nhm;a je .shdy' frda.fhka fmf<k tlla yg

wjia:d ms<shula okakd fjol= ms<sirK jkakd fia o id ÿlska fmf<k tll=g

fNdackh uq;a wfklla ms<sirK fkdjkakd fia o msmdid we;s tll=g meka mqj

fyd;a uq;a tA msmdih fkdikaisf|kakd fia o fï rÊcqrejkg ud uq;a wfkla

ms<sirKla ke;s' rÊcqrejka wiajid,ñ’ hs is;d blaì;s rÊcqrejkg uy fndai;dKka

jykafia ieg fhdÿka r.a.,a ;,d uia;lfhys kdo lrk ,o isxy rdchl= fuka

“fkd nj uekej" foajhka jykai" rdcH iqj wkqNj l< uekej" uu legla f.k

lmqgq /ila m,jk tllayq fuka o ÿkakla w,a,d f.k j÷re uq<la m,jk tllayq

mßoafoka o fï wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK fiakdj nve nka lv muKlg;a

9

wiajdñl lrjd ks.KaG fiakdjla mßoafoka bia Æ Æ w; ÿqn|jd mshñ' th ug

Ndr h' ‘igfkle’hs is;la fkd ;nd Nh fkd f.k iqj fia rdcH Y%S wkqNj l<

uekeje” hs lS fial'

fu fia lshd rÊcqrejka wiajid,d ud<s.fhka nei kqjr fnr ,jd yeu fokdg jodrk

fiala “mskaj;aks" f;ms yeu ‘i;=frda jg,d .;af;da fõ ±’ hs fkd is;d" u,a .|

úf,jqka yd wgf<dia j¾.fha lejqï yd rd uia wdÈ fkdfhla wkakmdk imhd

jia;%dNrKfhka ie/yS W;aijhg mgka .kqj¦ iuyr flfkla f;dm f;dmg iqÿiq

mßoafoka fndjq kï uyd mdkh;a fndj¦ fnr .ij¦ .S lshj¦ t¿ ika" T,ajr ika"

wiqre ika foj' ish,a,la ke;s flkl=g udf.ka foñ' ufy!IO mKaä;fhda kï

uu h' lsis Nhla fkd lrj¦ udf.a wkqNdj n,j˜ hs lshd wiajid jod< fial'

tA niska kqjr jdiSyq i;a wjqreoafoa mgka Tnf.a n, ;uka weu b÷rd okakd fyhska

lsis Nhla ke;s je ixld rys; je kegqï wdÈ ish,af,ka u uy;dKka jod<

mßoafoka W;aijhg mgka .;ay'

hqoafOdamdh fh§u

kqjr we;=f<ys .S lshk jhk wr., msg; isá i;=frda wikakdy' i;=rkaf.ka

fndfyda fok l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg jokdy' i;=re je wd úfgl uq;a ÿgq

ÿgqjka fkd w,a,kakdy' t fia fyhska i;=rkaf.a i[apdrh fkd isf|kafka h'

kqjrg jka jka ukqIHfhda W;aij fl<kd;a ch mdkh fndkakd;a ck flda,dy,;a

olakdy' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda we;=¿ kqjr flda,dy, wid iómfhys isáhjqkag

lshkakdyq “mskaj;aks" wgf<dia wlafI!ys‚hla muK fï fiakdj f.k’jq;a ;ukaf.a

kqjr jg,d .;a kshdjg lsis Nhla j;a ;e;s .ekaula j;a ke;af;a h' ikaf;daIfhka

hqla; je miajkla m%S;ska mskd .shjqka fia w;afmd<ika fokakdy¦ w~ .ikakdy¦

t¿ika fokakdy¦ .S lshkakdy¦ fnr .ikakdy' fld, l=uk wYap¾hfhla ±@” hs

lSy' t fia lS rc yg prmqreIfhla fndrejla f.d;d f.k lshkafka" “foajhka

jykai" uu lsis lghq;a;la ksid l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg jkafkï' ieKfl<s

fl<kd ckhka ±l" ‘mskaj;aks" ish¨ oUÈj rc orejka fiakd iys; je wjq;a

f;dmf.a kqjr jg ,d f.k isáh § f;dm yeu fufia m%udo je jikakg ldrKd lsï

±”hs úpdf<ñ' Tyq ug lshkakdyq" ‘wmf.a rÊcqrejka l=udr l, fufia jQ fodf<la

úh' flfia o h;a( oi oyila fhdÿka oUÈj rcqka uq¿,a, fiakdj msßjrd wjq;a ud

Wka kqjr msßjrd isá l, ieKfl<s fl<só’ hs fod<la Wmk' tA fod< ±ka uq÷ka

meñ‚fha h' tneúka i;a ojila ieKfl<s fl¿j hs kqjr fnr ,jd ;uka jykafia

ud<s.fha u;= uyf,a wud;H uKav,h msßjrd ys| uyd ikaf;daIfhka u;a je

ch mdkh fndk fiala he’ hs lSy' uu t nia wid ‘rcl= fnd<| kshd he’ hs kskaod

flf<ñ’ hs lS h'

n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda t nia wid oKafvka .ik ,o wdYS¾úIhlayq fuka fl%daOfhka

È,syS lsmqKdyq “fld," jyd fï kqjr tA tA È.ska w., ue~ yiajd mjqre" fodrgq"

10

wg¨" jdi,a" n,fldgq wdÈh ì|" iqkq úiqkq flfrñka jyd kqjrg jeo" .e,a mqrd

f.k’jq;a flduvq ndkd fia uyd ckhd bia lmd .kqj¦ fõfoay rcyq bi;a jyd

f.fkj” hs lSy' t nia wid n,iïmkak fhdaOfhda fkdfhla wdhqO .;a w;a

we;sj" “kqjr .kqïy” hs mjqre jdi,a iómhg .shdyq" fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a

fhdaOhka úiska ouk ,o l,,a je,s wdÈfhka uyd úkdYhg meñK kqjr ì¢kd ;nd

mjqr iómhg;a hd fkdyS" kej; hkakdy' bÈka iuyr flfkla fkdkej;" —mjqr

ì÷ïy” hs jdis lshd idyisl je f.dia w.,e ngjq kï wka;rÜgd,j, isáfhda B"

o~q" uqK" fldfyd,a" f;daur" fNKaäjd,d§ka oud uyd úkdYhg muqKqjkakdy'

fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a fhdaOfhda n%yauo;a;hkaf.a fhdaOhkg w;ska uqyq‚ka

Wiq¿ mE fkdfhla m%ldrfhka wdfl%daI mßNj fnfKñka .yg lrkakdy' uÉP

udxi yd lk fndk oE yd rd ú;a Tvï wdÈh mqrd f.k msg; isáhjqkag Èla

fldg mq¿ .kajd kej; ;=uQ u lkakdy¦ fndkakdy' fufia i;=rka lsfmkiq¨

jQ fkdfhla úldr flfrñka mjqßka we;=f<a mokue Wkag fmfkk kshdfjka

ilauka lrkakdy' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejkaf.a fhdaOfhda Wkg lsisjl=;a fldg .;

fkd yS f.ä neg ld" w; mh ysi k<,e f,a msi miq n,-n,d Èjkakdyq" rÊcqrejka

iómhg f.dia “foajhka jykai" Roaêu;a flkl=ka wdldYfhka f.diska jÿ;a uq;a

ñksiqka úiska fï kqjr jokd ;nd is;kakg;a neß he” hs lSy' tnia wid rÊcqrefjda

fkdi;=gq je lSm ojila r|d kqjr .kakd Wmdhla fkdokakdyq flajÜghd úpd<y; “wdpdÍks" kqjr .kakd ;nd mjqr <Õg hkakg;a iu¾: tl o i;a;ajfhla ke;s'

l=ula lrfuda ±@” hs lSy' tnia wid nuqKd lshkafka" “jkakd j uy rc" kqjrg

meka kï msg;ska jkafka h' lSm ojila meka kj;d ,kakd meka fkd,Èka la,dka;

jQjdyq fodr wer mshkakdy' túg wms is;a jQ mßoafoka i;=rkag lg hq;= lshïy˜ hs

lS h' —fld," ths;a Wmdhle”hs t;eka mgka meka jeoao fkd fokakdy' tmj;a

fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.ka rcyq iómfhys isá pr mqreIfhla m;l ,shd B

oKavl ne|" we;=¿ kqjrg úo mS h' fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia o i;=rka wd ojia

úOdkhla lrk fiala" “hfula BoKavl ne| úo mS m;la ÿgqfha ù kï jyd f.k’jq;a

ug foj” hs jod< fial' t neúka tla mqreIfhla tA m; f.k’jq;a Èk'

iajdñ orejdfKda tA nj ±k ‘fï flajÜg uy,a,d we;=¿ jQ w×k cvfhda ud ;j u

ufy!IO mKaä; nj fkdokakd jkay’ hs is;d" ieg ßhka WK oKavla f.kajd

ißfha folla fldg m<d we;=< msg .eg yrjd Y=oaO fldg kej; tla fldg ;nd

iñka jid n|jd msg ueá .djd ;miaùka ,jd ysud,fhka f.kajQ ueá yd weUq, ìcq

yd f.k fmdl=Kq wie Èfhys ìcqjg frdamKh lrjd ueá msg WK oKav isgqjd

we;=f<a meka mqrjd Æ fial' tl /hska u me<h keÕS WK oKav uq÷kska ßhkla

muK jvd uf,la msmS isáfha h' tA wNsu;d¾:idOl jQ Ñka;d ud‚lHhla n÷ jQ

udf.a iajdñ ore jQ fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia tA u,a o~q uq,ska Wÿrejd “fï n%yauo;a;

rÊcqrejkg foj” hs ;uka jykafiaf.a mqreIhkag ÿkay' Tyq weUq, oKav j<,af,a ,d

“fld," n%yauo;a;hkaf.a mqreIfhks" ihska fkd ñhe f;, u, lvd ysi me,|

f.k weUq, o~q yqhd f.k nv mqrd ld mshj˜ hs mjqßka msg; oud Æy'

11

ths;a fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.ka u isá pr mqreIfhla yer f.k

rÊcqrejka iómhg f.dia" “ne¨j uekj" foajhka jykai" fun÷ weUq, u,la yd

fï id È. weUq, oKavla ÿgq úrE oE ke;e” hs lS h' rcyq" “uek n,j” hs lS fyhska"

pr mqreIhd ukkafka ieg ßhka oKav wiQ ßhka fldg uek mS h' rcyq “fï flfia jQ

;ekl we;s ù ±@” hs lS fyhska" bka u tflla rcyq láka ni Wÿrd .;a;d fia

fndrejla f.d;d f.k lshkafka" “uu tla ojila rd álla î mshkq leue;s j

l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg jkafkï" kqjr jdiSka Èh fl<skd uy fmdl=Kla Èáñ'

fndfyda ukqIHfhda Tre wÕ=¿ wdÈfhys b|f.k u,a lvd Èh fl< weúÈkdy'

fï jQ l,s tA fmdl=fKa f.dv wi msms u,l ieá h' bÈka .eUqre ;efkl msms uf,la

ù kï ishla ßhkg;a jvd we;af;a fõ ±” hs lS h' tA wid" “wdpdÍks" ‘meka kj;d

fï kqjr .kqïy’ hs fkd is;j' tA f;dmf.a Wmdfhla fkd fjh” lSy'

“t fia l, foajhka jykai" fu úg ud is;+ foh b;d u hym;' kqjrg ù id,a kï

msg;ska u jkafka h' tA ù id,a jeoao fkd foïy' n;ska mSä; jQ ukqIHfhda fodr

yer mshkakdy' túg w,a,d f.k leue;a;la lrïy” hs lS h' tA uka;%Kh;a m<uq

mßoafoka u mf;lska ±k “fï ksjg jQ flajÜghd ud kqjKe;s kshdj fkdokakd

jke” hs lshd" wkqm%dldr he hs lshk ,o mokï uq÷fka l,,a w;=rejd" B msg ù

biajdÆ fial' fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a wNsm%dh kï isoaO jkafka h' tneúka tl /hska

mE< keÕS i;a fhdÿka ñhq¨ kqjr jgd mjqre uq÷kska b;d ks,a j,d iuQyhla fia

w;skS, je fmfkkakg jk' tA ÿgq rÊcqrefjda" —mjqre uq÷fka b;d ks,a je wr fï

fmfkkafka lsï ±@” hs isáhjqka úpd<y' pr mqreIfhla lshkafka “foajhka jykai"

f.dúhd mq;a ufy!IO mKaä;hd ;ud m%× n,fhka u;= jkakd jQ Nh ±k" ;udf.a

úOdk jefgkakd jQ fï ckmofhys ù álla wehs ;sî ± hs tl fy<d f.kajd f.k

fï id uy;a kqjr yeu fokdf.a fldgq f.j,a mqrjd" b;sß ù mjqr msg yd ùÓfha tA

tA ia:dkfhys yd ,jd mS h' tA ù ;dla uq¿,a, wjqfõ úh<S jeiafia f;ó me< keÕS

f.dhï je .sfha h' uu tla ojila lghq;a;la ms‚i l=reì,sfhka we;=¿ kqjrg

jkafkï mjqr wie ;=nQ úfhka ù álla wer f.k “fld," b;d hym;a ùfhl"

biafkñ" lshd ùÓhg oud mSñ' tA ±l t;ek isá ckfhda ud fjfyikakdyq" “b;d

u nv id ieá h' leue;af;ys ù kï ;s,ska fmdÈhla fldg ne| f.k f.dia meyer

mshd msi f.k nv mqrd ld fkd ñh” hs lSy' “tA ù ud we,aÆ fia b;d kmq/” hs uu

,Êcdjg meñ‚fhñ” hs lS h' tA wid rc flajÜghdg lshkafka “ù kj;d;a fï

kqjr .; fkdyelal' ;df.a ths;a Wmdfhla fkd fjhs' yer mshj” hs lSy'

“foajhka jykai" fkdis;d jod< uekj" wfkla n,j;a udf.a Wmdfhla we;s' kqjr

we;=f<a j,la ke;s fyhska or kï msg;ska f.k uq;a fkdyelafla h' or kj;d ,d kqjr

wer .kqïy” hs lSfha h' tA uka;%Kh;a fmr mßoafoka u ±k jodrd mjqre msáka ù yd

f.dhï yd yrjd msg;g fmfkk kshdfhka or /ia lrjd mS fial' mjqf¾ Wka

ukqIHfhda n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejkaf.a fhdaOhkg iskd isiS fjfyikakdyq “fld,"

or ke;s je msi lE fkdyS ihska mSä; je fkd ys|" ke;s flfkla W¿ leka n;a

wdÈh msi lj¦ fndj” hs lshñka" “f;, wer .kaj” hs uy;a or l|ka weÕg oud

12

,kakdy' iuyre tA jeo f.k ;e<s-;e<S uy;a ÿlag meñfKkakdy' rÊcqrefjda or

rdYsh fmfkkakd ±l “f;, lsfula ±@” hs úpd<y' t;ek o isá pr mqreIhkaf.ka

tflla" “wehs uy rc" fkd okakd fiala o@ f.dúhd mq;a ufy!IOhd u;= jkakd jQ

Nh ±k j,e ofrla ;sî o@ tl fy<d woaod f.k’jq;a kqjr f.hla mKyd mE<

fÞrj,a mqrd ,d b;sß jk or mjqre msg /ia lrjd mS he” hs lS h' tA wid flajÜghdg

“fï kqjr or kj;d,d wer .kakg fkdms<sjk' ;df.a ths;a Wmdfhla fkd fjhs'

wer mshj” hs lSy' b;d weú,s wjkakd jQ ksjg jQ flajÜghd lshkafka" “uyrc" fkd

is;d jod< uekj' udf.a n,j;a wfkla Wmdhla we;e” hs lS h' tA wid “wdpdÍks"

Wmdh kï ;ud lsï o@ fï id uy;a jQ f;dmf.a Wmdfhlska jevl=;a ksudjl=;a ÿgq oE

ke;s' fu kqjr fõfoay rcq w,a,d .kakg fkdms<sjk' tneúka wmf.a kqjrg hïy” hs lSy'

O¾u hqoaOhkej; w{dk jQ uy¨ nuqKq lshkafka" “foajhka jykai" ‘n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda tla

ishhla rc orejka yd tA id uy;a p;=rx.skS fiakdjka f.kjq;a fõfoay rcq w,a,d

.; fkd yS me/o m,d .shy’ hs wmg uy;a ,Êcd jkakS h' kqjKe;af;da kï

ufy!IO mKaä;fhda u;= fkd fj;s' uu;a uyd kqjKe;af;ñ' tla f,ilska Tyq

mrojd mshïy” hs lS h' “wdpdÍks" t f,i kï ;ud lsï ±@” hs lS y' “O¾u hqoaOh

kï fohla flfrñ” hs lS h' “O¾u hqoaO kï lsï ±@” hs lSy' “uyrc" fofiakdj

igka fkdfldg uekj" rc orejka fofokdf.a mKaä; fofok tl ;eklg toao"

bka tla flfkla jekaojq kï je¢ mlaIfha rc yg mrdch jkafka h' je÷ï ,;a

mlaIfha rc yg ch jkafka h' tA uka;%K ufy!IO mKaä;fhda fkdokakdy'

uu b;d jeäuy,af,ñ' ufy!IO mKaä;fhda nd,fhda h' wdpdr okakd kqjKe;s

mKaä;hka fyhska Tyq ud ÿgq l, iel ke;s je j|kdy' tfõf,ys fõfoay rcq

ieneúka me/oaod kï jkafka h' t fia fldg;a fõfoay rcq mrojd mshd keÕS hïy'

tfia l,e wmg ,Êcd fkdjkakS h' O¾u hqoaO kï fï he” hs lSy' tfia ryia

l:dj;a fmr mßoafoka u ±k jodrd" ‘flajÜghdg ñkq;a uu me/oafoñ kï udf.a

l=uk mKaä; lula ±@” hs is;+ fial' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda;a" “wdpdÍks" tA Wmdh

b;d hym;" fig WoEik O¾u hqoaO jkafka h' bÈka O¾u hqoaOhg fkd wjq kï

ths;a me/oaod kï jkafka he” hs ,shd l=reì,sfhka fõfoay rc yg hejQy'

tA wid fõfoay rÊcqrefjda fndaêi;a;ajhka oE le|jd t mj;a lS y' tA wiñka il,

ckdkkaolr jQ ;sf,da.=re fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia “hym;" foajhka jykaie” hs

lshd" niakdysr jdi,ska msg; O¾u hqoaO uKav,h ie/yQ fial' tf;l=ÿ jqj;a

tA tA rcqka flfrys isá pr mqreIfhda tla ishhla fok" ‘ljqre oksoao" lsï ±’ hs

fndaêi;ajhka jykafiag wdrlaIdj ms‚i flajÜghd msßjrd isg .;ay'

n%yauo;a;hka yd tla ishhla rcorefjda O¾u hqoaO uKav,hg .shdyq mqr Èhjl

hym;a ojia i| n,kakg tla is;a je tl Èidj n,kakjqka mßoafoka meÿï È.

n,d isáhy' tfia u ksjg jQ flajÜghd;a kef`.kysr Èidj n,-n,d “l,a fhakq"

l,a fhakq˜ hs lsh-lshd isáfha h'

13

;uka md mshqï f,da uq÷ka l< ;sf,da.=re fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia" t ojia WoEik

fidf<dia l<hla iqj| mekska bia fidaOd kyd ,laIhla w.kd liS i¿jla ye|

i¾jdNrKfhka úN+Is; je" fkdfhla rifhka w.% jQ" wurd foaùka úiska msisk ,o

fNdackh wkqNj fldg" uy;a fmryßka jdi,a fodrlvg f.dia" wd kshdj lshd

hjd “umq;Kqfjda jyd t;aj” hs rÊcqrejka úiska lS l,ays rc f.g jeo" rÊcqrejka

je| tl;amia je isg" “lsfula o mq;" ufy!IO mKaä;fhks@” hs rÊcqrejka lS

l,ays" “O¾u hqoaOhg fhñ” hs jod< fial' “mq; ud úiska l=ula l< ukd ±@” hs

lSy' “foajhka jykai" flajÜghd ue‚fllska j[apd lrkq leue;af;ñ' t neúka

wIagjxl ud‚lH r;akh ,o uekeje” hs jod< fial' “mq;" ths;a ug lshd o

.kafka@ wer .kaj” hs lS l,ays" Yl%hka m<uq;a ;uka jykafiag ÿka ud‚lH

r;akh Y%S yia;fhka f.k" rcyq je| ud<s.fhka ng fial; ;uka jykafia yd tl

oji Wmka fhdaOhka oyi yd isjqrÕ fikÕ yd msßjrd" wkQ oyila rka jgkd ye<s

wiqka fhdok ,o" i¾jd,xldrfhka ieryQ r:hlg mek keÕS" oj,a fï ksujk

fõ,djg jdi, iómhg meñ‚ fial'

flajÜgfhda o ‘ufy!IO mKaä;hka ±ka t;S" ±ka t;S’ uy fndai;dKka jykafia

jvkd fmr uÕ lr Tij-Tijd n,d f.k isàfuka fldla lrla fia Èla jQ lr we;s

jQy; uyd fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a È.ka;rfhys m;<d jQ f;acia mßoafoka myrkakd jQ

ysre /iska vd jEfykakd jQ YÍr we;s jQy' uy fndai;dKka jykafia o" To jeähd jQ

id.rh mßoafoka fmdf<dj ue~ mshkakd fia ùÓh mqrd f.k hkakd jQ we;a wia

wdÈ jQ mßjdrfhka hqla; je wiïNS; je" jdi,a fodr yrjd" kqjßka kslau" r:fhka

nei" flire i,d úoyd ls,sfmd<kakd jQ isxy rdchl= fia úcDïNkh flfrñka"

O¾u hqoaO uKav,hg u jeä fial' tla ishhla rc orefjda tA uy;dKka jykafia

rEffmYaj¾hh ±l" ‘kqj‚ka ish¨ oUÈj ;ukag fojk" flkl=ka ke;s" isßjâVk

isgdKka mq;Kqfjda ufy!IO mKaä;fhda kï fudyq he’ hs iudëka T,ajr y~ ish

.Kka meje;a;+y' mKaä;hka jykafia o foõf,dj foúhka msßjrd wiqr hqoaOhg

kslauqKq ilafoõ rcyq mßoafoka WmudúIhd;sl%dka; jQ Y%S fi!Nd.Hfhka hqla; je

tA wIagjxl ud‚lHr;akh w;ska f.k" flajÜghka bÈßfhys <xj jeä fial'

flajÜg nuqKd uy fndai;dKka jykafia ±l" Tnf.a f;aciska isá m< isákakg

wfmdfydi;a je fmr .uka fldg" “ufy!IO mKaä;fhks" wms fokakfuda u

mKaä;jreïy' f;dm ksid wjq;a fuf;la l,a fu;ek jik wmg f;ms wuq;= m~qrla

muK j;a fkdtjQ úrE h' l=ula ksid o fufia u idorhla fkdlf<a@” hs lS h'

tfia lS flajÜghkag fndai;dKka jykafia “mKaä;fhks" f;dmg iqÿiq m~qrla

fidhkafkï wo fï ñ‚ rejk ,Èñ' yer .kqj' fu n÷ ñ‚ rejkla fï uq;a

ke;e” hs jod< fial' flajÜgfhda mKaä;hka jykafia w; È,sfhk ñ‚ rejk ±l"

zfï mKaä;fhda ug ñ‚ rejkla f.kd jkakdyZ hs is;d" “tfia ù kï foj” hs w;

Èla l<y' fndai;dKka jykafia o “fy o .kqj” hs w; Èla fldg" w; weÕs,s w.

ue‚l t<dÆ fial' nuqKdfKda nr jQ ñ‚ rejk weÕs,s w.ska r|jd .; kqyqKqjy'

ue‚l fm/<S f.k f.dia fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a mduq, jeà .sfha h'

14

nuqKdfKda;a f,daNfhka ‘ue‚l .ksñ’ hs fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a Y%S mdo

uQ,hg keUqre jQy' tA ±l fndai;dKka jykafia nuqKd keUqre jQ ;eke;a;jq lr

Tijd .; fkd§ u tla wf;lska msálr yd tla wf;lska msá uq, yd ;rfha w,a,d

f.k" “keÕS isgqj! wdpdÍks" keÕS isgqj! wdpdÍks" uu nd,fhñ¦ f;dmf.a uqkqnqre

;rug we;af;ñ' ud fkd j÷j” hs lsh-lshd uqLh yd iu. k,< fmr<-fmr<d

fldrieä ìu W,d r;a jo u,la fia f,a yd mia yd jld" “kqjK ke;a;j" f;da

ud w;ska je÷ï .kakg is;hs ±@” hs fndgqj w,a,d f.k oud Æ fial' fu f;fï

bianla muK ;ek jeà f.dia keÕS isg je,s msi-msi m,d .sfha h' ue‚l jkdys

uy fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a ñksiaiq u wer .;ay'

“keÕS isgqj! wdpdßks" ud fkd j÷j” lshd uy fndai;dKka jykafia neK keÕs

y~ ish¨ p;=rx.skS fiakdfhys wr., ue~ f.k isáfha h' “flajÜg nuqKd úiska

ufy!IO mKaä;hka jykafiaf.a md j|kd ,±” hs ish¨ m¾I;a fldla ika § ms<S

ysi isidrd w;afmd<ika § flda,dy, l<y' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka yd tla ishhla

rc orejka yd we;=¿ yeu fok u flajÜghd ufy!IO mKaä;hka md msg keuqKd

ÿgqjdyq u h' kej; lshkakdyq" “wmf.a flajÜg wdpdÍka úiska ufy!IO mKaä;fhda

j|kd ,o' t neúka wms me/oaoïy' wmf.a Ôú;h fu úg fkd fokakdy” hs Nhska

;e;s f.k" ;uka-;ukaf.a wiqka msg keÕS W;a;r m[apd, kqjrg uQK ,d kud

.;ay' tA hkakjqka ±l fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a msßi tl meyer lshkakdyq"

“fld, n%yauo;a; rcq tla ishhla rcqka yd fiakdj yd werf.k ì£ m,d hkakdy” hs

uy;a fldg y~ .id flda,dy, l<y' tA wid rcorefjda ;dla uq¿,a, jv-jvd

Nhm;a je m,d hkakdyq u h' Tjqfkdjqka fkd n,d uyd fiakdfjda;a ì£ .shy'

fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a msßi tA ±l;a jv-jvd flda,dy, meje;ajQy' lreKdksOdk jQ

udf.a iajdñorejdfKda ‘ì£ hkakjqka ÿqn|j’ hs hk nil=;a fkd lshd" ;uka

jykafiaf.a fiakdj msßjrd kqjrg jka fial' n%yauo;a; rÊcqrejka yd tA id uy;a

fiakdj yd fodf<dia .õjla ;eka ì£ m,d .shy'

b;d w,ÊÔ jQ ÿIag jQ flajÜghd wiq keÕSS" láka f,a ou-oud k<f,a f,a msi-msi

Èjkafka h¦ fiakdjg wdikak j wiq msg u ys|" “mskaj;aks" fkd hj¦ uu f.dúhd

mq;= fkdjekafoñ' isgqj" isgqj˜ hs lS h' tfia lSj;a fiakdj fkdr|d u Èjkakdyq

fufia lshkakdy: —fld, múgq ÿIag wO¾ñIaG jQ kslDIAg wkdpdr iajrEm we;s

wj,laIK jQ w{dk nuqKq uy,a," f;da" ‘O¾u hqoaOh flfrñ’ hs lshd f.diska

;g uqkqnqre ;rug;a ke;s b;d nd, ;eke;a;ka je| mS h' fï ukqIH f,dalfhys

Wmka i;a;ajhkaf.ka cv jQ hï tllayq l< ukd hï fkdlghq;a;la we;s kï tA

ish,af,ka ;d úiskq;a fkdl<ukd fohla weoao@ cvh" ue; fkdfodvd f;dhs;a

;df.a mK fkd kid hk wf;l keÕS hd” hs hkd§ka lsh-lshd Tyqf.a nia ;uka

lfkl fkd fy<d ´ yg wdfl%daY mßNj fnfKñka fkdr|d u Èjkakdy'

t nuqKd jy-jyd u Èj f.k f.dia fiakdj ueog mek fufia lshd ,S h: “wehs@ l=ula

lshjq o@ uu f.dúhd mq;= fkd jekafoñ' uu f.dúhd mq;= fkdjekafoñ' fld,"

15

j|kd flfkla k<, oK je,ñá f,a ,d f.k;a j¢oao@ fï je£ï udk f;dm

w;ska wo weiSñ! tA f.dúhd ms;a ud‚lH r;akfhlska ud jxpd fldg mS he” hs

fkdfhla ldrK lshd .súiajd ;ud jiÕ fldg" tfia ñ§ ;=ka fhdÿkla m,d

.sh tA id uy;a fiakdj r|jd kej; f.k’jq;a m<uq mßoafoka ue jg ,d .;'

fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a wkqNdjfhka fkd is;+ fyhska uq;a bÈka tA fiakdj

tla tla mia ñgla j;a ±uqfha ù kï w.,a ;=k mqrd f.k wgf<dia ßhka mjqr msg

kej; tmuK f.dv lrkakg;a jvd we;s jkafka h' tA tfia ue hs' ;sf,da.=re

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S uqLfhka u “fndaêi;a;dkx wêmamdhd kdu bÊ®ka;s-” “fndai;=kaf.a woyia kï isÿ fõ” hs jod< neúka wNsu;d¾:idOl jQ Ñka;dud‚lHhla

n÷ jQ udf.a fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafiaf.a f;aciska u mia ñgla j;a legla j;a kqjr

Èidjg oukakd ;nd is;skq;a is;+ tl o i;a;ajfhla ke;af;a h' ish,af,da u wjq;a

;uka m<uq Wkakd jQ ia:dkfhys u ys| .;ay'

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

wl=iq - fyKavqj

wdfl%daY mßNj - kskaod wmydi

wka;iair - T;a;=ldr$ we;=<; yeisfrk$prmqreI

.kaO odu - iqjò u,a$je,a

mqIamodudj,ïì; - u,a je,a t,a,k ,o

ú;dfkdm,CIs; - úhklska hqla; jQ

fldg-msh mq;= l:djla - lsj hq;= l:djla

l=reì,sfhka - l=vd ryia fodßka

oirejg - Wrysig

welfhys - Wl=f<ys

iqj fmda;lhka - .srd megjd

mshd iÕ< - mshdm;a hqj<

biqreu;=ka - Okj;=ka

Wlg,S - w,i$ WodiSkj

k;=fjda u h - i;= jQy

huq.=re nd,d - hlv fmd¨j,ska .id

mi,a okjqje kqjrg - mxpd, foaYhg wh;a kqjrg$msáirg

wh;a kqjrg

lafIdaN - le,öug m;a fldg

o< mq~q fiai;a - we;a o;a ñg iys; iqÿ l=v

ñhqre kqjr jg,Eu YDx.s ,d - úI fhdod

fõrïn jd;fhka - wyfiys fhdÿkla muK tmsg we;ehs

ie,flk jd;fhka

ye<,S .sh - le,ö .sh

rka fmdfrdaÿ - r;arka ieris,s

i;r lka uka;%Kh

16

f;daur - l=ka;dhqO

m%;suKaä; - iukaú;

ldy, - fydrKE

èjc mÙla;s - fldäfma<s

ysfhdjqre - yS fldmq

Okq¾Orhka - ÿkqjdhka

Wm,laIs; - w,xldr jQ

kslDIAg - kskaÈ;

úÿriqka - jc%dik

wkH;r - tla;rd

wis - lvq

Yla;s - fy,a,

lrjd, - flá lvq úfYaIhla

fyKaäjd, - wksk wdhqO

ú.ukfhka - ÿreùfuka

iskakïNr - fydrKEj

;ka;sß mg - ùKd úfYaIhla

.egmygq - foKaäu kï fnr

mkd fnr - l< fnr

uQÿ mr.dkd - uqyqÿ f>daId lrkakdla fuka

lkl - lrdnq

lgl - j<¨

rikd - fujq,a ou$ yjäh

kQmqr - mfha n¢k wdNrK

;dvxl - lfka m,¢k wdNrKhls

j<h - uqoao

wjq,a yr - mmqj u; m,¢k wdNrK úfYaIhla

Wor nkaOk - Worh ^nv& jgd n¢k wdNrK

bianla - ßhka tlish y;<syl ÿr

.eg ksuq,a yr - YÍrdNrK

fma/ia - rcqf.a ku flgQ uqoao

tlajeá - tla mglska hq;a ud, úfYaIhla

mdocd,d - mfhys ouk ,o ±,a wdNrK

mdokq - mdofha wdrCIdjg ouk jeiqï

t¿ika - m%S;sfhka k.k y~

T,ajrika - ch f>daId

wiqreika - uymgeÕs,a, yd ue±Õs,a, tlg .eàfuka

Yíohla ksl=;a lsÍu

hqoafOdamdh fh§u wdYS¾úIhlayq - úI iys; i¾mhl=

17

wNHdi

01' ufy!IO mKaä;hkaf.a Wmdh fl!Y,Hh fya;=fjka fõfoay rdcHh wdrCId

jQ wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' ydiHfhka yd Wmydifhka hqla;j flajÜg nuqKdf.a pß;h ks¾udKh lr

we;s wkaou mdvu weiqfrka úuikak'

03' “Wïu.a. cd;l l:dfjys id¾:l;ajhg tla fya;=jla ù we;af;a tys fhdod .;a

NdId Í;shhs” kshñ; fldgi weiqßka idlÉPd lrkak'

04' ufy!IO mKaä;hdf.a;a flajÜg nuqKdf.a;a pß; ;=< we;s iu úIu;d

olajkak'

05' jpk úkdYldÍ f,i Ndú;fhka iudchlg úh yels ydks mdvu weiqfrka

úuikak'

È.ka;rfhys - iEu Èidfjys

wiïNS;j - tä;rj$fkdìhj

úcDïNkh - jecfUk

ffikaOjhka - wYajhka

Wmud úIhd;sl%dka; - Wmud l< fkdyels

wlafI!ys‚h - wx. iïmQ¾K uyd hqO fiakdj

^we;=ka 21870" wYajhka 65510" r: 21870"

mdn< 109350&

Oj,èP;% - iqÿ fldä

iqm%;sIaÀ; - iaÓrj$ fkd ief,k fia msysá

iuDoaO - iM, jQ

iuqÊj,s; - nn<k

18

.=;a;s, fjK ko 2

^jE;a;Efõ ysñ -- fldaÜfÜ wjêh&

.=;a;s, ldjHh rpkd lrk ,oafoa jE;a;Efõ ysñhka úisks' Wka jykafia jhU

m<df;a i;a fldar<fha my< fodf<dia m;a;=fõ jE;a;Ej kï .fuys Wmkafkls'

mµ 511lska iukaú; .=;a;s, ldjHh .=;a;s, cd;lh weiqfrka ks¾udKh jQjls'

.=;a;s, ldjHh rpkd lrk f,i wdrdOkh lrk ,oafoa isß merl=ïnd rcqg

fiajh l< w.ue;sjrfhl= jQ i,dj; chmd, ue;s÷ka úisks'

.=;a;s, ldjHhg mdol jQ l:d jia;=j ieflúka fufia h' WfoakS mqrhg meñKs

fjf<÷ka w;ska .=;a;s, weÿre;=udf.a lS¾;sh ms<sn|j ±k .;a uQis, kï ;reK

.dkaO¾jhd nrKeig meñKsfha ùKd Ys,amh ye±Íug hs' ;u .=rejrhd ±k

isá ish¨ Ys,amfhys fl< meñKs uQis," rdc iNdfjys fiajhg .sfha .=;a;s,

weÿre;=udf.a Woõfjks' tys § ;ud .=rejrhd yd iudk hehs is;+ uQis, f;fï

iudk fiajhg iudk jegqma b,a,d isáfha h' f.da,hd .=rejrhd ;rï u olaI hehs

rc;=ud fkd ms<s.;a fyhska rcqf.a ksfhda.h mßÈ uQis, ;reKhd ;u .=rejrhd

yd jdohlg iQodkï úh' fï wNsfhda.h ksid .=rejrhdf.a is; fl;rï fõokdjg

m;a ù o h;a tA fya;=fjka ilafoõ rcqf.a m`vqmq,a wiak o yqKq úh' ilafoõ rcq

ueÈy;a ùfuka ;r. ìfï § m%;sjdÈhd wmlS¾;shg m;a lsÍug .=;a;s, .dkaO¾jhdg

yels úh' foõf,dfjka ng iqrÕkkaf.a /Õ=ï n,kakg nrKeia kqjrekag yels

úh' ila foú÷f.a werhqfuka foõf,dj § ùKd jdokhla mj;ajkakg o .=;a;s,

weÿre;=udg isÿ úh' tys § fojÕfkda ;uka foõ f,dj Wm; ,enQ ieá weÿß÷g

fy<s lrñka l=i,dksixi uysuh lshd mEy'

jE;a;Efõ ysñ ;u ldjH ix.%yh ks¾udKh lsÍug fya;= jQ isÿùu ms<sn| m%lg

ckm%jdohla fjhs' jE;a;Efõ yduqÿrefjda f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñhkaf.a

f.da,fhla jQy' ldjHlrKfhys ,d jE;a;Efõ ysñhka i;=j mej;s yelshdj ÿgq

rdyq, ysñ Wkajykafia flfrys ;ud ;=< mej;s wm%idoh m< lrkakg Wmdhla

fh§ h' ;u w;jeishl= wu;d jE;a;Efõ ysñhkag Èkm;d m,d fld< ;=ka mx.=jla

fnok f,ig Wmfoia ÿkafka h' ;udg zm, fkd lshd m,d fnokZ nj jgyd .;a

jE;a;Efõ ysñ fmr<d .ug jeä w;r" ;ud wlD;{hl= fkd jk nj .=re;=udg

weÕùu i|yd .=;a;s, l:dj w;H¾:fhka u WÑ; neúka ta weiqfrka ldjHhla

mn¢kakg Wkajykafia is;+y'

19

ish mska isßka ire

fo;sia ,l=fKka úis;=re

flf,iqka flfrka ÿre

j¢ï uqks W;=uka ;sf,da.=re

hkqfjka ,>q wl=re folla yd .=re wl=rlska hq;= ‘jdhq .Kfhka’ ldjHh wdrïN

lf<a o tys wksIag úmdl ±k ±k u nj ckm%jdofha ths'

1' .=;a;s, weÿre i|

ùKd jhk f,i b|

mfil mkjk ,o

iqÿiq wiafkl f.diska Wka i|

wkajh) ( .=;a;s, weÿre i| b| ùKd jhk f,i mfil mkjk ,o iqÿiq wiafkl

f.diska Wka i|"

w¾:h ( .=;a;s, weÿre;=ud b| f.k ùKd jhkq msKsi mfil mkjk ,o iqÿiq

wiafkl f.diska Wka l,ays"

úia;r ^1& mfil mkjk ,o ( mekùu kï kshu lsÍu hs' ldg;a fmdÿfõ fkdj

fï wij,dg h" hk kshuh we;sj flkl=g iqÿiq mßÈ ms<sfh, lrk ,o

wiqk" mkjk ,o wiqk hs'

2' fkd ±k u ;ud n,

inhg wjq;a fkd mels<

je| ro mo lu,

fofil uQis,hd o Wka l,

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( ;udf.a n,h okafka ke;s j uQis, o mels<Sula ke;s j iNdjg wjq;a

rcqf.a md lu, je|" me;a;l Wka l,ays"

úia;r ^1& uQis, mels<Sula ke;sj iNdjg wdfõ ;udf.a n, fkd o;a ksid h' ;u

n,fha muK okafka kï jdofhka ;udg ch .; fkd yels nj jgyd

.kS' tfia jQ l, isf;a ffO¾hhla we;s fkd jk fyhska mels<Sula we;s

fõ') wkajh hkq w¾:h .ekSu i|yd mo .<mk ms<sfj< hs'

20

úia;r ^2& ( lu, hkq r;= fk¨ï h' rcqf.a mdo r;a meye nj ie,lSfuka mo lu,

hhs lSy'

3' isÿ fõ ue hs fjfii

uy fndai;=ka woyi

bka iqr mqfrka nei

wjq;a fndai;ayq Èkjk f,i

wkajh ( fjfii uy fndai;=ka woyi isÿ fõ ue hs' bka iqrmqfrka nei fndai;ayq

Èkjk f,i wjq;a"

w¾:h ( úfYaIfhka uy fndai;=kaf.a woyi isoaO jkafka u h' tfia fyhska ÈjH

f,dalfhka nei fndaêi;a;ajhka Èkjk mßoafoka meñK"

4' ler ñ‚ nrK /ia

riska iqr iejq iqjyia

iqrka iy iyieia

fkd ler isáfha wyia l=i ysia

wkajh ( ñ‚ nrK /ia riska iqjyia iqr iejq ler iqrka iy iyieia wyia l=i

ysia fkdlr isáfha'

w¾:h ( ud‚lHdNrK rdYSkaf.a rYañfhka fndfyda foaÿkq ,laI .Kka we;s

fldg Yl% f;fï foaj fiakdjka yd wyia l=i mqrjd isáfha h'

úia;r ^1& Yl%hdf.a yd fiiq foújrekaf.a wdNrKj, ud‚lHhkaf.a rYañh

wyig ke.=K úg foõÿkq rdYshla ke.=Kd fia h'

^2& iyieia ( iyia weia } iyieia' Yl%hd h'

5' fofok u b| fo msg

iõ i; i;ka ;=gq fldg

iqr .|Uqka f,ig

mgka f.k fjK .dhkdjg

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( .=;a;s, uQis, fofokd fome;af;ys ys| f.k" ish¨ i;a;ajhkaf.a is;a

i;=gq lrñka ÈjH .dkaO¾jhka fuka ùKd .dhkdjg mgka f.k"

21

úia;r ^1& .dhkdjg ( we;eï wldrdka; ixialD; Yío isxy,hg ;;aiu j tk

úg wd ldrdka; ù" ‘j’ ldrh tla fõ' jk neõ fmfka' foaYk-foaYkdj

fhdack-fhdackdj" wrdOk-wdrdOkdj wdÈh ksoiqka h'

6' kj;d .s.sßfha

wik f,i is;a msßfha

ler lka ìysßfha

lr; fjK .dhkd ißfha

wkajh ( .s.sßfha kj;d" is;a msßfha wik f,i" lka ìysßfha ler" ißfha fjK

.dhkd lr;"

w¾:h ( .s.sßh fyj;a f>daIdj kj;ajd Ñ;a; m%S;sfhka hqla;j wik f,i" lka

ìysß lr" iudk f,i ùKd .dhkd lrk l,ays"

úia;r ( ùKd jdokh mgka .;a flfKys u ñksiqka w;r l;dny kej;=Kq nj;a"

wka lsis kdohla kEfik mßÈ b;d Wia yçka ùKd kdoh kslauqKq nj;a

fuhska lsheú‚'

7' wm fndai;=ka ñi

wfkll= fkd u wik f,i

iqr rc isg wyi

;;la is÷j hs lS h t ú.i

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( wm fndai;=ka yer wfkll= fkd wik mßoafoka iqr rc wyfiys isg" t

flfKys u “;;la is÷j” hs lS h'

úia;r ( ;r.fha b;d u W.% wjia:dfõ § iqr rc wyfiys isg" fndai;=kag muKla

wefik mßoafoka “;;la is÷j” hs lSfõ h' msßfia m%fndaOh ÈhqKq fldg"

Tjqka ,jd fndai;=kaf.a Wiia ch.%yKh yeu w; m%isoaO lrjkq i|yd

h'

8' .=;a;s, uy ismS

ila foõ niska ie;mS

ñka Èkue hs ±mS

nur ;; m<uqfjka is|mS

wkajh ( myiq h'

22

w¾:h ( uyd Ys,amS .=;a;s, ila foúf.a jpkfhka ika;Dma; j" zfuhska ÈksñZ hs

wdvïnrmhg m;aj m<uq fldg nur ;; is| ±ó h'

^1& ie;mS ( i;m îe;mqïys& Od;=fjka isoaO mQ¾j l%shd h' ika;Dma; ù"

fyd|g u iekiSug m;a ù hkq w¾: hs'

^2& nur ;; ( ùKdfjys m%Odk ;; h'

^3& is|mS ( zis|Z mQ¾j ls%hdjls' zmSZ hkq msh ^mshqïys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; ld,

m%:u mqreI tAl jpk wdLHd;h hs'

9' ;; u;= o iskafoa

ms<su,a om o iskafoa

hi È.; wekafoa

úch isß i| f.k je,ekafoa

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( iskafoa ùKd ;; muKla o@ m%;su,a,jhdf.a o¾mh o iskafoa h¦ lS¾;sh

È.ka;fhys Ñ;%Kh lf<a h¦ úch Y%S ldka;dj le|jd je,| .;af;a h'

úia;r ^1& .=;a;s, weÿre ;; is£u;a iu. úreoaOjdÈhdf.a wdvïnrh o iqka l<

nj;a" lS¾;sh il, È.ka;fhys me;srjQ nj;a ch ;ud fj;g muqKqjd

.ekSfuka ftYaj¾hh ,o nj;a fï moHfhka lshefõ'

10' iqka t ;;ska t i|

miq ler iqrka fjK ko

ÈhqKq ÈhqKq j ko

kslau me;sfr; oi; úksúo

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( tl,ays iskaod jQ tA ;;ska foúhkaf.a ùKd kdoh miq lr fo.=K fo.=K

j kdoh kslaó oY ÈYdj mid lr f.k me;sfrk l,ays"

úia;r ^1& iqka ( is|( îs£fuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; lDoka; h'

11' flf<ys .=K iskafoa

uQis, wkao ukafoa

cfhys f,dn nekafoa

;ud ùKd ;; o iskafoa

23

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( l< Wmldrfhys .=Kh iskaod jQ uQis, wkaoukao jQfha" ch.%yKfhys

f,daNh nekafoa ;u ùKdfjys ;; o iskafoa h'

úia;r ^1& ;; is| jhk l, .=;a;s, weÿref.a ùKdfjka kslauqfKa ÈjH ùKdfjka

kslafuk y~ o mrhk" ÈhqKq ÈhqKq j wefik kdohls' isÿ jQ fohska

wkao ukao jQ uQis, ;udf.a ùKdfõ ;; o iskafoa h'

^2& iskafoa ( îs£fuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; ls%hd" mqreI ,sx." tAl jpk

wdLHd;h hs'

12' wkqjKlï flf<a

.=reka .=K isys fkd flf<a

ko bka fkd m;f<a

whi u h uq¿ Èh; m;f<a

wkajh ( iq.u h'

w¾:h ( .=rejrhdf.a .=Kh isys fkd lf<a h wkqjKlï lf<a h' tA ldrKfhka

kdoh fkd m;f<a h¦ uq¿ f,dalfhys u me;=refKa wmlS¾;sh u h'

13' fo jeks ;=ka jeks ;;

i;r jeks mia jeks ;;

i jeks i;a jeks ;;

fu fia is¢ i| fu wm fndai;

wkajh ( fufia fu wm fndai;" fo jeks ;=ka jeks ;;" i;r jeks mia jeks ;;a"

i jeks i;a jeks ;; o is¢ i|"

w¾:h ( fï wdldrfhka fï wfma fndaêi;a;ajhka fo jk ;=ka jk i;r jk mia

jk i jk i;a jk ;;a o is| Æ l,ays"

14' Èh Èh f.di m< flfrñka imeñ‚

.sh .sh ;ek biajd rka uq;= ñ‚

.sh .sh Èh ko tk fuka f.k ñ‚

ish ish .=Kfhka fjK ko kslañ‚

wkajh ( imeñ‚ Èh f.di Èh m< flfrñka" .sh .sh ;ek rka uq;= ñ‚ biajd"

.sh .sh Èh ko ñ‚ f.k tk fuka fjK ko ish ish .=Kfhka

kslañ‚'

24

w¾:h ( meñ‚hd jQ ch f>daIdj f,dalfhys m%lg lrñka" .sh .sh ia:dkhkays

rka uq;= ñ‚ biajd" .sh .sh ch f>daId ñ‚ f.k tkakd fia ùKd

kdoh ish ish .=Kfhka kslañ‚'

úia;r ^1& ( ;;a ish,a, is| ko kxj;a u .=;a;s,hkag ch meñ‚fha h' kslauqKq

fjK ko flfuka ÈhqKq úh' kdoh ÈhqKq jk ;rug th me;sfrk ÿr

o flfuka jeä fjhs' .=;a;s,hka ch ,n;a u ùKd kdoh ÈhqKq jQfha

meñ‚ ch f.di f,dj m;< lrñka hkakdla fuks' th flfuka

ÈhqKq jQ neúks' tA kdoh hï ÿrlg .sfha kï tys isg th weiqfjda ;=gq

j rka uq;= ñ‚ biaidy' wjik tA ko ish ish .=Kfhka ÈhqKq úh'

túg kslauqKq fjK ko fld;rï ;shqKq ù o h;a me;sr .shdjQ chkdoh

m%;srdj kxjkakd jeks úh'

2& Èh f.di ( ch f>daIdj

^3& Èh ( f,dalfhys

^4& kslañ‚ ( ksl=ï ^kslaófuys& Od;=fjka ieÿKq ksre;aidyl l%shdjls'

w;S; ld, h'

15' msh ika fkd j ìÕ= ±,a /¢ fldmq,S

wjika fkd j fjK kog u l=yq,S

uo ika iqka msfhdúka isá fkdie,S

.c fika is;shï .c isß lsfh,S

wkajh ( msh ika fkdj ìÕ= ±,a /¢ fldmq,S" fjK kog u l=yq,S wjika fkdj"

uo ikaiqka msfhdúka fkdie,S isá .c fika is;shï .c isß lsfh,S'

w¾:h ( mshdm;a ie¨ï ke;s ó ueis iuQyhd /¢ fldmq,a we;s" ùKd kdohg u

l=yq, wjika fkd jk" uo ikais÷Kq iajNdjfhka fkdie,S isá we;a

fiakdj is;shïj, we;=kaf.a iajNdjh m%ldY lf<a h'

úia;r ^1& we;=ka uo lsmqKq l, fofldmq,ska .,k uo c,h mdkh lsÍug ó

ueiafida t;s' tfia tk ó ueiaikag ks;r mshdUñka h<s h<s;a jeiSug

isÿ jkafka we;=ka ks;r lka;, .ik neúks' fuys ó ueiaika mshdm;a

fkd i,d isàug iu;a jQfha ùKd jdokhg wdl¾IKh ù isá we;=kag

lka ie,Su o wu;l jQ fyhsks'

^2& .c fika'''lsfh,S ( m%dŒka iuQyhla tAldnoaOj l%shdjl fhfok nj

yÕjk moh Wla;j isákd l, l%shdj tAl jpk .;a ;ekls' is;shï .c

isß lsfh,Su tla tla we;d fjk fjk u fkd lrk ,o fyhska fhfoa'

^3& lsfh,S ( lsfhd, ^mejiSfï& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S;dLHd; hs' tAl jpk hs'

^4& ±,a ( cd,dj' iuQyh'

25

16' lka l¨ fjK ko weiqfuys f,dìfka

rka riq ±,a fld,y, jk ìfhfka

ika i, fkdj tys ms<srE f,isfka

kka yh fika isáfhda isá u;sfka

wkajh ( lkal¨ fjK ko weiqfuys f,dìfka" rka riq ±,a fld,y, jk ìfhfka"

ikai, fkd j tys ms<srE f,isfka kka yh fika isá u;sfka isáfhda'

w¾:h ( lkg ñysß jQ ùKd kdoh weiSfuys wdYdfjka rka riq ±,a fld,y,

fj;ehs hk ìfhka" pxp, fkd ù tys ms<srE fuka fkdfhla wYaj

fiakdfjda ksi, j ysájk u isáfhda h'

úia;r ^1& fkdfhla j¾.j,g wh;a wYaj fiakdfjda ms<srE f,iska fkdfi,aù

isáhy' ula ksid o@ f.f,ys ne¢ rka ñ‚ f.ä je,a fi,jqfKd;a ñysß

ùKd kdoh fkdwefik neúks'

2& ikai, ( pxp, hk ixialD; Yíoh isxy,g ilid .;a ieá h'

^3& yh fika'''isáfhda fmr lúfha zfikaZ .c& hk jok tAl jpk iajrEmhlska

wjidk ls%hdjg n, mE kuq;a" fuys§ nyq jpkhla f,ig fh§ ;sfí'

17' ks;s ksß÷f. /ljf,ys kshq;af;da

re;s f,i remqfkdo ì| ch .;af;da

me;s frk fjK ko ne÷Kq is;e;af;da

w;s kú .s,sfyk nj fkdu o;af;da

wkajh ( myiq h'

w¾:h ( ksr;=re rcqf.a /ljf,ys fh§ isá" leu;s mßÈ i;=rkaf.a To ì| ch

.;a" me;sfrk ùKd kdofhys ne÷Kq is; we;af;da w;ska wdhqO .s,sfyk

nj fkd u o;ay'

úia;r ^1& rcqf.a ks;H /ljrKfhys fh§ isá wdrlaIl Nghka w;ska wú .s,sySu

Tjqkag o~qjï ,eîug fya;= fjhs' tfia úh yels úm; mjd ùKd kdoh

weiSfuka isysm;a fkd ù .sh nj fuhska yeÕú‚'

^2& w;skú ( w;ska+wú - w;skú îajr ikaêh&

18' uk u;a lrjk ok uq¿ forKd

rij;a jk fjK ko ko lrKd

ijfkd;a i| mqrÕk f,dn ÈjqKd

fkdoks;a orejka welfhka jegqKd 26

wkajh ( uq¿ forK ok uku;a lrjk" lrK ko rij;a jk fjK ko ijfkd;a

i| f,dn ÈjqKd mqrÕk orejka welfhka jegqKd fkd oks;a'

w¾:h ( uq¿ fmdf<da ;,fhys ckhkaf.a is;a u;a lrjk" lrKhka koaO jQ"

rij;a jk fjK ko" lkaj, jegqKq l, wdYdj jeä l< mqrdx.kdfjda

orejka welfhka jegqKq nj fkd oks;a'

úia;r ^1& ;rÕ ùKd jdokfha rij;a nj uekúka meyeÈ,s lrjk jekquls'

^2& lrK ko ( lrK kï jehqfï iu;alï m< flfrk wx. hs'

tAjdfhka jeiqKq koaO ^ko& hs'

^3& rij;a ( ri we;sfha rij;a' wia;H¾:fhys j;a m%;Hh fh§ ieÿKq

;oaê; mohls'

^4& jegqKd ( jg ^jeàfuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; Ndj lDoka;h'

^5& mqrÕk ( Yío m%lD;sh m%:ud nyq jpkfhys fh§ we;'

19' mka is¿ ùKd ko miq neiajQ

uka mskjk fjK kofhka f;diajQ

kka ok leka ÿgqj o ìh isiajQ

ñka r<jq;a .x fjr<g /iajQ

wkajh ( mkais¿ ùKd ko miq neiajQ" uka mskjk fjK kofhka f;dia jQ" kka

ok leka ÿgqj o ìh isia jQ" ñka r< wjq;a .x fjr<g /ia jQ'

w¾:h ( mxpYsLhdf.a ùKd kdoh miq neiajQ" uka mskjk ùKd kdofhka i;=gg

meñ‚" fkdfhla ck iuQyhka ±l;a ìhla ke;s jQ u;aiH iuQyfhda wjq;a

.x bjqr iómhg /ia jQfjda h'

úia;r ^1& uOqr ùKd kdoh <x <x ù wikq ms‚i ud¿ rxpq .x bjqrg wdy'

^2& ñka r< ( tld fuka l%shd fkd lrk neúka /iajQ hs l%shdj nyq jpk

úh'

20' jr fjK ko wiñka is; if;disks

ir yer isfhd;=ka mshm;a úoñks

mqr Ur jiñka isá rÕ l=ï jeks

iqr fikÕg iqriqka mekjQ jeks

w¾:h ( úYsIag jQ ùKd kdoh wiñka is;a i;=áka" .uka yer oud" mshdm;a úoyñka

mlaISka k.rfha wyi jidf.k isáhd jQ wdldrh l=ula jeks ±hs lshf;d;a"

ÈjH iuQyhdg ÈjHdik mekjQ jekak'

27

úia;r ^1& ùKd kdoh wiñka i;=gg m;a mlaISka .uka yer" .ukg úoyd .;a

mshdm;a úysod f.k u wyfia isàu fmkqfKa ÈjH fiakdjg ÈjHdik

mkjd ;sfnkakdla fuks'

2& jeks ( iudk lsÍï w¾:fhys ksmd; hs'

21' fhdod ijka fjK ko ri iq,nj

k|d tlÕ is;a j; fkd u ifldnj

iod l=,h fkdyer u tk wiqnj

tod .sfha ß<jqka ikai, nj

wkajh ( iq,n fjK ko ri ijka fhdod" is;a fkd u ifldn j k|d tlÕ j;"

l=,h yer u iod wiqn j tk ß<jqka ikai, nj tod .sfha'

w¾:h ( myiqfjka ,efnkakd jQ ùKd kdo rihg lka fhduq fldg" is;a fkd

le,ö i;=áka tlÕ jk l,ays" mrïmrd mqreoaog yeuod wfYdaNk f,i

mj;ajd f.k tk ß<jqkaf.a pxp, Ndjh tod my úh'

úia;r ^1& ß<jq ljr od;a pxp, .;s we;af;da h' ùKd kdofhys ri ú£fuka

i;=gg m;a j Tjqkaf.a is;a tlÕ ùu ksid Tjqkaf.a tA mrïmrd.;

ÿ¾.;sh my úh'

^2& ß<jqka ( ß<d ¬ Wka } ß<jqka' j ldrh wd.u úh'

^3& ifldn ( le,öu îxlafIdaN&

22' tud i;ayq fjK ko wiudkh

iud fkd fj;s fldjqf,da Wmudkh

;ud kdo ñys/hs hk udkh

oud thska úkafoda wjudkh

wkajh ( t udi;ayq wiudk fjK kog fldjqf,da Wmudkh iu fkdfj;s' thska

;uka kdo ñys/hs hk udkh oud" wjudkh úkafoda'

w¾:h ( uyi;ayqf.a tA wiudk fjK kog Wmud lsÍug fldjqf,da iqÿiq fkdfj;s'

thska Wka ;ukaf.a kdoh ñysß h hk udkh yer oud" wjudkh úkafoda

h'

úia;r 1& udi;ayq ( uyi;ayq' fuys uyi;ayq hk iïnkaO úNla;s w¾:fhys u fhfoa'

^2& úkafoda ( ú| ^ú£fuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; lDoka; kdu hs'

ú|¬´ } úkafoda m%:ud úNla;sh'

28

23' wik ßiska khs le, Tif<dahd

Tjqk fj; u isákd .=ref<dahd

jhk t fjK ko f,dn u lf<dahd

tÈk jhsr is; isys fkd lf<dahd

wkajh ( khs le, ^t fjK ko& wik ßiska Tif<da h' Tjqka fj; u isákd

.=ref<da jhk t fjK ko f,dn u lf<da h¦ tÈk jhsr is; isys fkd

lf<da h'

w¾:h ( kd. iuQyhd ^tA ùKd kdoh& wikq leue;af;ka /ia jQy' Tjqka <Õ u

isá .=ref<da jhkakd jQ tA ùKd kdofhys f,daNh u lf<da h¦ tA ojfiys

ffjr is; isys fkd lf<da h'

úia;r ^1& .=ref<da kd.hka <Õg u ù isáhy' .=ref<da kd.hka nqÈ;s hs m%lg h'

ùKd kdofhys ñysr ksid tÈk Tjqkag ffjrh wu;l úh'

^2& Tif<da h ( Tir ^/ia ùfuys& Od;=fjka ieÿKq w;S; lDoka; kdu h'

24' ne¢ ok uk jehqfuys weÿfrdahd

ú¢ i;air fjK ir uÿfrdahd

/¢ if;diska iekyqKq b÷frdahd

je¢ ok isß .;a;=h ls÷frdahd

wkajh ( ok uk ne¢ jehqfuys weÿfrda" uÿr i;air fjK ir ú¢ if;diska /£

b÷frda iekyqKq ls÷frda je¢ ok isß .;a;= h'

w¾:h ( ckhdf.a is;a .kakdiq¨ jdokfhys wdpd¾h jQ" i;ajidrhdf.a uOqr ùKd

iajrh úkaokh l<d jQ ikaf;daIfhka /¢ iekyqKq b÷rka we;s ls÷frda

jka§kaf.a wdldrh .;a;dyq h'

úia;r ^1& iekyqKq ( iky îekySfuys& Od;=fjka isoaO w;S; lDoka; h'

^2& b÷frda ( wei" lk" Èj" kdih" lh hk fï my bkaøshfhda h' fjK ko

wid ls÷rka thg ;=;s lrk ksid tA ls÷frda jkaÈNÜghkaf.a isß .;ay'

^3& i;air) ( fndaêi;a;ajhd¦ i;ajidrhd

25' if;dia lrk ùKd ko weiqug

fkdf.dia isák ms,anr .K f.dÿrg

fjfiia reúka ;u uejqj;a nUyg

i|eia ijka fkdl<e hs jQ fkdi;=g

wkajh ( if;dia lrk ùKd ko weiqug f.dÿrg fkd f.dia isák ms,anr .K

fjfiia reúka ;ud uejqj;a" i|eia ijka fkdl<e hs nU yg fkdi;=g jQ'

) ima; iajr f,i o w¾: ±lafõ'

29

w¾:h ( ikaf;daIh Wmojk ùKd kdoh weiSug f.dÿre fidhd fkdf.dia isák

fudkr iuQyhd úfYaI rEmfhka ;uka uejQj;a" ms,a w. ‘weia’ ,l=Kq

‘lka’ fkd lf<a hehs n%yauhdg wi;=g m< l<y'

úia;r 1& ms,anr .K ( fudkr iuQyhd' ms,a /ila we;af;a ms,anr' Wkaf.a .K

îuQyhd& ms,anr .K

^2& i|eia ( i| ¬ weia } i|eia mQ¾jiajrf,dam ikaêh' i|eia kï ms,a w. we;s

weia wdldr i,l=Kq h'

^3& jQ ( j ^ùfuys& Od;=fjka ieÿKq w;S;dLHd;h' fuys ms,anr .K hk

iuQyjdÖ nyq jpk Wla;hg fhÈK'

26' fjfiiska hk ko È.; mqrdhd

wiñka ;=re ysi r|k .srdhd

Wuqfjka .;a ó wU ñhqrdhd

±uqfjka fjK ko u h ñhqrdhd

wkajh ( È.; mqrd hk ko fjfiiska wiñka ;=re ysi r|k .srd Wuqfjka .;a

ñhqre ó wU ±uqfjka ñhqre fjK ko u h'

w¾:h ( È.ka;h mqrd me;sÍ hk ùKd kdoh úfYaIfhka wiñka .ia Wv bkakd

.srjqka wdYdfjka .;a uOqr ó wU ±uQ fyhska ñysß jQfha ùKd kdoh u hs'

úia;r 1& .ia uqÿkaj, isák .srjq ó wU l;s' tfy;a ùKd kdoh b;du;a ñysß ksid"

thg lka muKla fkdj is; o we§ hEfuka" Tjqka .;a ó wU wylg ou;s'

ula ksid o@ ó wU rihg jvd jeä rihla ùKd kdofhys jQ ksid h'

^2& Wuqfjka ( WkauqLfhka' b;d wdYdfjka'

27' re;s jkfm;skeúÈka iquqfjdahd

ks;s ñhq/;s fjK ko<uqfhdahd

is;sú,s ke;s rE ú,i uqfjdahd

;e;s fkd.ks;s ñksiqka iuqfjdahd

wkajh ( re;s jk fm;ska iquqfjda weúÈka" ks;s ñhqre we;s fjK ko w< uqfjda

uqfjda is;sú,s ke;s rE ú,i ñksiqka yuq j ;e;s fkd .ks;s'

w¾:h ( is;al¨ jkfm;ska rxpq msáka meñK ksrka;r ñysß nj we;s ùKd kdohg

wßkd ,o uqLh we;s uqfjda is;sú,s ke;s rEm ú,i ñksiqka yuq j ìhm;a

fkd fj;s'

úia;r ^1& ñksiqkag uqjka .ek o uqjkag ñksiqka .ek o yeÕSula fkd ù h' Tjqka

is;ays jQfha ùKd kdoh mu‚'

30

^2& jkfm;skeúÈka ( jkfm;ska ¬ weúÈka } jkfm;skeúÈka

^3& iquqfjda ( iuQy j

^4& ko< uqfjda ( ko ¬ w< uqfjda } ko< uqfjda w< hkq wr ^weÍfï& Od;=fõ

w;S; lDoka;hs' kdohg úiañ; j lg wer f.k isáhd jQ w< uqj hkak

úiaud¾:h fohs' yqiau Wvg weo lg wer f.k isákafka úiaufhks'

^5& iuqfjda ( yuq j iïuqL j

28' fkdf.diska isg isá jk ksnf|ahd

fjfiiska iqr kr fika fkd uf|ahd

if;diska ú| ú| f,dn fkd isf|ahd

fuf,iska fjK ko wik if|ahd

wkajh ( fkdu| iqr kr fika fkdf.diska ksn| isá jk isg" fjfiiska if;diska

ú| ú|" f,dn fkd is|" fuf,iska fjK ko wik i|"

w¾:h ( fndfyda jQ ÈjH ukqIH fiakdjka neyer fkdf.diska ks;r u isá

;ekaj, u isg f.k" úfYaI i;=áka ri ú¢ñka" fkdis÷Kq wdYdfjka"

fï wdldrfhka ùKd kdoh wik l,ays"

úia;r ^1& ÈjH ukqIH uyd fiakdj isá ;ekaj, u isg fkdis÷Kq wdYdfjka ùKd

kdofhys uOqr iajrh Y%jKh lr;s'

^2& isá jk ( isá fia u hk w¾:hs' ysá bßhõfjka u

29' mgka iqß÷ ÿka Wmfoia isys fldg

bgka fnf,ka ±uqfjka .=<s wyig

;=gka jvk iqr wÕfkda nei isg

mgka .;a;= kj ishhla kegqug

wkajh ( mgka iqß÷ ÿka Wmfoia isys fldg" bgka fnf,ka .=<s wyig ±uqfjka"

;=gka jvk iqr wÕfkda kj ishhla nei isg kegqug mgka .;a;='

w¾:h ( m<uq fldg ila foõ rcq ÿka WmfoaYh isys fldg" wêIaGdk n,fhka .=<s

wyig ±uQ fyhska" i;=g jvk iqr wÕfkda kj iShla nei isg kegqug

mgka .;ay'

úia;r ^1& mgka ( m%:ufhka hk w¾: hs' mgka .ekau wdÈ ;ekays o fhfoa'

^2& bgka ( wêIaGdk

30' <Õ <Õ jd Wkqkg lr jdoh

fkd jrojd ùKd mo jdoh

rÕ wÕ jd iqr-krÕk fíoh

fio lrjd rc inh mfndaoh

31

wkajh ( ùKd mo jdoh fkdjrojd" <Õ <Õ j Wkqkg jdo lr iqrkrÕk rÕ

fíoh wÕjd rc inh fio mfndaoh lrjd"

w¾:h ( ùKd mo jdokh fkdjroaod <x <x ù Tjqfkdjqka yg ;r. lr

iqrdx.kdjkaf.a yd krdx.kdjkaf.a kegqï fjki fmkajd rdc iNdj

jyd m%fndaO lrjd"

úia;r ^1& iqrÕfkda jßka jr Tjqfkdjqkag <x ù ;r.hg kg;s' tfia kgk úg mjd

Tjqyq ùKd moh fkdjroao;s' thska Tjqyq iqrÕkkaf.a yd krÕkkaf.a

kegqïys fjki uekúka olajd rdc iNdj i;=gq l<y'

^2& rÕ ( keàfuys' rx.kfhys

^3& wÕjd ( yÕj ^yeÕùfï& Od;=fjka ieÿKq m%fhdacH mQ¾j l%shdj yÕjd

hkq hs' y ldr f,damfhka wÕjd hkqfjka o jHjydr flf¾'

^4& fio ( YS>%d¾:fhys ksmd; mohls'

31' hgeiska ,k ne,afuka iqr ú,iS

fjfiiska ok uk u;a ler tliS

wyiska nei rÕ .;a rÕ flf,iS

Èis fuka úh úÿ,sh ish oyiS

wkajh( iqr ú,iS hgeiska ,k ne,afuka fjfiiska ok uk tliS u;a ler"

wyiska nei rÕ .;a rÕ flf,i@ úÿ,sh ish oyia Èis fuka úh'

w¾:h ( ÈjH ú,diskSka my; n,d .;a weiska fy<kakd jQ ne,afuka úfYaIfhka

ckhdf.a is;a tAldka;fhka u;a fldg" wdldYfhka nei kegqï .;a

,S,dj ljrdldr o@ úÿ,sh ,laI .Kkla tl úg Èia jQjdla fuka úh'

úia;r ^1& hgeiska ( há weiska } hgeiska mQ¾j iajr f,dam ikaêh

^2& iqr ú,iS ( ÈjH ú,diskSka' ú,diskS hkq ia;%sh hs'

^3& tliS ( tAldka;fhka

32' Èuq;= hiia jka l=iqu irdf.a

kquq;= iqj| u,a me,| irdf.a

ol=;= rÕk iqrÕk rÕ ,df.a

Wu;= fkd fj o flf,il is; ldf.a

wkajh ( l=iquirdf.a Èuq;= hiia jka iqj| kqu;= u,a irdf.a me,| rÕk iqrÕk

rÕ ,df.a ol=;= ldf.a is; flf,il Wu;= fkd fj o@

32

w¾:h ( wkx.hdf.a §ma;su;a lS¾;sh jeks iqj| fkd ñÿKd jQ u,a ysia uqÿfkys

me,| kgkakd jQ ÈjHdx.kd rx. ú,dih olakd l,ays ljrl=f.a is;

flf,il Wu;= fkd jkafka o@

úia;r 1& iqrÕfkda ysia uqÿfka iqj¢ka hq;= u,a me,| f.k kg;s' tA u,a ldufoajhdf.a

lS¾;sh fuks' lS¾;sh iqÿ mdg h' l=iquird fyj;a wkx.hd lduh Wmojhs'

ysi u; u,a me,¢ fulS iqrÕfkda o lduh Wmoj;a'

^2& l=iquird ( l=iqï ir ^yS& fldg we;af;a l=iqïird wkx.hd h' fudyqf.a

ÿkak Wla o~qfjka lrk ,oaols' ÿkq Èh nur je,ls' yS u,a h' tA u,a mia

j¾.hls' tkï fk¿ï" wfidal" wU" oEiuka" ks¨mq,a hk fïjd h'

^3& iqj| kquq;= ( iqj¢ka fkd ñÿK' kquq;= ( kq mQ¾j uq;a ^ñ§fuys& Od;=fjka

ieÿKq w;S; lDoka;h kquq;a hkq h' t<siuh i|yd kquq;= hkq úh'

^4& irdf.a ( ysia uqÿfka' ir ^ysi& ¬ w. ¬ tA } irdf.a'

^5& ol=;= ( Èia ±l=ïys& Od;=fjka ksmka wiïNdjH l%shdj ols; hkq h' t<siuh

i|yd ols;= hkq ù iajr mrrEmfhka ol=;= hkq úh'

^6& ,df.a ( ,d. Yíoh m%ldrd¾:fhys jefÜ' m%ldrh" ieáh" ú,dih hkq w¾:

hs'

33' rE /fia w¢kd f,fia w;a

f,< È§ úÿ,sh mnd

rka rfia tla jk f,fia fjK

kdokQ md ;n ;nd

lïmfia fok ier f,fia foi

n, n,d fk;.ska ind

uï flfia mjiï tfia jr

iqr <÷ka ÿka rÕ iqnd

wkajh ( rE /fia w¢kd f,fia úÿ,sh mnd w;a f,< È§" rka rfia tla jk f,fia

fjK kdo wkq md ;n ;nd" lï mfia ier fok f,i fk;.ska ind foi

n, n,d" tfia jr iqr <÷ka ÿka rÕ iqnd uï flfia mjiï@

w¾:h ( rEm rdYshla w¢kd f,i úÿ,sh m%Nd we;s w;a f,< È§" rka yd riÈh

tla jkakdla fuka ùKd kdohg wkqj md ;nñka" wkx.hd mia ySh

^ks¨mq,a u,a& úÈkakdla fuka fk;.ska iNdj foi n, n,d" tA wdldrhg

W;a;u iqrx.kdjka ÿkakd jQ rx.kfha iajNdjh uï flfia mjiï o@

úia;r ^1& iqrÕkkaf.a w;a úÿ,sh m%Ndfjka ^t<sfhka& hqla; h' Tjqkaf.a ;d,dkql+,

fõ.j;a yia; p,kh rEm rdYshla w¢kakdla jeks h' ùKd kdoh wkqj

mdo ;eîu rkg riÈh tla jkakdla jeks h' fk;a fldkska iNdj foi

fy<k ne,au wkx.hd úÈkakdla jeks h'

33

^2& rka rfia tla jk f,fia ( rka o ri Èh o tla jk f,iska' rka o riÈh

o ukd j tla fõ' ùKd kdohg wkqj ;nk mdo ùKd kdoh iu. ukd

f,i .e<fma'

^3& kdokQ ( kdo ¬ wkq } kdokq" kq hkq kQ jQfha úß; rlskq i|yd h'

^4& lï mfia ier ( lï kï wkx.hdhs' Tyqf.a mia jk ySh kï ks¨mq,a h'

iqrÕkkaf.a fk;a ks¨mq,a jekak' tAjdhska inh foi ne,au wkx.hd mia

jk ySh ú§ula jeks j lduh Wmojhs' mia ^jk& ier hkak úß; i|yd

mfia ier úh'

^5& mjiï ( mji ^mejiSfï& Od;=fjka ieÿKq j¾;udk ld, W;a;u mqreI

tAl jpk wdLHd;hs'

34' mqka uodrd u,a oñka uqÿ

È.= iqks,a jr,i f.d;d

uka uod ls;= ,sh f,iska Wr

;=r ird È,s uq;= ,;d

uka kod jk ñ‚ fujq,a ko

fjK kÈka tla fldg b;d

Wka tod ÿka rÕ ÿfgd;a ;j

ila iem;a ljfrla m;d

wkajh ( mqka uodrd u,a oñka uqÿ È.= iqks,a jr,i f.d;d" ukauod ls;=,sh f,iska

È,s uq;= ,;d Wr;=r ird" uka kod jk ñ‚ fujq,a ko fjK kÈka b;d

tla fldg Wka tod ÿka rÕ ÿfgd;a ;j ila iem;a ljfrla m;d@

w¾:h ( msmqKq uodrd u,a oñka uDÿ jQ" b;d Èla jQ" b;d ks,a jQ flia l,U f.d;d

f.k" wkx.hdf.a lS¾;s ,;dj fuka È,sfikakd jQ uq;= je,ska <h ueo

irid f.k" is;a i;=gq jk ñ‚ fujqf,ys y~ ùKd kdoh yd w;sYhska

ñY% fldg Wka tod ÿkakd jQ rx.kh ÿgqfjd;a ;j Yl% iïm;a;shla

ljfrla m;;a o@

úia;r ^1& uodrd u,a ( foõf,dj we;s u,a fjfiils'

^2& ukauod ls;= ,sh f,iska ( kdáldx.kdjka <h ueog jefgk fia me,¢ uq;=

ud, wkx.hdf.a lS¾;s ,;d jeks h' lS¾;sh iqÿ he hs lõiufha ie,fla'

ukauod hkq wkx.hd h'

^3& ñ‚ fujq,a ko ( mer‚ ia;%Skaf.a bÕáfhys n|kd ,o ue‚la tínQ

wdNrKhls' l=vd ñ‚ f.ä o t,ajQ fuh kgk úg fi,fjhs' bka kdo

me;sfrhs'

^4& ÿfgd;a ( ÿgqj fyd;a' ÿg ¬ fyd;a' y ldr f,damfhka ÿg ¬ T;a } ÿfgd;a" mQ¾j

iajr f,dam ikaê h' wiïNdjH l%shdjls'

34


weÿre i| - weÿre W;=ud

Wka i| - Wka l,ays$ Wkakq fõ,dfõ

mo lu, - mdo kue;s fk`Mï u, ^rEmlhls&

fjfii - úfYaIfhka

/ia /iska - rYañ rdYsfhka

iqr iejq iqjyia - foaÿkq ish oyia .Kkska

iqrka - foújreka

iyieia - Yl%hd îyia¬weia&

fomsg - fome;a;l

iõ i; i;ka - ish¨ i;a;ajhkaf.a is;a

;=gq fldg - i;=gq fldg

.oUqka - .dkaO¾jhka$ jdolhka

.s.sßfha - f>daIdj

msßfha - wdYdfjka" leue;af;ka

ißfha - iudk j

iqr rc - Yl%hd

uy ismS - uyd Ys,amshd

ie;mS - i;=gq j

±mS - tä we;s j

nur ;; - ùKdfõ uq,a ;;$ m%Odk ;;

u;= o - muKla fkdj

ms<su,a om - m%;su,a,jhdf.a$ úreoaOldrhdf.a wdvïnrh$täh

hi - lS¾;sh

È.; - ÈYdjka

ta i| - tA l,ays

iqka t;;ska - levqKq tA ;;ska

ÈhqKq ÈhqKq j - fo.=K fo.=K ù$ jeä jeä ù

wkao ukao - isys uq<d jQ$ fudav

fkdm;f<a - fkdme;srefKa

Èh f.di - ch f>daIdj

Èh - f,dalfhys

m< lrñka - jHdma; lrñka$ m;=rjñka

mska ika - mshdm;a .eiSula

ìÕ= ±,a - ó ueis iuQyhd

fldmq,a - lïuq,a

uo ikaiqka - uo is÷Kq

msfhdúka - iajNdjfhka


weÿre i| - weÿre W;=ud

Wka i| - Wka l,ays$Wkakq fõ,dfõ

mo lu, - mdo kue;s fk¨ï u, ^rEmlhls&

fjfii - úfYaIfhka

/ia /iska - rYañ rdYsfhka

iqr iejq iqjyia - foaÿkq ish oyia .Kkska

iqrka - foújreka

iyieia - Yl%hd îyia¬weia&

fomsg - fome;a;l

iõ i; i;ka - ish¨ i;a;ajhkaf.a is;a

;=gq fldg - i;=gq fldg

.oUqka - .dkaO¾jhka$jdolhka

.s.sßfha - f>daIdj

msßfha - wdYdfjka" leue;af;ka

ißfha - iudkj

iqr rc - Yl%hd

uy ismS - uyd Ys,amshd

ie;mS - i;=gqj

±mS - tä we;sj

nur ;; - ùKdfõ uq,a ;;$m%Odk ;;

u;= o - muKla fkdj

ms<su,a om - m%;su,a,jhdf.a$úreoaOldrhdf.a wdvïnrh$täh

hi - lS¾;sh

È.; - ÈYdjka

ta i| - tA l,ays

iqka t;;ska - levqKq tA ;;ska

ÈhqKq ÈhqKq j - fo.=K fo.=K ù$jeä jeä ù

wkao ukao - isys uq<d jQ$fudav

fkdm;f<a - fkdme;srefKa

Èh f.di - ch f>daIdj

Èh - f,dalfhys

m< lrñka - jHdma; lrñka$m;=rjñka

msh ika - mshdm;a .eiSula

ìÕ= ±,a - ó ueis iuQyhd

fldmq,a - lïuq,a

uo ikaiqka - uo is÷Kq

msfhdúka - iajNdjfhka

35

rkariq ±,a - r;a;rka lsxlsKs$ rka ñKsf.ä fh¥ ±,a

ikai, fkdj - fkdfi,aù

yh - wYaj

ms<srE - ms<su

isáu;sfka - isá jk u

re;s - leu;s

remqfkdo - i;=rkaf.a täh$ wdvïnrh

ijfkd;a i| - weiqKq l,ays îjka+T;a i|&

mkais`M - mxpYsL kï jQ ila foú÷f.a ùKd jdolhd

kka - fkdfhla

ok leka - ck iuQyhd

jr - W;=ï

ir - ixpdrh

mqrZUr - k.rfha wyi

iqr fika - ÈjH fiakdj

iqr iqka - ÈjH wdik îqr+wiqka&

ifldnj - le,ö îxlafIdaN j&

udi;ayq - fndai;dKka jykafia

Wmudkh - Wmudj

Tif<dahd - /iajQy

i;air - ima; iajrh î"ß"."u"m"O"ks&

je¢ ok isß - jkaÈ NÜghkaf.a wdldrh

ms,anr .K - fudkr iuQyh

i|eia - ms,aj, we;s weia jeks mq,a,s

;=re ysi - .ia uqÿka

Wuqfjka - WkauqLfhka$ wdYdfjka

iuqfjdahd - rxpq .eiS$ lKavdhï jYfhka

yuqfjdahd - yuq j

iqr kr fika - foõ ñksia fiakdj

mgka - m<uq fldg$ uq,ska u

bgka - wêIaGdk

;=gka jvk - i;=g jeä lrk

<Õ <Õjd - Tjqfkdjqka yd <x <x j

rÕ wÕjd - wdldrh olajñka

rÕ fíoh - rx.kfhys fjki

fio - jyd

iqr ú,iS - iqrÕkka$ foõ,shka

tliS - tl fia

rkariq ±,a - r;a;rka lsxlsKs$rka ñKsf.ä fh¥ ±,a

ikai, fkdj - fkdfi,aù

yh - wYaj

ms<srE - ms<su

isáu;sfka - isá jk u$isá wdldrfhka u

re;s - leu;s

remqfkdo - i;=rkaf.a täh$wdvïnrh

ijfkd;a i| - weiqKq l,ays îjka+T;a i|&

mkais`M - mxpYsL kï jQ ila foú÷f.a ùKd jdolhd

kka - fkdfhla

ok leka - ck iuQyhd

jr - W;=ï

ir - ixpdrh

mqrZUr - k.rfha wyi

iqr fika - ÈjH fiakdj

iqriqka - ÈjH wdik îqr+wiqka&

ifldnj - le,ö îxlafIdaN j&

udi;ayq - fndai;dKka jykafia

Wmudkh - Wmudj

Tif<dahd - /ia jQy

i;air - ima; iajrh î"ß"."u"m"O"ks&

je¢ ok isß - jkaÈ NÜghkaf.a wdldrh

ms,anr .K - fudkr iuQyh

i|eia - ms,aj, we;s weia jeks mq,a,s

;=re ysi - .ia uqÿka

Wuqfjka - WkauqLfhka$wdYdfjka

iuqfjdahd - rxpq .eiS$lKavdhï jYfhka

yuqfjdahd - yuq j

iqr kr fika - foõ ñksia fiakdj

mgka - m<uq fldg$uq,ska u

bgka - wêIaGdk

;=gka jvk - i;=g jeä lrk

<Õ <Õjd - Tjqfkdjqka yd <x <x j

rÕ wÕjd - wdldrh olajñka

rÕ fíoh - rx.kfhys fjki

fio - jyd

iqr ú,iS - iqrÕkka$foõ,shka

tliS - tl fia

36

rÕ - rx.kh$ kegqu

rÕ flf,iS - wdldrh flfia o

Èis - Èia jQjd$ fmkqKd

Èuq;= - §ma;su;a

hiia - lS¾;sh

l=iquird - wkx.hd

kquq;= - f;dr fkdjQ$ fkdñÿKd jQ

irdf.a - meyem;a$ meyefhka hq;a

rÕ ,df.a - rx. ,S,dj$ rÕk wdldrh

úÿ,sh mnd - úÿ,sh n÷ le¨ï we;s$ úÿ,sh n÷ ldka;sh we;s

rkarfia - r;a;rka yd riÈh

lï - wkx.hd

ier - B;,$ B ir

mqka - msmqKq$ msreKq

u,aoñka - u,aud,dj,ska

iqks,a - b;d ks,ameye;s

ukauod - wkx.hd

ls;= ,sh - lS¾;s ,;dj

Wr;=r - <me;a;$ <ueo

ird - irid

uq;=,;d - uq;=je,a

uka - is;a

k|d jk - i;=gq lrk

ñKs fujq,a - uKs fïL,dj ^mQrdKfha ia;S%ka Wl=f<ys me,¢

wdNrKhls&

ila iem;a - ila foõ iem;$ foõf,dj ila foú ùfï iem;

rÕ - rx.kh$ kegqu

rÕ flf,iS - wdldrh flfia o

Èis - Èia jQjd$ fmkqKd

Èuq;= - §ma;su;a

hiia - lS¾;sh

l=iquird - wkx.hd

kquq;= - f;dr fkdjQ$ fkdñÿKd jQ

irdf.a - meyem;a$ meyefhka hq;a

rÕ ,df.a - rx. ,S,dj$ rÕk wdldrh

úÿ,sh mnd - úÿ,sh n÷ le¨ï we;s$ úÿ,sh n÷ ldka;sh we;s

rkarfia - r;a;rka yd riÈh

lï - wkx.hd

ier - B;,$ B ir

mqka - msmqKq$ msreKq

u,aoñka - u,aud,dj,ska

iqks,a - b;d ks,ameye;s

ukauod - wkx.hd

ls;= ,sh - lS¾;s ,;dj

Wr;=r - <me;a;$ <ueo

ird - irid

uq;=,;d - uq;=je,a

uka - is;a

k|d jk - i;=gq lrk

ñKs fujq,a - uKs fïL,dj ^mqrdKfha ia;S%ka Wl=f<ys me,¢

wdNrKhls&

ila iem;a - ila foõ iem;$ foõf,dj ila foú ùfï iem;

37

wNHdi

my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

01' ta ta wjia:djg .e<fmk f,i úß; fjkia lsÍug l;=jrhd ;=< jQ m%;sNdj

.=;a;s, ldjHh jvd;a rij;a jkakg fya;= ù we;' WodyrK foñka meyeÈ,s

lrkak'

02' .=;a;s, cd;l l:dj ldjHhg keÕSfï § j¾;udk ir, jyr o ldjHuh

úh;a jyr o ukdj .<md .kakg lúhd iu;a ù we;s nj WodyrK foñka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' ;udg ;ud wu;l jk ;rug u ùKd jdokh ñysß nj mejiSug l;=jrhd

ldjH ixl,amkd fhdod .;a wdldrh wmQre h' WodyrK foñka Wla; lshuk

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

04' ‘w¾:h ;Sj% jkafka Yíoh ta yd .e<fmk f,i wkq.; l< fyd;a muKs'’ .=;a;s, ldjHh fï i|yd fyd| u ksoiqkls' meyeÈ,s lrkak'

05' mfilska iquOqr ùKd kdohls' foõ,sfhda ukyr rx.khl fhfo;s' fï

isÿùï mdGlhd bÈßfha Ôjudk lrñka wjia:d ksrEmKh lsÍug l;=ysñhka

fhdod .;a ldfjHdala;s WodyrK foñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

06' ‘jE;a;Efõ ysñhkaf.a m%;sNdmQ¾K lú;ajh úoydmdk legm; .=;a;s, ldjHh

hs'’ WodyrK foñka idlÉPd lrkak'

07' ‘ùKd jdokfha ñysßhdj èjks;d¾:j;a jkafka wjg /ia jQjkaf.a iajNdjh

j¾Kkd lsÍfuks'’ WodyrK foñka fï lshuk ikd: lrkak'

08' ‘ilafoõ rcqf.a Wmldrfhka .=;a;s, .dkaO¾jhd ;u f.da,hd mrdch

lf<a h'’ wod< isÿùï WodyrK f,i f.k Tfí woyi meyeÈ,s lrkak'

38

39

ydkd ySh mdkd w~yefrka oefka 3

lsis hï NdIdjla yd ne÷Kq idys;Hh ta ta NdIdj Ndú; lrk iudcfha iq,uq,

lshdmdhs' fmd;m; lsheùfuka ,;a YslaIKfhka hq;= jQ úh;a m`äjreka úiska

,shk ,o iïNdjH .Kfha idys;Hhl=;a" ckhd w;f¾ u we;s ù ckhd w;f¾ u

wdrËd ù" mej; tk ;j;a ck ldjH idys;Hhl=;a isxy, NdIdj yd ne£ mj;S'

YsIag iïmkak ñksidf.a yeÕSï yd Tjqkaf.a Èú fmfj; weiqfrka ks¾udKh jqKq

ck lúh b;d wE;g .sh b;sydihla we;a;ls'

wkqrdOmqr hq.fha ,shejqKq iq;a; ksmd;wÜG l:dj jk mru;a: fcda;sldfõ

tk mdGhl woyi fufia h' zuÕ winv fl;la rlskd isxy, ldka;djl cd;s"

crd" urK wdÈh ms<sn|j isxy, niska lS .Shla wid iÕ iegkula ry;a jQyZ

fuhska lshefjkafka ck lúh wkqrdOmqr iuh olajd .sh È.= b;sydihla we;s

idys;Hhla nj hs'

ñksia ika;dkh ;=< mj;sk ÿl" lk.dgqj" i;=g" l,lsÍu" ldkaish jeks yeÕSï

yd ne÷Kq ck lúh" tu Ndjhka m%ldYkh lsÍu i|yd ks;e;ska u ks¾udKh

jQjls' ta ksid u ld,fhka ld,hg" m%foaYfhka m%foaYhg ck lúfha fjkialï

±lsh yels h' fmd;am;aj, ,sheùug fmr fï ck lú mej;=fKa tajd Ndú; l<

ñksiqkaf.a u;lfha h' ck lúhg l;=jrfhla ke;' fï idys;Hdx.h ljrl=

úiska fyda ks¾udKh lrk ,ÿj" ld,hla ;siafia Ndú; ùfuka ck;djf.a fmdÿ

whs;shla njg m;ajQjls'

f.dhï lú" fk`Mï lú" l=rlalka lú" me,a lú yd lu;a lú jeks ck lú

lDIsl¾uh wdYs%; iS iEu" jemsÍu" me< fk¿u" f.dhï lemSu yd uevùu jeks

lghq;= yd ne¢Ks' úúO /lshdj, fhfokafkda ;u fjfyi ksjd .ekSu i|yd

m;,a lú" .e,a lú" nUr lú yd mdre lú .ehQy' fl<s fi,a,ï weiqfrka ,S

fl<s" T<s| fl<s" l< f.ä kegqï" TxÑ,s jdrï jeks lú ks¾udKh úh' ke<ú,s

.Sfhka ke<ù iekiqKq orejd WmfoaYd;aul lú wid Ôú;h yev.iajd .;af;a h'

wd.ñl úYajdi yd weoys,s .eñ ckhd w;r iq,n h' iajdNdúl úm;a" f.dú;eka

md¿ ùï yd jix.; wdÈh ksjdrKh lr .ekSu i|yd n,s f;dú,a yd Ydka;s

l¾uj, fhÿKq ckhd foúhka Wfoid mqomQcd meje;ajQy' tys § o fofjd,a uvq"

.ïuvq yd flda,auqr lú .dhkd l<y' úfkdaoh yd YDx.drh uqiq jqKq ck lú o

fjhs' fma%uh yd wdorh m%ldY lsÍug o ck lúh fhdod .;a wjia:d fndfyda h'

f;arú,s lú" úfõlh ±kqj;alñka yd úfkdaofhka .; lsÍu i|yd fhdod .;a

ck lú úfYaIhls'

40

Ôú;fha § ú¢kakg isÿ jk wmuK ÿlaL fodaukiaihka" n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvùï"

wkfmalaIs; jHikhkag m;aùï jeks ÿlanr wjia:d o Wm;" rxlsß lg.Eu" .=re

f.or hdu" jeäúh meñKSu" újdyh yd urKh jeks Ôú;fha úúO wjia:d o ck

lúhg jia;= úIh úh'

isxy, ck lúh ;=< ±lsh yels úfYaI ,laIK lSmhls' tÈfkod Ôú;h yd ne÷Kq

isÿùï yd yeÕSï ck lúfha wka;¾.;h fõ' tfuka u ir, Wmud yd rEml

wdÈfhka rij;a ù we;' Ndj mQ¾K jd.aud,dj ck lúhdg iycfhka Wreu jQjls'

ck lúh úúO úß;aj,ska ri .ekafõ' ta ta ld¾hfha ßoauh yd ne÷Kq úß;

ck lúfha m%Odk ,laIKhls' ke<ú,s .S .efhkafka b;d u ,hdkaú; jQ kdo

ud,djlsks' Tre yd mdre meoùfï § f;dáhd fjfyi jk wdldrh ßoauhdkql+,j

mdre lúfha úß; yd nef|a' f.dhï lú yd fk`Mï lú" ta ta ld¾hhkaf.a rgdj

wkqj .efhhs' TxÑ,a,dj meoafok ;d,hg TxÑ,s jdrï lú .dhkd flf¾'

fmdÿ ckhd w;f¾ Ndú; jk ir, Ôjk rgdj yd ne÷Kq isxy, ck lúfha

úfYaIs; wx.hla jQ ‘±kuq;=lug lS lú’ fyj;a ‘Wmfoia §u i|yd lS lú’ .Kfha

,d ie,flk ck lú lSmhla fuys ±lafõ' fï Wmfoia lú iEu foaYhlg u

Tìk" iEu ld,hlg u .e<fmk tAjd h' ´kE u ;rd;srul" ´kE u jhil miq

jk flfkl=f.a Ôú;h yev .iajd .ekSug tAjdhska ,nd fok Wmfoia" Wmldr

fõ'

.ig flgqu .i uq, mEhqfuka ±fka

ñksyd fkdñksyd hk läifrka ±fka

wuq;= n;a §u w; we,a¨fuka ±fka

ydkd ySh mdkd w~yefrka ±fka

kysk foysk ldf,g mska flreu hq;

jysk l,g l+ßka ú,aj,ska t;

nysk Èfhka foda;la uq;a .f;d;a we;

mksk ß,jqxg bksux lula ke;

jro fmfkk ;rug jerÿKd fkdfõ

jro we;;a kslrefK jev l<d fkdfõ

jro fmfk;s jev kQ.;a whg f,dfõ

jro ke;s flfkla ke; ilsh fï f,dfõ

f.dve,af,a ;ru ±kf.k <s| lmkq

fnd/,af,a ;ru ±kf.k Wv mkskq

lvq,af,a ;ru ±kf.k lo n¢kq

;uqkaf.a ;ru ±kf.k l,a yßkq

41

wei ke;s od fmd; .;af;a lshkag o

o; ke;s od Wla o~q .sks ;mskag o

fjr ke;s od .y.;af;a Èkakg o

hqo we;s od ke;s l. fldia fldgkag o

tla Wk odg Wla oKafâ me‚ fiaud

fjka Wk odg hla fonf¾ jo fiaud

f.diska f.diska lgq w;af;a w. fiaud

b;ska <f|a lßú, ;síngq fiaud

rka úufka isá uq;a ÿl ke;s fjoao

me‚ ófha lE uq;a nv .sks keoao

ñ‚ nr‚ka ieÿ uq;a .; fkdÈroao

me‚jrld .ig;a fyK fkdjÈoao

w÷re lrejf,a m÷rg uqjd fj,d

úÿ,s t<sh ±l .sksyq< Èfha fy,d

wkqka ,shka ±l ;u ,shg ;, ;,d

ÿjk uqjka ±l fkdouka fk¿j m,d


läifrka - .ufka iajrEmfhka

w`vyefrka - iS idk .jhd Èßu;a lsÍug k.k Yíoh

lula ke; - jevla ke;$ m%fhdackhla ke;

ilsh - hy¿fõ $ ñ;=f¾

f.dve,a, - Wia f.dvìï lv

fnd/,a, - .,a fndr¿j

l. - lvqj

hla fonf¾ - ìu idok fonrhla ^tys jik fonreka fndfyda úI

iys; nj .eñ ckhdf.a úYajdihhs'&

.sks yq< - .uk ìufka § wdf,dalh ,nd .ekSu i|yd fmd,a w;="

ykiq wdÈfhka ;kd .kakd mkaou$ yq¿ w;a;


läifrka - .ufka iajrEmfhka

w`vyefrka - iS idk .jhd Èßu;a lsÍug k.k Yíoh

lula ke; - jevla ke;$m%fhdackhla ke;

ilsh - hy¿fõ$ñ;=f¾

f.dve,a, - Wia f.dvìï lv

fnd/,a, - .,a fndr¿

l. - lvqj

hla fonf¾ - ìu idok fonrhla ^tys jik fonreka fndfyda úI

iys; nj .eñ ckhdf.a úYajdihhs'&

.sks yq< - .uk ìufka § wdf,dalh ,nd .ekSu i|yd fmd,a w;="

ykiq wdÈfhka ;kd .kakd mkaou$yq¿ w;a;

42

wNHdi

my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,shkak'

01' WodyrK f.kyer mdñka wmQre wdldrhlg Wmfoia fokakg ck lúhd

;=< jQ yelshdj mµ mka;sh weiqfrka úuikak'

02' hym;a Ôú;hla i|yd ck lúfhka ,o yels wdNdih WodyrK foñka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' ck lúhd ;u ks¾udKh rij;a lsÍfuys ,d ldjHd,xldr fhdod f.k

we;s wdldrh WodyrK u.ska myokak'

04' ck lúfha ±lsh yels iqúfYaI ,laIK" Wmfoia lú ;=< o ±lsh yels h'

WodyrK foñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

05' ‘wjjdo wkqYdikd §fï § lúhd b;d ixhufhka tu ld¾hh bgq lrkakg

j. n,d .ks’ fï m%ldYhg Tn tlÕ jkafka ±’hs fya;= iys;j úia;r

lrkak'

43

neoafoa.u 4f,kdâ jq,a*a ^1880 - 1969&

isxy, ck Ôú;h .ek bx.S%is NdIdfjka ,shejqKq

Village in the Jungle kï iqúfYaI kjl;dfõ l;=jrhd

f,kdâ jq,a*a uy;d h'

1880 j¾Ifha fkdjeïn¾ ui 25 jeks Èk ,kavkfha

flkaisgka Kensington) kqjr" orejka oi fokl=f.ka

hq;= mjq,l ;=kajekshdj f,kdâ isâks jq,a*a orejd

Wm; ,eî h' ,kavkays Ydka; mdjq¨ úµd,h" flaïì%Êys

á%ksá úµd,h hk úµd,j,ska uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,o

Tyq 1902 j¾Ifha § Wmdêh ysñ lr .;af;a h' 1904

Tlaf;dan¾ ui ,xldjg meñKs jq,a*a uy;d uq,ska u

hdmkh m%foaYfha isú,a ks,Odßhl= f,i ish rdcldßh

wdrïN lf<a h' wk;=rej kqjr m%foaYfha o rdcldß

l< t;=ud 1908 § wdKavqfõ iyldr tacka;jrhd f,i ol=Kq m<df;a rdcldß

Ndr .;af;a h' jq,a*a uy;df.a md,k Èia;s%lalh jQfha yïnkaf;dg hs' ;u fiajd

ld,h ;=< § ,;a woa±lSï /ila fmdÈ ne| f.k 1911 § t;=ud kej; tx.,ka;hg

.sfha h' 1912 § ‘weâ,ska j¾ðkshd iafg*ka’ Âdline Virginia Stephen) fufkúh

iu. újdy úh' jq,a*a uy;d ,xldfõ § ;ud ,;a w;a±lSï mdol lr f.k 1913 §

wmQre kjl;djla ,sõfõ h' ta ‘úf,aÊ bka o cx.,a’ ^Village in the Jungle) kï

lD;sh hs'

1960 § kej; YS% ,xldjg meñKs jq,a*a uy;d furg jeishka úiska WKqiqï

f,i ms<s.kq ,eîu;a Tjqkag t;rï ld,hla ;ud .ek u;l ;sîu;a ms<snòj

mqÿuhg m;a jk nj mjid we;' Tyq 1969 wf.daia;= ui 14 jeks Èk tx.,ka;fha

‘frdâfu,ays’ § Rodmell) fuf,dúka iuq .;af;a h' ‘Monk's house’ kï ia:dkfha

t;=ud fjkqfjka ;ekqKq f,dalv iaudrlh fjhs'

f,kdâ jq,a*a uy;dg yïnkaf;dg m%foaYfha Ôj;a fjñka tys úiQ .eñhdf.a is;=ï

me;=ï yd p¾hd rgdj ukd j wOHhkh lr we;' ÿmam;a wysxil wirK .eñhdf.a

ÿ#Å; Ndjh yd l+fgdaml%uj,g yiq ù l%ufhka úkdY jk Tjqkaf.a Ôú; is,s÷ yd

Tyqf.a mjq, weiqfrka m%;sks¾udKh lrkakg .;a W;aidyhla f,i Village in the Jungle lD;sh ye¢kaúh yels h' jfrl iqkaorj Èia jk uy jkh ksrka;rfhka u

ìhlre nj u /f|k wuq;= u ;ekla f,i tu kjl;dfjka fy<sorõ flf¾'

44

fuu kjl;dj ‘neoafoa.u’ kñka isxy,hg wkqj¾;kh lf<a" m%ùK .;a l;=jrhl= jQ

ta' mS' .=Kr;ak uy;d h' uq,a lD;sfhys Ôjh ròjd .kakg iu;a ùu ksid wmg

‘neoafoa.u’ fnfyúka ióm f,i riú¢kakg yelshdj ,eî ;sfí'

‘neoafoa.u’ jeks jQ jk.; mßirh miqìï lr .;a ;j;a l;d /ila isxy,hg

k.d isxy, mdGlhd w;r ckms%h jQ .==Kr;ak uy;d" pQ fpx tka úiska rÑ;

'The Monkey' kue;s .%ka:h ‘jdkrhd’ kñka o wd¾' t,a' iamsÜ,a úiska rÑ; 'Savage Sanctuary' kï .%ka:h zjk irKZ kñka o" 'Vanished Trails' kue;s .%ka:h ‘uelS

.sh ovux’ kñka o ‘Where the white Sambhur roams’ .%ka:h ‘iqÿ f.dakd’ kñka

o mßj¾;kh lf<a h'

is,s÷ ish fidfydhqßh jk l¾,skdydñ o yskaksydñ" mqxÑueKsld hk ÈhKshka o

iu. neoafoa.u kue;s .fuys fjfik ovhlalrefjls' tla ÈhKshl jk yskaksydñ"

.ïuqkaf.a ñ:Hd úYajdihla fya;=fjka urKhg f.dÿre jk w;r mqxÑueKsld .fï

wdrÉÑf.a uiaiskd jk nnqka iu. újdy fjhs' tu újdyhg wdrÉÑf.a mjqf,a

wh úreoaO fj;s' ta w;r;=r .ug tk m%kdkaÿ kue;s fjf<kaod" mqxÑueKsld ish

jiÕhg .ekSug W;aidy lrhs' ish m%h;akh wid¾:l jQ ;ek wdrÉÑ iu. tlaj

nnqka fndre kvqjl mg,jd isr f.hg heùug Tyq lghq;= lrhs' fï ish,af,ka

lïmkhg m;a jk is,s÷" wdrÉÑg iy m%kdkaÿ uqo,d,sg fjä ;nd >d;kh lr

uq,d±kSkag Ndr fjhs' tys § Tyqg Ôú;dka;h olajd isr o~qjï kshu fjhs' fuys

we;=<;a jk kufjks mßÉfþoh neoafoa.u kjl;dfõ B<Õ wÈhr hs'

neoafoa.u

kjfjks mßÉfþoh

.fï meje;ajqK ufyia;%d;a úNd.fha È mqxÑue‚ld o" tys isá kuq;a fmd,sia

Nghd iu. hoa§ l;d l<dg miq is,s÷ yd l;d lsÍug wjirhla wEg fkd ,eì‚'

ufyia;%d;a;=ud;a Èid uy;auhd;a isrlrejd;a miqj od ysñÈßfha u lUqremsáh n,d

msg;a j f.dia isá fyhska mqxÑue‚ld yd .ïuq wjÈ jk úg neoafoa.u mqreÿ ksÈnr

WodiSk iajNdjh u biq¿jd h' is,s÷f.a wKg lSlrej mq¿jka Wml%uhlska nnqka

wdmiq tk;=re l¾,skdydñ;a iu. f.or n,d isákjd úkd mqxÑue‚ld úiska l<

yels wka lsisjla fkd ù h' nnqka isr f.g kshu ùu;a wef.a mshd wEg ke;s ùu;a"

mshdf.a brKu ms<sn|j wef.a isf;a mej;s ìh;a ks;r wef.a ÿl yd fodïki o

ÈhqKq flf<a h' ;udf.a wkd.;h ms<sn| ìhla o wE ;=< mek ke. tkag jks' Ôj;a

jk l%uhla" Bg ms<sfj< fhdod .ekSfï Wml%uhla wEg is;d .ekSu mjd W.yg

jQjls' nnqka wdmiq .ug meñfKk ;=re udi yhla .; lrkafka flfia o hkak

kshu jYfhka wEg is;d .; fkd yels úh' mqxÑue‚ldg yd l¾,skdydñg;a fõ,la

45

wer fõ,la ld udi yhla .; lr .ekSug iEfyk ;rï OdkHhla j;a f.hs b;sß

ù fkd ;snqfKa h' ;ud bÈßfhys ueù ;=nqK Nh ckl wúksYaÑ; w÷re wkd.;h

úiska wE fkd ikaiqka njg m;a lrk ,oa§ h' fuh wEg we;s jQ ;j;a wuq;= ìhls'

fujeks lreKq lSmhlska ìhg m;a jQ mqxÑue‚ld ojfika jeä ld,hla .; lf<a

fï ìhlre is;sú,sj, meg,S f.hs msf,a ys| kslgg w; ;nd.;a .uka h' l=vd l,

is,s÷ lS jkfhys ux uq<d jQ ovhlaldrhskaf.a l;d wEg isys úh' Tjqka tod ìhjkag

we;af;a o wo ;udg we;s ù ;sfnk ìh jeks ìhlskehs wEg is;sK' tod Tjqka fuka

wo ;ud o uy jk ueo ;ks ù isák nj;a tod Tjqkag fuka u wo ;udg o u. jer§

;sfnk ieá;a wE ÿgqjd h' tfyhska oeka wEg o fldhs u.l .sh;a tl h'

oeka l¾,skdydñf.a jhi wjqreÿ mKyla muK fjhs' le,Eno .ul .eyekshlg

úfYaIfhka jekaoUq .eyekshlg- wjqreÿ mKy f,dl= jhils' Ôú;fha wjidk

Nd.lg fndfyda <x jQ jhils' wõj yd iq<Õ;a fjfyi;a nv.skak;a f,v ÿl;a

YÍr Yla;sh fuka u udkisl Yla;sh o Wrd fndhs' wef.a iu weghg we,S /,s jeà

.sfha h' <eu úhe<S f.disk' fï .ïj, .eyekshla wjqreÿ ;sy y;<sy jk úg;a

ueye,a,ls' fuys lsisu ñksfyla fyda .eyekshla fyda mrudhqI je<£fuys iu;a

fkd fõ' l¾,skdydñf.a jhi wiQjg jvd wkQjg lsÜgq o lsh lshd fyda wkQjg jvd

ishhg lsÜgq o lshd fyda lSu W.yg ù h' wE t;rï uy¨ h' le,E Ôú;fhys ,l=Kq

wef.a YÍrfhys we£ ;snqfKa h' ksß; È. ;o iq<Õg weUrù wegqjka neyS .sh .yla

fuka wef.a YÍrh o keó weUÍ ;sìK' uqyqfKa;a isyskaj .sh w;amdj,;a iu .il

fmd;a;la fuka f.dryeäj /,s jeà weghg we,S .sfha h' l=Uqla jeks .iaj, msg

fmd;a; ;ekska ;ek b.s,S iqÿj hkakdla fuka wef.a ifï o ;ekska ;ek ÿUqrejka

iqÿ mq,a,s ke.S ;sìK' lïuq,aj, ui Èh ù iu wels<S f.disks' o;a ke;s lg we;=<g

jeÿKq fof;d, kdihg háka fmkqfKa fl<j,ska f;uqKq f¾Ldjla f,isks'

wm%d‚l mg, iys; fofk; /,s jegqK k<,a ;,hg háka ish .Kka /,s w;r

.s,S ;sìK' fofk; wkaOj fkd ;snqK kuq;a fmkSula ke;s fia th ue, ù f.disks'

is; ue, ù hdu ksid h' YÍrhg fmr is; ke;s ù hdu idudkHfhka le,Eno

.ïj, .eyekqka w;r nyq,j olskakg ,efnk O¾u;djls' tAldldr Ôú;h;a" ±ä

WKqiqï jd;h iu. fl<jrla ke;s .iq;a" fl<jrla ke;s lïlfgd¨;a yuqfõ

Tjqkaf.a fÉ;kd Yla;sh;a" l,amkd Yla;sh;a" fõokd Yla;sh;a ú,Sk j ñh hkafka

h' fuh isÿjkafka" fyd| foaY.=Khka we;s rgl msßñka msßmqka jQ o .Ekqka orejka

Wiq,kakd jQ o jhil h' msßñ fï wjia:dfõ isáh § mjd fyakaj, l=vd le,h

t<s lr §u" OdkH jemsÍu jeks jevg Woõjg h;s' tfy;a Tjqka tA jev lrkafka

wdidjlska fyda isyshlska fkd fõ' .j uysid§ka fyda hka;%iQ;%dÈhla l%shd lrkakdla

fyda fuks' Tjqyq tjeks lghq;a;l fh§ isg th wjika j wdmiq f.or wd úg ñÿ,g

ù w÷re fofk;a úoyd ysia ne,afuka n,d .;a w; n,d f.k w;la mhla fkd

fid,ajd meh .Kka tl ;eklg ù ys¢;s' fï w;r Tjqka mj;ajk tl u bßhõj

kï isyska È. w;la n| jg hjd j÷rl= fuka msg leiSula muKls' .eyekq o l<

/f.k Èh f.k tAug uv iys; Èh j<j,a lrd h;s' f.j, wdydr msi fo;s' fl<ska

láka isákakg mq¿jkalu ;sfnk ;=re Tjqyq ;ukaf.a fldgi bgq l< hq;a;dyq h'

46

ks;r mdfya ;udg u hï foa fld÷rd .kakd Tjqyq lEu l;s" ksod .sks;s' lsisjl=

iu. l;d fkd lr;s' tfia u wka yeu fokd o Wka yd l;d fkd lr;s' Wka Ôj;a

jkqfha fõokdj mjd fyd|yeá fkd oefkk Ôú;fha ikaOHd fiahdfõ h'

l¾,skdydñ o fï ikaOHd fiahdjg blaukska jeà .;a;S h' jkfhys jeãu;a

msßySu;a tlfia fõ.j;a h' is,s÷g yd nnqkag;a úreoaOj kvq úNd.h fyda wdrÉÑ;a

m%kdkaÿ;a ueÍu fyda is,s÷f.a ke;s ùu fyda t;rï wef.a ie,ls,a,g Ndck fkd ù

h' úm;a;s .Kkdjla u isÿ ù.k hk nj isyskhlska fuka wEg fmkS .sh kuq;a"

lreKq jYfhka tAjd i,ld .ekSug wef.a mg, iys; fud<h Yla;su;a jQfha ke;s'

wE flf<a ;udg u f;d,a u;=rd .ksñka isß;a mßÈ-bùï msiSïj,g jefjka Èh

f.kjq;a §u h' wE mqxÑue‚ld iu. l;d fkdl<d h' wE yd l;d lsÍu fyda hï

hï foa wef.ka úpdÍu ksIAM, jevla nj fyd| yeá oek.;a mqxÑue‚ld o l¾,skd

iu. lsisjla fkd fovqjd h'

is,s÷ urŒh oKavkhg m;a lsÍfuka udihlg miq m<uq mej;s iajdNdúl ;;a;ajhg

.u meñ‚ nj neÆ ne,aug fmksK' we;a; jYfhka tys we;s j ;=nqfKa f,dl= u

fjkils' th l=vd .uls-l%ufhka msßyS f.dia wjáka f;rmd f.k tk uy neoaog

n;a ù hk jk.; l=vd .ïj,ska tlls' tl myrlg tl ojilska tys ;=nqKq

f.j,a yfhka tlla ke;s úh' úismia fofkla jQ msßfika y;a fofkla u ke;s

jQy' wdrÉÑrd<f.a urKfhka miqj wdrÉÑ ydñfka-kekafpdydñ-.u yer hkag

;SrKh lr .;a;d h' fyaka jev lsÍug ;rï fkd jevqKq orejka iu. ;j bÈßhg;a

neoafoa.u jdih lsÍug wEg ms<sirKhla ke;' wdrÉÑf.a kEoEhka mÈxÑ j bkakd

fldgf.dv kï fyd|g ù l=Uqre yd fmd,a j;= we;s" wjqreÿ m;d fyd| yeá jeiai

mj;sk iemj;a .uls' ;udg fldgf.dv kEoEhkaf.ka bvï lE,a,la ,nd .; yels

nj;a tys§ ¥ orejkag ysr yso,ka .ekSu jvd fyd¢ka lr .; yels nj;a wE oek

isáhd h' wdrÉÑ udhshd yeu Þu;a lSfõ fï .u lsis l,l lsis flfkl=g j.;=jla

fkdjk idm ,;a .ula nj h' wE fldarf<a uy;auhdf.ka ;djld,slj b,a,d .;a

lr;a;hl ;ud i;= nvq uqÜgq ál;a mgjd f.k <ud <mákq;a legqj fldgf.dv

n,d msg;a jQjd h' wdrÉÑf.a f.hs jdih lrkag flkl= fkdjQfhka th le,hg

weßK' wm, f.k fok wiqn ksñ;s we;af;a hhs o wj;dr wäfldavj,ska msrefKa

hhs o m%isoaOj .sh fï f.hs jdihg tAug ;rï ieyeis jQ lsisfjla .fï fkd jQy'

fï f.h jkhg úreoaOj È. igkl fh§ isák fia fmksK' uq,ska u jeg woaor

l=vd .ia yd m÷re >kj jeã jeg hg lr .;af;a h' fojkq j w¿ meye;s fld< yd

oï meye;s u,a we;s jrd m÷re yd udkd m÷re o" È. ;shqKq lgq we;s mf;dla m÷re

o jeg woaoßka ßx.d wjq;a ñÿ,g;a f.hs ì;a;sj,g yd fodrlvg;a <x úh' wdrÉÑ

f.or ì;a;s iod ;snqfKa .fï wksla f.j, ì;a;sj,g jvd .klug;a Yla;shg;a

h' Bidk È.ska tk ;o iq<Õg .id f.k hkag fmd,a w;= tys fkd ù h' jy<g W¿

fiú,s lr ;snqK fyhsks' Bidk È. iq<Õ yd jeiai o wjqreÿ folla ;siafia W;aidy

fldg;a f.hs ueá ì;a;sj, iúh uev,kakg iu;a fkd ù h' ì;a;sj, ;ekska ;ek

ueá weo jeàfuka jßÉÑ fldagq f;;a iq<Õg wiqùu ksid bka uq,a weo o¨ ,sh,d

47

ßls,s ,d jefvkakg jk' l=re,a,ka f.kjq;a oeuqjd jQ o iq<Õska .id.k wdjd jQ o

weg ksid f.hs jyf,a W¿ w;r f,dl= l=vd m÷re yefokakg mgka .;s' f,dl= o¿la

m÷rla jy, u; jeà W¿ tyd fuyd lrñka uq,a weÿfKa h' ì;a;s w;r le,h jeã

f.h Tnd .;af;ka ì;a;s ì| jeà jy, ìug md;a úh' l=vd r;= W¿ f.dv ;K yd

j,a m÷rej,ska jid .;af;a h' ì;a;sj, jßÉÑ fldagq úYd, m÷re njg jevqfKa h'

f,dl= .ia o u;=jkag mgka .;s' ;=ka fjks jeiai wjidkfha § uq¿ j;af;a;a f.hs;a

le,fha;a fjkila fkdmE h'

wdrÉÑf.a f.h le,hg hdu le,h .u ueog lvd mekSula fuka ù' óg fmr

le,hg yerefKa .fï tA fï fl<jrj, ;=nqK f.j,a jQ fyhska .u le,h ueog

ßx.d tAula thska jQfha ke;s' jQfha álska ál .ug yd;amiska .u l=vd ùu muKls'

tfy;a wdrÉÑf.a f.org le,h lvd je§fuka jQfha .u follg fn§ hdu h'

is,s÷f.a yd nia;shka wmamqf.a o f.j,a fol .fï wksla f.j,ska fjka jQ nj ÿgq

.ïuq ;uka Ôj;a jkafka úkdY fõ.k hk .ul nj f;areï .;ay' fï kekafpdydñ

l,a ;shd lSjls' zfï .u oeka fyd,auka wäfldav msreKq hl=ka wrla .;a ld,lKaks

.uls' <uhska yd uy,a,ka o keiS hkakdla fuka .u;a oeka keiS hhs' tys ±ka <uhs

kQmÈ;a' wjqreÿ oyhlska uq¿ .u u w,skag hkjdg lsis u ielhla ke;Z hkq wef.a

yeÕSu ù h'

flfia jqj;a" .u úkdY uqLfhys h hk yeÕSu .ug;a .ïuqkag;a oekqfKa b;d

fyñks" álska ál h' uq,ska u" ñkS ueÍï kvq úNd. l,n, u. yeÍ .sh úg .u

kej;;a fmr mqreÿ ;;a;ajhg jegqKd fia fmkS .sfha h' fjord< .fï wdrÉÑ

yeáhg m;alr .kakd ,§' mqxÑue‚ld" nnqka tk;=re u. n,d isáhd h' .; jk

ojia .Kk wEg .Kka .; fkd yels úh' wE tA .ek W;aidyhla o fkd l<d h'

i;shla wEg .Kkla muKls' yh udihla udi .Kkls' tfy;a ld,h f.ù hk

ieá n,ñka wE isáfha nnqka tkafka ljod oe hs fmru. n,d f.k h' is,s÷ t,a,d

urkq fkd ,enQ nj;a tA fjkqjg Ôú;dka;h olajd nkaOkd.drhg kshu l< nj;a

fï w;r wEg wikag ,enq‚' tfy;a bka wEg iekis,a,la fkd ie,iqfKa h' wef.a

Ôú;fhka is,s÷ iyuq,ska u fjka ù f.disks' ;j;a Tyqf.a oelSula o n,dfmdfrd;a;=

úh fkd yels h' tfyhska Tyq u<;a isr f.or Ôú;dka;h olajd isáh;a wEg tys

wuq;a;la ke;'

mqxÑue‚ld udihla mdid nnqkaf.a Bu n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isáhd h' fkd lv

n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ksid wE ;=< ;=nqK ìh l%ufhka ;=kS j hkag jk' ;udf.a;a

l¾,skdydñf.a;a Ôj;a ùu i|yd wE úiska fndfyda jev o l< hq;= úh' ìiafia

;=nqK l=rlalka ál blaukska u bjrj .sh fyhska lE yels fld< j¾. w,

j¾. yd m,;=re o fiùug wE jkhg .shd h' fyaka jdrhg wkqkaf.a fyakaj,

nia;shka wmamqf.a" nd,mamqf.a yd mqxÑrd<f.a fyakaj, mjd wE jev l<d h' mska ;ld

wehg ÿka l=rlalka wyqre lSmhlg wE fndfyda fjfyi ù jev l< hq;= jQjd h'

mqxÑue‚ldf.a l,n, ke;s .;sh;a" idka; nj yd hg;a my;a .;sh;a ksid ljqre;a

wE m%sh l< y' mqxÑrd< mjd lSfõ ‘mqxÑue‚ld uqje;a;shla jdf. hs’ lshd h' msiaiq

48

jeoaod fldáfhle hs lshkakg mqreÿ ù isá .ïuq mqxÑue‚ld .ek lSfõ" fldáhf.

meáhd uqfjla fj,d lshd h'

l%ufhka udi .Kkla .; ù .shdg miq mqxÑue‚ld oji mgka .kakg mqreÿ jQfha

wo nnqka f.or ths hk n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjks' B<Õg nnqka fkd meñŒ u oji f.ù

.sh nj ÿgq wE ienúka u udi yhla .; jQfha oe hs ±k .kag W;aidy l<d h' wksla

.ïuqkaf.ka wE tA .ek úuiQ úg Wkaf.ka iuyr flfkla nnqka isrhg f.dia

mia udihle hs lSy' ;j;a iuyr flfkla y;a udihle hs o lSy' tlsfkld iu.

l,y lrñka lE flda .iñka udi .Kk yßhg ;SrKh lr .ekSug ish,af,da u

W;aidy l<y' nnqka ysrhg .sfha isxy, wjqreoaog udi follg fmr h hs lS l,

udi follg fkd j tl udihlg fmrh hs wksflla lSh' ‘udfilg l,ska fjkav

nE-fudlo" ;j keye fyaka lemqfj" jemqrejd ú;rlafk oeka' kE" kE" kE" ;=ka

udfilg l,ska fjkav ´kE' fudavhd ;=kaudihla@ fudlo l=rlalka wkQ od ù

jf.a o@ fudavhd@ ljqo okafka kE fudavhd"’ ‘lg jymkaæ lg jymkaæ fldfydug;a

nnqka .sfha wjqreoaog biair fj,d' wjqreoao myqfj,;a oeka udi yhla fjkjd’ ‘uf.a

fyak jmqr,d oeka yßhg udih hs' ljqre;a wy,d ;sfhkj o wjqreoao myqfj,d udi

myla .syska fyakla jmqrk njla@ wjqreÿ myqfj,d ;j udi ;=klg jeäfh keye'’ mqxÑue‚ld fï nyq l;dj,g lka § meh .Kka isg yekaoEjg lUqremsáh foig

jeà we;s mdr Èf.a álla ÿr hhs' wE tfia hkafka u. § nnqka yuq fõ h hk iaÒr

n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;sj h' is,s÷ lSjdla fuka nnqkaf.a meñŒfuka miq ish¨ u

lror bjr ù Tlafldu fyd| fjhs hk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;sj h' tfy;a nnqka

fkd meñŒ u ojia .;jkag .;jkag wef.a úYajdih;a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j;a fooreï

lEfõ h' wkd.;h ms<sn| ìfhka wE ;e;s .eksK' yh udih kshu jYfhka u .;

ù .sfha hhs yeu fokd u ms<s.kakd oji t<ôfha h' tfy;a nnqka kï meñ‚fha

ke;' Tyqg lsishï úm;la isoaofjkag we;s' nd.fj,djg wikSm fjkag;a mq¿jks'

ke;a;ï ysr f.or uq,doEkskag Tyq u;l ke;s fj,d fjkag mq¿jks' ysr f.or .shd

u ñksyl=g fudkjd fjkjd o lshkav neye" hkdÈh tl tldf.a láka lshfjkag

mgka .;s'

wka;sug wE úuiqfha w¨;a uq,doekshd jQ mqxÑrd< fjord<f.ks' zñksyd wkqudkhla

kE uefrkav we;sZhs Tyq lSh'

mqxÑue‚ldf.a yo fooreï lEfõ h' wE ;udf.a f,dl= weia fol" fjord<f.a

uqyqKg fy¿E .uka fkd ie,S isáhd h' zTõZ ux ys;kjd ñksyd ueß,d hs lsh,'

ysr f.org hk ñksiaiq Wka ysá yeáfh uefrkjd' jeäfhu;a Th nnqka jf.a yhs

y;a;sh we;s ñksiaiq' f,vg fí;a fldÉpr ;snqK;a lrefug fí;a ;sfhkjd he@

ñksiaiq ysr f.or Wkak ysáh yeáfh uq,a,lg .syska jefgkjd; uefrkjd' ±ka

WUg lrkav fohla kE' lrefug fokav fí;a kE' WU fï .fï bkak ljqre yß

lido ne|.kska' b<kaodßfhla ke;akï kdlsfhla jqK;a fudlla o we;s je/oao@

lido ne| .kska' .x bjqfr w,s weg kß wÈkjd lsh,d wks;a w,s .fÕa kdkafka

ke;=j wßkjd o@Z

49

‘rd<ydñ" we;a;g u fï .ek fudl=;a wdrxÑhla okakjd o@ thd u< hs lsh,d oek.kav

,enqK o@

‘ux wymq wdrxÑhla keye' ldf.ka o wdrxÑ wykafka@ WUg wdrxÑhla oek .kav

´kE kï tAlg hkav ´kE ysr f.org' ojia .dkla ;siafia hkav ;sfhkjd' biair

fj,d lUqremsáhg .syska Bg miafia niakd br me;a;g hkav ´kE ;x.,a,g hk

uy mdr Èf.a' ysr f.oßka wymqjdu" WUg oek .kav mq¿jka fjhs'’

mqxÑue‚ld ksYaYíoj u fjord<f.a f.hska fiñka fodrg nei f.or .shd h' isr

f.org f.dia nnqka .ek úuikakg o wE is;d .;a;d h' kka fkd okakd rglg

;ksj hdu .ek isf;k úg mjd wE ;=< ìh Wmka kuq;a fï ielh ysfia ;nd f.k

.fï Ôj;aùu wudre ldrKhla jQ fyhska flfia kuq;a ;x.,a,g f.diska tkag u

wêIaGdk lr .;a;d h' ms<sfh, lr.;a l=rlalka frdá lSmhl=;a .uk .ek weiQ

.ïuqkaf.ka ,enqK ;j;a OdkH weg áll=;a f,akaiqjl T;d f.k wE lUqremsáh

n,d msg;a jQjd h'

lUqremsáh olajd jQ .ufka uq,a fldgfia u. wEg fyd| yeá mqreÿ h' .fï wks;a

.eyekqkag fuka wEg le,h ueo ;ksj hkag ìhla fkd oeksK' wEg .ufka lrorh

fmkqfKa ;x.,a, olajd ngysrg jeà we;s uy mdrg jegqK miqj h' iqÿ ¥ú,s iys;

fl<ska Èfjk uy mdf¾ § wEg Nhdkl úÈfha ;kslula oeksK' ¨Kq fyda ù fyda

megjQ uy nr lr;a; fkd lvjd u. È.g yuqjkakg úh' lr;a;ldrhka krl

ñksiqka nj wE ms<sf.k isáhd h' Tjqka ms<sn|j .ïnoj flfrk oreKq l;djka

wE fyd|g wid mqreÿ h' tfyhska mdf¾ Ôú;h .ek wE fndfyda fihska ìh jQjd

h' ksYap, le,hl ;ksj Ôj;aùu wEg uy ldßhla fkd fõ' wE le,h okS' wE

le,hg whs;s h' tfy;a mdf¾ fkd lvjd wefok ñksiqka fm< kd÷kk uqyqKq"

mÍlaIKd;aul wuq;= ú,dihlska ;ud foi weis msh fkd fy<d laIKhlska n,d

isg" laIKhlska ;ud miq fldg hk weia" wE fï bkafka fld;rï ;ks f,dalhl

o hk yeÕSu wE flfrys we;s lr ù h' ckdlS¾K iuyr .ï ueÈka ìhm;a isj,a

fokl fuka ìfhka we,<S wels<S hk úg wef.a fï ;kslu wEg ±kqfKa jvd;a

n,j;a f,isks' .ïno lv wi, tl;= ù isák msßia" <sx <Õ tl;= ù ´md¥m l;d

lrk .eyekq u. hk tk ñksiaiq hk ish,af,da u úuiqï iys;j wE foi neÆy'

úYd, .Kkla uqyqKq w;r ;ud w÷kk tl o uqyqKla fkd fmksK' lvhlg fyda

f.me,lg fyda <xj rd;%sfha ksod .kag bv fokafka oe hs flfkl= f.ka weiSug

wE ;=< ffOhœhla fkd ù h' ? fnda ù nv .skak;a f;fyÜgqj;a jeä jk úg u.

wi, l=vd ,eyenlg ßx.d ksod .ekSu uekeje hs wE is;d .;s'

mqxÑue‚ld" ;x.,a,g meñfKkag fmr wEg fndfyda fjfyi o nv.sks o oeksK'

k.rfha oe,la fuka tA fï w; jeà ;snqK mgq mdrj,a wef.a N%dka;sh ÈhqKq le/ù h'

wka;sfï § fj<|dïm<g wjq;a jefgk ;=re wE k.rfha tA fï w; weúoaod h' ta

fj<|dïm< wereK ojils' ydrishhla" mkaishhla muK jQ msßi mgq N+ñ Nd.fha

leá ù isáhy' t<j¿" m,;=re" OdkH j¾." frÈ ms<s" ye<s j<ka wdÈ fkdfhla

50

nvqj,ska fj<|fmd< msÍ ;sì‚' yeu fofkla u tlg l;d l<y; tlg lE .eiQy'

w;a md ieÆy' fj<|dïmf<a Yíoh mqxÑue‚ldf.a ìh ÈhqKq flf<a h' tfyhska tA

;ekska jyd m,d f.dia fjk mgq mdrlg jeà thska k.rfha ueo yßfhka ke.=K

l÷ md uq,lg meñ‚hd h' tys fomi f.j,a fkd ;snqK kuq;a lkao uqÿfka úYd,

f.dvke.s,a,la fmksK' tys ñksiaiq fkd isáh y' uy¨ ñksfyla muKla l÷

nEjqfï ys| f.k ., u; úh<s ;K m;a W,ñka isá flÜgq t<fokqka mia fokl=

foi n,d f.k isáfha h'

f>daId iys; l,n, ùÈj,ska ;e;s f.k isá mqxÑue‚ld ck Y+kH ksYap,

ia:dkhlg meñŒu .ek wdkkaÈ;j tys wek ;shd ys| .;a;d h' tys isá

t<fokqka f.ka tflla b| ysg lysk Yíoh;a fj<|dïm< me;af;ka hka;ug

wefik ñksia lg y~;a yer fjk lsisu Yíohla tys fkd ùh' ;ud bÈßfha

;snqK úYd, iqÿ f.dvke.s,a, foi ysi Tijd wE ne¨jd h' ì;a;sj,g ysre t<sh

jeàfuka th §ma;su;a j nene<s‚' nnqka isák ysr f.h fuh úh yels oehs wE

iel l<d h' yduf;a isák t< fokqka mia fokd w;r ys| f.k jqka uy,a,d o

wEg fmfka' Tyq oelSfuka wEg isys jQfha is,s÷ h' Tyq tys fkd ie,S ys| f.k

l÷ mduq, fmd,a .ia foi fk;a fy<d .;a jk u yqkafka h' /l n,d f.k isá

t<fokqkaf.a fuka u Tyqf.a o úh<S wels<S .sh iug háka msysá b< fldagq .Kka

l< yels úh' l,n,ldÍ wdvïnr kd.ßlhka oelSfuka ;e;s .;a mqxÑue‚ldg

Èrdm;a uy,a,df.a oelSu okakd w÷kk ys;j;=kaf.a oelSula fuka úh' uy,a,d o

le,Ejlska t<shg wd flfkl= úh yels h'

mqxÑue‚ld uy,a,d <Õg f.dia Tyq bÈßfha isg .;a;d h' uy,a,d jrla wE foi

fk;a fy<d ne¨fõ h' m,a j;=rl uqyqK; jeiS ;sfnk mg,hlg iudk meyeh

we;s mg,hlska Tyqf.a fofk; jeiS ;sìK' Tyq kej;;a fmd,a wrU foig u ne,au

fhduq fldg ksYap,j yqkafka h'

‘iSfh" wr fmfkkafka ysr f.or o@’

ysre /iska Woa§ma; uy f.dvke.s,a, m<uq jrg oel n,kakl= fuka t foi fiñka

fk;a fy<d neÆ uy,a,d mqxÑue‚ld foig yerefKa h'

‘Tõ" wehs@’ fnd,a ue?ç lg y~lska weiS h'

‘uf. ñksyd tAfl w;=f< fjkav mq¿jks’ hs ysr f.or Wi iqÿ ì;a;sh foi n,ñka

mqxÑue‚ld lSjdh' ‘thd fï ysr f.or tõjd" udi .Kklg biair' tAl fndre

kvqjla' thd udi yhlg ysf¾g kshu jqKd' oeka udi yh myqfj,d' tA;a thd

.ug wdfj kE' ux fï fnfydu ÿr b|,hs wdfj' ug fndfydu uykaishs iSfh' ux

fndfydu lror ú| f.k wdfj thd fidhkak' thd fïl we;=f< we;s'Z

‘uy,a,df.a fofk; h<s;a fmd,a wrU foig u fhduq úh'’ Tyq ye,fyd,aukla

ke;sj isáfha h'

51

‘Wfò .u fldfy o <uhd@’‘ux wdfj neoafoa.u b|,d'’

‘neoafoa.u"’ Tõ ux okakjd' fndfydu biair ysg okakjd tA .u .ek' ud;a tA

me;af;a ;uhs' neoafoa.ug;a tyd uyfj,.u' WU .ug m,hka <uhd'’

‘b;ska uf. ñksyd" iSfh@ thdg fudlo jqfKa’

uy,a,d b;d fiñka ysi yrjd uy ysr f.h foi fk;a fhduq flf<a h' ysre /ia

uy,a,df.a uqyqKg fl<ska jeáK' Tyqf.a uqyqK jhiska yd È<s÷lñka jeyeÍ /,s

jeà wels<S ;sìK' Tyqf.a fofk;a ysr f.hska t<fokl lrd fhduq úh' t<fok

weia fkrjd ysi Èlalr f.k ksYap,j isg ;Èka lyskakg mgka .;s' oE, yl=<jd

f.k wE leiafia b;d fõokdfjks' leiai k;r jqK miq t<fok hul= fidhñka

uy fmdf<dj f;d¨ .dkag jk' uy,a,d ;udg u lshd .kakdla fuka fufia lSfõ h'

‘ljodj;a ñksfyla ´flka t<shg tkafka kE-fldfydu o ñksfyla ´l we;=f<

Ôj;a fjkafk' yeu ;siafiu ì;a;sj,ska jg lr.k' fï gjqkaj, ñksiqkag ´fl

.dKla keye' kuq;a wms ux fyd|g okakjd" ux uyfj,.u ñksfyla' Tkak Th

wyg lef,a ueoafoa .ula; wo jqK;a .ug hkav ux ,Eia;shs" kuq;a ug jhi jeä

hs' ñksfyla kdls WKdhska miafia tAjdfh b|,d jevla keye-kuq;a WU .ug

m,hka' .ula w;a wer,d hk tl uy fudavlula' tAjdfh yeuod u nv.skafk ;ud'

ux okakjd" ug u;lhs" tA;a ;ukafk me,am;hs" ñÿ,hs" lef,hs ;ukag ksoyfia

;sfhkjd' fïjdfh f.daidjhs" l,n,hs" lrorhs ú;rhs' ksïudjlska ke;=j f.j,a'Z

‘tA;a ysr f.oßka wykav ´kE biair fj,d uf.a ñksyd .ek' wehs thd k;r

lr.k bkafk@’

‘´lg .sh ñksfyla ljodj;a t<shg tkafk kE' yenEgu ux okafk keoao@ uf.

mq;;a Th ysr f.g .shd' ;j wo fjkakla weyeg ±lafl kE' thdf. kvqj weyqfj

fï ;x.,af,' uf.a w; ñg ;snqKd' Tlafldu tA kvqj fjkqfjka úhoï l<d' mq;d

ysr f.hska wdmyq tk;=rd ux n,d f.k ysáhd" lsis ojil wdfj kE; tkafk;a kE"

Wfò ñksydg;a tAl u ;ud' oeka WU wdmyq m,hka Wfò .ug'’

mqxÑue‚ldf.a nv.skakg yd f;fyÜgqjg o uy,a,df.a l;dfjka Wmka ika;dmh;a

ÿl;a tl;= úh' wE ksfid,aufka je,fmkag jQjd h'

‘w~, jevla kE <uhd' ux oeka fyd|g u jhi ñksfyla' ug jvd fyd¢ka Th .ek

okak flfkla ;j;a fufy kE" fï ysr f.g .sh flfkla ljodj;a wdmyq wdfõ

kE' WU oeka blauka lr,d .ug hk tl hs jvd fyd|'’

mqxÑue‚ld t;ekska ke.sg fiñka fiñka lkao ke. ysr f.h jfÜ .shd h' tys jQfha

tlu fodrgqjls' tA ;ekska ;ek hlv weK jeoa¥ úYd, >k ,S fodrls' wE ìfhka fodrg

52

;Ügq l<d h' we;=<g fkd wefik ;ru b;d fyñka ;Ügq l<d h' kej; ì;a;shg

we, ù b| f.k n,d isáhd h' meh .Kkla .; úh' lsis u wuq;a;la jQfha ke;s' fodr

jeiQ .uka u h' isr f.h we;=f<ka lsisu Yíohla fkd wefia' lkao mdjq, ;K W,k

t<fokqka miafokd yd uy,a,d yer fmfkk udkhl lsisu if;la ke;' ;ud isák

;ekg ;o ysre /ia jefgk úg ì;a;sfha fyjK Èfjk Èfjk yeáhg tyd fuyd

fjñka fudlla fyda wuq;a;la isÿ jk ;=re wE n,dfmdfrd;a;= iys;j t;ek u Wkakd h'

fndfyda fõ,djlg miq fodr yeßK' ldls we÷ï lÜg,hla yd f;dmamshla o

ye| fmd,a,la w;ska .;a ñksfyla thska t<shg wdfõ h' Tyq wE foi n,d ;shqKq

iajrhlska" ‘kqU fudl o fu;k@’ hs weiqfõ h'

‘uf.a ñksyd n,kav wdjd' whshd" thd udi yhlg ysr f.org tõjd' udi yh oeka

myq fj,d' thd .ug .sfha keye' ñksiaiq lshkjd thd ueß,hs lsh,' tAl we;a; o@’‘fudlla o thdf. ku@ fldfy o .u@’

‘thdf. .u neoafoa.u’

‘ku@Z

‘fldfydu o uu thdf.k ku lshkafka whshd@’

‘wehs fudaäfh fudlla o tA ñksyg lshdmq ku@’

‘thdg lsõfõ nnqka lsh,d'’

‘fudk je/oaog o ysf¾ jegqfK@’

‘tAl fndre kvqjla" wdrÉÑf. f.a ìkaohs lsh,d’

‘´" tA ñksydæ yß Bg miafi tA wdrÉÑ;a uerejd fkao@’

‘Tõ" Tõ" tA uerefj wfma wmafmdÉÑ'’

‘Tõ" th;a fufy ysáhd" WU <Õ i,a,s fyu ;sfhkjd o .Eksfh@’

‘kE whshd" i;hlaj;a kE' wms fndfydu ÿmam;a ñksiaiq'’

‘wd" tfykï wmg nE fuys§ fudl=;a lshkav' WU lUqremsáhg .syska tAcka;

yduqÿrejkag fm;aiula §mka'’

53

‘whshd’ oeka lSjdfka uf. ñksyd okakjhs lsh,d' b;ska ug lSjg we;s je/oao

fudlla o@ thd oeka fufy bkakjd o@ thdg fudlo WfKa@ ojia .dkla ;siafia ux

fuydg wdfj fïl oek.kav' ug ;j;a lror lrkav ud t<jkafka wehs@Z

ysrm,a,d mqxÑue‚ld foi ñks;a;=jla fyda folla muK n,d isáfha h'

‘fyd|hs" lreKdj fõ<sÉp l=Uqrg jeiaila jf.hs lshkjd fkaæ tA;a WU b,a,kafka

fõ<sÉp l=Uqrg ;j;a kshÕ' ux okakjd ñksyd fufy ysáhd' ñksyd fuys§ u<d'

oeka ueß,d udi folla fjkjd'’

ysrm,a,d ;u l;dfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha ysi w;a nod f.k lE .ik .eyekshlf.a

ú,dmhls' tfy;a mqxÑue‚ld ksYaYíoj u t;ekska f.dia kej;;a ì;a;sh woaor

wek ;shd .ekSu Tyqf.a uú;hg fya;= úh' idudkH wkaoug fYdalh m%ldY lsÍug

wef.a is;g jeÿKq myr ;o jeä h' l÷<la j;a fkd fy<d wE n,d isáhd mu‚'

;ud .ug hd hq;= h hk n,j;a yeÕSu;a ;ud ;ksù isák fï k.rfhka msg j

ish .ug hd .; hq;= h hk oeä wdYdj;a wEg we;s úh' tys§ ;udf.a ñÿ,g ù jk

frdog msámiska ysre ieÕù hk ieá n,d f.k ksoyfia isáh yels h' mqkaÑue‚ld

t;k jeä fõ,djla fkd /£ lkafoka my<g neiaid h' uy,a,d ;ju;a tA yqka ;ek

fmd,a wrU foi n,d.;a jk u isáfha h'

‘wd" ljodj;a ´flka msg fj,d tkav bv yïn fjkafk kE ñksfyl=g' ux WUg

lsõjdfka"’ hs ;ud miq lr f.k hk mqxÑue‚ldg wefik fia uy,a,d lSh'

‘thd ueß,d iSfha'’

‘Tõ ´lg .sh flfkla wdfh tkafka kE' WU m,hka <uhd wdmyq .ug'’

‘ux hkjd iSfh'’

54


WodiSk - lïue<s$w,i

W.yg - lsÍug wmyiq$ ÿIalr

ú,Skj - WKq ù$Èh ù

.juysi - t<yrla iy óyrla

mg, iys; - meg¨ï iys;$wmeyeÈ,s

n;a ù - f.dÿre ù

ysr yso,ka - wjdy újdy lr .ekSu

wäfldav - l,n,$úldr$flda,ï

ieyeis - oreKq

N%dka;sh - pls;h$ìh

wdkkaÈ; - i;=gg m;a

Woa§ma; - È,siqKq$nen¿Kq

fnd,a - ysia

ue?ç - l;d lrk Yíoh wmyeÈ,s ùu

f;d¨ .dkjd - ;K fld< W,d lkjd

wyg - m%foaYhg

ika;dmh - lkiai,a,$lk.dgqj

wNHdi

my; iòyka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

1' “wjqreÿ oyhlska uq¿ .uu w,skag hkjd” hs kekafpdydñ lS wkdjelsh

l%ufhka i;Hhla jQ whqre WodyrK foñka úuikak'

2' “neoafoa.u yd tys jeishka l%ufhka wNdjhg hk wdldrh iÔù f,i ksrEmKh

lrkakg l;=jrhd NdIdj Ndú; lr we;s wdldrh WodyrK iys;j meyeÈ,s

lrkak'

3' is,s÷ ms<sn|j “msiaiq jeoaod fldáfhle” hs lS .ïuq mqxÑue‚ld ms<sn|j lSfõ

fldáhdf.a meáhd uqj meáfhla njhs' mqxÑue‚ldf.a pß;h weiqfrka fï

lshuk ;yjqre lrkak'

4' wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfha § l;=jrhdf.a m%;sNdj iaMqg jkafka mdGl is;

ohdkqlïmdfjka mqrjd,Su ksid h' WodyrK weiqfrka ú.%y lrkak'

55

uqks isßmd isôñkafka 5

áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskao ysñ ^1901--1951&

‘áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskao ysñ’ hkq furg cd;sl

ùrjrhka .ek lshefjk wjia:djkays § fkd jer§ u

i|yka jk iqúfYaI kduhls' iqúfYaI;ajh jkafka wm

rg .ek" tys ksoyi .ek buy;a jd;ai,Hhlska ,shQ

- foiQ Wka jykafia Wm;ska Y%S ,xlslhl= fkd ùu h'

áfnÜ rfgys islSï foaYfha Wmka uyskao ysñhkaf.a <ud

ld,h ms<sn| jeäÿr f;dr;=re imhd .ekSu wmyiq h'

tfy;a Wka jykafia 1901 § muK ckau ,dNh ,enQ nj

ms<s.efka' áfnÜ rfgys Wiia fm<m;la jQ ;Is kï.H,a

fm<m;g wh;a uyskao ysñ weia'fla' ;Is kï.H,a f,i

uq, § y÷kajd we;' jhi wjqreÿ fod<fya § muK ish meúÈ fidfydhqrd jQ

tia' mqKaKÔ ysñhka iy c¾uka cd;sl [dKd;sf,dal ysñhka iu. l=vd ;Is

,xldjg meñK we;'

uq,ska u fmd,a.ia¥j wdrdufha kej;S" fld<U úfoHdaoh msßfjkg ne£ bf.kSug;a

tu ld,fha u urodfka uydfndaê úoHd,fhka bx.S%is bf.kSug;a Tyq fhduq ù

we;' ;Is kï.H,a" tia' uyskao ysñ f,i meúÈ nj ,nkafka r;a.u isß pQ,iquk

ysñhka fj;sks' fuf,i wurmqr ksldfha meúÈj fodvka¥fõ ffY,ìïndrdufhys

jev fjfiñka uyskao idufKar ysñfhda ish wOHdmk lghq;= lrf.k .shy'

miqj Wka jykafia fld<U fldïm[a[ ùÈfha fi!.; wdjdih fj; meñKshy'

ta 1930 j¾Ifha h' tys § Wka jykafia mE,shf.dv úoHd,xldr msßfjka wêm;s

¨Kqfmdl=fKa YS% Oïudkkao ysñhka fj; h<s meúÈ jQfha ishï ksldfha NslaIqjl

yeáhg h' uyskao ysñhka Wmiïmod ù we;af;a 1931 j¾Ifha h'

1934-1936 ld, jljdkqj ;=< tia' uyskao ysñfhda fld<U wdkkao úoHd,fha

wdpd¾hjrhl= f,i fiajh lf<da h' tys § Wka jykafia isxy," md,s" nqoaO O¾uh

úIh b.ekaùï lghq;= isÿ lr we;' tia' uyskao ysñhka 1936 j¾Ifha isg jev jdih

lr we;af;a mdkÿf¾ uyfn,a,k YS% iqo¾Ykdrdufha h' tys jir 15la muK jev

fjfiñka úúO iudc wd.ñl idys;H fiajdjka isÿ lrñka isáh § 1951 ud¾;= 16 od

fï Woafhda.su;a nqoaOmq;%hka jykafia yÈisfha wmj;a jQy'

56

tia' uyskao ysñhka jvd;a m%lg jQfha lúhl= yd foaYlhl= f,ig h' Wka jykafiaf.a

idys;H lghq;= fnfyúka u lúhg keUqre úh' tu lú m%Odk f;aud ;=kla hgf;a

wmg y÷kd .; yels h'

1' <uhska Wfoid ,shQ lú

2' foaYdkqrd. yd cd;sldNsudk lú

3' nqoaOdNsjkaokd lú

by; iEu j¾.hl u lú j¾;udkfha § o mdGl" risl" úpdrl wjOdkhg ,laj

mj;S' Wka jykafia ,shQ cd;sldNsudkS lD;s w;r ksoyfia oeyek" ksoyfia uka;%h

iy ,xldud;d ldjH ix.%y ckms%h úh' hg;a úð; md,kfhka ñ§u i|yd l<

ksoyia igkg Wkajykafiaf.a ks¾udKj,ska ,o W;af;ackh iqúfYaI h'

n,jq fmdf,dkakre wkqrdmqr fmfoi

is;jq mej;s ksoyi fuys fmr oji

k.jq ;j ;j;a ;rir ;reK f.di

jfrjq hujq ke.sájq fkdksojq fuf,i

weia' uyskao ysñfhda l=vd orejka Wfoid o ldjH m%nkaO /ila l<y' Wka jykafia

úiska rÑ; <ud ks¾udK uQ,sl jYfhka lõñK" lõuq;= yd <ud lõ l,U hk lD;s

;=fkys ix.Dys; ù we;' Tjd uq;= Wka jykafia ,shQ uq,a u ldjH lD;sh hs' kkaok .S;

Wka jykafia ,shQ ;j;a lD;shls'

fuu mdvug mdol jk ‘ore ke<ú,a, fyj;a cd;sl f;dá,a,’ kue;s §¾> ldjH

mka;sh cd;sl ùr ldjHhla njg m;aj ;sfí' fuh <uhska wruqKq lr f.k uq`M

uy;a cd;sh u wu;k ldjHhls' cd;sl isß;a úß;a" wdl,am yd Ñka;kh leá lr

.;a WmfoaYd;aul ldjHhla jk fuh b;sydi f;dr;=re /ila o iïmsKavkh l<

wjia:djls'

‘cd;sl f;dá,a,’ mµ mka;sh rpkd ùu ms<sn| miqìï l;dj o wmQ¾j tlls' Èkla

uyskao ysñfhda;a Noka; uxcq ysñfhda;a mshodi m,kaiQßh uy;d;a weï'B' m%kdkaÿ

uy;d;a w.kqjr isg uykqjrg f.dia" .kafkdarej yryd há., iqukdrduhg hñka

isáhy' msßi tla;rd fj,ahdhlg msúfik úg fyd|g u ijia ù ;sìK' tu iqkaor

mßirh .ek uyskao ysñfhda jYSlD;j .sfhda h' fj, ueo jQ lu;l fmd,a w;=

me, ÿgq Wka jykafia “wms wo ?g fï mef,a k;r fjuq” hehs fhdackd l<y'

ish,af,da tlÕ jQy' i| myka /fhys fj,ahdh ;j;a iqkaor ù ;sìKs' fmd,a w;=

me, tlu idys;H uKavmhla úh' uyskao ysñhkaf.a is; wuq;= i;=glska msÍ .sfha

h' ú.i mEk yd lvodishla w;g .;a Wka jykafia ‘ore ke<ú,a, fyj;a cd;sl

f;dá,a,’ hk isria;,h fhdod ‘uqks isßmd isôñkafka’ lú mofhka lú fm<la

werUQy' tf,i m,af,a.u flda,dk .fï fj,a hdfha § werô fï lú fm< miq od

57

iqukdrdufha § u ,shd wjika flßK' fï yDoh.%dyS cd;sl ùr ldjHfha Wm; isÿ

jQfha tf,i h' tu ldjHfhka Wmqgd .;a lú lsysmhla fuu mdvug we;=<;a lr

we;'

‘cd;sl f;dá,a,’ foaYdNsudks ldjHfha f;dard .;a lú lsysmhla u;= ±lafõ'

uqks isßmd isôñkafka

iufkd< .sß fmfoiskafka

u| iq<Õhs fï tkafka

uf.a mq;d ksÈhkafka

ksoyi uy uqyqola fõ

tys W,am; mq;" kqU fõ

ta nj isys fldg fu f,dfõ

hq;=lu bgq l< hq;= fõ

cd;sl rK forK uf;a

.eà jeà u< fudfydf;a

iqkaor iqrUqkaf. wf;a

ke<fjk nj is;kq mqf;a

lror oyila yuq ù

bkagels kï iskd fjù

Tyq fuf,djg my< foù

rfclehs i,lkq uekù

;uka ,enQ Èú fmfjf;a

fldgila rg iuh fjf;a

mqo fkdlf<d;a WfUka mqf;a

fuf,djg lsis m,la kef;a

cd;sh rka úukla fõ

wd.u ñKs mykla fõ

th /l .kakg fu f,dfõ

iu;a fjf;d;a mq; kqU fõ

bgq fldg l< hq;= hq;=lï

,enqK;a f,daflka .eryqï

bjikakg mq¿jka kï

WUhs uf.a mq;d W;=ï

58

ldg;a ysñ fmdÿ foa kï

ke;s-neß" ysÕ wjysrlï

fï foa uev f.k oialï

mEu ;uhs iqre úrelï

ñ;=relñka fmrg tf;d;a

¥ú,a,la tlal jqK;a

ñ;=re fjhka mqf;a WU;a

thhs f,dfõ .=Kh uy;a

isks÷ fudf<dla nj uf,yS

msßisÿ nj msks ìf|yS

tla ù ud mq;=f. f<yS

wrla .kS yeu ÈfkyS

wNHdi

1' my; i|yka fhÿïj, wre;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

“lror oyila yuq ù

bkagels kï isky fjù”

“ksoyi uy uqyqola fõ

tys W,am; mq;" kqU fõ”

—ldg;a ysñ fmdÿ foa kï

ke;s-neß ysÕ wjysrlï”

2' fuys cd;sldNsudkS yd foaYdkqrd.S woyia jvjk lú f;dard idlÉPd lrkak'

3' fuu mµ ks¾udKh id¾:l lr .ekSug lúhd fhdod f.k we;s úúO

ldjHuh Wml%u idlÉPd lrkak'

4' fuu ks¾udKh i|yd Wmhqla; NdId ffY,sh ms<sn| we.hSula lrkak'

5' “pß; ixj¾Okhg ks¾udKd;aul woyia bÈßm;a lrk m%;sNdmQ¾K lúfhla

fuu ks¾udKfha § wmg yuq fõ'” fï lshuk idlÉPd lrkak'

59

.x.dfõ ix.S;h 6tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u ^1918 - 1973&

fyajdjiï uqksodi l=v,s.u fyj;a tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u fld<U

hq.fha lúfhls' iajNdj fi!kao¾hh uy;a wNsreÑfhka

j¾Kkd l< lùka w;r fyf;u fjfiiska lemS fmfka'

tfia u Tyq ñksia Èúh yd fidnd oyu w;r we;s in|;d

od¾Yksl mokulska bÈßm;a lf<a h'

j¾I 1918 § l¿;r l=v,s.u § Wm; ,enQ tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u

ñIkdß mdif,ka fcHaIaG mka;sh f;la bf.kqu ,enqfõ h; bka wk;=rej O¾u úch msßfjfkka Wiia wOHdmkh ,enqfõ h' l=v,s.uf.a lúh

nqÿ iufhka fmdaIs; tlla ùug fï msßfjka wOHdmkh o n, mdkakg we;'

mdi,a wOHdmkfhka wk;=rej fld<Ug meñKs l=v,s.u ish /lshdj f,i mqj;am;a

l,dj f;dard .;af;a h' isxy, n,h" ÈkñK" is¿ñK yd ck;d wdÈ mqj;am;aj,

fiajh l< Tyq l,la ‘iqj|’ lú iÕrdj o ixialrKh lf<a h' tiufhys tu

lú iÕrdj jvd;a Ydia;S%h .=Khlska hqla; j mj;ajd f.k hEug fyf;u W;aiql

jQfha h'

ksfodia ksjerÈ nia jyrlska fuka u ukd ixhuhlska ;u lú u. yeisrùug

l=v,s.u ie,ls,su;a jQfha h' md,s ixialD; NdId ms<sn| ±kqu o Tyq i;= jQj;a

fndfyda úg jHjydrhg ióm lgjyrg <x jQ nila Tyq Ndú; lf<a h' fmr o

i|yka l< mßÈ iajNdj fi!kao¾hh yd ne÷Kq lú wdr fya;=fjka ‘isxy, fI,SZ

f,i l=v,s.u m%lg jqj o ngysr lúhl= jQ fI,Sf.a lú Tyq lshjd fkd ;sìKs'

tfy;a Tyqf.a ldjH ixl,amkd fI,Sf.a ks¾udKj,g ióm nj úpdrl woyi hs'

tA flfia jqj;a tÉ'tï' l=v,s.u lúhd ;df.da¾ lsú÷kaf.a ks¾udKj,g ióm jQ

wkaou;a" tAjdfhys wdNdih ,enQ wjia:d;a isys m;a lr we;'

l=v,s.u fld<U lú hq.h §ma;su;a l< lúhl= nj úpdrl u;h hs' mS'î' w,aúia

fmf¾rd" lms, fifkúr;ak" udl÷f¾ .=Kj¾Ok" óuk fma%u;s,l" Wmkkao

ngqf.or wd§yq Tyqg iuld,Sk lùyq fj;s' iqj|" foaÿkak" ójoh jeks lú iÕrdj, o

tl, mej;s mqj;am;aj, o tÉ' tï' l=v,s.uf.a lú ksrka;rfhka m< úh'

Tyq ,shQ ‘wE’ mµ .%ka:h b;d ckms%h úh' l=Kdgqj" tfldau;a tl rgl" ixjdoh

jeks lD;s o Tyqf.a ldjH .%ka: w;r fõ' ukqIH Ôú;h" fidnd oyu yd fma%uh

ms<sn| wmQ¾j w;a±lSï ish ks¾udK u.ska u;= lsÍug iu;a jQ ixfõ§ lúhl=

jYfhka isxy, ldjH jxYfhys fkd ueflk kula igyka l< l=v,s.u lúhd

1973 wf.daia;= 01 od wNdjm%dma; úh'

60

f,da oyu ms<sn| t<s oyrla úáka úg úysÿjk ‘.x.dfõ ix.S;h’ kue;s" l=v,s.u

lúhdf.a meÈ fm< fï mdvfuka bÈßm;a flf¾'

l÷ nEjqul ox - fndaúá m÷re ; <d

my<g we§ mr u,a fm;s bj; fkd <d

l,foda Èfhka fmdÕjd rka mq,sk ; ,d

ix.S;j;a ù hñ bÈßhg . ,d

ieÕfjñ - tfnñ - ksii, fjñ - ii, fj ñ

weUfrñ - tfy;a miq fkdnisñ - fkdkj;sñ

ljod fld;ekl È fyda uy uqyqÿ ys ñ

yuq jqKq flfKys ud i;= nr Tyqg fo ñ

tkafka fldys isg o - fld;eklg o h ka fka

Tn l=ulg o ud ÿgq ;ek úuika fka

ñksiqka .syska ks;r u wdmiq t ka fka

lsu oe hs lshd lsisjl= wehs@ fkdfidhka fka

ó wU - lsr, - udoï f.ä <ore ú fha

welfhys fy<d y`vjhs ie`v iq<Õ / fha

iq<s ueo le/flñka b÷ks,a .eUqre È fha

iuyr ;ekl ,iaik u,a lel=`M ;s fha

ysßu,a iskd /<s fmK ms`vq ñysß ; u

.,a mrj, u yems yems ìys lrñ u u

iu ;eks;,dj, yuq fjhs w,i l u

ksrihs w;ruÕ wjysr kqÿgq ì u

ñksiqka bjqrej, hk tk wä ioafo ka

<h hg ii, nj ñka u;= fkdkefÕoafo ka

flláh ´¨ k<shk Èh /<s ueoafo ka

u,a fm;s úh<s fld< tk w;lg toafo ka

rka ;re msßjrd .;a i| u`v, h g

uy jk ìula ueo .sß l=`M w;r is g

fkdñhk fya,s oyul mKsjqvh ms g

fld÷rñ fl¢ßhla uq`M f,dj ksi, fld g

61


l,foda Èfhka - ß§jka c,fhka

mq,sk ;,d - je,s ;,d

fya,s oyul - ikd;k oyula

wNHdi

01' my; i|yka fhÿïj, woyia meyeÈ,s lrkak'

“l,foda Èfhka fmdÕjd rka mq,sk ;<d

ix.S;j;a ù hñ bÈßhg .,d”

“ó wU - lsr, - udoï f.ä <ore úfha

welfhys fy<d y`vjhs ie`v iq<Õ /fha”

“iu ;eks;,dj, yuq fjhs w,ilu

ksri hs w;ruÕ wjysr kqÿgq ìu”

“fkdñhk fya,s oyul mKsjqvh msg

fld÷rñ fl¢ßhla uq¿ f,dj ksi, fldg”

02' fuu mµ ks¾udKfhka lúhd bÈßm;a lrk Ôjk o¾Ykh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' w;a±lSu rij;aj bÈßm;a lsÍug lúhd NdIdj fhdod f.k we;s wdldrh

idlÉPd lrkak'

04' ri ksIam;a;sh i|yd lúhd Ndú; lrk úúO ldfjHdaml%u úia;r lrkak'

05' lúhd wÔj mßirhg iÔù njla wdfrdamKh lrñka ;u mµ mka;sh id¾:lj

bÈßm;a lrk wdldrh úuikak'


l,foda Èfhka - ß§jka c,fhka

mq,sk ;,d - je,s ;,d

fya,s oyul - ikd;k oyula

62

f,k w;yer hEu 7uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø ^1914 - 1996&

j¾I 1961 wf.daia;= ui 31 jeks Èk m%:u jrg fmardfo‚fha §

rx..; jqKq isxyndyq kdgHh" Y%S ,dxflah l,d fl;g úYsIag

ks¾udK /ila tla l< uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøhkaf.a

ks¾udKhls'

irÉpkaøfhda ,dxflah wkkH;djla iys; kdgH l,djla

ksujd .ekSu fjkqfjka ksrka;rfhka fjfyi .;a wfhls'

Tyq j¾I 1914 cQks 03 Èk ol=Kq m<df;a r;a.u fodvka¥j .fuys

ckau ,dNh ,eî h' Tyqf.a mshd pd,aia ma/kaisia o is,ajd h'

uj ,sähd mska;= h' foujqmsfhda orejdg ‘hQiagia frðfkda,aâ o

is,ajd’ hkqfjka kï ;enQy' mshd ;eme,a ia:dkdêm;sjrhl= f,i úúO m<d;a

fj; ia:dk udre ,o fyhska l=vd l, mdi,a lsysmhl u wOHdmkh yodrkakg

frðfkda,aâyg isÿ úh' .d,a, ijq;a,kaâ úoHd,h" .d,a, ßÉukaâ úoHd,h" .d,a,

Ydka; wef,daishia úoHd,h" mdkÿf¾ Ydka; fcdaka úoHd,h" .,alsiai idka; f;dauia

úoHd,h hkdÈ jYfhks' mdi,a wOHdmkfhka wk;=rej tjl fld<U hqksj¾isá

fld,Sðhg we;=¿ jQ frðfkda,aâ ;reKhd 1936 § iriúfhka msg jQfha f.!rj

Wmdêhla iys;j h' bx.sßis NdIdfjys o ksmqK jQ fyf;u zisf,daka fâ,s ksjqiaZ

mqj;am;g tla úh' 1939 j¾Ifha § rùkaøkd;a ;df.da¾f.a Ydka;s ksfla;k iriúh

fj; .sfha" Ndr;Sh o¾Ykh iy ix.S;h wdÈ fkdfhla úIhhka yodrd kej;

ujqìug meñKsfha h' flá l,la .,alsiai Ydka; f;dauia úÿyf,a .=rejrhl= f,i

fiajh lr" lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i úYajúoHd, fiajhg tla jQ fyf;u miqj"

,kavka úYajúoHd,fha ndysr wfmalaIlhl= ù fmrÈ. o¾Ykh ms<sn|j Ydia;%m;s

Wmdêh ysñ lr .;af;a" fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,hg tla ù fmrÈ. NdId mSGfha md,s

iy fn!oaO o¾Ykh ms<sn| lÓldpd¾h Oqrhg m;a jQfha h' ful, ;ud ckaufhka

,en isá úfoaYSh W!refõ ku fjkqjg ‘jeÈ;ka;s%f.a tÈßùr irÉpkaø’ hk ku

Ndú;hg .;a t;=ud tjlg mqj;am;a i|yd ‘irÉpkaø’ kñka ,sms iïmdokfha

fhÿfKa h'

t;=ud u<.sh we;af;da" u<jqkaf.a wjqreÿ od jeks kjl;d lsysmhla o" ukfï"

isxyndyq" fmauf;da cdh;S fidaflda" mndj;S jeks kdgH lD;s úYd, .Kkla o" úpdr

m¾fhaIK .%ka: fndfyda .Kkla o rpkd lf<a h' Tyqf.a l,amkd f,dalh" idys;H

úoHdj lD;s isxy, idys;H úpdr l,dfjys fkd ueflk igyka h' tmuKla fkd

j msx we;s iriú jrula fokafka kñka iajhx ,sÅ; pß;dmodkhla o t;=ud úiska

iïmdokh flßKs'

63

tÈßùr irÉpkaøfhda Ndr;fha ‘l=udrka wYdka’ úYaj iïudkfhka o" ms,smSkfha

‘/fudka ue.afiih’ iïudkfhka o cmdkfha ‘iaj¾K rc;’ iïudkfhka o msÿï

,enQy'

bl=;a Y; j¾Ih wdrïNfha furg m%p,s;j mej;s àg¾" gj¾fyda,a" ñk¾jd jeks

kdgHj,ska fjkiaj Y%S ,dxflah wkkH;djla iys; kdgH iïm%odhla f.dv ke.Su

fjkqfjka m¾fhaIK l< t;=ud" ta fjkqfjka .ïkshï.ïys ießird wm merKs

f;dú,a-mú,a wNspdr úê" kdv.ï" flda,ï wd§ ixialD;sldx. wOHhkh lf<a h'

tfuka u cmdkh wdÈ wdishdlrfha fjk;a rgj, kdgH iïm%odhka o yeoErefõ h'

tys m%;sM,hla f,i ìys jQ kdgH w;r ‘isxyndyq’ kdgHh uq,a ;ekays ,d ie,lsh

yels h'

fuys f;aud;aul l;d mqj; uydjxYfhys iòyka isxy, cd;sh ìys ùu ms<snò

l;d mqj; hs' kdgHh iòyd tys l;d idrh muKla Wlyd f.k we;' ‘isxyndyq’ ffY,s.; iïm%odfha kdgHhls' tys rfidaoa§mkh iòyd Wmhqla; .S;j;a nia jyr

Tiafia irÉpkaø kï .S; m%nkaOlhd o rislhdg uqK.efihs' oYl myla ;siafia

rx..; jk isxyndyq kdgHh Y%S ,dxflah kdgH jxYl:dfõ m%n, ikaêia:dkhls'

kdgHhl w;HjYH u wx.hla jk ‘.egqu’ b;d m%n,j fuys ksrEmKh fõ'

.;dkq.;sl;ajh iy kQ;k;ajh w;r jk iodld,sl m%;súfrdaOh fï k¿fjys

há fm< fia Èfjk nj úpdrl u;hls'

jx. foaYfha rc l=ußhl jk iqmamd foaúh ish ieñhd jk isxyhd iy isxyndyq"

isxy iSj,S foorejka iu. jkfha fjfihs' isxyhdf.a iajrEmh jeäúhg m;a

orejkag l=;+y,hla okjhs' Tjqyq ta ms<sn|j ujf.ka f;dr;=re úui;s' isxyndyq

kdgHfha t;eka isg l;dj ±lafjk ‘f,k w;yer hEu’ kue;s fojk wxlh fï

mdvug we;=<;a fõ'

f,k w;yer hEu

fofjks wxlh

fmdf;a bkaksih

fu fia yg.;a ìh iel is;ska my lrñ k f;d fia fjñka t ñ.s|d fjfik i| fmñ k n f ia uqúka msg jqK ksid jevqK l=yq,s k ú f ia ih mshdf.a ols;s orefjda Èk È k

îsxyndyq meñfKhs&fmdf;a bkaksih

is; fkdu iekfia ys¢kg fuf,fia Èú ysñfhka fu f,fka fndfyd wdor we;s uq;a ud msh wmyg

64

m, ke; fu Èúfhfka frdia ù tÈfka lS reÿ jofka yo ;=< /õ fokafka wm krhka j. mejiq t wreuh ke; ug jegfykafka wrfKa wmyg ìh meñfKkakg ldrK t<s jkafka msh;=uf.a .; kerUq l, is; l=yq,ska b;sfrkafka ke; iu jkafka fjki fmfkkafka ú,i mshdKkafka flf,i o Tyq yg wm od jQfha wehs uj fkd lshkafka

isxyndyq ( jpkh

f.diska uu fï j. ish,a, uE‚hkaf.ka wid fid¢ka ±k .kafkñ'

^kslau hhs&fmdf;a bkaksih

fkl jr mq;= úiskd wik ,o mek ks idiqmamd foaú ukd we;s ù is; fjfy idisÿ jQ mqj; wkdjrKh lrk f, idfofokd le|jd f.k lSjd ;;= fuf, id

îqmamd foaù meñfKhs&

iqmamd foaù ( bkaksi .S;h

iÕjkakg ;;= neß h mq;=f.ka

ñ.s|d ks;sk fid¢kd fmfkk ú,id

woykafk ke; lSj o uqid

keK uQl=rd f.dia we; mqrd jhid

mjikag ;;= yo ixi,d

ke;s fõ o fifk yer hd o f,fk fkd±kd

j<lkag neß foag msysgd

jkq foúhfka ud wirfKa fkdyerd

ud m%sh mq;Kqjks yd ÿj‚hks" ud fj; tkq uek' Tn fofokdg lsj hq;= lsisjla ;sfí'

îsxyndyq yd isxy iSj,S meñfK;s&

fofokd ( jpkh

wm le|jQfha lsu o lshd ±k .kq leue;af;uq" uE‚hks'

65

iqmamd foaù" isxyndyq" isxy iSj,S ( ;¾.h

iqmamd foaù (

fm%aujka; orefjks ud

ys¢kq lka fhdud

lshñ mqj; iel ÿ/rd

wik ks;sfhkd

uE‚h kqU fofokf. fõ

l=ußhla ukd

mis÷ uyÕ= jx. foafi

krjr yg od

isxyndyq (

lsï o uE‚hks Tn fï

mjik jokd

weia lka weoysh fkdfya h

wefik fu wreud

Tn md uq, ys÷jd ud

jefvk jhfi §

rdc l;d lS úis;=re

±ka isys jkafka

iem ihkd iqj| fndcqka

;=uq, ud,s.d

wE iïm;a yerod wehs

fuf,i fjfikafka

isxy iSj,S (

rdc l=ußfhda m,¢;s

rka ñ‚ nrKd

isks÷ jia;% ye|,d rka

ñßjeä iÕ<d

mska ms~ jeks ud uE‚h

lshkq fkdj<yd

wehs o j,al,d fmdrjd

f,k ;=< bkafka

iqmamd foaù (

isks÷ jia;% ñ‚ wnrK

;=uq, ud,s.d

iqj| fndcqka iem ihkd

ñßjeä iÕ<d

fï ish,a, yerod uu

wdfjñ j,gd

fjfik f,id Tn msh ud

iñ÷ka iu.d

isxyndyq yd isxy iSj,S (

wehs o mshdKka iu.d

f,fkys fjfikafka

yer oud t rdc biqre

Wjÿre w;f¾

ßis fkdù o ud mshdg

jdfi ud,sf.a

ishque,s Tn legqj bkag

fï jkdka;f¾

iqmamd foaù (

wisßu;a jq foals fuf,dj

fm%auh kñkd

jekQ fmdrK lsú÷ka fid|

ri uqiq niskd

ish¨ fNda. jia;= biqre

yß;s fkla ofkda

iõ iem fok is;=ñK jka

fm%auh ikaod

iqmamdfoaù ( jpkh

Tn mshdfKda krfhl= fkd j jkfhys §

ug yuq jQ isxy rdcfhls' Tyq flfrys

we;s jQ fm%auh ksid uu rdc iem yer oud

fï jkfhys fjfiñ" orefjks'

isxyndyq ( iskaÿj

isxyfhla fõ ud mshd

ckaufhka ,;a fï wrkafka

mqreÿ jQ jdfia iod

l=ußhla fõ udf. ujq

W;a;Í;r ckau ,oa§

Wreu jQ hi biqrgd

ug o ysñ fõ jx. rdcHh

m%n, krjr mrmqfrka

l=ula foda fu mdfma f,fka fï úiSfï

fi;la foda

66

hkag ±ka kï ldf, fõ

uE‚hka yd ke.‚ iu.ska

Wrefu wmf.a fidhñkd

jx. foafia fjfik ck;d

flfrys fõ ud hq;=lud

l=ula foda fu mdfma f,fka fï úiSfï

fi;la foda

isxyndyq" iqmamd foaù" isxy iSj,S ( ieye,s

;¾.h

isxyndyq (

uE‚hks lSj Tn nia wid

iksgqyka lr .;sñ

fkdmud j hd hq;= h

fï f,fkka Tn fofok

ud iu. hd hq;= h

jk jdfi yer oud

kr jdfi fidhñkd

wm fofok yg Wreu

Ôú;h fï fkd fõ

iqmamd foAù (

fujka nia fodvkq lsu

Tn mshd yer oud

hd yels o fï f,fkka@

wm ke;sj mshd Tn

<h me<S ueÍ hhs

mqreÿ jQ jk jdfi

fuys iem; fkdiEfy o

Tn mshd iu.skd

fuf;la l,a úkao ud@

isxy iSj,S (

ud mshd yer oud

hkafk wm flf,i foda

j,g f.dia úvd ù

meñ‚ úg ke; flfkla

wyr msi fokakgd

yqfol,d fï f,fka

bkafk Tyq flf,i foda

keoao fj; mshdKka

wdof¾ Tn yfoa

fujka foa lshkagd

fidfydhqrks fmïnrd

isxyndyq (

Tn fofok ud iu.

fkd wdfjd;a hkag fõ

Tn oud fï f,fka

ug Wreu jQ Èúh

ud fidhd hd hq;=hs

kefik ;=re fï f,fka

isáh uq;a wm mshd

wm iu. fkd tkafka

mqreÿ jQ jk jdfi

yer oud lsis Èfka

im, lr .; fkdyel

Ôúf;a fï f,fia

isxy iSj,S (

flfia fyda hd fkdyel

wef;a ;r lr jid

fodr f,fka uy .,sk

msh;=uf. reÿ ;=uq,

ndyq hqj<ska u ñi

neß h fid,jkag th

hkag fkd is;kak ud

fidfydhqrks fmïnrd

isxyndyq" iqmamd foaù ( ;¾.h

isxyndyq (

;=uq, .;ska od

ndyq fnf,ka od

fjñ fia ;soiska od

l=ßre .sðkaod

l=Uq ;, iskaod

,ñ fia flißkaod

ud msh ñ.s|d lrkd úl=uka

wehs ug neß jkafka

;r lr .,skd we;s fodr ;Èkd

bj; oud fjfrkd

uy fyK yçkd myrd ie‚kd

fmr<ñ ndyqfjkd

67

iqmamd foaù (

fkdlrka tf,id msh;=uf.a wK

blauj,d mq;=fka

kmqrehs jkafka wm ieu fokgd

fkdlf<d;a lS f,iskd

isxyndyq (

mgye‚ fjkagd fkdj Tyq wKgd

fjk uÕ .e,fjkagd

fkdfmfkk l,gd ierfikq l=ugd

ud ±ka j<lkagd

^kslau hhs&

fmdf;a bkaksih

iqmamd foaù ( iskaÿj

fõ reÿ fodaid l< fï foa

ud mq;= fkd;ld úmdfla

uqj m;a jQfha

ksh; úkdfia

fï fudfydf;a lsï lrfkï foda

uq<d ù u. fkdfmfka

hkakg fõ ±ka ieñhd yerd

jk jdfika fï mq;= iu.d

orejka fofokd

yg fi;a ,efnkd

u. Tiafia hd hq;= jkafka

fkdie,S lsis fuu fõf,a

foúhka ndrhs ud iñ|d

ud fj; fkdjkq h fldamd

orejka ikaod

lrfkï funkaod

isys fõ yeu l,a yo fidaflka

iud jkq we; jrod

îsxyndyq wdmiq meñfKa&

fia ßú ìïnd m;< f;o n,e;s uyre

fuk rka geïnd ksii, .=Kfhka imsre

ukrï hq. nd § wyi Tijk hqre

fk úl=ï isy nd fmr¿fõ h .,a mqjre

68

isxyndyq ( jpkh

ud ., fmr<d f,ka fodr yeßh nj Tn okafkys h" ue‚hks' wjg f,dalh b;d ruŒh

fõ' lsisÿ ìhla is;g fkd kef.a' Tn yd ke.‚fhda o ud iu. hkag leue;a;yq kï

uf.a wêIaGdkh uqÿka m;a fõ' h<s;a is;d n,kq uekú'

iqmamd foaù ( jpkh

kqUf.a o kqU ke.‚hkaf.a o hym; ms‚i uu kqU mshdKka yermshd hkag iksgqyka

lr .;sñ' ud fufia lrkafka yo ;=< we;s uy;a fõokdjlsks' Èú ysñfhka ud tA

fõokdfjka fmf<k nj oksñ' huq orefjks'

isxyndyq ( jpkh

Tfí iksgqyk b;d fhfyls" uE‚hks" ke.‚h ud jï Wrysi u; o Tn ud ol=Kq

Wrysi u; o ;ndf.k fï f.dr;r jkdka;rfhka t;r jkafkñ'

fmdf;a bkaksih

mqreÿ mßÈ jkfhka fidhdf.k fkla f.dÿ re

ñÕsod ths if;diska fkd±k jQ fia kmq re

±l ., mfil jeà f,k ysiaj ;sì whq re

±ä fidúka f.di k.d jk fm; lrhs ±ÿ re

îsxyhd meñfKhs&

isxyhd isxÿj

.,a f,k ì|,d

f,ka fodr yer,d

isxynd isxynd isxynd

ud fid÷r ud fid÷r ud fid÷r

isxy iSj,S ud ms%h Èh‚h

.,a f,k ì|,d

f,ka fodr yer,d

f.diska yeu fok

kef;a lsisfjla

uu ±k .;sñ

uu iel lf<ñ

isxynd isxynd isxynd

f,k ;=< fkd fj;s

fmr<d fkd t;s

uu ±k .;sñ uu iel lf<ñ

iqr;,a Èh‚h

fud,leá jokska

ud ikikaksh

wyr msikaksh

ljkaksh" fmdjkaksh

ud .ek ìh jkaksh

jkfha ÿlla ù o

wikaksh fidhkaksh

wE;a f.diska h

wehs iqÿ ÿj‚h

kqUj;a fkd isáfh

fidfydhqrd kï

T<fud< .;s we;

kqU fuka uqÿ ke;

Tyqf.a wKg o

lSlre jQfha

fmr<d tkafk o

Tyqf.ka .e,ù

69

fyKhla fia m;s; jQ wyiska

ysi u;g fooreï §

nujd u b÷rka w÷re lrñka

myßkd reÿre

lsï o fkd lshd hkag ldrKd

ù o uk fod< lsis;a fkd msreK

ùo uk fod< lsis;a fkd msrE ud

úiqjd u iu. wd,fhkd

ore rejka fofokl= §

ore rejka fofokl= § u fmïnr

wehs o wreÑ jqfKa

keoao orefjda ud flf¾ ,eÈ

Wkag udf.ka jQfh jro o

Wkag udf.ka lsïo jQ jrod

f.dia fiÈk uu fidhfkñ jkfm;

ishü .u rg kr le, yeisfrk

fkdoks;s yirla kqmqreÿ t ;sfok

meñfKk msßm; j<lkq flf,i o

Èß we;s uq;a mq; krfhls .; uqÿ

f,dj ±l ke; wo jk ;=re lsis l,

^kslau h;s&

wNHdi

01' “orejkaf.a iqn isoaêh ;ld l%shd lrk ujlf.a pß;h iqmamd foaúhf.ka

ixfla;j;a fjhs'” mdvu weiqfrka ksoiqka iys;j úuikak'

02' NdId Ndú;fha § irÉpkaøhka olajd we;s olaI;dj" § we;s kdgH fldgi

weiqfrka úia;r lrkak'

03' “isxyndyqf.a pß;fhka ;reKhl=f.a woyia yd l%shdldß;ajh ukdj ms<sìUq

fõ” mdvu weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

wÕ=,au,a oukh 8 .=re¿f.dañ

^fmdf<dkakre wjêh&

wudj;=r

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a ‘mqßi oïï idrÓ’ .=Kh uq,a fldg f.k .=re¿f.dañ kï

mçjrhd wudj;=r rpkd fldg we;' .=re¿f.dañ mç;=uka úiQ hq.h ksYaÑ; jYfhka

u i|yka j ke;;a" úúO úoaj;a u;j,g wkqj Tyq isá hq.h fmdf<dkakre rdcH

ld,hg wh;a jk nj ms<s.efka'

fuys wka;¾.; mßÉfþo .Kk oywgls' bka m<uq mßÉfþo ;=k jk ÿ¾odka;

oukh" iajika;dk oukh yd mrika;dk oukh hkafkys jia;= ks¾foaYfha ±lafjk

mßÈ fndai;dKka jykafia fmreï oï msrE wjia:d ±lafjk cd;l l;djkaf.ka

wdrïN fldg nqÿrcdKka jykafia foõrï fjfyr ms<s.ekSu olajd jQ l;d" m%ldY

fõ' y;rjk mßÉfþofha tk .Dym;s oukfha § kej;;a jia;= ks¾foaYhla bÈßm;a

lrñka ‘mqßi oïu idrÓ’ .=Kh úia;r lrhs'

tA wkqj Wmd,s .Dym;shd;a" l+go;a; nuqKd;a" wcdi;a rcq;a" wx.=,sud,;a" iNsh

mßn%dclhd;a" iÉpl nuqKd;a" mdÀl mq;% È.ïnr ffckhd;a" iÉp noaOl cá,hd;a"

ndjßl ;jqi;a" YdlH NsCIqj;a" kkafodamkkao kd.rdchd;a" kd,d.sß we;a rcq;a"

wd,jl hlaIhd;a" rdyq wiqßkaøhd;a" nl kï nUyq;a oukh l< wdldrh wudj;=frys

±lafõ' fuys tk ‘kd. oukh’ kï jQ ody;r jk mßÉfþofha muKla fldgia

folla hgf;a ouk folla olajhs' tA kd. Yíofhka m%ldY jk kd.rdchl= oukh

lsÍu;a" kd. Yíofhka u m%ldY jk we;l= oukh lsÍu;a h'

wudj;=r rpkd lsÍfuys l;=jrhdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j l=ulao hkak “fkdúh;a

yq§ ckka i|yd ish niska ud úiska iefLúka olajkq ,efí” hk m%ldYfhka

;yjqre fõ' tkï md,s ixialD; NdId kQ.;a idudkH ckhd i|yd ish niska isxy,

NdIdfjka& fuu lD;sh iïmdokh fldg we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ' wudj;=r .%ka:fhys

NdIdj ms<sn|j úuiSfï § mer‚ isxy, NdIdj o fnfyúka u Wmfhda.s lr f.k

we;s nj fmfka' isxy, l;d l,dfõ ixlaIsma; Í;sh ksrEmKh lrk lD;sh fuhhs'

wudj;=r .%ka:fhys y;ajeks mßÉfþofha we;=<;a jkafka wÕ=,au,a oukhhs'

wx.=,sud,f.a Wmf;a isg nqÿka irK hEu olajd l;dj tys wka;¾.; fõ'

70

wÕ=,au,a oukh

wÕ=,au,a fidryq ±uQ mßÈ lsfi he h;a( fldfid,a rcyqf. N¾. kï mqfrdays;hd ms‚i

uka;d‚ kï neñ‚ .í f.ke ? mq;l= m%ij l<d' Tyq ujq l=iska kslafuk l,e

ish¨ kqj/ wdhqO È,sK' rcqf. hykays ;=nq uÕ=,alvqj o fiiq wú ÿ È,sK' nuqKq

kslaue kl;a;re n,kafka fidrkl;ska Wmka nõ ±ke rcq lrd f.dia “ojia .sh fi

iqj ±@” hs ms<sú;' rc “ojia .sh fi fkdiqj he' ? ud f. uÕ=,a wú È,sK' rchg

fyd Èúhg fyd wka;rdh fjhs hk is;ska ks¢ fkd ,;aó” lS he' “uyrc" fkd nj'

ud f. f.ys l=ufrla Wmk' Wyq f. wkqNdjfhka f;dm f. u;= fkd fjhs" ish¨

kqj/ wdhqO È,sKe” hs lS he' rc t l,ays “lsfula fj@” hs mq¿jq;af;ka “fidfrla

fõ” hs lS he' “tl fidfrla fjhs fyd@ fndfyd fidreka f.ke rg myrkg ksis

fidfrla fjhs fyd@” hs lS he' “tl fidfrla fjhs" uyrc” hs lS he' tfi lshd ;ud

rcq is;a .kakd i|yd “Wyq ye/-mshqj uekeje fyd@ hs lS he' “tl fidrl= neúka

l=ï flfrhsæ ms<so.=j Wyq he” hs lS he' Tyq kï ;nkakdyq “ish¨ kqj/ È,sfhk

whqOfhd lsis flfklakg ysxid fkd l<y” hs ‘wysxil’ kï ;=nQy'

Tyq úh m;a l,ays ujqmsfhd Ys,am W.kakg ;lai,d kqjr kÕd-hjQy' fy O¾udkaf;jdisl

je Ys,am W.kaks' j;aimke" lS lS ±hla jyd imhhs" uk jvk kshdfhka yeisfrhs"

fmï jvk kshdfhka fnfKhs' fiiq orefjd msg;a jQyq' Tyq “wysxil udKjlhd wd

;eka mgka f.ke wems fkd fmfkïy' Wyq lsfi ì÷jïyæ” neKe-.kakdyq “yeu

fokd yg jvd kqjKe;s neúka ‘kqjK ke;af; he’ hs fkdlsh yelal' j;aimkska

‘fkdj;a imke’ hs fkdlsh yelal' ckau we;af;ka ‘wckauj;e’ hs fkd o lsh

yelal' l=ula lrïyæ” hs" “wdpd¾hhd wUqj yd iiÕ we;af; he hs ì|e-mshïy” hs

neKe-f.ke ;=ka /ila je m<uq we;eï flfkla wdpd¾hhd lrd t<ne je|e isáhdy'

“lsï o orefhks@” lSfhka “fuys wefik ±fhla we;s” hs lSy' “lsfule fyd@” hs

lSfhka “wysxil udKjlhd f;dmg jroaohs .;a;dïy” hs lSy' wdpd¾h Wkg ±yeje

“hg;aks" umq;= ud flfrys fkd ì|e-msháhdj” hs fk/-mShe' ‘wfkla jge wfkla /ie’ we;af;d wdy' wfkla jeg wfkla /ie we;af;d wdy’ hs ;=ka /ie ue we;af;d wjqÿ

t fi ue lshd “wm fkd yoyd kï f;ms ue msßlaid n,j” hs lSye'

wdpd¾h Tjqka ;ud ikd we;s je nKk fi ±le ‘weh yd Tyq iiÕ we;s fi he’ hs

ì£ ‘Tyq uró’ is;S' ‘bÈka Tyq uerefhï ùï kï" ‘Èidmdfudla weÿre ;ud lrd Ys,am

W.kakg .sh orejka fodia olajd urhs" lshd jgd,d Ys,am W.kakg tkafkd fkd

fj;s' t fi jkakd yd ug ,dN msßfyhs' t fi neúka Ys,am iuyrhg Wmpdr he hs

lshd ñksiaoyila urkakg lshñ' tldka;fhka thska tflla Tyq urhs” is;d “mq;e"

ñksia oyila uerej uekeje' t fi jkakd Ys,amhg Wmpdr l<d fõ” hs lS he' “wems

wkakg ysxid fkdlrk l=f,ys Wmkakïy' t fi fkdlg yelale” hs lS he' “Ys,amhg

Wmpdr fkdlrkakd M, fkd fohs" mq;e"” hs lS he' fy m[apdhqO f.ke wdpd¾hhd

je|e wgúhg je± wgúhg jokd ;kays ÿ wgúuOHfhys ÿ wgúfhka kslafuk

;kays ÿ isge ñksiqka urhs' ms<S wE lsis wh;shla fkd.kaks' ‘tflle" foflle’ hs

71

.Kka u;= flfrñka fhhs' fu kqjK we; o" m‚jd lrkqjka is;a fkdmsysgk

neúka" l,a h;a h;a .Kkqÿ fkd o;' tflls weÕs,s lmd-f.ke ;nhs' ;=nq ;=nq

;eke weÕs,s kiais' t kiakd fi ±le weÕs,s ú± ud,d fldge OeÍ he' thska fy

‘wx.=,sud,’ kï he'

fy yeu wrKHfhys yir ke;s flf<' or m,d i|yd j,a hkakdyq ke;s'

? .ug je± mhska meye/ fodr .,jd-mshd tys fyd;=jka urd-mshd ‘tflle

foflle’ hs .eKef.k-fhhs' t l,ays .ïjeiafid .ï mshd f.dia kshï.ï jkayd'

kshï.ïjeiafid f.dia kqjr jkayq' ;=ka fhdckla ;kays ñksiayq f. mshd orejka w;e

f.ke f.dia ieje;a kqjr jgd l|jqre ne|e rdcdÙ.Kfhys /ia je “uyrc" ;d f.

rg wÙ.=,sud, kï fidfrla ú he” lshd lshd j,ms;a'

msh nuqKq ‘u ms;a jkafk fjhs’ is;d" ujqneñ‚hg “wÕ=,au,a kï fidfrla Wmk'

fy wfkflla fkd fjhs" ;S ms;a wysxil l=udr he' ±ka rc Tyq .kakg fhhs' l=ula

lg hq;af; he@” hs lS he' “hd ysñ" u mq;= f.ke t” hs lsj' “fid÷r" uï hkakg fkd

ksiafiñ' i;r fokl= flfrys úiajia ke;s( fidr ‘fm/ ud in|y’ hs úiajia fkd

lg hq;af; he' ;ud m<uq wf;dg yqka fld< ‘ud fm/ j<| .;af; he’ hs úiajia fkd

lg hq;af; he' rc ‘ud yd in|y’hs úiajia fkd lg hq;af; he' ia;%S ‘ug jYH he’ hs

úiajia fkd o lg hq;af; he” hs lS he' ujqka jkdys < fuf<la fjhs' thska fyd

“uï ue umq;= f.k tó” kslauqK'

t ojia nqÿyq foõrïys fjfiñka w¨hï iudys f,d n,kakdyq wÕ=,au,a fidryq ±le

‘ud .sh l,e Tyqg fi;a fjhs' .ï ke;s ;eke uy j,ays isáfh isjqmo.hla wid ud

flfrys meúð je rd;a fjhs' bÈka fkd .sfhï kï uj urd iißka fkd keÕsh yels

fjhs' Tyg iÙ.%y l< uekeje’ hs fmrjre iq.;a uymyq,a ye|e fmfrje kqjr je±

j<|d fjfyr f.dia Tõyg iÙ.%y lgeá je foõrñka kslaue wOkauÕ ms<smkayq'

tl,ays f.dka rlakdyq" jiaika rlakdyq" iykakdyq" .uka hkakdyq nqÿka tl,d je

nqÿ/ia fkd úys± jvkqjka ±le fkd ye¢ke “uyK" t uÕg fkd hd' t uÕe

wÕ=,au,a kï fidfrle" oreKe" f,fy uq~q w;a we;af; he" i;=ka flfrys l=¿Kq

ke;af; he" .ï fkd.ï flf<" kshï .ï fkdkshï.ï flf<" okjq fkdokjq

flf<" ñksiqka ur urd weÕs,s ú± ud,d fldge Orhs' uyK" f;, uÕg mqreIfhd

oi fok ÿ úis ;sia i;,sia mkia fok ÿ iel we;s je ikakoaO je j. j. je fh;s'

Tyq ÿ wÕ=,au,a fidryq w;e kia;S” lSy' nqÿyq Tjqka ;=ka h,la lsh;=ÿ fkd neKe

keÕS jeäfhd'

fidr ÿ t iudys ÿífNdckfhkqÿ ÿlaLfihHdfhkqÿ Wlg,s ù' Tyq uere ñksiayq

tllayq Wkq oyila fok he' fy jkdys “tll= úiska oyi imsfr”hs hk is;a we;s je

‘hulayq m<uq Èáï o" Tyq urd .Kka imqrñ' Ys,amhg Wmpdr fldge ±<s lmajd

kyd ms<s fmr<d ujqmshka olañZ hs wgúhg jokd ;ekg wjqÿ uÕska my je isáfh"

nqÿka ±le úiañ; je “fu uÕg mqreIfhd oi fok ÿ úis ;sia i;,sia mkia fok ÿ

72

iel we;s je ikakoaO je j. j. je t;s' Tyq ÿ ud w;e kia;s' tf;l=ÿ fyd;a fu

uyK tl,d je ud wNsNjñka fuka ths' fu uyKyq uerej uekeje’ hs lvq m,Õ

f.ke ÿkq yshjqr ne|e nqÿka mia mia ÿqn|jñka fhhs' hï fi wÕ=,au,a fidr

nqÿka msfhú .ukska jvkqjka ne, mu‚ka Èfjkqfh yUd fkd .; fy o" t jeks

wêIaGdkhla fldf<d' ls fi he h;a( uyfmdf<dj keÕs ke`.S niakd r< fihska

Wyq we/ ny nyd isÜjhs' yS-ikla muK ;eka mshd fhhs' .sh l,e nqÿyq fmrg

uy;a wÙ.Khla olajd ;=uqyq uOH fj;s' fy wka;H fjhs' ‘±ka fudyq yUd-.kañ’ hs

ne, mu‚ka Èfjhs' nqÿyq t wÙ.Kfhys fl<j/ fj;s' fidr uOHfhys fjhs' fy

‘fu ;eke § Tyq yUd-.kañ’ hs fjf<ú je Èfjhs' nqÿyq tys fmrg j<la fyd f.dvla fyd

olaj;s' fu kshdfhka Tyq ;=ka fhdckla ;eka f.ke jeäfhd'

fidr la,dka; ú he' ñfhys fl< is£ .sfh' YÍrfhka iafõo niais' t l,e wÕ=,au,a

fidr úiañ; je ‘uï mQ¾jfhys Èfjk we;=ka ÿqne| .ksï ue he' wiqka ÿqne|

.ksï ue he' r: ÿqne|e .ksï ue he' Èfjk uqjka ÿqne| .ksï ue he' tf;l=ÿ

fyd;a uï fu uyKyq msfhú.ukska hkakyq ne, mu‚ka Èfjkqfhï yUd fkd

.; fyñ’ hs isge" nqÿkg “isg uyK” hs lS he' nqÿyq “uu isáfhñ' f;d o isg” hs

jodf<d' t i|e wÕ=,au,a fidr ‘fu iE uyKyq inõ lsh;s' fu uyK hkqfh ue

‘uu isáfhñ' f;d o isg’ hs fhhs' hï ldrKhlska fu uyK hkqfh ‘isáhd’ kï fj

o" uï isáfhï ‘fkd isáhd’ kï fjï o" t ldrKh ms<súie ne¨j uekeje’ hs is;d

“uyK" ‘f;d hkafkys" ‘isáfhñ’ hs fhys' ud isáhd yg ‘fkd isáhdy’ fhhs' f;d

lsfi isáfhys@ uï lsfi fkd isáfhñ@˜ ms<sú;a'

t i| nqÿyq “wÙ.=,sud,h" ysxid i|yd i;=ka flfr meje;aúh hq;= hï of~la weoao"

t yeu l,ays mshd laIdka;sffu;%she isá jk neúka uï ‘isáhd’ kï fjñ' fuf;la

oyia i;=ka urk ;d laIdka;sffu;%she fkdisá jk neúka f;d ‘fkdisáhd’ kï

fjys' ±ka f;d bßhjq úiska isáfhys o" ksrhe fyd isáys" ;sßika fhdkshe fyd

fm%;úIhfhys fyd wiqrldhfhys fyd isáy” hs jodf<d'

t l,ays wÕ=,au,a fidr nqÿka f. foYkd wid" ‘fu fjks isxykdofhla wfklla

yg jkafk fkd fjhs' fu uydudhd foúh mq;= isoaO;a uyKrcyq f. .¾ckd he'

uï ;shqKq kqjK we;s iïud iïnqÿka úiska olakd ,o nkafoñ' nqÿyq he ug iÙ.%y

i|yd fuhg jeähyZ hs is;d" “foõñksiqka úiska mqok ,o nqÿrc fndfyd l,la .sh

l,e ug jev i|yd fu uy j,g jeä he' fu ;eka mgka-f.ke mõ fkd flfrñ¦

f;dm f. ñhqre l:d wid he” hs ;ud f. m[apdhqO m%md;fhys nyd-mshd nqÿka je|e

meúc whÈ he' nqÿyq Tyqg tysNslaIqNdjfhka meúð ÿkay'

nqÿka fudjqka meúð lrk l,e ‘lr fijqj uekje mdisjqre fijqj uekeje’ hk

lsi ke;s fudyq mQ¾jfhys is,aj;akg wgmsßlr ÿka nõ ±ke “t" uyKe” hs ol=K;

Èla l<y' t ú.i .sysfjia w;=reOka ú he' uyKfjia my< ú he' Roaêuh md

isjqre YÍrfhys m%;suqla; ú he' fy ue Tyg meúð ú he' fy ue Wmimkalï ú he'

tysNslaIqNdjfhka Wmimkakdkg iÕ=ka f. Wmimkalï we;af; fkd fjhs'

73

fufi nqÿyq wÕ=,au,a fidryq oud uyK fldge md isjqre .kajd-f.ke ießirñka

ieje;a kqjr f.dia foõrï fjfy/ jevfjfi;s' t ojia Tjqka ujq t jkhg f.dia

wg bianla muK ;ekska wka;ß; je “mq;e wysxilh" fldys isáfhys@ fldhs

yqkafkys@ fldhg .sfhys@ mq;e" ud yd fkd fnfKys fkd@” hs lshñka je± weú±

fkd ±l f.g .shd'

t l,ays uydckfhd fldfid,a rcq f. f.joafodr /ia je “uyrc" f;dm f. rg

wÕ=,au,a kï fidfrle" oreKe" f,uq~q w;a we;af; he" i;=ka flfrys l=¿Kq

ke;af; he" .ï fkd.ï flf<" kshï.ï fkdkshï.ï flf<" okjq fkdokjq

flf<" ñksiqka urd weÕs,s ú± ud,d fldge Orhs' Tyq j<ld” hs lshd uy yçka

ye~Qyq'

rc fkdfhla j/ “Tyq we;e‚fhka ;sre fldge .kafk he” hs we;=ka § hù he'

“wie‚fhka ;sre fldge .kafk he” hs wiqka § hù he' “r:e‚fhka ;sre fldge

.kafk he” hs r: § hù he' Tjqka f.dia t jgd-.;a l,ays Tyq keÕS “uu wÕ=,au,añ” Yío lrkakd yd wdjqO fmr<kakg ksis tfll=ÿ ke;s' fy yeu fokd fldgd urhs'

we;ayq j,awe;a fj;s' wiayq j,awia fj;s' r: tys ue ;sî kiais' t l,ays rc uy

ckd f. .s.sßfhka “ud ue .sh uekeje' bÈka fidr yg mrdch ù kï" ÿqne|e

.kañ' bÈka ug mrdch ù kï" i,ayq je m,dfhñ” mkaishla wiqka iod-f.ke

isjqrÕ fikÕ f.ke ieje;a kqjßka kslaue fidre flfr ìß is;ska fkdhdá jQfh o

.rykq ìfhka hkqfh ‘nqÿka ±le .sh uekeje’ hs foõrï fjfyr .sfh' l=ula is;d

.sfh h;a( ‘f.dia nqÿka je|e tl;amiaje ys¢ñ' ‘ljr fyhska ne< f.ke kslauqKqys@’ hs

nqÿka jykafia ud mq¿jqiakd oE he' t l,e uï lshñ' nqÿyq jkdys ug yqÿ mrf,dúka ue

iÙ.%y lrkakdyq fkd fj;s' fu f,dúkqÿ iÙ.%y flfr;a ue he' bÈka ug ch

fj kï" ‘uyrc" tla fidrl= i|yd ;d .sh ukd fkd fj’ hs jodrk oE he'

t l,e uyd ckfhd ‘rc fidre kikakg hkafk nqÿka úiska kj;akd ,o hkq

oka;s' t fi jkakd yd ud fkd .ry;’ hk is;ska fjfyr .sfh" f.dia nqÿka je|e

tl;amia je yqkafk he'

tl,ays nqÿyq “lsu" uyrc" ;g ìïir uyrc l=ms; úhe fyd@ úid,d uykqjr

jeis ,sÉPú rcyq l=ms; jQy fyd@ fiiq m%;smlaI rc flfkla l=ms; jQy' fyd@” hs

jod<ye' “jykafia ug ±yeú rc flfkla we;a;dyq fkdfj;s' ud f. rg wÕ=,au,a

kï fidfrle" Wyq .kakg fhó” lS he' t l,e nqÿyq “bÈka uyrc" f;d wÕ=,au,ayq

flfy nyd isjqre ye|e fmfrje meúð je m‚jd wE mõleñka úr; je tla fjf,

j<|d nUirjia /le is,aj;a je l,Koyï mqrd jikakyq Èáys kï" Wyqg l=ula

flfrys@ hs jod<ye' “jykafi" wema Wka j|ïy' ÿgq l,e yqkiafkka kefÕïy'

ys÷kd wiqka foïy' i;r mifhka Wmia:dk flfrïy” hs lS he' lshd ;nd" ‘nqÿyq

Tyq f. Wmks#Y%h n,d Wyq we/ meúð l<dyq jQyq kï" hy he’ hs is;d nqÿka msßlaikq

i|yd “jykafi" t ÿis,a múÜ yg fu n÷ iS,ixhufhla fldys fj ±æ” hs lS he'

t iudys wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq nqÿkg kqÿre ;kays jevyqkakdy' nqÿyq ol=K;

kÕd"“uyrc" fu wÕ=,au,e” hs jod<ye'

74

t i| fldfid,a rc ìh m;a je fjjq,d .sfh' ;=nq uyckfhd ìh m;a je lvq m,Õ

oud-mshd t t oidfhys yS m,d kqjr je± fodr mshd-,d wÕ=¿ f.ke wg,a,g keÕS n,ñka

isáhdyq “wÕ=,au,a fidr ‘rc ud lrd t’ hkq ±ke m<uq wjqÿ foõrïys yqkafk he"

rcq .;" wems m,d wdjdfud Èú ,ÿïy” hs lSyq' nqÿyq rc yg Nh Wmka nõ ±ke

“fkd nj" uyrc" fkdnj uyrc fu ±ka lsysôhl= ÿ Èú fkd .<jhs' uqyq flfrk

;g Nh ke;S” jodf<d'

nqÿka fufi jodr;a ue rc yg Nh ikaysk' rc wÕ=,au,a uyf;reka lrd t<ne

“jykafi" wÕ=,au,a oE he fyd@” hs lS he' “t fi he uyrc” hs lS he' rc ‘meúðhkg

oreKq leñka ,o kï lshkq fkd fhfohs' ujqmshkaf. f.d;a úiska nejeyr lrkq

uekeje’ hs is;d “jykafi" f;dm msfh ljr@ ujq ljr@ hs ms<sú;' “uyrc" ud

msfh N¾. kï n%dyauK he' ujq uka;d‚ kï n%dyauŒ he” hs lSyq' “jykafi" wm

j;aysñfhd N¾.fhd uka;%d‚ mq;%fhd iiafkys wNsr; fj;aj hs" uï i;r mifhka

Wmia:dk flfrïj” hs lS he' lshñka ue nve n| i¿j we/-f.ke uyf;reka

mduq,e ;sî he' uyf;ryq ;uka f;f<ia cq;Õ iudoka je myq,aisjqre fmdfrdafkka

“uyrc" ;=ka isjqre iems/ we;S” lSy' rc nqÿka lrd t<ne je|e tl;amia je ys|e"

—wdYaph¾h heæ jykafi" woaN+; heæ jykafi" hï ;dla wodka; i;=ka ouk oE he'

wYdka; i;=ka ikays÷jk oE he' fkdmsßksú i;=ka flf,ia msßksjkska ksjk oE he'

jykafi" wems oçfhkqÿ ie;skqÿ i;=ka oukakg fkd yelalïy' jykafi i;=ka

fkdoçfhka ue fkdie;ska ue ouk oE he jykafi" wems hïy" fndfyd ld¾hh

we;a;ïy” hs lS' “l,a oke" uyrc” hs jod<ye' rc nqÿka je|e meol=Kq fldge .sfh'

uyf;reka l=,.ï isÕkakg .sh l,e ñksiayq Tjqka ±le fjjq,;a ue he' m,;a ue he'

fodrmshd-,;a ue he' we;eïyq wÕ=,au,a ku wiñka m,d j,g fyd jÈ;s' f.g je±

fodr mshd-,d w.=¿ fyd .ka;s' m,d fkd hd fykakdyq msÜ mE isgq;s' uyf;ryq

ir¿jla yUq ÿ flfKiaila n;= ÿ fkd ,efn;s' wyßka la,dka; fj;s' wyr

fkd,nkakdyq ‘kqjr kï i¾jidOdrK he’ hs kqjrg jÈ;s' hï fodfrlska jkayq o"

tys ñksiayq “wÕ=,au,a wh” hs l< oyia ì¢ñka m,;a' tla ojila wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq

fmrjre md isjqre f.ke ieje;a kqjr jeoe" imokaieß jk neúka" f.ms<sfj<ska

flfKis wyr isÕkakdyq uQV.¾N je fkd jeÈh fyk ud.ul ±le lreKdfhka

lïms; jQyq Tjqka fm/ tllayq Wkq oyila ñksiqka urkakdg tl ojil=ÿ l=¿Kq

lsfi Wmka h;a( meúðn,fhka Wmka'

tl,ays wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq wyrlsi fldge nqÿka lrd t<ne je|e tl;amia je ys|e

“jykafi" ieje;a kqj/ flfKis wyr isÕkqfhï uQV.¾N ud.ul Èáñ' weh ú÷kd

ÿla ug kqreiaiS” lSy' “tfi neúka f;d weh lrd f.dia ‘ud Wmka ;eka mgka-f.ke

±ke i;layq Èú fkd .e,ù kï t iiska ;sg ÿ .ng ÿ fi;a fjj’ hs iia lrd” hs

jodf<d' “jykafi" fy ug uqijd fjhs' ud úiska fndfyd i;ayq ±ke urk ,oy” hs

lSyq' “wÙ.=,sud,h" fy ;d .sysñksial,e' .sysñksiayq kï i;=ka urkq wdÈ flfr;s'

±ka ;g wd¾h kï cd;sfhla we;s' t fi neúka f;d zud Wmka ;eka mgka-f.ke heZ hs

lshk ;eke l=l=ia we;s úys kï" ‘wd¾h cd;she Wmka ;eka mgka-f.ke he’ lshd” hs

kÕd hjQyq'75

uyf;ryq “uekeje jykafi” hs thg f.dia “;uka iia fldge fi;a lrkakg

wd mßÈ lshd” hs hjQyq' ñksiayq jgd cjksld ne|e uyf;rkg cjksldfhka msg;e

mqgqjla ;=nqy' uy f;ryq bys jevys|e “ud wd¾h cd;Ska Wmka ;eka mgka-f.ke

±ke i;layq Èú fkd .e,ù kï iisska ;sg ÿ .ng ÿ fi;a fjj” hs iia l<y' t

iiaf;mq,a yd iu. vnrdfhka .=¿ Èhla fihska ore kslañ‚' Èms;a ujqkg fi;a ù'

uyf;reka ys|e iia l< ;kays ms<la l<y' uQV.¾N jQ ;sßika.;she i;ayq ÿ we/ tys

fydj;s' t ú.i ue iqjfhka nr uqis;a' hula ÿ¾n, o" f.ke tkakg fkdyels o"

wehg ms< foú Èh we/ ysie T;a l,e t flfKys u nr uqiS' fiiq frd. o ikays¢'

fu lm isgqkd fm<yrhs'

lsu fyd nqÿyq uyf;reka ,jd fjolï lrjQjd fj;s fydæ h;a( tfi fkd fjhs' lsfi he h;a(

uy f;reka ±le ñksiayq nd m,;s' Tyq flfKis wyr fkd ,Èka la,dka; je uyKqjï

lrkakg fkd ksiaiy' fu fi jkakd yd “±ka wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq fu;ais;a ms<

,Èka iia fldge ñksiakg fi;a flfr;s” hs ñksiayq uyf;reka fkd nd t<eìhá

fj;s' t l,ays wyßka la,dka; fkd je uyKqjï lrkakg ksis fj;a' thska nqÿyq

Tjqka flfr wkq.%yfhka i;Hl%shd le/jQyq' iia fldge fi;a lrkq fjoaoï fkd

fj' uyf;reka “uyKqjï flfrñ” hs lugyka f.ke Wka l,ays wgúfhys ñksiqka

uere ;eka ue my< fjhs' “jykafi" ÿ.Sñ' fndfyd oreì,s÷ka we;af;ñ' ug Èú

foj” hs urK ìfhka j,makd mßÈ ÿ" w;a md imk mßÈ ÿ" wdmd;hg ths' Tyq

úms<sir we;s je yqka ;ekska keÕS fh;s' thska nqÿyq Tjqkg t cd;h wífndydßl

fldge “t fi jkakd yd fu úo¾Ykd jvd rd;a nõ .kaks” hs meúð jQ ;eka uq,a

fldge wd¾hcd;Ska i;Hl%shd le/jQyq'

tl,ays wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq fkdmud je uyKqjï fldge rd;a jQy' uyf;reka flfKis

wyr isÕkakg kqjr jka l,ays lmqgq n¨ wd§ka fkrkd i|yd jgd ySikla muK

;kays hï ljr ÈYdNd.fhlska oud-Æ o~q myK yl=re wjq;a uyf;reka ue fj/

fyhs' Tyq uyiï is£ weg olajd nqka biska f, j.=rejñka nqka md we;s je ysKe'

ysreKq isjqre we;s je nqÿka lrd .shdye' nqÿyq Tjqka ±le “n%dyauKh" wêjdikd lrd'

n%dyauKh" wêjdikd lrd' hï lulayq f. úmdlfhka ii/ isáhfyd;a fkd tla jd

oyia iqjyia ksrhe miays t lïyq f. úmdl f;d fu w;aneje ú¢ys˜ jodf<d'

fuys i;a cjka is;ays l=i,a je fyd wl=i,a je fyd Wmka m<uq cjka is;a fu ue

w;aneje úmdl fohs' fu w;aneje úmdl fokakg fkd fmdfydi;a ù kï" úmdl

fkd fok njg meñfK' i;a jk cjka is;ska wk;=re w;aneje úmdl fohs' wk;=re

w;aneje úmdl fokakg fkdfmdfydi;a ù kï" jgd,d úmdl fkd fok njg

meñfK' t fofokd w;=frys mia cjka is;a wkd.;fhys hï lf,le wjldY ,o

kï" t l,e úmdl fohs' ii/ isgqkd ;dla l,e úmdl fkdfok njg fkd meñfK

fu l¾uhka f. úNd. O¾um%§msld kï uydfndêjxY mßl:dfhka okafk he' fy

nqoaOO¾uhe' fu nqoaOpß;he'

fu uyf;rkg jQ l, wk;=re w;aneje ÿ wkd.;fhys hï lf,le ÿ úmdl fok l¾ufhd

rd;aueÕska levqKy' fu w;aneje úmdl fok l¾u jQ l, rd;a njg m;dkg o fj'

76

thska t ù' t l,ays wÕ=,au,a uyf;ryq rfyd.; je jevys| M,iuj;aiqj ú|e thska

keÕS" nqÿka ;u yg jy,a jQ fi is;d fidïkia je Woka wkkakdyq-

“oKafvfkfl ouhka;s - wÙl=fiys lidys p"

woKafvk wifF:k - wyx okaf;dïys ;dÈkd”

hkdÈ .d:dfhka Woka wekQyq'

fufihska nqÿyq ;uka ‘mqßioïuidrÒ’ jk neúka wÕ=,au,a fidryq ÿ wdÈYíofhka

.;a iÙlsÉp kï fyrKmdKka w;ejeis mkaishla fidrekqÿ w;suq;a;l kï

fyrKmdKka w;ejeis mka ishla fidrkqÿ LdKq fldKav[a[ kï uyf;reka

w;ejeis mkaishla fidrekqÿ fl<orejka fl<lkaiqKq uyf;reka w;ejeis kj

ishla fidrekqÿ fu wE fkd tla ish fkd tla oyia fidreka oud wuduyksjka

meñKjQyq'

wÕ=,au,aouk kï i;a jk mßÉfPoh ksñ'


remq;l= - rEm iïmkak mqf;l=

mq¿jq;af;ka - úpdf<ka

ms<soÕ=j - fmdaIKh lrj

j;a imk - j;a iïmkak

fnfKhs - l:d lrhs

iiÕ - iïnkaOh

Wmpdr - i;aldrh" mQcdj

wgúhg - jkhg

m‚jd - m%dK>d;

yir - yeisÍu

w;=gyqka - w;=rd yqka

wOka u. - §¾> ud¾.h

ÿífNdackfhkqÿ - kmqre wdydrfhka o

ÿlaLfihHdfjkqÿ - ÿla iy.; ks§u o

tllayq Wkq - tlla wvq

ms<s fmr<d - we÷ï udre fldg

lvq m,Õ - lvqj yd m,sy

lr - ±<s msysh

lsi ke;s - ld¾h ke;s

m%;suqla; - ne£" me<£" t;S

we;e‚h - we;a fiakdj

ìß is;ska - ìfhka

fkdhdá jQfha - fkdhkq leue;af;a

77

ne< f.ke - Nghka f.k

nUir jia - n%yaupdß j jdih

m%;smCI - úreoaO

lsyôfhl=ÿ - l=yqUqjl= o

wNsr; fj;ajhs - wef,;ajd

f;f<ia cq;Õ - oy;=kla jQ Oq;dx.

wodka; - fkd±uqKq

oçfhkqÿ - oKafvka o

ie;skqÿ - wúfhka

oukakg - oukh lrkakg

ir¿jla yUqÿ - le| yekaolaj;a

flfKiaila n;=ÿ - n;a yekaolaj;a

uQV.¾N - .eí uq<d jQ$ l=fiys yria j isák ore .enla iys;

ud.ul - .eyeksh

iiska - i;Hfhka

iialr - i;H l%shd lr

vnrdfhka - Èh f.k hEug .kakd Ndckhls

.=`M - .s,syqKq

wdmd;hg - wNsuqLhg

wífndaydßl - wej;g lreKq fkdjk" fkdie,lsh hq;=

yS ikla - úÈk yShla hk ÿr

wêjdikd lrd - bjikak

mia ys - meiS

m;dkg o - m;a jQjkag o

cjka is;a - .uka lrk is;sú,s

mq¿jqiakd - úpdrk" úpdÍu

wNHdi

01' wysxil oreKq ñkSurejl= jQfha ljr fya;= ksid ± hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' wmrdOlrejkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh ck Ôú;h wvd, lrk wdldrh wx.=,sud,

oukh weiqfrka idlÉPd lrkak'

03' wudj;=f¾e Ndú; NdId ffY,sh mdvu weiqfrka ksoiqka iys;j úuikak'

04' wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKhg wudj;=r l;=jrhd ±la jQ olaI;dj ms<sn| we.hSula

lrkak'

78

79

W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;ayqf.a jia;=j 9 O¾ufiak ysñ ôUfo‚ wjêh&

oUfoKs rdcOdksfha fojk merl=ï rcq oji rpkd jQ .%ka:hla f,iska ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh ye¢kafõ' lD;sh wjidkfha l¾;D ikao¾Yk .d:dfjys “ioaO¾ufhys iaÓr meje;au leu;s jk O¾ufiak kdysñfhda W;=ï ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh ,shQy” hs ±lafõ' ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh rpkd lsÍfuys l;=jrhdf.a wruqK .%ka: wdrïNfha b;d ksrjq,aj m%ldY fõ'

“'''hï flfkla kqjK uò j;a l=i,ÉPkaoh we;sj O¾udNsfhda.hg Wmfoia ,Èka nK ±k mska lue yeisr ksjka idod .ks;a kï tfia jQ mqreIhkag jev i|yd ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh kï jQ m%nkaOhla lrïy'”

mQ¾úldfõ ±lafjk fï i|ykg wkqj ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh rpkd fldg we;af;a idudkH fmdÿ ck;dj wruqKq fldg f.k nj meyeÈ,s fõ' ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh ,shd we;af;a nqoaOf>daI ysñhkaf.a OïumoÜGl:dj weiqfrks' OïumoÜGl:dj hkq Oïumo kï .d:d ix.%yhg ,shk ,o md,s wgqjd .%ka:h hs' tu wgqjd .%ka:fhys tla tla .d:djg ksOdk jQ l;d jia;+ka olajd we;' ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh rpkd lsÍu i|yd OïumoÜGl:dj mßyrKh l< wdldrh o O¾ufiak ysñfhda ;u .%ka:fhys olaj;s'

“md,s l%uh yer w¾:h muKla f.k wm l<d jQ m%nkaOfhys l%u ú,x>Kdê jQ wvq jeä we;;a th fkdi,ld'''”

fï m%ldYh wkqj ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh OïumoÜGl:dfõ mßj¾;khla fyda wkqj¾;khla fkd j" tys wdNdih ,nd l;=jrhdf.a iajdëk yelshdj u; rpkd lr we;s nj ms<s.ekSu jvd iqÿiq h'

md,s l;d jia;+ka uq,a fldg f.k isxyf,ka l;d lSfï ffY,sh y÷kajkafka nK l;d Í;sh f,isks' nK l;d Í;sfhka rpkd jQ ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys l;=jrhdf.a iajdëk;ajh biau;= ù fmfka' l;=jrhdf.a iaùh;ajh" ks¾udK Yla;sh" l;d l,dj" Ôú; mß{dkh wdÈh úfYaIfhka u fuu lD;sfhka u;= ù fmfka' fhdod .;a NdIdj o fï lreKq ;yjqre lrjkakls' mKaä; m%sh NdIdj" f,dal jHjydrh fuka u .eñ jHjydr NdIdj iïñY% lr .;a NdIdjla ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh rpkd lsÍu i|yd Ndú; fldg we;' .eñ ck Ôú;h weiqfrka muKla fkd j" lú iuhg o wod< Wmud" msre¿ Ndú; lsÍu o fï l;d rij;a ùug fya;=jls'

we;eï úfgl flá jels Ndú; lrk O¾ufiak ysñfhda ;j;a ;efkl È.= jels Ndú; lr;s' lreKq ksrjq,a j wjfndaO lr .ekSug th buy;a m%fhdackhls' j¾Kkd;aul wjia:dj, § È.= jels Ndú;hg fhduq jQ nj;a l;dfjys Ôj .=Kh wdrCId lsÍu i|yd we;eï l;dj, ixjdod;aul NdIdjla fhdod .;a nj;a fmfka'

80

O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;dj, olakg ,efnkafka ukqIH;ajh ms<sn| idkqlïms; oDIaáhls' pß; ksrEmKfha § ydiHh" Wmydih fuka u wkqlïmdj o fmr±ß fldg" pß; ;=< we;s ienE .;s ,laIK mdGlhdg jgyd §ug iu;a fj;s'

ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys wka;¾.; jk l;d jia;= ;=< ±lsh yels ,laIK lSmhls' iEu l;d jia;=jla u bÈßm;a lsÍug m%:u tu l;d jia;=j ±laùug fya;=j l;dj wdrïNfha ±laùu;a" l;dj wjidkfha oyï m‚úvhla ,nd §u;a" we;eï l;d ;=< w;S; l;dj o bÈßm;a lsÍu;a ta w;ßka lsysmhls'

ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys tk 256 jk l;d jia;=j jk W.a.fiak kï isgq mq;ayqf.a jia;=j fuys ±lafõ' l;dj wjidkfha tA weiqfrka ,nd fok m‚úvh jkafka —fï is; ;nd wkqkag fy<d msßfy<d lSfuka ÿre úh hq;= hkakhs'˜ tys w;S; l;dj jkafka nrKeia kqjr jeishka ldYHm nqÿrÿkag rka od.enla bÈ lrk wjia:dfõ jQ isoaêhls'

;j o W.ks;;a ksrjoH Ys,amhla uq;a idjoH Ys,amfhka ftyf,!lsl m%fhdackhla uq;a mdrf,!lsl m%fhdack ke;s kshdj y`.jkag W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;ayqf.a j; lshuq'

fl fia o h;a-

kgl úoao;= mka ishfhla yjqreoafoka i uiska rc.yd kqjrg wjqÈka rÊcqrejkag i;shla uq`M,af,ys fl<s mE fndfyda r;a rka ,efn;s' w;r;=f¾ ,nk iÙ.%yfha muK ke;' fndfyda fok;a ueis u;af;ys ueis .iajd f.k fl<s n,;s'

tla ojila lUfha kgk tll=f.a ÿjla yqKo`vq w.l § kgk tlla Ys,am n,fhka Wv wyi ilaukq;a flfrhs; kghs; .S;a lshhs' t ojia W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;a hd<Kq flkl=ka yd iu. ueiaila u;af;ys isg wdi isg kgk ta úoao;a ÿjf.a ydjNdj ,S,d ±l jdfhdOd;ajdêl rEm l,dm úldrhla n,j;a kshd h hs fkd is;d wE flfrys n,j;a jQ fm%u we;sj ‘,fod;a Ôj;a fjó' fkd ,fod;a ñfhó’ is;d f.k fkd ld fkd î ye|g ke`.S ,d jeo fyd;a;dy' fo ujqmshka úpd< l,ays úoao;a ÿj flfrys wd,fhka kshdj lsjq h' fo ujqmsfhda ta wid “mq;" f;, f,i lsÍu f;dmg;a wmg;a ;rï fkd fjhs' ;rï ;eklska irKla f.kjq;a mdjd foïy” ï lsjq h' W! fkd .súisu;a u h' fkd .súiakd Wkaf.a hd¿jdKka o le|jd ,d uiqodila § ,d “f;, wyi isg kegQ úoao;a ÿjf.a mshdg § ,d ;udf.a ÿj u mq;=kag mdjd fokag lshj” hs lshd ,d hjQy'

úoao;dfKda o tA wid “u ÿj úl=Kkakd ke;' rka yer f.k fkd foñ' wmg;a rlaIdj kï W! u fj o@ fkd ,fod;a ñfh;a kï ñh m%fhdack lsï o@ wm yd tla jkakd u ÿj mdjd foñ” hs lsjq h' foujqmsfhda t mj; wid ì÷jkag is;d foda lSy' “tfia ù kï uu Wka yd tla fjñ'” lshd ,d kEhka ishka fkd tla f,iska kej;=j;a is;d .;a is;sú,a, msßueiQ nj uq;a ldßh fkd i,ld úoao;=ka <Õg .shy' úoao;dfKda o" isgq mq;%hdKka okakd úoao;a Ys,amhla ke;;a tA foh fï foh w,ajd .kag jqj;a iydhla jqjukd fyhska ÿj‚hka mdjd § ,d Wkq;a le|jd f.k rg uq`M,af,a fl<s ,¿ mE weúÈ;s'

81

ta úoao;a ¥;a fkd fnda lf,lska isgqmq;a yg mq;l= jod-mshd k<jk l, “.e,a rlskjqf.a mq;” “nr Wiq,kakjqf.a mq;"” “l=ul=;a fkd o;a;jqf.a mq;e” hs lsh lshd k<jhs' isgqmq;ayq o" .e,a r|jd ,d yqka ;ek § f.dkag ;K f.kjq;a ,;s' fl<s ,`M mE weúÈ ;ek ,;a fohla hk tk ;ekg wÈ;s' t u ksid úoao;a ¥;a mq;= k<jk hï úfgl t u lshhs' isgq mq;%hdfKda;a .Shla hula wksll= fkd j ;uka wrnhd lshk kshdj ±k ,d “fï yeu ud wrNhd lshjq ±@” hs úpdf<da h' “tfia h" wksla ldg lshï o@ f;dm u fldg weúÈkd lghq;= fyhska f;dm u wrNhd lshñ” hs lS h' “f;dm ksid úoao;a jQjd u¢ka kmqre;a weiqj ukd o@ m,d fhñ˜ ìkSï yrjd .; yelale hs is;d lS h' Ths;a “f;dm .sh uek" yqk uekj' f;dm l=ul=;a fkdokakd ;eke;a;jqkaf.ka ug lï lsï ±@” hs lshd ,d wjlmamkfhka ie¥ yiq ?k w,ajd weÈ weÈ fia ÿjkakd fia t u lsh lshd mq;= k<jhs'

´ f;dfuda ;udf.a rE iïm;a yer f.k" isgqmq;%hdKka ;udf.a fld,a,l= fldg;a fkd is;hs' isgq mq;%hdfKda o ‘uef.a fï wNsudkh uEg jvd iïm;a we;a;ka we;s fyhska iïm;la ksid;a fkd fjhs' ;ud cd;s iïmkak fkd jk fyhska cd;shla ksid;a fkd fjhs' rEm;a fyhska tA yd ;ud okakd Ys,am muKla ksid h' uE okakd Ys,am;a W.;a fyhska uq;a ihxisoaO fkd jkafka fõ o@ wef.a tA nEjqï m,jd uu;a Ys,am W.ksó’ uhs,Kqjka lrd f.diska ;uka iu¾: fyhska Wka okakd Ys,am bf.k f.k mhs we§fuka yeÍ f.diska rg uq¿,af,a Ys,am mE f.k weúÈfkda" rc.yd kqjr Wmka jeã kqjr fkd fõ ± hs ,Êcdfjka j<yd;a fkdmshd Bg;a wjq;a “fu ;kg i;a jk ojia uu Ys,am olajó” W.a.fiak isgqmq;a kqjrg lshd hjQy'

i;a jk ojia fndfyda fok;a /ia j ueis u;af;a ueis ,d .;ay' W.a.fiak isgqmq;ayq o ieg ßhka yqKoKavla ìu ys÷jd ,d yqKo~q w.g kexf.da h' tojia nqÿyq;a w¨hï fõf,a f,dj n,k fiala yqKo~q w.g kefÕkakdg fmrd;= j ;uka jykafiaf.a kqjK kue;s yqKo~q w. yqkakjqka ±l" jkafka l=ula foda fyda hs n,k fiala ‘isgqmq;a f;fï Ys,am olajó lshd ,d yqKo~q w. isÜá' Tyqf.a keàï olakd ksid fndfyda fok /ia fj;s' uu t;ek § .d:djla lshó' tA wid iqjdiQ oyila fok ksjka ols;s' W.a.fiakfhda;a yqKo~q w. § u ry;a fj;S’ ±k jod< fial' tfia ±k" fo jk ojia isÕd jvkd fõ,d i,ld ,d uyK .K msßjrd rc.yd kqjrg isÕd jka fial'

W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;a o nqÿka we;=`M kqjrg fkd jvkd f;la u fl<s ,`M n,kag /ia jQjka fldlaika .ik kshdfjka weÕs,s mE ysÕs fldg ,d yqKo~q w. isg ,d kslau isia wyi u i;a úgla fm;a;la fuka isiEÍ ,d nei yqK o~q w. isáhy' tA fõ,dg nqÿyq;a kqjr we;=<g jvkd fiala /ia jQ msßi nj w. jqj;a isákg iu¾: jQ ;uka jykafia Èidj n,;a uq;a yqKo~q ieg ßhkla ú;r uq;a jvd Wv isákg n, ke;s W.a.fiakhka Èidj fkd n,k f,ig bgd jod< fial'

W.a.fiakfhda;a ;uka mdkd fl<s ;uka u olakd muK uq;a /ia jQjjqka fkd n,k kshdj ±k uqiqmamq j f.diska ‘yjqreoaolska iufilska wreuhla fia mdkd fl<s nqÿka wjq;a fu ;ekg iïNj Tn u wuq;= j my< jQjd fia n,k nj uq;a fu kqjrg ud wdÈfhka mdkd fl<s n,kafkda ke;' meiqKq f.dhï uq,a jQjd fia ÿla f.k W.;a Ys,amh isia ù h’ hs is;+y' nqÿyq;a Wkaf.a woyia ±k uq.,ka uy f;reka jykafia nKjd ,d “W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;%hdg Ys,am olajkag lshj” hs jod< fial' uy f;reka jykafia;a f.diska -

82

bÙ> miai kgmq;a; - W.a.fik uyín,"lfrdyS rÙ.x mßidh - ydihhiaiq uydckx"

hk .d:dj jodrd nqÿka jod< fufyjr jod< fial' fl<s ,`Mfjys fhdokag nqÿka uy f;reka jykafiag úOdk flf<a yehs o h; fyd;a( u;af;ys yg jk m%fhdackh i,ld h' W.a.fiakfhda o uy f;reka jykafiaf.a l:dj wid ‘nqÿyq;a udf.a Ys,am olakd leue;s kshd jke’ hs i;=gq j yqKo`vq w. isg u -

‘bÙ> miai uydm[a[ - fud.a.,a,dk uysoaêl"lfrdñ rÙ.x mßidh - ydihdñ uydckx’

lshd,d yqKo~q w.ska wyig keÕS ,d ;=ÿia úgla úpr wyi isiEÍ-mshd nei ,d yqKo~q w. isáhy'

nqÿyq;a nK jodrk fiala “W.a.fiakfhks" fl<s ,`Mfjys we¨ï ;nd ,d .sh oji meje;s mia lf|ys wd,h;a yrej' t u mia l| tk oji mj;akd weüq;a yrej' ±ka mj;akd ialkaOhka flfrys wd,h;a yrej' t fia l<d kï fl<s ,`Mfjka ;nd cd;s crd ur‚kq;a ñfoj” hs jod< fial' foaYkd fl<jr iqjdiQ oyila ú;r i;a;ajfhda ksjka ÿgy'

W.a.fiak isgqmq;%hdfKda o lr’ . ry;a jkakd fia fkd jk nj uq;a yqKo~q w. § ms<sisôhd m;a ry;a j yqKoKafvka nei-mshd nqÿka <Õg f.diska miÕ msysgqjd je| f.k uyK lrkag wdrdOkd l<y' nqÿyq;a ol=K; Èla fldg ,d “uyK" fu fia tj” hs jod< fial' tA fõf,ys ;=ka isjqre wdÈ jQ wg msßlr Ord" ieg jia .sh uy f;r flkl=ka jykafia fuka wdl,am iïmkak jQ fial' jykaoE o “weje;aks" ieg ßhka yqKoKafvka niakd .ufka Nfhla fkd ù ±@” hs úpdrd “wmg Nfhla ke;e hs lS l,ays nqÿka lrd f.diska" “iajdóks" W.a.fiak f;ryq yqKoKafvka niakd .ufka ;ukag Nhla ke;e hs lsh;s' t f,i lshd ;uka ry;a kshdjla yÕj;S” lS fial' nqÿyq;a “uyfKks" u mq;=ka jekakjqkag Nfhla fldhska ±@” hs jodrd n%dyauK j.ska .d:djla jod< fial' foaYkd fl<jr fndfyda fok ksjka ÿgy'

t fyhska kqjKe;a;jqka úiska ksIam%fhdack jQ fl<s ,`M wdÈfhys we¨ï yer" ksjfkys u we,au fldg" ;=ka ÿisßka ÿre j ;=ka iqisß mqrd u;= u;=fhys ,eìh hq;= f,dù f,djq;=rd .=K úfYaIhg msysg úh hq;='

kej; tla ojila Oï fifnhs l:djla Wmojk fiala “weje;aks" ry;a jkag ksis fu jeks mskla we;s flkl=ka úoao;=ka yd tla jkag;a ldrK lsï o@ ry;a jkag ksis j l< mskq;a ljf¾ ±@” hs lS fial' nqÿyq;a tA wid jodrd “uyfKks" fï folg u ksiai fldf<da uQ ;=uQ u h” hs jodrd" t u úN+; lrkakg “.sh oji liqma nqÿkaf.a rka od .n lrk l,ays nrKeia kqjr we;af;da id,a n;a f.kajd f.k od .n fufyjr lrïyhs hkakdyq w;=re uÕ § tla f;r flkl=ka isÕd .shjqka tla l=, ÿj‚ flfkla ±l iuKkag “tla f;r flkl=ka jykafia isÕd jeä fial' f.k hk .e,aj, n;=;a fndfyd j we;' n;a md;%hla ms<s.kajd .kag md;%h f.kj uekje’ hs lsjq h' Whs;a fkd ue<s j md;%h f.kjq h' n;a md;%h mqrd ,d ia:úr NslaIQkag ms<s.kajd ,d ‘ksjka ol=fudajæ’ hs m;d .;ay' Wkaf.a ok ms<s.kag iïn jQfjda;a ry;a flfkl' t fyhska Èjiska n,kqfjda m%d¾:kdj f;, f,iska u iuDoaO jk kshdj ±k iskd my< l<y' oka ÿka Wmdisldfjda o iskd my< l<d ±l ldrK;a úpdrd fkd mshd iuKkag “uqka jykafia iskdjla iS-mS fial' úoao;a lfula

83

we;s jke” hs lsjq h' iufKda o “t fia fkd lshj” hs fkd lshd “t fia ieá h” hs lshd" Wka lSjd u .súi f.k kslauqKdjq h' fï Wka fokakd l< lS lg hq;= h' W! B wdhq mu‚ka isg foõ f,dj bmeo ±ka bka pq; j t" f,i ni lshd Æ ia;%S úoao;a ¥ j Wmk' W.a.fiakfhda isgq l=,fhys bmeo;a úoao;a ieá he hs lshd Æ ni .súis mufKlska ;=uQ fkd úoao;a j;a úoao;=ka yd tla jQ h' ry;a f;rekag § Æ n;a md;%fhys wkqiiska W.a.fiak f;ryq ry;a jQ y' úoao;a ¥ o fufy‚ iiafkys uyK j ry;a ùfuka ukqIH cd;Ska wvq j Wmk;a wd¾h cd;Ska iß jqj” hs jod< fial'

fï is; ;nd" wkqkag fy<d msßfy<d lSfuka ÿre úh hq;='

wNHdi

01' O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï l,dfjys úfYaI;ajh W.a.fiak isgq mq;ayqf.a

jia;=j weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' O¾ufiak ysñfhda ydiHh" Wmydih fuka u wkqlïmdj o fmr±ß fldg f.k

pß; ksrEmKh lrk wdldrh kshñ; l;d jia;=j weiqfrka úuikak'

03' “W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hd Ôú;fha wNsfhda. ch .;a wfhls'” isgqmq;%hdf.a pß;h

weiqfrka idlÉPd lrkak'


kgl úoao;= - keàfï olaI

hd<Kq - hy¿

úldrhla - le<öula

fkd.súisu;a u h - tlÕ fkdjqfKa u h

wjlmamkh - jerÈ f,i ms<sfh, l<

mhs we§fuka - miqïì we§fuka

fldlaika - uy yçka iskd iSu

uqiqmamqj - lk.dgqj

ms<sisôhd - m%;sixNsOdk

^úYaf,aIKh fldg ±k.ekSfï kqjK&

iuKkag - ieñhdg

is-mS fial - iskd iqKq fial

jdfhdOd;ajdêl - jd;h wêl fldg we;s

84

lEr.,h jecfUhs fï f,iska isg''' 10 ùod.u ffuf;%ah udysñ

^fldaÜfÜ wjêh&

yxi ikafoaYh

fuh fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks iufhys ^l%s'j' 1412 - 1580& ijk mrdl%undyq rc oji

^l%s'j' 1415 § muK& rpkd jQjls' yxihl= ¥;hd lr f.k mKsjqvh hjk neúka

yxi ikafoaYh hk ku fh§ we;' l¾;D ms<sn| meyeÈ,s i|ykla ke;;a" fuys

rplhd ùod.u ffuf;%ah udysñ nj úoaj;=kaf.a ms<s.ekSu hs' nqÿ .=K w,xldrh"

f,dajev i`.rdj" oyï .eg ud,dj" t`M w;a;k.¨ jxYh" lõ ,l=Kq ñKsu, tysñhka

,shQ wfkl=;a .%ka: f,i ie,fla' fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks iufhys my< jQ m%lg

idys;HOrhka w;r ùod.u ysñhkag ysñ jkafka iqúfYaI ia:dkhls'

yxi ikafoaYfhys ksñ;a; jkqfha lEr., jkr;k ysñhka ,jd iuka" úNSIK"

Wmq,ajka yd l|l=ure hk foújrekag msß;a lshd mska §" tu.ska isß merl=ïnd rc

flfrys lreKdfjka fi; i,ijk f,i b,a,Su hs'

fuys tk mßir j¾Kkdjkaf.ka lEr., jekqu b;d wjHdc tlls' iajNdj

fi!kao¾hfhka wkQk wd.ñl miqìula iys; lEr., .ïmshi ¥;hdf.a isf;ys

i;=g jvjhs' ireidr fl;aj;a" ñyssß m,;=re" .,d niakd isys,a c,fhka hq;a

we<fod<j,ska fu.ï mshi iukaú; úh'

lEr., hkq niakdysr m<d;g wh;a ishkE fldar<fha .`.nv m;a;=fõ msysá úYd,

.uls' fuh lEr., kï m¾j;hla wdikakfha msysáfha h' fuu m¾j;fhys lrfld<

.ia ;snQ ksid lr.," lEr., ù h hs o l+r;ïm,d .ia ;snQ fyhska l+r.," lEr., ù h hs o

ckm%jdofha úúO woyia ths' rijdysksfhys j;a:q,mín; hk kñka i|yka jkafka

o lEr., nj mejfia' flfia fj;;a lEr., .ï mshfiys msysá moaudj;S msßfjka

úydrh .fuys fN!;sl ÈhqKqj fuka u ck;djf.a wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj o ixfla;j;a

lrjhs' pu;aldrckl mßirhla Ñ;%Kh lrk lEr., fjfyr jekqu ±lafjk meÈ

lsysmhla fuu mdvñka bÈßm;a flfrhs'

85

1' id r m,h wU oU rU o j,a msg

ó r c,h we< fod< l÷ msáka ng

kE r f,d,h jvjk ÿgq okka yg

lE r .,h jecefUhs fï f,iska isg

oU - cïnq j,amsg - jkdka;rfhys

w¾:hidrj;a M,j,ska hq;= wU cïnq flfi,a .iaj,ska msreKq jk ìï o l÷j,ska .,d

nisk ñysß Èh msreKq we< fod< wdÈfhka o hq;= ^tajd& olsk ck;dj yg fndfyda

fihska wdYdj we;s lrjk lEr., fufia úrdcudk ^nn<ñka& fjhs'

2' l=<ska l=<u isys,ZU jefyk l÷reh

fod<ska fod<u l,a h,a lrk l=Uqreh

m<ska m<u ;,a fmd,a f. j;= ue÷reh

;<ska ;<u mq,a mshquqZmq, mf~reh

l=<ska - m¾j;" l+g" l÷ isys,ZU - isys,a¬wU îS;, c,h&

l÷re - Èh mdrj,a ;<ska - ;vd." ú,a

mf`vr - iqÿ fk¨ï

w¾:h l÷ uqÿkla mdidu isys,a c,h jEfyk Èh mdrj,a h' iEu fod<la wi, u l,a h,a

n,d ^h, uy folkakh u& j.d lrk l=Uqre h' ;ekska ;ek ;,a .ia o fmd,a .ia o

iys; f.j;= yd úYd, f.j,a h' ú,la ú,la mdid u msmqKq fk¨ï" udfk,a yd iqÿ

fk`Mï h'

3' mefihs ksn| iqj`±,a fl;a j;a wjg

wefihs <ud jiqmeáhka y~ ÿrg

Èfihs fjfyr tys iqr úukla f,ig

rfihs wud riuh tA mshi ÿg

iqj|e,a - iqj|¬we,a ^we,a ù j¾.hls& Èfihs - oDYHudk fjhs" fmfkhs

wudri - wuD; rih rfihs - ri ¬ ths ^rihla ths ±fkhs&

w¾:hyd;amiska u ks;r fl;aj;=j, iqj|e,a kï ù j¾.h mefihs' l=vd jiq megjqkaf.a

kdoh ^y`v& wE;g wefihs' tys úydria:dkh ÈjH úudkhla f,ig fmfkhs' ta

m%foaYh ÿgq úg wuD; rihla ys;g ±fkhs'

³ fuys i|yka fjfyr" lEr., moaudj;S msßfjka úydrh hs'

86

4' ksn| meiS m, ,U fok ñysrZUh

iqj| úyso isá ú,sl=ka leka rUh

fkdu| ;ekska ;ek j¨ nr jkrUh

tueo fjfyr È,s ÿr ,k iirnh

,U fok - t,af,k ñysrZ U - ñysß¬wU

ú,sl=ka - bÿKq rUleka - flfi,a leka

jkrU - jk flfi,a" j,a flfi,a

w¾:hksrka;rfhka u meiS f.ä t,af,k ñysß ûOqr& wU o iqj| úysÿjkakd jQ bÿKq

flfi,a leka o wvqjla ke;s j ;ekska ;ek j¨nr jQ j,a flfi,a ^jk flfi,a& o

olakg ,efnkakd jQ tu m%foaYh uOHfhys ixidr nh ÿr,kakd jQ úydrh nn<kafka h'

5' ñyZU uqj u~, fuka Èf,k yeu úg

ÿ,n biqre msß ieÈ tA fjfyr isg

lsrU fmdl=re ó ri ,en fndk f,ig

krU ñ;=r ;f. fk; is; i;=gq fldg

ñyZU - ñys¬wU } uyS ldka;dj" ñys l; lsrU - lsß¬wU } lsßj;=r

fmdl=re ó - mqIamlr uÿ" mshqï meKs

w¾:h ñ;%h" uyS ldka;djf.a uqyqK fuka ks;r nn<k b;d ÿ¾,N biqßka îïm;ska&

msreKq ta úydrfha isg lsß Èh yd u,a meKs ,eî fndkakdla fuka Tnf.a fk;a is;a

i;=gq lrñka ^ta úydrh& krUkak'

6' Èuq;a fjfyr jg úis;=re u,a j;=h

tys;a iqj| u,a ks;s fjhs ñKs uq;=h

uy;a ;=re ñhqre m, f.k keñ w;=h

/.;a fijK fkd yeru isá fmd,a j;=h

fjfyrZjg - fjfyr¬wjg

ñKsuq;= - uKs uqla; ^fldmqfjka ñÿKq& msmqKq hk w¾:h hs'

uy;a ;=re - úYd, .ia

w¾:h§ma;su;a ^nn<k& ta úydrh wjg úÑ;% jQ u,aj;= h' ksrka;rfhka tys iqj| u,a

msfmhs' úYd, .iaj, rij;a M, ie§ w;= keó we;' tfuka u ks;r u fijK

fokakd jQ fmd,a j;= o iys; h'

87

7' fkdfhla ;ek u msms u,a msreKq fmdl=Kqh

f.hla lk u ie±fyka fojk ol=Kqh

iqola f,i ;sfnhs u¿ ux yer l=Kqh

ishla wh flfr;s je| mqo meol=Kqh

f.hla lk u - fuys zlkZ hkafkka iQpkh jkafka fl<jr" fldk" uq,a," Èidj

hk w¾:hka h' fï wkqj f.hla mdid u hk w¾:h ms<s.; yels h' zms<slkakZ jeks

.eñ jHjydrhl o wmg fï w¾:h y÷kd .; yels h'

w¾:h fkdfhla ;ekaj, msmqKq u,aj,ska msreKq fmdl=Kq h' iEu f.hla foi u Y%oaOdfjka

fok olaIsKh ôdkh h&' ñÿ,a yd ud¾. ^mdrj,a& l=Kq li< bj;a lr msßisÿ j iqÿ

meyefhka ;sfnhs' ish .Kkla msßi je£u ms§ï m%olaIsKd lr;s'

8' kqÿre je isys,eZ ,S h .`.=,eZ ,S h

jg ieÈ u,a je ,S h iqÿ je,S h

msms jk isá u ,S h jk u,S h

;=gq jk is;s ú ,S h mq,a ú,S h

isys,eZ,Sh - b;d YS;, .`.=,eZ,Sh - Èh we,s

jg - wjg mq,a ú,Sh - msmqKq u,a we;s ú,a

w¾:h ^fjfyrg& wdikakfhys YS;, Èh we,s h' wjg u,a ieÿKq u,a je,a yd iqÿ je,s ;,d

h' msmqKq mßoafoka u mj;sk u,a we;s jk u,a h' i;=gq is;sú,s we;s lrjk msmqKq

u,a we;s ú,a h'

9' mjkZ o msms ;= f¾ h ksr ;=f¾ h

l=iquka fm;s ;= f¾ h u¿ ;=f¾ h

wjg iqmsms iS f¾ h ìÕ= if¾ h

is; tfjfyr fl f¾ h f,dn flf¾ h

mjkZo - mjka¬wo îq<`. wjq;a& if¾ h - ú,aj,

ì`.= if¾ h - NDx. kdoh

w¾:h iq<`. weú;a ksrka;rfhka u,a msmqKq .iaj, u,a fm;s u`Mfjys w;=rjhs' yd;amiska

u,a msmqKq ú,aj, ó ueis kdoh wefihs' ^weiq ÿgq& whf.a is; ta fjfyr flfrys

wdidj we;s lrhs'

88

10' ÿgq i; is;g ;=gq jk f,ig ks;sfhks

i;rZ; tlg iu lr fnr weila fuks

meyem; iqo fkdy< je,ss w;=< u`M ;eks

ñysl; i|kZf,õ ÿka Wr u~, jeks

iqo fkdy< - iqÿ mdg w;a fkdy< îqÿ meyeh iys; nj lshQ wkaou hs&'

je,s w;=< u`M ;eks - je,s w;=rk ,o ^úydr& ñÿ,a

i|kZf,õ ÿka - i÷ka¬wf,õ ÿka' pkaok wdf,am fok ,o

Wr u`v, - Wr m%foaYh

w¾:h

olsk ckhdf.a is;g ks;H jYfhka u i;=gq we;s jk f,i i;r me;af;ka u tlu

wdldrhg fnr weila fuka iu;,d lr iqÿ meye;s ,iaik je,s bi we;s ^úydr&

ñÿ, uyS ldka;djf.a i÷ka wdf,am l< Wr m%foaYh fuks'

wNHdi

1' iem iïm;ska wdVH bmerKs .ul f;dr;=re lú mka;sfhka bÈßm;a lrk

wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' fï mdvfï tk mßir j¾Kkdj, úÑ;%;ajh w.h lrkak'

3' yxihd olsk pu;aldrckl .ï mshfiys wisßh úia;r lrkak'

4' yxi ikafoaY l;=jrhd w¾: rih fuka u Yío rih o uekúka fhdodf.k

we;s wdldrh lú mka;sh weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

5' .u iy mkai, w;r we;s wka;¾ iïnkaO;dj lúhd úia;r lrk whqre

úuikak'

89

u. úis;=re 11 f;dg.uqfõ Y%S rdyq, ysñ

^fldaÜfÜ wjêh&

ie<,sys‚ ikafoaYh

lsisjl= ¥; fufyjfrys fhdod ikafoaYhla fyj;a wiakla ksYaÑ; ia:dkhlg hjk

fia rpkd lrk ldjH úfYaIh ikafoaY ldjH kñka ye¢kafõ' isxyf,ka ,shk

,o fndfyda ikafoaY ldjHj, ¥;hd jQfha mlaIsfhls' ixialD; idys;H úpdrlhka

bÈßm;a lr we;s ikafoaY wdlD;sh isxy, ikafoaYlrejka o fndfyda ÿrg wkq.ukh

lr we;' l:d kdhlhd fyda kdhsldj fyda m%isoaO mqoa.,hl= ùu" wdYS¾jdoh" ¥;hd

j¾Kkd lsÍu" hd hq;= ia:dk ±laùu" ud¾. j¾Kkd lsÍu" ikafoaYh bÈßm;a lsÍu

jeks ,laIK ta w;r m%Odk fõ'

isxy, idys;H jxYfhys ±kg olakg we;s mer‚;u ikafoaY ldjHh jkafka

.ïfmd< hq.fha ,shjqK uhQr ikafoaY ldjHh hs' tfy;a isxy, ikafoaY ldjHfha

b;sydih bka fndfyda Tíng Èfjhs' iso;a iÕrdfõ tk ‘fudkß÷ tl,ays mq,a

i,.e kjd .kS’ ‘l,jka ìÕ== uy;a j; ysre y;a j;’ hk mdG mqrdK .S uhQr

ikafoaYhlska .;a nj iso;a iÕrd merKs ikakfia ±lafõ' isßkd. kue;a;l= úiska

iS.sß legm;a mjqf¾ ,shd we;s"

‘jkaÈñ ysñ j,d - f;d f.diska weh ksfjiakg

msßnqka m.d u,hq; - Èfjdg f;d yoyj lsh lshhs’

hk .Sh jeys j,dl=<la w; ish fmïj;shg hefjk yiakla fia ,shjqKls' fuh o

ikafoaY iajrEmhla .kS' flfia fj;;a ikafoaY ldjH b;sydifhys m<uqjrg

ikafoaYhla rpkd lrk ,oafoa Ndr;fha úiQ uyd lú ld,sodihka úisks' Tyq o

¥;hd jYfhka f;dard .;af;a jeys j,djls'

isxy, ikafoaY ldjHhkaf.a iaj¾Kuh hq.h fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks hq.h hs' yxi"

ie<,sysKs" .srd" fldals," mfrú jeks m%isoaO ikafoaY ldjH /ila fï hq.hg

wh;a h' ful, rc l< ijk merl=ï rcq idys;Hhg ±lajQ iqúfYaI odhl;ajh

idys;H m%fndaOhg msájy,la úh' ;j o" fldaÜfÜ hq.fha Ôj;a jQ idys;HOrhkaa

ks¾udKlrKh Wfoid oelajQ lem ùu o lemS fmfka'

nqÿ.=K w,xldrh" f,dajev iÕrdj yd yxi ikafoaYh ,shQ ùod.u uyd ffu;%S

ysñfhda o" .=;a;s,h ,shQ jE;a;Efõ ysñfhda o" ie<,sysKsh ,shQ f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq,

ysñfhda o tl, úiQ m%isoaO idys;HOrfhda fj;s'

90

ie<,sysKs ikafoaYh ,shqfõ f;dg.uqfõ úchnd msßfjkam;s ;s%msgl jd.SYajrdpd¾h

IâNdId mrfïYajr f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñhka nj ie<,sysKs ikafoaY mqrdK

ikakfhys ±lafõ'

ixialD;" m%dlD;" ud.ë" wmN%xY" ffmYdÑ yd fY!rfiaks rdyq, ysñ ±k isá

IâNdId fõ' mfrú ikafoaYh" ldjHfYaLrh" ie<,sysKs ikafoaYh" mxÑld m%§mh

yd nqoaêmamidÈksh hk lD;s rdyq, ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,È'

l|jqre l=, ue÷re ñKs myfkõ iqie§

keK.=re ini iuh o ±kqfuka fjd/|S

rc.=re úchnd msrejka ysñ meye§

fuñhqre m±;s ie<,sysKsh wiak fh§

ie<,sysKs ikafoaYfhys l;= ysñhka .ek i|ykla ke;s jqj o by; lúfhka rdyq,

ysñhka úiska ie<,sysKsh ,shk ,±hs ie,lsh yels h' ie<,sysKs ikafoaYh rdyq,

ysñhkaf.a Wiia u ldjH ks¾udKh nj idys;Hldñkaf.a u;h hs' ie<,sysKsh

,sùfï wruqK jkafka ijk mrdl%undyq rcqf.a lksgq ÈhKshka jk f,dalkd:d

^W,l=vh& foaúhg mq;a l=ufrl= ,nd fok f,i b,a,ñka le,Ksfha úNSIK

foúhkag lrk wdhdpkhls' mrdl%undyq rcqg rdcH;ajh mejÍu i|yd mq;a l=url=

fkd ùu Bg fya;=j hs'

moH 108lska iukaú; ie<,sysKs ikafoaYfha wdrïNh fiiq isxy, ikafoaY ldjHj,

fuka u zhy.SZ úß;ska ,shjqKq ¥; wdYS¾jdohls' blaì;s oi mo ieye,a,lska flfrk

¥; j¾Kkhls' t;eka isg ish¨ u lú iuqøf>daI úß;ska ,sheù we;' rdyq, ysñhkaf.a

m%;sNdmQ¾K lú;ajhg ksoiqka imhk ie<,sysKsh w;sYhska pu;aldrckl iajNdj

fi!kao¾h j¾Kkdj,ska hqla; h' tys u. jekqïj,ska f;dard .;a lú lsysmhlska

fï mdvu ieliS we;'

1' iq r r o iuka iu.ska iqrZÕk t jr

meye k o uodrd mri;= u,a m;r

ler mq o j¢k /¢ uqks isß md ;Ur

ils i | fmfka iufkd< ., kef.k ysr

iuka - iuk< wvúhg wêm;s iquk iuka ÈjHrdchd

meyeko - meyeka¬wo meyefhka wd¾ø fyj;a f;;a jQ ^j¾Kj;a&

uodrd mri;= - iqr f,dj we;ehs lshk u,a j¾. folls'

isßmd ;Ur - nqÿka jykafiaf.a YS% mdoh fk¨ï u,la f,i olajd we; ^jeks" tõ

wdÈ ksmd; mohla rys; fun÷ .e<mSï zrEmlZ kï fõ&'

w¾:h W;=ï jQ ñ;%h" ta ld,fhys iquk iuka ÈjHrdchd ÈjHdx.kdjka yd tla j j¾Kj;a

^meyefhka hqla;& uodrd yd mri;= hk u,a iuQyh mQcd fldg j¢kq ,nkakd jQ

nqÿkaf.a YS% mdoh /÷Kd jQ iufkd< ., kef.kysr foiska fmfka'

91

2' . fka ñKs nene<s lsrfKõ i;mdh

r fka hgZ. iejq,s÷ oo .<mdh

w fka ,lr l< mqr wm krmdh

fm fka ol=Ke uyfika foõ ro mdh

lsrfKõ - lsrK¬tõ ^lsrK jeks&

i;mdh - zmdo ishhla we;af;aZ hk woyiska ‘i;md’ hkqfjka iQ¾hhd kï flf¾'

fuys mdo hkq" iQ¾hhdf.ka úysfok rYañ Odrdjka h'

uyfika - uy;a ÈjH fikÕla we;s neúka fï ku fhfoa' l;r.u foú" ialkaO

l=udr" ld¾;sflah hk kïj,ska o fï foõ rc ye¢kafõ' fï foõ rcg

uqyqKq ihls" w;a fod<ils" fudkr jdykhls; fldäfhys l=l=¿ rejls'

w¾:h

iQ¾hhdf.a rYañ jeks jQ >k udKslHfhka nen¿Kd jQ o rkska l< ßá fl<jr

l=l=`M rej iys; fldä ne| wfkald,xldr lrk ,oaod jQ uydfiak foajrdchdf.a

m%didoh wm rcqf.a k.rfhys ol=Kq miska fmfka'

3' j, ¢k woyiska fuka iqr .Õ wÕk

k, n, ii, o< r< fm< kqn kefÕk

fj, <i .ejeis uq;= ila mn`M nn<k

n, uy uqyqo tu i|e W;=ßka fmfkk

j,¢k - je,|.kakd

iqr.Õ - wyi

w¾:h

wyia .Õ kue;s ia;s%h je,ò.kakd woyiska fuka iq<fÕa fõ.fhka pxp, jQ r<

fm< wyig kef.kakd jQ fjrf<ys uq;= ila iy mn`M nn<k ta fõf,ys W;=frka

fmfkk uy uqyqo n,kak'

4' i ka k ka isyska f.¢ fijK¨ je,s f;f,k

;e ka ;e ka j, u ie;emS ishque,s neúk

r ka j ka lr,a f.ke tk .srjqka w;sk

h ka u ka f;diska uÕ f;dr;=re kshu ±k

ika - .ejiqKq" hqla; jQ

kka - fndfyda

uka f;diska - isf;a i;=áka

92

w¾:h fndfyda ySka f.kao .iaj, fijKe,af,ka hqla; jQ je,s ;,dj, ta ta ;ek kej;S

^Tn& ishque,s ksid úfõl f.k rkajka ù& lr,a f.k tk .srjqkaf.ka .uka ud¾h

.ek kshu f;dr;=re ±k f.k i;=áka hkak'

5' ks, ;=rÕ=g kefÕñka ßú foõ isßk

ÿ, le/ fiai;a ñKs nrK lsrKsk

n, msß fika iy hdmd mgqka f.k

n, fiakdkdhl imq l=ure tk

ks, ;=rÕ= - ks,a ^l`M& meye wYajhd ^ldjH f,dalfha l¿ meyehg ks,a hehs

fhfohs' ‘ks,a jr,i’ hkafka ‘ks,a’ o fï w¾:fhks&'

ÿ, lr - nn<jñka

hdmd mgqk - hdmkh

imqu,a l=ure - ijk merl=ï rcqf.a mq;% ia:dkfha jevqKq l=udrfhls' ijk

mrdl%undyq rcqf.a wNdjfhka miq W,l=vh foaúhf.a mq;a chùr

mrdl%undyq rc úh' Tyq urd ijk nqjfklnd kñka rc njg

m;a fudyq kj jirla muK rdcH lf<a h'

fiakdkdhl - fldaÜfÜ hq.fha fiakdêm;s ye¢kajQfha fiakdkdhl kñka h'

w¾:h iQ¾h ÈjH rdchdf.a wdldrfhka l`M ^ks,a& wiq msg ke.S" ueKsla wdNrKj,

ldka;sfhka fiai; nn<jñka" hdmd mgqk ch f.k n,fhka msreKq fiakdj iu.ska

tkakd jQ fiakdêm;s imqu,a l=udrhd n,kak'

6' w. msms u,a u,s.sh ,sh lef,ahd

j. ne|e fyk rc yi mq,a úf,ahd

<Õ ;=re u,a .s,syqKq frdkjqZf,ahd

uÕ nei hj m< fy< je,s f;f,ahd

u,s.sh - boao" ud,;S

j. neò - rxpq .eiS

rdcyxi - mshdm;a ;ks iqÿ meyefhka o fydg yd mdo ;eô,s meyefhka o hq;a

yxi j¾.h fukñka ye¢kafõ'

frdkjq, - frdka¬wjq," û,a& frdka .ejiS .;a

w¾:h uqÿfkys u,a msmS we;s boao je,a le,fhka hq;a" rdc yxihka rxpq msáka niskakd jQ"

u,a msmqKq ú,aj,ska hq;a" .iaj, u,aj,ska .s,syqKq u,a f¾Kq .ejiS .;a meyeÈ,s iqÿ

je,s ;,dfõ u.g nei hkak'

93

7' whs rdjK jqj;a kj;k ßiska tk

whs rd oyia È,s ÿkq fld;a ism;a f.k

lhs ldjf,ys ±le fin`Mka /l isák

jhs hd lrka u,a ;=re .k jk ysisk

whsrdjK - ftrdjK" ila foú`ÿf.a we;d

whsrdoyia - whsrd hkq wêl hkak hs" oyilska wêl hk f;areu

ÿkqfld;a - ÿkq yd l=ka; ^l=ka; hkq wekSug .kakd wdhqOhls&

ism;a - wism;a

jhs - fjhska" fõ.fhka" jyd

hd lrka - hd;%d lrkak" mshdir lrkak

w¾:h bÈßhg tk whsrdjK we;d jqj;a kj;ajk woyiska" oyilg jeä È,sfik ÿkq o

l=ka; o lvq o /f.k lhsldj, kï ia:dkfhys uqr lrk fin`Mka ±l" u,a .iska

.yk jQ jkhg Wäka jyd mshdir lrkak'

8' ksu,a i| myka jeks je,s msg Wÿ<

iqmq,a u,a hyka ,sh u~q ,sh f. fm<

tl,a fl<k jk foõ ,sh ±le fldu<

<i,a refll ie;efmj <m¨ isys,Z<

,sh u~q - ,;d uKavm

,sh f.fm< - by<ska je,a t;S f.j,a fuka iEÿKq wdjrK ia:dk

< i,a refll - <d ^fkdfïrE$;reK& i,a .il

<m¨ isys,Z< - isis, f.k fokakd jQ <d o¨

w¾:h msßisÿ i| t<sh yd iudk j nn<k je,s ;,dfõ ukd fia msmsKq u,a hykays o

,;d uKavmhkays o ,;d .Dy fmf<ys o tA fõ,dfjys lS%vd lrkakd jQ fldu<

jk foj`.kka n,d" <d o¨fjka isis,i f.k fokakd jQ ;reK i,a .fil úfõl

.kak'

9' u ,a o ï iqj| ÿï ÿka fid| jr,isks

l ,a .s ï ksjd iekefyk isys,i risks

fld ,a , ï .iska ks,a bjq/Z;s fmdl=KZisks

j ,a w ï n,u ±l hd .ka iyf;disks

l,a - l¨ka" ldka;djka

.sï ksjd - .%SIauh ksjd ^WIaKh ÿre fldg&

iekefyk - iakdkh lrk

94

isis,i ri - isis,a c,h

ks,a bjq/;s - ks,a bjqre¬we;s ^l¿$w÷r woyia lrkakg ks,a fhÿKq ;j;a

;ekls&'

j,a wïn,u - w;S;fha mhska .uka lrkakkaf.a úfõlh ms‚i uÕ ;ekska ;ek

wïn,ï ;kjd ;sì‚' fuh jkdka;rhla wi, ;snqK ksid j,a

wïn,uZ lshd fhÿKd úh yels h'

w¾:hu,a oï o iqj| ÿï o fhdok ,o flaY l,dmfhka iqkaor jQ ia;S%ka isis,a Èhg nei

YÍr odyh ^WKqiqu& ksjd iakdkh lrkakd jQ" fld,a,ï .ia ksid ks,amdg bjqre

we;s fmdl=Kq iómfhys jQ j,a wïn,u ±l i;=áka hkak'

10' lia;=ß ;s,l ieÈ k<,; iqugdk

mq,a uyfk,a u,a oï ysi ojgdk

if,`Mka hfkk ks;s le/ fl<s ljgdk

ßú uqÿk; jk ueo jÿ iquqgdk

ieÈ - irid

iquqgdk - ug is,sá" iquqÿ

iquqgdk - iquqgdk kue;s jkdka;rh

w¾:hw;sYhska ugis¨gq jQ k<, lia;=ß ;s,lfhka irid f.k" msmqKq udfk,a u,a ud,d

ysfiys ojgd f.k" fl<s ljglï lrñka úfkdaoldó ;reKhka ks;r hk tk

iquqgdk kï jkdka;rh ueog br uqÿka fõ,dfõ we;=`M jkak'

11' u Õ ks , ñ ka isá kd fodU kS msh,

ms h i , ñ ka u,f.ys fl<e frdkskZj,

; ;= v , ñ ka ì± ú,sl=ka ñhqre m,

b is Uq , ñ ka fhys ie<æ oU m÷rej,

ks,ñka - ks,a meye .kajñka ^lú iufhys fld< meyehg ks,a o hkak&

kS - nla ó

msh, - fudr

ú,sl=ka - bÿKq

biqUq - úfõl

ie< - ie<,sys‚h ^wduka;%K iajrEmfhks&'

oU - cïnq

95

w¾:hie<,sys‚h" ud¾.h ks,a meye .kajñka isáhd jQ kd" fodU" nla ó" fudr ^hk

.iaj,& u,a f¾Kqj,ska .ejiS .;a;d jQ u,a w. mshdm;a i,ñka l%Svd fldg" Tnf.a

;=v ,ñka bÿKq ñysß m, wkqNj fldg" cïnq m÷rej, ys| úfõl f.k hkak'

12' ß ú ;e jq f,a msms luf,a ú,a .ejeiS

u ; fld jq f,a ;=re jof,a y`vk ksiS

j k ie jq f,a uÕ wif,a fmdr ie,eiS

.= re ne jq f,a hj wjqf,a fkdù lsiS

ßú ;ejqf,a - iQ¾h ;dmh

ksiS - fhda.H

jk iejqf,a - j,s l=l=<ka

w¾:hiQ¾h ;dmh ksid msmqKd jQ fk¨ï u,aj,ska hq;= ú,aj,ska .ejis" yeisÍug& fhda.H jQ

.ia jÿf,a u;a fldjq,ka w~kakd jQ o ud¾.h wi, j,s l=l=<ka fmdfrys fh§

isákakd jQ o .=renejq, m%foaYfhys lsis ÿ wjq,lg m;a fkd ù hkak'

13' j k is ß mshqïrd n| rkZnrK hqre

j g ms ß iqmq,a ÿkqfla u,a uqre;Z;=re

ì `.= ms ß jerE T¨Zmq,eZUq,j, ;Uqre

ys u i ß isys,a Èh fyn ±l hka ñ;=re

mshqïrd - moaurd. fyj;a r;= leg

T¨Zmq,eZUq,Zj, - ´¨¬Wmq,a¬weUq,¬wj,

;Uqre - fk¨ï

wj, - wdl=," hqla;" msreKq

Èh fyn - c,dYh

w¾:h hy`Mj" jkh kue;s isß foõÿjf.a ^Ys%hd ldka;djf.a& moaurd. ud‚lHfhka n|kd

,o rka wdNrK fuka uekúka msmqKq" ÿkqfla .ia yd u,a msmqKq uqre; .ia yd;ami

msÍ we;a;d jQ" ó ueiaika msßjerE ´¨" udfk,a" t< udfk,a" fk¨ï hk u,aj,ska

msreKq ysu yd iudk iS;, c,fhka hqla; jQ .eUqre c,dYh ^fyn& ±l hkak'

96

wNHdi

1' iajNdj fi!kao¾h j¾Kkd i|yd lúhd Ndú; lrk úúO ldjH Wml%u

idlÉPd lrkak'

2' ie<,sys‚ ikafoaY l;=jrhd ¥;hdg lrk u. jekqïj, § iajNdfjdala;shg uq,a

;ekla fok whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3' úúO wjia:d j¾Kkfhys,d ie<,sys‚ l;=jrhd olajk iu;alu w.hkak'

4' fï moHj,ska fy<s jk úúO iudc wd¾Ól f;dr;=re úiA;r lrkak'

5' lúhd ¥;hdg fmkajk pu;aldrckl jk mshfiys wisßh idlÉPd lrkak'

97

l=ryka bisuqj l¿jr n,d,d 12

ck lú ^l=rlalka lú&

ck lú ms<sn|j f;dr;=re rdYshla ;=kajk mdvfï § oelaú‚' l=rlalka lú o"

ck lú m%j¾.hls' f.dúhdg l=rlalka j.dfõ § we;s jk ÿIalr;d l=rlalka

lú uÕska m%ldY fõ' l=rlalka fyak wiaieoa§ug fmr le,E t<s-fmfy<s lsÍfï

mgka" wiajekak fk<d .ekSu olajd jQ ish¨ wjia:d l=rlalka lú ;=< wka;¾.;

fõ' b;d fjfyi ù l=rlalka fyak ilik wdldrh o j.dj irejkjd;a iuÕ

thg ydks lsÍug i;=kaf.a meñŒu o th wdrCId lsÍug ;ud oerE fjfyi o

ms<sn|j f.dúhdg my< jQ is;=ú,s ksrdhdifhka lú njg m;a ù we;'

fï mdvfï we;=<;a jkafka tn÷ l=rlalka lú lsysmhls'

ÿre;= ufya § le,hg je§,d

uila muK l,a le,j,a fldgd,d

ueÈka Èfka § j,a .sks ;nd,d

l=ryka bisuqj l¿jr n,d,d

t,a, fjkag lú lr lSfjñ fndfydu

fld,a, lkag t;s isjqmdfjda fndfydu

f.d,a, iuÕ t;s W!frda ieuodu

ks,a, wU;s i;a ojiska ne¨jdu

ud lS foa fohshks fndrejla u ke;s

ìu t<s jqfKd;a lKq uÿ fndfydu <Õ we;s

weyeg fjfyi we; ;=ka hug ksÈ ke;s

f.dn l¿ fjñka l=ryka lsß jeo jefv;s

fyafka mef,a ud ú¢kd iqrelalka

W!frda weú;a jg msg lr;s ilauka

jegg;a Wäka Wka w,a,k u,lalka

wfmdhs uf.a lsß jÈkd l=rlalka

98

lgq we,af,a uf. fyafka l=rlalka

jeg wyqrd W!rkaf.ka j<lalka

lr .kakg neß Wka uy l=rlalka

W!frks fkdld m,hõ uf. l=rlalka

fuod fyafk meys,d we;s l=rlalka

rkajka lr,a nr ù we;s iqrlalka

W!frda fkdlEfjd;a fyafka l=rlalka

nv.skakg wjqiohls l=rlalka

l=rlalka ;=khs jemqrefj wudrefõ

lmkag;a nerej w;mh reodfõ

wßkag;a nerej f,dj. u iskdfõ

lmuq kEfk bmke,af,a iqndfõ

tfm;s fofm;s uy fyafka l=rlalka

uÕ hkafkda ug iroï lrlalka

tfm;s fjkav ljqoehs l< krlalka

lmd .ksuq tl fm;af;a l=rlalka

wNHdi

01' l=rlalka j.dfõ § f.dúhd uqyqK ÿka úúO wNsfhda. ch .ekSug Tyq ±rE

fjfyi l=ryka lú u`.ska m%ldY jk wkaou meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' ck lúfha we;s wjHdc;ajh l=rlalka lú flfrka ksrEmKh jk wdldrh

WodyrK iys; j úuikak'

03' ir,;ajh" ixlaIsma; Ndjh yd èjks;d¾:j;a mo Ndú;h o l=rlalka lú

id¾:l ùug fya;=jls' ksoiqka iys;j idlÉPd lrkak'

99

wmg jeisls<shla 13

fla' ch;s,l ^1926 - 2010&

isxy, idys;H jxYfhys iqúfYaI flál;dlrejl= f,i

úpdrl wjOdkh Èkd .;a fla' ch;s,l uy;d lsß¢je,

rodjdfka § 1926'06'27 Èk Wm; ,nd we;' rodjdk msßñ

mdif,ka uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,o Tyq iafjda;aidyfhka md,s

NdIdj ms<sn|j o ukd mßphla we;s lr .;af;a h' miqj

fyf;u ,kavka úYajúoHd,fhka Ydia;%fõ§ Wmdêh o

Èkd .;af;a h' fla' ch;s,lf.a uq,a u flál;d ix.%yh

jkafka mqkre;am;a;sh iy ;j;a flá l;d lD;sh hs' fuu

flál;d ix.%yh m< jkafka 1955 jif¾ § h' tlf.hs wjqreoao" fkdksñ is;a;u

yd ;j;a flá l;d" w;SrKh" jðr mín;" lgq iy u,a fu;=udf.a fiiq flá l;d

ix.%y w;r fjhs'

mqxÑrd<" mqxÑrd<f.a urKh" rdcmCI j,õj" u;= iïnkaOhs" udhd ud,s.d" ldf,da

whx f;a" pß; ;=kla" fof,djg ke;s wh" mrdð;fhda" ms;duy jeks kjl;d /ila o

ks¾udKh l< fla' ch;s,l tA w;ßka pß; ;=kla" ms;duy" mqxÑrd<" u;= iïnkaOhs

hk kjl;d i|yd rdcH iïudk ysñ lr f.k we;' biairy n,kafkda" mqxÑ

j,dl=< iy mqxÑ mq;d" breKq n<,d" vqx vqx vqvqx vqx" l;kaor fmd;" whshhs kx.shs"

Trf,daiqjd iy ,iaik <uhs" jk igk" wuq;= l;d" rejka l=udß hk lD;s" fla'

ch;s,lhka w;ska ìys jQfha <ud mrmqr fjkqfjks'

idys;H úpdr" o¾Ykjdo" iajlSh w;a±lSï yd ks¾udKlrKh n÷ fCIA;%hka i|yd o

.%ka: /ila rpkd lr we;s fu;=ud f,aLlhl= tla jrla muKla msÿï ,nk

‘idys;H r;ak’ iïudkfhka o chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fhka msßkefuk idys;H

iQß iïudkfhka o msÿï ,enqfõ h'

‘wmg jeisls<shla’ fu;=udf.a fkdksñ is;a;u yd ;j;a flál;d hk flál;d

ix.%yfhys tk ks¾udKhls'

100

wlald l=rlalka jxf.ähg ud jdä lrjd .;af;a fudk ;rï fjfyila .ekSfuka

blaì;sj o@

“fyg Wfoag l=ryka frdá álla yokak l=ryka ál wUr.kak Wojq fjkjo

u,a,sfh@” wE Wfoau uf.ka weiqjd h'

“fï Wfoau l=ryka wUrkak mq`Mjke@ oj,a fj,d tkakï” uu lSñ' ud tfia lSfõ ta

fõ,djg wef.a b,a,Su u. yeÍfï fÉ;kdfjka úkd" miqj iyNd.s jk woyilska

fkdfõ' wehg fï .ek u;l ke;s ù h;ehs fyda fjk;a wfhl= Woõ lr f.k th

lr .kq we;ehs ud n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ kuq;a oj,a h<s;a wE ta .ek u;la l<d h'

“±ka kï yß vdÈh wlafla' yjig wUruq'”

“Wfoa lsõjyu Wfo;a nE lsõjd" oj,a lsõjdyu ojd¨;a nE lsõj' ±ka b;ska yjia

fj,d fk' ±ka j;a b;ska jfrka'” iji;a wE lrorh f.k wdjd h'

“fudk johlao ukao' fï f.or uu ú;ro l=ryka wUrkak bkafk@ ug nE' ug

jev ;sfhkj' ´ke flfkla tlal wUr .kak'”

“wehs u,a,s tfyu lshkak@ wikSfmka bkak wïug mq`Mjkao ´j lrkak@ fmdä

u,a,shs kx.shs ysáhg ta fmdä tjqkag mq`Mjka o fomdrlaj;a jxf.äh lrljkag'”

“tfykï l=,Sldrfhla fydhd .kska' ug nE lsõfjd;a nE'” hs uu ierjqfKñ'

wlaldg fujeks ier lsÍï" m%;slafIam lsÍï fydòg mqreÿh' lïuf,a isák n,a,dg

hlv ;<k y`v fuka wehg o fïjd .Kkla ke;' tfyhska “wfka u,a,sfh" wfka” hehs lshñka ud thg tl`. jk ;=re fyda f.oßka msg ù hk ;=re fyda hdmamq jkakg

mgka .kS' wef.a b,a,Sulg ud tl`. jkafka l,d;=rlsks' jeämqr u lrkafka .id

nid oud ke.sg hEu h'

hka;ïj;a ;d;a;dg fï nj weiqfKd;a ug fi,a,ï kgkakg ,efnkafka ke;'

“f;da fydr w,sh jf. fu;k lld bkakj' f;dg talj;a lr, fokak neßo@ lõo

fu;k w;la mhla fkd fyd,a,k tjqkag ;eïu yo, fokag bkafk@” Tyq neK

jÈhs' túg ug ish,a, yl=,d f.k f.dia ta jev rdcldß lr §ug isÿ fjhs'

;u wNsu;d¾:idOkh iòyd fujeks flá udj;la we;;a wlald lsis Èkl thska

m%fhdack .kakg fkd is;hs' tfyhska ;d;a;d isák úgl wE ljodj;a fujeks

b,a,Sula lrkafka ke;' wef.a ta ldreKslNdjfhka ke;fyd;a ÿ¾j,;dfjka uu

fkd iEfyk ;rï m%fhdack .;sñ' wE uf.ka hula b,a,d isák úg ;d;a;d ÿr tkq

fmkqfKd;a “wkak ;d;a;;a tkjd' ug jevla ;sfhkj'” hs uu lshñ' ta tlalu

wef.a lgg w.=¨ jefghs' uu uf.a ksoyi ,nñ'

fuÈk ;d;a;d meñfKkq udj;a wlaldj;a ÿgqfõ ke;' Tyq olskakg;a fmr Tyq

meñK we;s nj mejiqfõ Tyqf.a f.dfrdaiq lgy`v h'

101

“Tõæ yeufoau neyaæ neyaæ lg ú;rhs fyd,a,kak mq`Mjka' w;la fyd,a,kak tmdæ

lEï mSï fiaru fomd uq,g my< fjhs' n,d ysgmshæ” Tyq lSfõ l=ula±hs ug tfõf,a

f;arefKa ke;' ud l=rlalka jx f.äh <`.g ùis jQfha Tyqf.a jpkj, Yíofhka

úkd w¾:fhka fkdfõ'

nUhla muK È. úYd, y;/ia ,S fldghla ueÈka fome;a; ljdldr j lmd

l=rlalka jxf.äfha há., iú lr we;' fï há.f,a ueo l+[a[hls' ueo isÿr

iys; Wvq., fkdjeà lrlefjkafka fï l+[a[h ksid h' uqÿkska uy;a j msysá

Wvq.f,a j<g wlald ÿUqre meye;s l=rlalka w;f<diaila ouhs' blaì;sj Wvq.f,a

msg;g fkrd.sh ;eklg iú lr we;s w; wlald;a ud;a w,a,d f.k ., lrljuq'

túg l=rlalka weUÍ iqÿ mdg jeiaila fuka ., jfÜg ye,S hhs' ,S lfòa há

me;af;ka w`.,a folla muK lmd ±uQ bfvka ;enQ úYd, jÜáhlg h' fï msá tl;=

jkafka' l=rlalka weUÍu .eyekqkaf.a jevla hehs is;d ud Bg iyNd.s fkdjk

kuq;a fufia tajd wUrk úg kï we;s jkafka i;=gls'

“;d;a;d tkjd ±l,d ug nkakjkak l:d l<d fkao@” hs uu fkdi;=gq

uqyqKska wlaldg ññKqfjñ'

“wfka kE u,a,s" ;d;a; fldfyka my< WKdo lsh, ug;a mqÿuhsæ iq.;kq;a tlal

wdj;a l;d lrkjdj;a weyqfK kE'”

;d;a;d;a mkai, <`. f.or iq.;kq;a biaf;damamqfõ weò u; bòf.k l;d lr;s'

wms fokakd l=rlalka wUruq' wïud;a kx.S;a l=iaisfha h' u,a,s muKla ;ju;a

j;af;a h'

“whafh" whafh" fmd,sialdrfhlaæ” yÈiaisfha u y;s ,ñka wm fj; ÿj f.k wd

fmdä u,a,s oE;a jkñka ug l;d flf<a h' uu lrñka isá jevh tfyuu k;r

lr ke.sg iru ilia lrñka Tyq;a iu`. biaf;damamqjg Èjqfjñ' fmd,sialdrfhla@

fmd,sialdrfhl= fï .ug md;ajkafka lS l,amhlgo@ wmrdOhla isÿ ù we;af;a

fldyso@ Tyq tkafka ljqreka w,a,kago@ ljqreka w,a,kag meñKsh;a Tyq olsk úg

jrola l< fkdl< ld;=<;a we;s jkafka ìhls' ta tlalu ljqre;a fï ÿ,n o¾Ykh

krUñka Tyq miq miafia jeà h;s'

ud biaf;damamqjg meñfKk úg;a" ug l,ska u,a,sf.ka ta wdrxÑh ,o ;d;a;d;a

iq.;kq;a wefòka ke.sg ms, woaorg ù wE; nvjeáh foi n,d isá;s' wuq;a;l=f.a

Pdhdj wE;ska Èia fõ' ta fmd,sialdrfhla fkdfõ' fmd,sialdrhd w`Èkafka ldls

fldg l,siï h'

fudyq;a ta m%udKfha fldg l,siula weò isáh;a ta iqÿ mdg h' ysfia me<`È f;dmamsh o

fmd,sia f;dmamshlg fjkia h' fldhs ;rï o¾YkSh jqj;a wuq;af;l=f.a meñKSu

iqnodhl fkd úh yels h'

102

“l=Kq biameÜgræ iq.;ka ;u y`ÿkd .ekau ms<snòj Wmka .¾jfhka hq;=j lSh'

“wo Wfoa ysgka mkai,a f.dve,af, yeu f.orlgu .syska ;sfhkj' llal=iais ke;s

yefudagu kvq odkj¨' yjia fjÉp ksid ux ys;=fj kE fï me;af; taú lsh,d'”kvq ouk nj lSj;a fmd,sia Nghl= flfrys ;rï ìhla wmg Tyq úIfhys we;s

fkdù h' ta ksidu foda Tyqf.a uqyqfKys o iermreI njla fkdfmksKs' flfia jqj;a

tys lsisÿ ñ;% ,S,djla ;snqfKa o ke;' mq`M,a jgl=re ta uqyqK wfma .fï lsisjl=g;a

fkdjQ ;rï mqIaáu;a yd kd.ßl úh' Bgu iß,k mßÈ YÍrh o nr jev fkd f.k

iS;, fijfKa jevqKq tlla úh' Tyq we| isá w;a fldg lñifha ndyqj,;a mmqfõ;a

má w,a,d ;sfí' me<ò isá f;dmamsh o .,aleghlg jqj o Tfrd;a;= fok ;rï >k

jQjls'

wuq;a;d bÈßfha fmr .uka fkd lr isákakg fkd yels mßoafoka ;d;a;d;a iq.;kq;a

Tyq <x jk úg ñÿ,g neiaidy' wms o ta wkqj ñÿ,g nei" Tjqka msgqmig ùuq'

wuq;a;d meñK" wfma ñÿ, woaor k;r úh'

“ljqo fï f.or .DyuQ,slhd@” Tyq l;d flf<a ljr NdIdjlska o@ jpk isxy,

jqj;a WÉpdrKh isxy, fkd ù h' ;d;a;dg o fuh .eg¨jla jQ nj fmkS .sfha

Tyq úu;sfhka iq.;kaf.a uqyqK neÆ ieáfhks' iq.;ka th f;areï .ekSug l,ska

wuq;a;df.a Wmldrh ,eìK'

“ljqo fï f.or f,dlald@” fujr Tyqf.a WÉpdrKh o fmrg jvd meyeÈ,s úh'

“uu” ;d;a;d nhdÿ f,i ms<s;=re Èks'

“fudllao ku@”“fyar;a'”“fyar;a lshkafk fudk fyar;a o@ jdi.ula keoao@”“;sfhkj' mgne`Èf.a fyar;a'”wuq;a;d ta ish,a, ;ud f.kjq;a ;snQ È.á fmdf;ys igyka lr .;s'

“fï f.or jeisls<shla ;sfhkjo@”;d;a;d h<s;a Wvìu n,hs'

“fï f.or llal=iaishla ;sfhkjo@”“kE'”“iqudk folla we;=<; jeisls<shla yokak ´ke' uu wdhsu;a iqudk follg miafi

tkj' t;fldg jeisls<shla yo, fkd;snqfKd;a kvq odkjd' tfyu lf<d;a Widú

.syska ov lkak fõú'”fuhg lsisjl= ms<s;=re ÿkafka ke;' i;s folla ;=< jeisls<shla ;kd ksu lrkafka

flfiao hk m%Yakh ke.Sug lsisfjla bÈßm;a fkdù h' Tjqyq ljqre;a wkaoukao ù

isáhdy' tfy;a fï lsisjlska wuq;a;d ;=< fjkila fkd olakd ,È' Tyq j;a; my<g

weia ÿjjñka ;j;a m%Yakhla ke.S h'

103

“fu;kska tydg ;j;a f.j,a ;sfhkjo@”“Tõæ m,af,yd ;sfhkafk fj,ahdh' Bg tydhska ;j;a .ï f.dve,a,la ;sfhkj'”“ta f.j,aj,g jeisls<s ;sfhkjo@”“tfyu fohla .ek wy,j;a ke;=j we;s ufh ysf;a'”“fldfyduo tydg hkafk@”“we<g Wäka taoKavla od, ;sfhkj' tal Èf.a hkak ´kE'”;d;a;d w; Èlalr fmkajQ me;af;ka jeà we;s wä mdr Èf.a bkaiamelag¾ .uka

lrkag úh' Bg l,ska lsis Èkl fï ìug im;a;= mdrla fkd jÈkakg we;' wms fï

wd.ka;=l o¾Ykh msgqmiafia jegqfKuq'

l,ska Èk lSmfha jg j¾Idj ksid we< msÍ ;sìK' bka tf.dv ùug taoKav

yeáhg oud ;snqfKa ;ks fmd,a fldghls' fï taoKav Èf.a tydg fuydg hEu wmg

wreuhla fkdù h' iuyr wjia:dj, th Èf.a tydg fuydg Èùu fi,a,ula úh'

bkaiamelag¾g tfia fkdù h' Tyq nr im;a;= ±uQ mh ta u; ;nd ;o fldg ne,S h'

taoKav fkd ie,S isáh kuq;a Tyqf.a mh nod .;af;a ke;' fuh ta ;rï mfriaiï

iys; .ukla fkdjk nj Tyqg ta;a;= hkakg we;' mh ,siaid .sh fyd;a" ke;akï

iunr ke;s jqj fyd;a Tyq /fòkafka wä .Kkla my<ska .,d hk Èh mdfrys h'

túg kEfuka muKla ;Dma;su;aj f.dv taug ,enqfKd;a ta;a f,dl= jdikdjls'

“±ka yjia WKd jeähs" tfyg fjk ojil hkj” hs Tyq mh wdmiq .;af;a h'

wm ldg;a ksoyfia yqiau .kakg mq`Mjka jQfha állg l,ska Tyq u;= ù wd nvjeáh

;=< u Tyq fkdfmkS .shdg miqj h' ;d;a;d;a iq.;kq;a wdmiq weòg meñKshy'

ó<`.g Tjqka l;dnia lrkq we;af;a bkaiamelag¾ .ek h' thg ijka fokakg wm

;=< o we;af;a uy;a l=;+y,hls' ta ksid wms o ta lsÜgqj u ±jgqfKuq'

“l=Kq biameÜgr ;sfldaksialdrhf. f.foÜg .syska weyeõj¨ ‘llal=iaishla

;sfhkjo@’ lsh,'” iq.;ka mgka .;af;a h' “;sfldaksia lsõj¨ ‘wfka nqÿ uy;a;fhd"

fufy fudk llal=iaiso@ Tkak T;kska Th neoaog md;a fjkak'’ tfyu lsh,"

zfl,af, fï uy;a;hg j;=rmksÜgqjla f.k;a §mshZ lsh,;a lsõj¨' ñksyg ;ry

.sh mdr tfjf,u kvq odkav ku ,shdf.k .shd¨æ” fuh lshd fofokd u iskdiqKy'

iq.;ka yhsfhka iskdfik úg ‘fldla’ ‘fldla’ hk y`vla k.hs'

“fuÉpr l,a fkd;snqKq llal=iaishla fudl o fï tl mdrgu ´ke jqfKa@ ldf.

yß uf.daähla fjkak we;s" ldg ;sfhk i,a,so ´jd yokak@ ´flka fïflka

fjkafk wmg;a Widú nv.dkak' Wkag kï fudflda''' wdxvqfjka mä lld lshdú'

z´x yomka ke;akï kvq odkj’ lsh,' ÿmam;a wms ;uhs kefykafk'˜

“±ka Th mdr woaor kï yeu f.orlu llal=iais yo, ;sfhkj' ke;s tjqkag ov

.y,;a ;sfhkj'”

104

“mdr whsfk tfyu tlla ;sfhk tl yß' fudlo tfy le,E ;sfhkjo@ fï

lef,ka jg fj,d bkak wmg fudk llal=iais o@ kS;sfhka fífrkav yeÿjhs lshuq'

f.hla we;=f< bò f.k;a Th jefâ l< yels o@ ldg mq`Mjka WK;a ug kï nE'” “WU Tfydu lshkj' fld<U rfÜ llal=iais ;sfhkafk fldfyduo okakj o@ fï

jf.a tmsáka fkfuhs' f.a we;=f<u¨' Wka kdkafk;a tal we;=f<u bòf.k¨ fk'” “Isla ú;rlaæ .ò .ykafk keoao@”

“taj mhsmam Èf.a hkjhs lsh, ;uhs lshkafk' ta WKdg fudk crdjlao llal=iaishla

f.a we;=f< ;shdf.k bkak tl' llal=iaishla tmd" fmdä <ufhla f.hs le;

lf<d;a tal wia lr ouk l,a ysßls; keoao@”

“fï fudk lrorhla j;a kEfk wfma f.org;a taoKavlska f.dv fj,d tkav

;snqK kïæ” ;d;a;d lshQ fofhys w¾:h tljr u iq.;kag jegyqfKa ke;' th

jegyqK úg Tyq fmr fuka u fldla y`v,d iskdiqKs'

tod ud kskaog .sfha o yÈisfha .ug meñ‚ fï wuq;a;d .ek is;ñks' ug Tyq isysfkkq;a

fmfkkakg weoao@ th lsj fkdyelafla ug isysk u;l fkdisák neúks' tla tla wh

;uka ÿgq isysk .ek l;d lrk úg ? kskafoa § ud o hï hï foa ÿgq nj isys l< yelsh'

tfy;a lsisjl=g lshkakg ;rï meyeÈ,s f,i tAjd isyshg weo .ekSug kqmq¿jk'

miqod Wfoa bkaiamelag¾ uf.a isyshg uq,ska u kexf.a keyeh mskjd f.k l=iaish

foiska me;sÍ wd iqj|la fya;= fldg f.k h' th l=rlalka frdá iqj|ls' bkaiamelag¾

.shdg miq ;d;a;d f.or u isá ksid wlald ug l=rlalka wUrkakg l;d flf<a

ke;' flfia fyda msá ál wUrdf.k frdá idod we;s nj fmfka' uu jydu

l=iaishg Èj .sfhñ' wlald ,sm <Õ ysrukd fldgh ;nd jdä ù b¢hs' <ssm u;

;enQ lnf,a frdáhla ÿï ouñka lrfjhs' Wvqme;a; l,ska lr lr wksla me;a; ±uQ

frdáfha tA me;a; o lrjQ miq wE ye¢ ñá folla tlalr th nd <Õ ;snQ jÜáh u;

;enqjd h' ;ek ;ek lekao fld< lE,s ±ù .e,ù f.dia ;snQ frdáh lsisÿ weys,a,la

ne,s,a,la ke;sj .kakg uu jEhï lf<ñ'

“msÉfphs" msÉfphs' l,n, ke;sj b¢ka álla” wlald lSjd h' uu weh lshQ foh

fkdweiqKdla fuka frdáh f.k th w;ska w;g udre lrñka yd thg msôñka

biaf;damamqjg ÿj .sfhñ'

“l=rlalka wUrkav wh ke;=jg lkav wh kï ´kE ;rï bkakj' ug;a lrkav

;snqfK wr ù wegh wyq,mq lsls<s lrmq foa” wE ud foi n,d iskdfiñka lSjd h'

ó<Õ i;sh fyda fol we;=<; .fï ljqre;a l;dny jQfha fi!LH mÍlaIlf.a meñŒu

.ek h' iuyreka Tyq ye¢kajQfha ‘iekaáfmdaÜ’ hk kñks' iuyre jeisls<shla idod

.ekSfï wjYH;dj .ek lSy' iuyreka l;d lf<a tys we;s ÿIalr;d .ek h' ;j;a

iuyrekaf.a wjOdkh fhduq ù ;snqfKa bkaiamelag¾ lS mßÈ l%shd fkdl< fyd;a

105

isÿ úh yels lror ms<sn|j h' ;d;a;d wh;a jQfha fï ;=kajeks fldgig h' Tyqf.a

fkdflfrk fjolug Tyq flda÷ref;,a y;amÜghla fidhkakg mgka .;s'

“ldg ;sfhk i,a,s o@” Tyq jrla wihs'

“;sfhk fohla úl=K,d yß i,a,s fydhd .;a;d lshuqfld' flda b;ska ndia,d@” kej; wihs'

j¾Idjla jei mdhkakdla fuka l;dny o ld,h;a iu. ;=r,a ù hkakg úh' i;s

fol;=klska th yeu fokdgu wu;l ù .sh f,ila fmfkkakg ;snq‚' tfy;a

ulrd ksod .;a;d úkd ñh .sfha ke;' wksla wh kskaog .sh w;r W! h<s;a keÕsg

.u mqrd ieß irkakg úh' udi follg muK miq .fï kd.ßl fl<jf¾ isg

l=Kq biameÜgr h<s;a fyd,auka lrk nj l,a;shd u ±k.kakg ,eìK' tf;la ksod

isáfhda jyjyd wjÈ jkakg jQy¦ wjÈ ù ÿj mek weúÈkakg jQy' isfuka;s fldÜgh

fol" .,a yd je,s iuÕ yeu f.orla <Õu mdfya f.dv .efikakg úh' th

fïika ndiajrekag jev wêl" b;d jdisodhl ld,hla úh' jevla ke;sj ;ek ;ek

ria;shdÿ fjñka isá .egjrfhdao zyÈis ndiajrekaZ jkakg jQy'

wfma f.org ndia flfkl= wd Èkh wmg úfYaI ojila úh' u,a,s;a ud;a muKla

fkdj kx.sj;a Tyq <Õska bj;g .sfha ke;' Tyq fh§ isák wdYap¾hj;a l%shdj foi

wms weismsh fkdfy<d n,d isáfhuq'

ndia m<uqfjkau rg wU ,E,sj,ska y;/ia fldgqjla ;kd,S h' bka wk;=rej leg

l¿.,a" je,s yd isfuka;s j;=frka ñY% lr" tA noduh hlv ±,la ueÈ fldg ,S fldgqfjys

±ó h' tfia lf<a ueo È.ska wähla muK m<,ska wÕ,a y;rla muK jQ;a o È.á

y;/ia fldgqjla fífrk mßÈ h' fmdähg fmkqK;a fï jevh i|yd Tyqg iïmQ¾K

ojila .; úh' iji jeisls<s ,E,af,a iqo ;nd Tyq .;ukdj;a /f.k wdmiq .sfha

miqjod Wfoa ,E,a,g j;=r bi f;ñh hq;= hehs wmg Wmfoia §fuka blaì;sj h'

yßhgu fykyqrd md;ajQfha wm fï wjjdoh ls%hdjg mßj¾;kh lrñka isáh § h'

“flda" lõo fyar;a lshkafk@”

“uu” ;d;a;d bÈßm;a úh'

“flda" jeisls<sh yeÿjo@” Tyq .s.=refõ h'

“;ju bjr kE'”

“bjr kE lshkafka yokak mgka .;a;o@”

“tAlg ;uhs fï ,E,a, ±ïfu'”

“,E,a, ±ïug jeisls<shla yefokjo ñksfyd@ iqudk follska yokj lsh, fkao

106

tod fmdfrdkaÿ WfKa@ ±ka iqudk fol fkfuhs" udi follg;a jeäh we;s'”

“kE wdhsfndajka" fï ojia áfla tl È.g u l=Uqre jev ;snqK' tAlhs bjr lrkak

neß jqfKa'”

“´j .syska lshkj ug fkfjhs" Widúhg' flda j< lm,o@”

;d;a;d Wv ìu ne,S h¦ “;ju kE”hs wk;=rej lS h'

“j< lmkak mgka .;af;j;a ke;=jhs ‘;ju kE’æ .Efj" ;j iqudk follska jev

bjr lr, fkd;snqfKd;a n,d .; yels" ldgo jrÈkafk lsh,'”

“yeu fokd u ,E,s ouk yskao ±ïu ñil j<la ´kehs lsh, ug kï l,amkdjla

j;a WfKa kE'” hs fi!LH mÍlaIljrhd msg;a j .sh blaì;s ;d;a;d ;kshu lS h'

jeisls<s ;ekSug lsisu Wkkaÿjla fkd.;a lsysm fofkl=g u kvq mejÍug ,shd

f.k .sh nj ie,jQfhka miqjod u j<la lemSu wdrïN lrk ,È' th ;d;a;dg u

l< yels fohla jQfhka Wmfoia yefrkakg fjk Woõjla lsisjl=f.ka wjYH

fkdù h' jf<ka miq kej;;a jev k;r úh' tA" fujr;a fi!LH mÍlaIl i;s

folla we;=<; fkdmeñ‚ neúks' tfy;a yh uilg muK miq h<s;a Tyq f.org

md;a jQ l, .e,ù .; yels jQfha fkdj¢k je÷ï je|" flfia fyda ;j i;s folla

we;=<; jeisls<sh ;kd ksu lrk njg fmdfrdkaÿjla §fuka blaì;sj h'

;j ÿrg;a fuh l,a±ñh fkdyels h' wvla jev wjika lr we;s ksid tfia l,a

±ófï f;areula o ke;' kvq" Widú hkq fndfyda .eñhkag fuka u ;d;a;dg o

fr!rj krlh jeks Nhdkl foaj,a h' fï ksid f.org mqxÑ meáhl= we;s jQjdla

fuka" f.a lsÜgqj mqxÑ jeisls<shla ;eksK' fï mqxÑ megjd uy tldg;a jvd ,iaik

úh' uy f.or ìu f.duueá h' fuys isfuka;s h' uy f.hs ì;a;sj, f.du ueá h'

fuys iqÿyqKq h' kElu yeÕùug fuka fofla u jy, fiú,s lr ;snqfKa fmd,a

w;=j,sks' fmdä tldf.a Wmka Èkh 1924'12'1 hkqfjka W¿jiaig Wäka fldgd

;sì‚'

fi!LH mÍlaIljrhd B<Õ jdrfha meñ‚ úg wfma fï ymkalu ±l ;Dma;su;a jQjdg

iel ke;' Tyq jeisls<sh jfÜ hñka mÍlaId lr ne,S h¦ fodfrka we;=¿ ù j<g

tìlï lr ne,S h' ljr wvqmdvqjla fmkakd fokq weoa±hs wm úu;sfhka n,d isá

w;r Tyqg fmkaùug fohla tys fkdù h' Tyq msgqmi ;d;a;d iekis,s iqiqula fy<S h'

jeisl<sh ;kd ksu jQ kuq;a wms lsisfjla th mdúÉÑ fkd lf<uq' kS;sfhka .e,ùug

fi!LH mÍlaIlg;a wmg;a wjYH jQfha f.dvke.s,a, muKls' jeisls<sh ;ekSfuka

miq th wksjd¾hfhka u mdúÉÑhg .kq we;ehs bkaiamelag¾ is;=jd o úh yels h'

107

wms kï thg llal=iaish lshd j;a fkdlSfjuq' wmg kqyqre th wm ye¢kajQfha

‘jeisls<sh’ hk kqyqre" tfy;a f.!rjdkaú; kñks' fï w;r u,a,s;a kx.S;a th

fjk;a jevlg fhdod .;ay' tkï fi,a,ï n;a bùug;a" fi,a,ï lv ±óug;a hæ

iEuodu WoEik wms tla tlaflkd tl tl Èidfjka le,E frdog msúfiuq' m÷re

wE;a uE;a lr ßx.k wmg flfkl=g ksoyfia jdä ù isàug ;rï bvlv we;sj

.ia fld<kaj,ska jg jqKq ìïlvla yuq fjhs' .ia uE;a lrk wäh ;nk yçka u

ks,ueis yuqodjla rEx .df.k wyig keÕ wdfjd;a wms t;ekska jydu miqnisuq'

jkfrdÈka msgjk msßñka fl<ska u hkafka j;a; my<ska .,d hk we< mdr fj;g h'

.eyekq j;=r mksÜgqjl=;a /f.k fmd,a w;= ueiaig;a or ueiaig;a w;r jk ysia ìï

;Srejg h;s' fuys msgqmiska nvjeáhls' bÈßmiska tkid,a m÷re lSmhls' tfyhska

tys .sh flfkl= msg; isák wfhl=g fmfkkafka ke;'

rd;%s ld,fhys kï le,E frdfoys o wr ;rï we;=<g hEu wjYH fkdfõ' fï .ukg

jvd;a u fyd| fmd,a lgqjl .ik ,o bámkaouls' fmd,algqj wksla me;a;g yrjd

;enQ l,ays b|f.k isák ;eke;a;d fkdfmfkk fyhsks' tfy;a yeuodu f.or

bámkaoï we;af;a ke;' jeiaila iq<Õla wef;d;a l=mams ,dïmqj f.k hEug o kqmq¿jk'

túg yq¿ w;a;lg;a jvd fyd| ykiails' iuyr ykiq b;du;a WmldrYS,S h' tAjd

t<sh wkjYH úg álla ks¢ lrjd" wjYH úgl o,ajd .ekSug mq¿jk' t<sh we;;a

ke;;a mdrla f;dgla wmú;% fkdlsÍug ljqre;a mfriaiï jQy' tfia l<fyd;a

wfOdauqLfhys f.ä iEfo;ehs hk úYajdih ld ;=<;a ;Èka uq,a nei f.k mej;s

neúks'

w¨;a wjqreoafoa w¨;a mka;shlg .sh úg wmg b.ekajQ úIhka w;r fi!LH úoHdj o

úh' úIîc yd laIqø m%dŒka ms<sn|j o fuys§ W.kajkq ,eìK' tA wkqj we;eï f,v

frda. iEÿfKa Tjqkaf.ks' fuh fuf;la ud is;d isá frda. ksodkj,g jvd fjkia

úh' l=uk f,vla iE§ fjo uy;d <Õg .sh;a Tyq lSfõ jd;h" ms; ke; fyd;a fiu

lsmSfuka th ygf.k we;s nj h' wïud yd ;d;a;d;a th tfia u úYajdi l< w;r

hlaI fodaI yd fm%a; fodaIj,skao f,v yg .kakd nj Tjqka w;r we;s jQ l;dniaj,ska

meyeÈ,s úh' fï mriamr úfrdaO Ndjfhka ud ;=< úu;shla yg .;af;ka uu

mdif,a W.;a lreKq .ek wïudg lSfjñ'

“weyegj;a fkdfmfkk i;=kag mq¿jka o fuÉpr f,dl= ñksia weÕlg ydks

lrkak@ tfyu kï uelafld" ul=fKd lk ;rug ñksiaiqhs lsh, cd;shla b;=re

fõúhe@” wïud lSjd h'

“tfyu kï wmg fmf¾;fhd fldfydug j;a fmfkkafk kE fkdje@”“weyeg fkdfmkqKdg iuyr fmf¾;fhd bkakj l÷ mrej; ;rï úYd,' tl

fmf¾; j¾.hla bkakj¨ weÕ m¾j;hla ;rï úYd, WKdg lg b¢lgq u,la

;rug mqxÑ'”

108

“b;ska tA fkdfmfkk i;d fmfkk fohla ldmqjyu tA ldmq foaj;a fmakag tmdhe@”

“fmf¾;fhd lEu lkafk kE' lEug ÈIaáh fy<kj' tfyu ÈIaáh fy<mq lEu

ldmqjyu ;uhs f,v fjkafk'”

úu;sh uq¿ukska u my kqjQj;a wïud lshQ foh we;a; jkakg we;ehs uu tfõf,a

is;=fjñ' tfia jqj;a mdif,a § fi!LH mdvu ;j ÿrg;a bf.k .kakd úg tA

bf.k .kakd lreKq jvd i;Hhhs isf;kakg úh' jeisls<s mdúÉÑ fkd lsÍu ksid

mdpkh" fld,rdj" fldl=mKq frda.h jeks f,v frda. we;s jk njo lsheú‚'

mdif,a fmkajQ ‘ueðla’ fyj;a ksi, rEmrduq m%o¾Ykhl § fldl=mKq frda.Skaf.a

wiQÑ ud¾.fhka fldl=mKq frda.h me;sfrk PdhdrEm olakg ,eîfuka fï woyi

jvd;a ;yjqre úh' tmuKla fkdj" jeisls<s mdúÉÑh w¾:j;a l%shdjlehs o tA;a;=

.ekaú‚'

wm mdif,a jeisls<shla yd leisls<shla ;snQ kuq;a uu ljodj;a jeisls<sh m%fhdackhg

f.k ke;af;ñ' wjYH;djla we;s jQ úg mjd f.or tk;=re ;o lrf.k isáfhñ'

fjk;a <uhska o fuys hkq ud ±l ke;' tfyhska th .=rejrekag muKla iSud jQjla

f,i ie,lSfuys jrola ke;' úfõl ld,fha iSkqj kdo j;a u wm rxpqj msáka u

ÿjf.k .sfha uQ;%d lsÍu i|yd leisls<sh fj;g h'

úhmeyeoï fldg uykais ù jeisls<shla ;kd w,xldrh iòyd ;nd .ekSfï f;areu

l=ula o@ le,E frdog jÈoa§ jrla folla u mhg ±kqKq ms<sl=,a iam¾Yh u;la jk

úgla ysßls;hla we;s lr,hs' fï yefrkakg" w¨;a NdKavhla Ndú;hg .ekSug

flfkl= ;=< we;s jk wdYdjg iudk wdYdjla o ud ;=< we;'

uq,ska u ud jeisls<sh mdúÉÑhg .;af;a f.or ldgj;a fkd±fkk mßÈ h' u,a,s

fyda kx.S tys fkdf.dia fld< frdvq úisÍ ;rula zwmsßisÿZ ù ;sîu o ug myiqjla

úh' jeisls<sh m%fhdackhg .;a;;a c,h i|yd tÈk o uu we<mdrg .sfhñ' f.dia

fj,ahdfha Wv hg n,d" lsisfjl= fmfkkakg fkdisáfhka t;eku jdä jQfhñ'

flfia jqjo fuh ug u ;ks lr ;nd .ekSug ;rï znr jeäZ w;a±lSula úh' msg

hd¿jl=g th fkdlsh yels h' f.oßka jqj o lsj yelafla u,a,sg muKls' u,a,s ud

is;+ ;rï úYajdijka;fhla fkdù h'

“wïfï''''” hehs lg mqrjf.k Tyq l=iaish foig ÿjkakg iQodkï úh' uu w;ska

w,a,d Tyq k;r lf<ñ'

“´l Th ;rï w~fnr .ykak fohla fkfjhs' ±ka ljqrej;a le,E .dfk ßx.kafk

kE” hs uu lSñ'

109

wïudg fkd lSj;a Tyqg o th ;ksj /l .; yels ryila fkdù h' Tyq th kx.Sg

lshd ;sìK' kx.S th wlaldf.a lfka ;enqjd h'

“xyaæ thdg ú;rla fudl o@ uu;a fyg hkjd'” hs kx.S ;¾ckh o l<d h' “Wvy f.or

.=Kj;S, wmg yeuodu yskd fjkj" llal=iaishla yodf.k fmkqug ;shdf.k bkakj

lsh,'”

miqÈk Wfoa kx.S fjkodg;a l,ska f.hska fodrg neiaid h' j;=r mksÜgqjla mqrjd

.;a wE jeisls<shg je§ fodr jid .;a;d h' tÈk u u,a,s;a" Èklska follska

wlald;a wïud;a wE wkqlrKh l<y'

;j;a ld,hla ;siafia fmr isß; wkq.ukh lf<a ;d;a;d muKls' <uhska f,dl=

ù f.or fodf¾ úhoï jeã h;a u le,Ej l=vd jkakg úh' tA iu. u ks;r

m%fhdackhg .ekau ksid jeisls<sh o crdÔ¾K ù bka isyska ÿ.|la o yud ths' ±ka

wm th y÷kajkafka o jeisls<sh lshd fkd j llal=iaish hkqfjks' ±ka th ;d;a;dg

jqj o m%fhdack .ekSug wiSre fkdjk ia:dkhla ù we;' tfyhska Tyq tys hk

kuq;a mer‚ weíneyslïj, kIagdjfYaIhla yeáhg bka wk;=rej j;a; my< Èh

mdr fj; hhs'

wNHdi

01' jeisls<s Ndú;h ms<sn|j tod .ïuqka ;=< mej;s wdl,amh fln÷ ± hs fuu

flál;dj weiqfrka úuikak'

02' wmg jeisls<shla flál;dfjys isoaê yd wjia:d ksrEmKfha § l;=jrhd olajd

we;s olaI;dj ú.%y lrkak'

03' jeisls<s ieliSfï jHdmdrh uyck fi!LH mÍCIljrhd ch .;a; o th Ndú;

lsÍfï ch.%yKh ,nkafka l:lhd hs' zwmg jeisls<shlaZ flál;dj weiqfrka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

04' “wmg jeisls<shla flál;dj i|yd fhdod .;a NdIdj tys id¾:l;ajhg m%Odk

fya;=jls'” úuikak'

05' flál;dfõ pß;" tys wruqK idlaId;a jk wkaoug ksrEmKh lr we;s

wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

110

Èhuka;s ud,h14

.S o fudamix ^1850 - 1893&

.S o fudamix 1850 wf.daia;= ui 5 jk od m%xifha § Wm;

,eî h' úúO m%foaYj, mej;s idys;H iNdj,g iyNd.s

fjñka Tyq ish idys;H Ôú;h f.dvk.d .;af;a h'

miq ld,Skj Tyq f,dj flál;dlrejka w;r m%n,

ks¾udKlrejl= njg m;a úh'

Tyq úiska rpkd lrk ,o kjl;d 9la muK jk w;r

flál;d 300la muK rpkd fldg we;s nj lshefõ'

fï mdvfuys tk" fudamix ,shQ zÈhuka;s ud,hZ mdGl

úpdr iïNdjkdjg m;a jQ Wiia .Kfha flál;djls'

th isxy,hg mßj¾;kh fldg we;af;a fla' Ô'

lreKd;s,lhka úisks'

wE jQ l,S" ffojhg isÿ jk we;eï jer§ï ksid foda ,smslre mjq,aj, Wm; ,nk

tA iqkaor rEu;a ldka;djkaf.ka tlshla jQjd h' weh fjkqfjka fjka lrk ,o

odhdohla fkd ù h' tfuka u Okj;a" Wiia msßñhl= úiska ±k ye¢k .kq ,en"

wd,h lrkq ,en" újdy lr .kq ,eîfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla fyda yels lula o weh

fj; fkdjQfha h' tfyhska weh wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha iq¿ ,smslrejl=g ;ud újdy

lr §ug bv yeßhd h'

yev jev we;sj we£ug me,£ug yelslula fkd ;snqK fyhska wE pdï j wekaÞ h'

pdïj me,ekaod h; wfkla reÑ-wreÑlï o neßlu lrK fldg f.k ir, wkaoñka

mj;ajd .;a;d h' tfy;a weh is;ska Ôj;a jQfha ;udg ;rï fkd jk my;a újdyhlg

ueÈy;a jQ tlshl fuka wikaf;daIfhks' l=ula ksid o h; fyd;a( ia;%Skag l=,hla fyda

mka;shla fkdue;s neúks; ia;%Ska iïnkaOfhka l=,h yd mka;sh fjkqjg ls%hd

lrkafka Tjqka f.a rE imqj" ydjNdj ,S,d yd ,,s; ldka;d .;s .=K jk fyhsks'

Tjqka i;= iyc iqfldau,;ajh;a" bfjka fuka Tjqka ;=< my< jk is;a i;ka weo

.ekSfï iu;a m%sh ukdm Ndjh;a" w,a,dm i,a,dmfhys p;=r;dj;a Wiia nfõ tl u

,CIKh fjhs' t fuka u" tAjd ksid u uqvqlal=fõ jik ;re‚h;a b;d u Wiia

wd¾hdj;a hk fofokd u tl yd iudk ;;a;ajhlg m;a fj;s'

111

;ud bm§ we;af;a ish¨ u iem iïm;a yd iqL úyrK wdiajdokh lsÍug h hk

yeÕSu ksid wE ksrka;rfhka ÿla fõokdj,g Ndckh jQjd h' ksfjfia È<s÷

wirKlñka" tys ì;a;sj, ld,lKa‚ ÿla nr fmkqfuka" Èrd .sh mqgqj,ska yd

wj,iaik fodr cfk,a frÈj,ska n,j;a fia is;a ;ejq,g m;a wE ukia;dmfhkq;a

mYapd;a;dmfhkq;a ld,h .; l<d h' wehf.a iudc ;;a;ajfha isá wfkla ia;%shlg

lsis u wuq;= fYdalhla fyda wuq;= fodïkila we;s fkdjk fï ish¨ u foaj,ska

wE lkiai,a,g;a lk.dgqjg;a m;a jQjd h' wehf.a l=vd ksfjfia jevm< lr §ug

meñ‚ fufyldr ±ßh ±lSfuka wef.a is; fodïkia iy.; lgql is;sú,s rdYshlska

msÍ b;sß .sfha h' fmr È. uyd¾> ;srfrÈj,ska w,xldr lrk ,o" Wia f,dalv

myka relaj,ska tAldf,dal lrk ,o" .sks Wÿfka iqj myia okjk WKqiqu lrK

fldg f.k úYd, w;a mqgqj, je;sr ks¢nrj isák" irejd, we| .;a ±jeka;

fiajlhka fofokl=;a úiska wdjf;aj lrkq ,nk" ksy~ ksYaYío wka;¾ .¾Nd.dr

ms<sn| isysk wE is;ska ujd .;a;d h; wk¾> fl!;=l jia;+kaf.ka msreKd jQ iQlaIau

l¾udka;hkaf.ka fyì .Dy NdKavj,ska o t,a,k ,o mqrdK fiao ;sr frÈj,ska

úÑ;% jQ w;súYd, Yd,d o iEu .eyekshl u B¾IHd mrjY jQ;a m%d¾:kSh jQ;a is;ska

wY%h lsÍug wdYdfjka isák Ñr m%isoaO ñksiqkaf.ka ieÿKq b;d úYajdiS ñ;=rka

iaj,am fokl=kaf.a m%sh iud.uh i|yd u fjka lrk ,o iq.kaOj;a iqkaor wd.dr o

is;ska ujd .;a wE tAjd ms<sn| l,amkdfjka ufkdaf,dalhl Ôj;a jQjd h'

Èk ;=kla mrK jQ fïi we;sß,a,la t<k ,o rjqï fïihg rd;%S wdydr iòyd jdä

jQ weh" ;ud bÈßfhka ys| .;a ieñhd iqma n÷fkys jeyqï wßñka uy;a m%fndaOhlska"

“wd" yß fIdala iqma tlla fk! fuÉpr ri we;s fjk lsis u wdydrhla kE!” hs m%S;s rdjhla keÕ+ úg" l,amkd l<d ì;a;sj, t,a,k ,o fm!rd‚l ukqIH

j¾.hkaf.ka yd foõ ,shkaf.ka ieÿK jk frdol mshd yUk woaN+; mlaISkaf.a

rEm igykaj,ska msreKq j¾Kj;a ;srfrÈ .ek h; ldka;sfhka le¨ï úys¥ ß§uqjd

n÷ka .ek h; m%Œ; wdydr mdk .ek h; wdYap¾hj;a ;eáj, nyk ,o ri uijq¿

.ek h; fg%!Ü u;aiHhkaf.a <d r;a meye;s ui fyda jgq l=re,a,kaf.a w;a ye¢

wkqNj lrk .uka u f;areï .ekSug kqmq¿jka u|yila uqjf.ys r|jd f.k ryia

fl¢ßj,ska lshkq ,nk ,,fkdampdß ix,dmhkag weyqï lka fok wkaou .ek h'

wehg we÷ï me,÷ï fyda uq;= ue‚la fyda lsisjla fkd;snqfKa h' tfy;a weh wdYd

lf<a o tAjdg u h' ;ud bm§ we;af;a tAjd i|yd u he hs is;+ wE" wkHhka jYS lr

.ekSug;a" wkHhka úiska m%d¾:kd lrkq ,eîug;a" fnfyúka u m%shxlr ùfuka

wkHhkaf.a uk kqjka fmdf,dUjd .ekSug;a we;a kï fl;rï fyd| ± hs l,amkd

l<d h'

wehg ;ud yd tlg bf.k .;a ñ;=ßhla isáhd h' ñ;=ßh ne,Sug f.dia fmr<d wd

iEu úfgl u wE n,j;a Ñ;a; ika;dmhlg yd ÿla fõokdjlg Ndck

jQjd h' ñ;=ßh yuq ù wdmiq tk weh" Èk .Kkdjla u ÿlg yd fodïkig o

ixfõ.hg yd ika;dmhg o f.dÿrlaj y~d je,mSu isß;la jQfha h; t fyhska wE

;j;a ñ;=ßh ne,Sug fkd hEug is;d .;a;d h'

112

tla;rd ikaOHdjl § f,dl= ,shqï ljrhla w;ska .;a wef.a ieñhd uy;a

ikaf;daIhlska ksfjig meñ‚fha h'

“Tkak Thdg nvqjla ;sfhkjd"” hs Tyq lS h'

jyd u ljrh brd ,shqu újD; l< wE" t;=<ska uqøs; ldâ m;la t<shg .;a;d h' tys

fu fia uqøKh lr ;sìK:

“wOHdmk wud;Hjrhd iy rïfmd[af[da ue;sksh" f,dhsi,a uy;df.a yd tu

ue;skshf.a m%sh iud.uh" ckjdß ui 18 jeks Èk iji wud;HdxY ukaÈrfha § uy;a

yrißka wfmalaId lr;s'”

fuu ldâ m; lshjd neÆ wE" ieñhd n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ wkaoñka m%fudaohg m;a jkq

fjkqjg wj{dfjka th fïih u;g úis lr ±uqjd h'

“´flka ug fudlla lrkafkhs lsh,d o lshkafka@”

“wehs wfka" uu ys;=jd Thd ´lg i;=gq fjhs lsh,d; Thd ljod j;a .ukla ìukla

hkafk kE fka; b;ska tAlg;a tlal fïl fyd| wjia:djla' ´l ux .;af;a fld

;rï jfoka fmdfrka o; fyd|g f;dar,d fír,d hs ´jd fokafka; ,smslrejkag

,efnkafka fndfydu ál hs; o<ldrfhda Tlafldu ál tfya È Thdg n,d .kak

mq¿jka fõú'”

fldamfhka Tyq foi ne,aula fy¿E wE fkd bjis,a,g m;a jQjd h'

“b;ska fudlla o ug ;sfhkafk wefÕa od f.k hkak Ths jf.a ;eklg@”

fï .ek Tyq l,amkd lr ;snqfKa ke;; Tyq f.d; .eiqfõ h'

“wehs" àg¾ n,kak hk fldg we| f.k hk tl@ ug kï tAl yß fyd|hs'”

fuúg Nd¾hdj y~kakg mgka .kq ±lSfuka wkao ukaoj úlaIsma;hg m;a jqKq Tyq

lSug lgg .;a foh;a k;r lr .;af;a h' wef.a fk;a fldkaj,ska úYd, l÷¿ ì÷

folla u;= ù uqj fofldkg rErd niskakg ù h'

“fudl o fï Thdg fj,d ;sfhkafka@ fudl o fï fj,d ;sfhkafka@” hs Tyq

melsf<ñka weiqfõ h'

fuys § n,j;a jEhulska ;u fYdalh ue~ .;a wE" f;;a fldmq,a ;, msi ouñka

ikaiqka ú,dihlska ms<s;=re ÿkakd h'

113

“kE" fudl=;a kE. ug w¢kak w÷ula kE' tAl yskaod Th mdáhg hkak nE' ug jvd

fyd|g we÷ï me,÷ï ;sfhk Nd¾hdjla bkak hd¿fjl=g ´l fokak'”

n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka ù hEfuka Tyq n,j;a fia fodïkhg m;a jQfha h'

“fï n,kak ueá,avd"” hs Tyq WfoHda.fhka mejiqfõ h' “iEfyk we÷ulg lShla

ú;r hdú o@ fjk .uklg ìuklg;a we| f.k hkak mq¿jka úÈfh tllg"

fndfydu pdï mfya'”

wE" wrmsßueiafuka hq;= ,smslrejdf.ka tflfKys u m%;slafIam lsÍula fyda

úiauhdl+, rdjhla fyda fkd ,eîug kï lsj hq;af;a fl;rï uqo,a m%udKhla o

hkak is;ska .Kka n,ñka ;;amr lSmhla fï .ek l,amkd lr ne¨jd h' wjidkfha

§ wE u|la melsf<ñka fufia lSjd h:

“yßhg u ug lshkak nE" tA jqK;a ux ys;kjd ma/kal= ydr iShlska ú;r msß uy

.kak mq¿jka fõ ú lsh,d'”

fuh weiSfuka ,smslrejd u|la iqÿue<s ù .sfha h' l=ula ksid o h;aa; bre Èkj, §

;u ñ;=rka iuÕ jgqjka fjä ;eîu i|yd kdkaf;a¾ ;ekakg B<Õ .%SIau R;=fõ

isg hk woyiska ;=jlal=jla ñ, § .ekSug Tyq b;sß lr f.k ;snQ uqo,a m%udKh o

yßhg u tA .Kk u jQ fyhsks'

t fia jqj o Tyq" “fyd| hs" ux Thdg fokakï ma/kal= ydr iShla; ,iaik u we÷ula

.kak W;aidy lr ,d n,kak"” hs lS h'

W;aij Èkh <Õd jkakg ù h' tfy;a f,dhsi,a uy;añh ÿflka yd fÞïkiska

isákq olakg ,eìK' flfia jqj o" wef.a we÷u kï iQodkï j ;snqfKa h' tla;rd

ikaOHdjl § wef.a ieñhd wehg l:d lf<a h' “fudl o ±ka Thdg fj,d ;sfhkafka@

±ka ojia ;=kl fjf,a b|ka Thd álla wuq;= úÈhlg hs bkafka@”

“lfka lf¾ od .kak fudl=;a u ke;slu .ek hs ux fï ojia áfla u l,amkd

lr lr ysáfh. fïl uf.a ys;g f,dl= wudrejla. w¢kak wdnrKhla" ue‚la

.,la lsh,d fudl=;a u fohla we;af;a kE"” hs wE ms<s;=re ÿkakd h' “ux kslï u

kslï fudl=;a u ke;s tlshla jf. fmfkaú. mdáhg fkd hkjd kï jeäh fyd|

hs lsh,;a ug ysf;kjd'”

“u,a álla .y .kakfld"” hs wef.a ieñhd mejiS h' “wjqreoafoa fï ldf, È u,a

we£u ;uhs w¨;a u mkafka; ma/kal= oyhla ÿkaku fyd| ,iaik frdai u,a fol

;=kla .kak mq¿jka fõú'”tfy;a fï lshqu wE fkd ms<s.;a;d h'

114

“kE'''' fmdfydi;a .Ekq ueoafoa ÿmam;a úÈhg bkak tl ;rï ,eÊcd ke;s jevla

kE'”

“Thd fldÉpr fudav o!” hs fuys § wef.a ieñhd tla jr u rdjhla keÕ=fõ h'

“.syska yïn fjkakfld Thdf. hd¿jdj: f*dfriaáh¾ fkdakdj' yïn fj,d"

miafi .syska fok lx b,a, .kakfld lkg lrg od .kak fudlj;a. tfyu tlla

lr .kak ;rug hd¿lula ;sfhkjd fkao@”

fuh weiQ wE m%S;s rdjhla msg l<d h'

“we;a; fkakakxæ ug tfyu tlla .ek l,amkdjla jqfKa u kE fk'”

Bg miq Èk ;u ñ;=ßh ne,Sug .sh wE ;udg uqyqK mdkakg ù we;s ÿIalr;dj .ek

wehg lSjd h'

f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh lKaKdä fïifhka úYd, iaj¾KdNrK fmÜáhla t<shg

f.k f,dhsi,a uy;añh fj; th f.k wdjd h. wk;=rej th újD; l< wE"

“fïjdhska Thdg ´k tlla f;dard .kak"” hs lSjd h'

fuys § uq,ska u f,dhsi,a uy;añhf.a wei .eiqfKa j<¨ j.hlg h; wk;=re j uq;=

ud,hla o Bg;a miq j rkska yd rejkska ksujk ,oaod jQ;a úYsIag leghñka w,xldr

jQ;a fjkSishdkq l=reihla o wE ÿgqjd h' fï r;akdNrK tlska tl f.k me,| .;a

f,dhsi,a uy;añh tAjdfhka ,efnk w,xldrh i,ld .kq i|yd legm; bÈßfha

isg .;a;d h. blaì;sj tAjd <syd ;eîug is; idod .; fkd yels jQ wE" melsf<ñka

jßka jr" “fjk wdNrK fyau uql=;a keoao wfka@” hs ñ;=ßhf.ka m%Yak l<d h'

“wehs fï ;j ;sfhkafka" fyd|g n,kakfld wfka. Thd f. ys;g fïjhska fudlla

w,a,hs o lsh,d kï ug lshkak nE'”

fuys § yÈiaisfhka u f,dhsi,a uy;añh" l¿ ieáka fmÜáhl nyk ,o b;d úÑ;%

Èhuka;s ud,hla ÿgqjd h. th ÿgq flfKys u wef.a yoj; ,Êcd úrys; wdYdjlska

fõ.fhka iamkaokh jkakg jQfha h. th .ks;a u wehf.a w; fjjq,S h. Wia

lrlska hq;= jQ ;u we÷ug Wäka f., jgd th ne| .;a wE legm; bÈßhg f.dia

;u o¾Ykfhka f;dfuda u jYSlD;j m%y¾Ifhka ál fõ,djla n,d .;a jk u

n,d f.k isáhd h'

blaì;s j wE fõokd;aul iajrhlska"

“fïl ug Khg fokak mq¿jka o@ fïl ú;r u hs ux b,a,kafka"” hs weiqjd h'

“´l;a jevla he wfkaæ wrx hkakfld b;ska'”

115

fkd bjish yels m%S;shlska yd m%fudaohlska ;u ñ;=ßh ism je,| .;a wE" wk;=rej

tu uyd¾> jia;=j o /f.k ksfjiska msg;aj .shd h'

W;aij Èkh t<ôfha h' t Èk W;aijhg iyNd.s jqKq f,dhsi,a uy;añh W;al¾Ij;a

wkaoñka fmkS isáhd h' W;aijhg meñK isá wka ish¨ u ldka;djkag jvd

rEu;a jQ;a ydjNdjfhka msreKd jQ;a ,d,s;Hj;a jQ;a wehf.a uqjf.ys bjiqï fkd

ÿka ikaf;daIhlska /÷Kq u|yila ù h' iEu msßñfhla u o,ajd .;a fofk;ska

wehg ne¨ï fy¿fõ h; weh f.a ku l=ula ± hs úuiqfõ h' iEu fofkla u wehg

y÷kajd fokq ,eîug wdYd lf<da h' leìkÜgqfõ iEu ks,Odßhl= ;=< u weh iuÕ

fjd,aÜia N%uK kegqul fh§fï wdYdjla my< úh' wud;Hjrhdf.a ne,aug o wE

yiq jQjd h'

fufia iEu fokl= ;=< u wkqrd.hla ±kjQ wE n,j;a m%S;shlska yd fidïkilska

Woaodu j kegqjd h. ldka;d yoj;g t;rï ri nr jk mQ¾K úch.%dyS yeÕ=ñka

hq;= jQ wE" ne¨jkaf.a yoj;a ;=< ±,ajQ ,d,idjka o iEu w;lska u ;ud lrd

.,d wd wdYap¾hj;a wdya,dohka yd nyqudkhka o lrK fldg f.k my< jQ

w;suy;a ikaf;daIhlska ±jà .shd" ;u id¾:l;ajh;a rEm fi!kao¾hh;a ms<sn|

wNsudkfhka wka lsisjla .ek l,amkdjla fkdue;s j wdkkao m%jdyhl .sf,ñka

y¾fIdakaudofhka kegqjd h'

weh wdmiq .sfha w¨hu y;rg muK h' ueÈhï /fha isg wef.a ieñhd" ;u

ìßhkag ikaf;daIfhka ld,h .; lsÍug bv y< ;ud yd iudk jQ ;j;a ieñhka

;sfokl=ka iuÕ ysia md¿ ldurhl kskafoka miq jQfha h'

wdmiq hEug ierfi;a § Tyq f.kjq;a ;snQ í,ekaflaÜgqj wehf.a lr jgd oud

fmrù h' idudkH ckhdf.a È<s÷ fmdfrdakhla jQ th;a kegqï W;aijhg we| isá

idvïnr we÷u;a w;r jQ fjki lemS fmksK' fï .ek wehg o yeÕS .sh fyhska

w.kd f,dï lndj, ±jfgñka isá wfkla ldka;djkaf.a weig yiq fkdjkq i|yd

t;ekska yels blaukska m,d hdug wE W;aidy l<d h' tfy;a f,dhsi,a uy;d weh

k;r lr .;af;a h'

“álla bkak" ueá,avd" t<shg neiafid;a fyïìßiaidjla tfyu yefokak mq¿jks. ux .sys,a,d leí tlla wrka tk lx álla bkak'”

tfy;a Tyqg lka kqÿka wE" jy jyd ;rmamq fm<ska my<g neiaid h' tfia nei

ùÓhg ng Tjqkag l=,S ßhla fidhd .ekSug fkd yels ù h' t fyhska Tjqyq wE;

.uka .;a l=,S ßheÿrkag y~ .iñka" l=,S ßhla fidhñka bÈßhg hkakg jQ y'

iS;f,ka fjjq,ñka lkiai¨ iy.; is;ska" Tjqyq fiaka kÈh foig .uka

lf<da h' wjidkfha § fiaka k§ nv" nvq f.dv ndk fõÈldfõ § rd;%sfha tyd fuyd

116

hk tkakd jQ o ;u ld,lKa‚ ÿlanr ;;a;ajh Èjd ld,fha § fmkaùug ,Êcdfjka

fuka meßia k.rh wjg flÈkl j;a oyj,a l, § olskakg fkd ,efnkakd jQ o

tA mer‚ mkakfha r:j,ska tlla Tjqkag olskakg ,eìK'

fuu l=,S r:fhka foa ud;¾ ùÓhg meñ‚ Tjqyq fYdaldl=, j ;ukaf.a ksfjig md

keÕ+ y'

wehg kï ±ka ish,a, u wjidk h. tfy;a Tyq l,amkd lf<a h<s;a Wfoa oyhg ;ud

ld¾hd,fha fmkS isáh hq;= ùu .ek h'

ksfjfia § kej; jrla ;u rEm fi!kao¾hh wdiajdokh lsÍfï wáfhka legm;

bÈßhg .sh wE" ;u fmdfrdakh bj;a l<d h' tflfKys u wE uy y~la keÕ=jd h'

weh f.f,ys ne| f.k isá ud,h tys olakg fkd ;sì‚'

“wehs fudl o fï@” hs fï jk úg wvla ÿrg we÷ï udre lr isá wef.a ieñhd

m%Yak lf<a h'

lsj fkdyels ;rï fõokdjlska mSä; jQ wE Tyq foig yereKd h'

“f*dfriaáh¾ fkdakdf.a udf, - udf, ke;s fj,d'”

folka weoysh fkdyels jQ Tyq ;s.eiaiqfKa h'

“fudlla@ fudlla - tAl fjkak nE'”

blaì;sj Tjqyq wef.a fmdfrdakfha /<s w;r;a we÷fï /<s w;r;a idlal=j,;a ne,sh

yels wfkla iEu ;ekl;a ud,h jeà we;a± hs mÍlaId lr neÆ y' tfy;a Tjqkag

th fidhd .ekSug fkdyels jQfha h'

“mdáh bjr fj,d wdmyq tk fldg udf, ;snqKhs lsh,d Thdg u;l o@” hs Tyq

weiqfõ h'

“Tõ" weu;s ue÷fr Yd,dfõ § ux tAl w; .d,;a ne¨jd'”

“tA jQKdg mdfrÈ ke;s jqKd kï tAl jefgk ioafo wmsg wefykak ´k fk' ux

ys;kafk leí tfla § fjkak we;s jegqK kï jefgkak we;af;'”

“ud;a ys;kjd¦ leí tfla fkdïurh Thd ,shd .;a;d o@”

“kE" Thd ,shd .;a;d o@”“kE'”

Tjqyq N%dka;j Tjqfkdjqkaf.a uqyqKq n,d .;ay' wjidkfha § f,dhsi,a h<s;a jrla

we÷ï ,d .;af;a h'

117

“wms wdmq mdr Èf.a wdmyq mhska u ux hkakï"” hs Tyq lS h' “mhska u .sys,a,d fydhd

.kak mq¿jka o lsh,d n,kakï"”

fufia lshQ Tyq f.hska t<shg nei hkakg .sfha h' isÿ jQ fohska wka;hg u ueé

.sh f,dhsi,a uy;añh isys l,amkdfjka f;dr j we|g hEug o Yla;shla fkdue;sj

kegqï W;aijhg we| f.k .sh we÷u msáka u mqgqjlg ù .=<s .eiS n,d f.k

isáhd h'

Wfoa y;g muK wef.a ieñhd fmr<d ksfjig meñ‚fha h¦ Tyqg ud,h iïn ù

fkd ;sìK'

Tyq fmd,sia i:dkhg;a m%jD;a;s m;% ld¾hd,j,g;a l=,S r: iud.ïj,g;a f.dia

fï .ek ±kqï ÿkafka h¦ ud,h fidhd fokakl=g ;E.a.la §ug o Tyq bÈßm;a

jQfha h' w,am ud;% jQ fyda n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ;eìh yels hï ;ekla ù kï tA iEu

;eklg u Tyq f.dia fidhd ne¨fõ h'

tA uq¿ Èkh u wE fï ìhlre úm;ska lïmdjg m;a j wdl=, jHdl=,j .sh ukiska

ld,h .; l<d h'

f,dhsi,a iqÿue<s j" we§ .sh uqyq‚ka rd;%sfha ksfjig meñ‚fha h'

“±ka b;ska ;sfhkafk" hd¿jdg ,shqula odkak"” hs Tyq lS h' “udf, .dxpqj levqK

yskaod tAl yokak ÿkakhs lsh,d ,sh,d wßkak' t;fldg wmsg fïl .ek ;j;a

fidh,d n,kak l,a ,efíú'”

Tyq lS mßÈ wE ,shuk ,shqjd h'

iqudkhla .; fj;a u Tjqkaf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;= ish,a, u iqka ù .sfha h'

tu iqudkfha § wjqreÿ mylska jhig f.dia isá f,dhsi,a uy;d" “±ka b;ska ke;s

jqKq udf, fjkqjg fjkska ud,hla wms wrka fokak n,kak fk"” hs mejiqfõ h'

B<Õ Èkfhys Tjqyq ud, fmÜáh o /f.k tys ku i|ykaj ;snQ iaj¾KdNrK

fjf<kaod fidhd f.k .sfhda h' l=ú;dkais fmd;a fmr<d neÆ fjf<kaod" —fï

udf, úl=K,d ;sfhkafk uu fkfjhs fkdakd' uu ud, fmÜáh ú;rla iuyr

fj,djg úl=Kkak we;s"” hs lSfõ h'

blaì;sj Tjqyq miq;eú,af,ka yd fõokdfjka mSä;j ;u ;ukaf.a u;lfha

ieáhg wr ke;s jQ ud,hg iudk ud,hla fidhñka fjf<kaol= fjf<kaol= mdid

hEug mgka .;af;da h'

118

fufia tn÷ ud,hla fidhñka weúoaod jQ Tjqkag mef,a frdah,a ùÓfha msysá lsis hï

idmamqjl § ;uka fidhk ud,hg iEu w;lska u jdf.a iudk jQ ud,hla yuq jQfha h'

tys jákdlu ma/kal= y;,sia odyla ù h' ;sia yh odylg th Tjqkag úlsŒug

fjf<kaod leu;s jQfha h'

Èk ;=kla hk ;=re th fkd úl=Kd ;nd .kakd f,ig;a fmnrjdß udih wjidk

ùug m<uq ke;s jQ ud,h iïn jqK fyd;a fï ud,h ma/kal= ;sia y;r odylg

wdmiq .kakd f,ig;a Tjqyq weúá,s lr" fjf<kaodf.ka leue;a; ,nd .;af;da h'

f,dhsi,a fj; mshdf.ka ,enqK ma/kal= oy wg odyla ù h. b;sß uqo, Khg .;

hq;= jQfha h'

ienúka u Tyq th Khg .;af;a h' tla whf.ka ma/kal= odyla o ;j;a whl=f.ka

ma/kal= mka odyla o ;j;a fo ;eklska ¨ù myla yd ;=kla o Tyq Khg .;af;a h'

fï i|yd fm%dñiß fkdÜgqj,g w;aika ;enQ Tyq úkdYldÍ .súiqïj,g ueÈy;a ù h; wêl f,i fmd,S wh lrkakka yd uqo,a Khg fokakka iuÕ ne÷ïj,g t<UqfKa h'

Tyq ;udf.a uq¿ wkd.;h u Wlia lf<a h; f.ùug yels fõ o yels fkd fõ o

hkak fkd ±k u Kh ms<sn| ,shlshú,sj,g w;aika ;enqfõ h' fufia wkd.;fha §

ú£ug isÿ jk ÿla mSvdjka yd lïlfgd¨ o oreKq w.ysÕlï yd wdmodjka o YdÍßl

jQ;a udkisl jQ;a wdm;a;Ska yd úm;a;Ska o .ek ìfhka we,f<ñka u Tyq ma/kal=

;sia yh oyi f.k f.dia w¨;a ud,h ñ, § .ekSug fjf<kaod f.a fïih u;

;eî h'

f,dhsi,a uy;añh ud,h /f.k" fmr<d f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh lrd .sh úg weh

fkdreiakd ú,dihlska fufia lSjd h:

“óg l,ska fkao fïl f.k;a fokak ;sjqfK@ ug;a ´l ´k flrejd kï tfyu@”

f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh" ;u ñ;=ßh ìfhka is;d f.k isá mßÈ ud, fmÜáh újD;

lr fkd ne¨jd h' tys ;snqfKa fjk ud,hla nj ±k .;a;d kï weh l=ula is;kq

we;a o@ ;ud fyrlehs is;d fkd .kakS o@

t;eka isg w.-ysÕlïj,ska ñßl=Kq Ôú;hl ìhlrelu f,dhsi,a uy;añhg

±fkkakg ù h' uq, isg u wE ;ud i;= fldgi ks¾NS;j ùrj;aj bgq l<d h' fï

Nhxlr Kh;=reia ish,a, u f.jd wjika l< hq;= jQfha h' weh ish,a, u ú| ord

.kq we;' fiaúldj wia lr oukq ,enQ w;r" ksfji o fjkia lrk ,oafoa h' Tjqyq

Wvq uy,l mshis fldklg kqÿre l=vd ldurhl jdihg meñ‚hy'

f.or fodrl mj;akd nr jev lghq;= .ek o uq¿;ekaf.hl mSvdldÍ fjfyilr

jev m< .ek o weh ;=< wjfndaOhla we;s jQfha h' wE f;,a iys; ye<s j<ka o

119

fjk;a ueá n÷ka o msÕka fldamam yd §is mSßis o ;u frdai meye;s ksh f.ù hk

;=re fiaÿjd h' ls,sá frÈ fmrÈ o lñi yd fjk;a we÷ï me,÷ï o fia¥ wE" tAjd

je,l jekqjd h¦ iEu Wohl u li< l+vh my< ùÓhg f.k f.dia oeuQ wE" ùÒfha

isg Èh n÷ka ksfjig Wiaid f.k tk w;r uÕ § ;rmamq fmf<a iEu ;,hl § u

k;r ù y;s weßhd h' È<s÷ ÿmam;a .eyekshl fuka we÷ï me,÷ï l< wE wf;a t,a,d

.;a u,a,la we;sj m,;=re l=¿nvq uia wdÈh úl=Kk fjf<kaoka fj; f.dia iEu

;Uhla u b;sß lr .ekSfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka Tjqka iuÕ flafj,a lrñka iKavq

onr lrñka kskaod wmydi úkaÞ h'

iEu udihl § u iuyr fkdaÜgq f.úh hq;= jQ w;r" iuyr fkdaÜgq w¨;a lr .;

hq;= ù h¦ fu fia fu mßoafoka ld,h .; ù .sfha h'

wef.a ieñhd ijia ld,fha § lsis hï fjf<kaol=f.a .sKqï jd¾;d ilia lsÍfuys

fhÿfKa h¦ fndfyda úg rd;s% ld,h Tyq .; flf<a mekai nd.hlg msgqj .Kfk

msgm;a lsÍfuys fh§fuks'

fuu Ôú;h wjqreÿ oyhla mej;=fKa h'

wjqreÿ oyh wjidkfha § Kh ;==reia ish,a, u wêl fmd,S .kakkaf.a uqo,a o je,a

fmd,sfhka tl msg tl tl;= jQ uqo,a o wdÈ jYfhka Kh ;=reia ish,a, u Tjqyq

f.jd ksoyia lr ±uQ y'

fï jk úg f,dhsi,a uy;añh uy¨ fmkqulska hq;=j isáhd h¦ wE È<s÷ f.j,

jik wfkla ia;S%ka fuka yeä±ä" Yla;su;a" f.dfrdaiq" oro~q ia;s%hl njg m;aj

isáhd h' wjq,aj .sh ls,sá fliska o úisÍ .sh wúkS; we÷ï me,÷ñka o r;=j r¿ jQ

oE;aj,ska o hq;= jQ wE" uy yçka lE.iñka l:d l<d h¦ Èh myrj,a fõ.fhka tA

fï w; .iñka ìu fiaÿjd h¦ tfy;a we;eï úfgl ieñhd ld¾hd,hg f.dia isák

wjia:dj, § cfka,h wi,ska jdä jk wE" È.= lf,lg fmr .; l< tA iqkaor

ikaOHdj .ek;a" ;ud tA ;rï rEu;aj ±l=ïl¨j ikaf;daIfhka .; l< tA W;aijh

.ek;a l,amkd lrñka ld,h .; l<d h'

tu ud,h weh w;ska ke;s fkdjQfha kï l=ula isÿ úh yelsj ;snqfKa o@ ljqre th

oks;a o@ ljqre okska o@ Ôú;h fl;rï woaN+; ckl o@ fl;rï fmrf<kiq¨ o@

wmf.a úkdYhg fyda .e,ùug jqjukd lrkafka fl;rï iq¿" fl;rï w,am ud;%

fohla o@

tla bre Èfkl" i;sfha jevj,ska úfõlhla ,nkq iòyd Idx fi,sfiays weú§ug

.sh f,dhsi,a uy;añhg" l=vd orejl= w;ska w,a,d f.k .uka lrñka isá ia;%shla

yÈisfha u olskakg ,enqKd h' tA f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh jQjd h' wE tl, ;reK

úfha isá wkaoñka u" fhdjqka núka hq;=j rEu;aj iqkaorj isáhd h'

120

f,dhsi,a uy;añh wdfõ.hkaf.ka le,ö .shd h' wehg l:d l< hq;= o@ Tõ"

i;a;lska u l:d l< hq;= h'

±ka ish,a, u f.jd wjika lr we;s fyhska ish,a, u wehg fy<s l< hq;= h' tfia

fkd l< hq;af;a ukao@

blaì;sj f,dhsi,a uy;añh weh fj;g .shd h'

“iqN WoEikla fõjd" Ôkaæ”

weh y÷kd .ekSug f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añhg fkd yels jQ fyhska" ÿmam;a È<s÷ ia;s%hl

;udg fufia okakd y÷kk kshdfhka wduka;%Kh lsÍu .ek wE mqÿuhg m;a jQjd h'

“ug fï tlaflkdj w÷kkak nE"” hs wE f.d;.iñka mejiQjd h' “fudlla yß

jer§ula fj,d fjkak we;s'”

“kE' jer§ula fj,d kE' uu ueá,avd f,dhsi,a'”

fuh wi;a u wef.a ñ;=ßh úiauhdl=, rdjhla msg l<d h'

“wfka" uf.a wirK ueá,avd''' Thd fldÉpr fjkia fj,d o'''@”

“Tõ" tod Thdj yïnq fj,d l:d nia lr,d .sh ojfi b|ka wo jk ;=re uu úkao

lror ysßyer wkka; hs''' wm%udK hs''' b;ska tA Tlafldau ux úkafo Thd yskaod'''”

“fudkjd''''@ ux yskaod''''@ tA fldfydu o''''@”

“tod wud;HdxYfha mdáhg ug we| f.k hkak Thd §mq Èhuka;s ud,h Thdg u;l

o@”

“Tõ" u;l hs'”“tAl uf.ka ke;s jqKd''''”

“tA fldfydu o''''@ ug tAl Thd wdmyq f.keú;a ÿkakd fk'”

“kE" ux tAl wdmiq f.keú;a ÿkafk kE' ux wdmiq f.keú;a ÿkafk tA udf, jf.a

u fjkska ud,hla' b;ska myq jqKq wjqreÿ oyh ;siafia u wms tAlg Kh f.jqjd'

Thdg f;afrkjd we;s fka" fudlj;a u ke;s wmsg tÉpr i,a,shla f.jk tl f,ais

jevla fjkak neß ú;a;sh''' fldfydu yß wms tA Kh ál f.j,d bjr flrejd¦ tAl

uf.a ys;g f,dl= i;=gla'˜

f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh k;r ù n,d .;a .uka isáhd h'

121

“Thd lshkafk uf.a Èhuka;s udf, fjkqjg Thd fjkska Èhuka;s ud,hla ug

f.k;a ÿkakhs lsh,d o@”

“Tõ" Thdg tAl f;arefK kE fka o@ wdhs wer,d kE" fol u tl jf.a u hs'”

fu fia lshQ wE" wdvïnrh;a wysxil ikaf;daIh;a .eí jqKq u|yila mEjd h'

n,j;a fia lïmdjg m;a f*dfriaáh¾ uy;añh wehf.a oE; w,a,d .;a;d h'

“wfka" uf.a wirK ueá,avd! uf.a tA udf, fndre Èhuka;s ud,hlaæ fyd|g u jeä

jqfKd;a tAl jàú ma/kal= mkaiShla''''æ”

wNHdi

01' Èhuka;s ud,h ke;s ùug fmr isysk f,dalhl Ôj;a jQ ueá,avd miq j ienE

f,dalfha lghq;= l< wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' Èhuka;s ud,h flál;dfõ “ueá,avdf.a ieñhd jk f,dhsi,a hym;a

ieñfhls'” Tfí woyia olajkak'

03' fuu flál;dfjys w;a±lSu m%ldY lsÍu i|yd wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh lr

we;s wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak'

04' l;=jrhd flál;dfõ pß; icSù f,i ksrEmKh lr we;s wdldrh idlÉPd

lrkak'

122

oEf;a lr.eg isU ikikakg''' 15

uy.u fialr ^1929 - 1976&

ishkE fldar<fha lsß¢je, k.rhg wdikak rodjdk

.ï mshfiys § uy.u fialr uy;d Wmkafka h'

.eñ mßirhl ye§ jefvñka Ôjk ;lai,dfjka

fkdu| w;a±lSï ,;a fyf;u miq lf,l ish ks¾udK

Ôú;hg tu w;a±lSï msájy,la lr .;af;a h'

.=rejrfhl= f,i ish jD;a;Sh Èúh wdrïN l<

fialr" .=re úµd, lÓldpd¾hjrhl=" .=jkaúÿ,s

Ys,amshl= fuka u mqj;am;a l,dfõÈfhla o jQfha h'

ldjH" .S;" kdgH" kjl;d" flál;d" iskudj"

Ñ;% l,dj yd mqj;am;a l,dj hk úúO idys;Hdx.

u.ska Tyq ks¾udKlrKfhys ,d ;u iu;alï m%lg lf<a h' flfia fj;;a fialr

jvd;a risl úpdrl wjOdkh Èkd .;af;a ldjH ks¾udKlrKfhks' fkdñfhñ"

ilajd,sysKs" m%nqoaO Tyq ,shq ldjH lD;s lsysmhls' Tyqf.a kdgH rpkd .S; kdgl yd

^.µuh iajrEmfhka flfrk ixjdo rys;" yqfola .dhkfhka u Ndj iQpkh

flfrk kdgl& .S;dx. kdgl" ^.S;fhka u l;d úldYkh isÿ fkd jk" .µ

ixjdo o we;=<;a .S;h Ndj iQpkfha wx.hla muKla f,i Ndú; lrk kdgl&

hk fofldgig fjka lr ±laúh yels h' l=Kav,flaYS" ioaoka;" yxi .S;h Tyq

l< kdgH lsysmhls'

;=xuxyxÈh yd ufkdaukaÈr Tyq ,shQ kjl;d jk w;r" miq j ;=xuxyxÈh Tyq w;ska u

iskud lD;shla njg o m;a úh' fialr w;ska m%nkaê; .S; b;d ckm%sh úh' ‘r;ak§m

ckau N+ñ’" ‘wefia u;= jk l÷`M ì÷ f.k’" ‘md¿ w÷re ks,a wyi uuhs’ jeks .S;

bka iuyrls' ‘wkak n,ka i|’" ‘wE; l÷lr ysuõ wrfKa’ Tyq ,shQ ckms%h kdgH

.S; lSmhls'

uy.u fialrhkaf.a ldjH yd .S mo rpkdjkays ck .S iïm%odh yd iïNdjH idys;Hh

uekúka iïñY%Kh ù ;sìKs' tajd iefulla u w¾: yd Ndj mQ¾K ks¾udK h'

idïm%odhsl fy< l,dj we;=`M ixialD;sl ,laIK wúfhdackSh j Tyqf.a ks¾udK yd

ne£ mej;=Ks'

fialrhka ,shQ m%nqoaO we;=¿ lD;s .Kkdjla u m%ldYhg m;a jkafka Tyq ñh hEfuka

wk;=rej h' isxy, .µ mµ ks¾udKhkays ßoau ,laIK kï jQ m¾fhaIK .%ka:h

o tjekakls' fuu ksnkaOh i|yd uy.u fialr uy;dg wdpd¾h Wmdêh

123

msßkeñKs' ñh.sh whl= m¾fhaIKh ksnkaOhla i|yd YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,fha wdpd¾h Wmdêfhka msÿï ,o m%:u wjia:dj o fuh fõ'

fuu mdvu i|yd fhdod f.k we;s ‘oEf;a lr.eg isU ikikakg’ ks¾udKh

m%nqoaO ldjH ix.%yfhka Wmqgd .;a fldgils' miq j uy.u fialrhkaf.a fkdm<

.S; lD;sfhys o ‘m%d¾:kd’ kñka th m< ù we;' fuu mo je, ví' ã' wurfoajhka

úiska ix.S;j;a fldg úu,d wurfoajhka úiska .=jka úÿ,s .S;hla f,i o .dhkd

lrkq ,eìK'

fuu ks¾udKfhka foaYfha w;S; Y%S úN+;sh" cd;sldNsudkh yd Y%udNsudkh hk

ixl,am Y%djlhd ;=< cks; flfrk w;r" iuDoaêu;a fyg Èkhla ms<sn| wkd.;

wfmaËd o,ajk úYsIag ks¾udKhla f,i o fuh we.hSug ,la j we;'

oEf;a lr.eg isU ikikakg

<d f.dhfï o¿ mjka i,hs

oyÈh uq;= weg u,a jreid ù

lr,a nßka mS§ je.sfrhs

wv i| fudark ueÈhï wyiska

ì,s÷ yog lsß Èhr .,hs

fyg bÈ jk kj f,dalh ±l ±l

mqxÑ mq;d ySfkka yskefyhs

oyila jeõ ne¢ fhdaO ñksia le,

h<s bm§ we;s ujq forfKa

i;a rejkska kj ksoyka u;= ù

mq;=f. iskdfjks Tm jegqfKa

oEfia l÷<e,s msiod n,fkñ

fyg ysre t<shg jäk Èfka

Kh ke;s ìh ke;s ksjy,a hq.hl

mqxÑ mq;d rc lrkq fmfka

ud .; fjfyig wdorfhka Èh

W,am; mdok mqxÑ mq;=ka

ta .; fjfyi u i;=gla fjhs ug

Tn isys jk úg mqxÑ mq;=ka

124

fooyia mkaish jirla ;siafia

ud ÿgq isyskh mqxÑ mq;=ka

Tn yg f,dalh bÈ lr § ñi

hd fkdyels h ug mqxÑ mq;=ka

wNHdi

1' fuu ks¾udKfhka cd;sl wNsudkh;a" Y%udNsudkh;a biau;= lr we;s wdldrh

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' ks¾udKlrejd ;u ks¾udKh w¾: iïmkak lsÍug w;S; YS% úN+;sh fhdod

f.k we;s wdldrh w.h lrkak'

3' fuu ks¾udKfhka biau;= jk lúhdf.a m%d¾:kd we.hSug ,la lrkak'

4' fuh rij;a ks¾udKhla njg m;a lsÍug rplhd fhdod f.k we;s èjks;d¾:"

Ndjd¾:" rEmld¾:" ixfla; jeks rpkd Wml%u úuikak'

125

jiaidkh 16 r;ak Y%S úfÊisxy ^1953--&

1953 cQks ui fojeks Èk ol=Kq m<df;a kdlshdfoKsh

f;,a,Uqf¾ .%dufha § r;ak YS% úfÊisxy Wmkafka h'

Tyq m%d:ñl wOHdmkh ,enqfha kdj, rcfha mdi,"

f;,a,Uqr úoHdldka;s úÿy, yd f;,a,Uqr ÿgq.euqKq

úÿy, hk mdi,aj,sks' my fYa%Ksfha YsIH;ajh iu;ajQ

r;ak YS%" oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh i|yd yslalvqfõ YS% iqux.,

uOH uyd úoHd,hg we;=`M úh' bkslaì;s .d,a, ßÉukaâ

úoHd,fhka Wiia fm< f;la úoHd wxYfhka W.;a

fyf;u miqj fmardfoKsh úYajúµd,fhka isxy,

úIh ms<sn| f.!rj Wmdêh ,nd .;af;a h' le,Ksh

úYajúµd,fha Ydia;%m;s WmdêOrhl= o jk r;ak

YS% ish jD;a;Sh Ôú;h wrUkafka .=rejrhl= f,isks' miq lf,l ol=Kq m<d;a

wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ isxy, NdId tallh Ndr j lghq;= l< Tyq wk;=rej

WKjgqk wuriQßh .=re úoHd,fha lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i o fiajh lf<ah'

tfuka u Tyq wud;HdxY lsysmhl fcHIaG iyldr f,alï ;k;=re ord we;'

mqj;am;a lú msgq .Kkdjla ixialrKfhys fhfoñka wdOqksl lùkag .=re WmfoaY yd

ffO¾hh imhk r;ak YS% rEmjdyskS yd .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyka iïmdolhl= f,i o

mßphla ,eî h' ;Sre ,sms rpkfhka iy úfYaIdx. ,sms iïmdokfhka r;ak YS%

mqj;am;a l,djg o úfYaI odhl;ajhla imhhs'

fï ish¨ idys;H l¾;jHhka w;f¾ r;ak YS% úfÊisxyhka jvd;a u ckms%h

jQfha ldjH yd .S mo rpkfhks' 1975 § m< l< ìh fkdjka whshKaä Tyqf.a

m%:u ldjH ix.%yhhs' miqj mdGl úpdrl fkdu| wjOdkh ÈkQ jiaidfka ldjH

lD;sh m< úh' iqn WoEik ^rdcH iïudk& i,a .y hg" ;re ,l=K" uOHu hduh"

Tyqf.a wfkl=;a ldjH lD;s w;r fõ' r;ak YS%f.a .S; ix.%yhka jYfhka jxl.sß

wrfKa ^rdcH iïudk& iqÿ fk`Mu ^rdcH iïudk&" .x.d .S;h" br ngq ;rej"

fk; ks¨mq,a ^rdcH iïudk&" wd,lukaod ^rdcH iïudk& hk lD;s y÷kajd

Èh yels h' ie<,sysKsfhda" rkalsßlg" r;= lsls<s" iskaÿ lshk WK m÷r ^rdcH

iïudk& hk lD;s Tyqf.a <ud lD;s w;r fõ' ,iaiku wyi yd u;l is;=ú,s"

lgq.yhg" ,shje," w;a miqr hk ,sms ix.%yhka yd uy.u fialr yd iudc h:d¾:h

ûydpd¾h iqpß; .ï,;a iu.& úu¾Yk lD;sh r;ak YS%f.a f,aLk ld¾hhka w;r fõ'

126

“uf.a ìiõfka widmka”" “lsre< uq;= ,syS”" “pkaø uKavf,a ie;mqK mqxÑ idúfha˜"

“ìïnrla fik. .ejiqK”" “f,kaÑkd uf.a kx.sfha”" jeks ckms%h .S ish

.Kkla r;ak YS% ,shd we;' r;ak YS% úfÊisxy idys;HOrhdf.a ks¾udK fufyjr

úu¾Ykh lrñka rÑ; úoaj;a ,sms /ilska iukaú; r;ak YS% kjlúfha pkafødaoh

lD;sh Tyqf.a ks¾udK Èúh ms<sn| udyeÕs újrKhls' rdcH iïudk /ilska msÿï

,;a fuu ks¾udKlrejd cmka “nqkald” iïudkfhka o we.hSug ,la flßKs'

wo ojfia;a r;ak YS% úfÊisxy isxy, idys;H lafIa;%fha fmdaIKhg ksn| j odhl

fjñka isáhs'

r;ak YS% úfÊisxyhkaf.a jiaidfka ldjH lD;sfhys tk ‘jiaidkh’ mµ mka;sh

ks¾udKh jQfha Tyq .=rejrhl= f,i fudkrd., Èia;s%lalfha yq,xod Th iómfha

Ôj;a jQ ld,fha h' tu mßirh o ck Ôú;h o uekúka w;aúòs lúhd tu.ska

ks¾udK /ila cd;shg odhdo lf<a h' ‘jiaidkh’ mµ ks¾udKh Ôjk o¾Ykhla

leálr.;a wmQ¾j mßir Ñ;%Khla o fjhs'

Th oE, fodvu¨ h" iqj| nerejd bkag

ks,a j;=r ;=re¨ lr flfia w;yer hï o@

flláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.k

fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlal

l=Uqla w;= j;=r w;..d keñ,d Èhg

Èh fl<sk yeá mqxÑ ud¿fjda ÿgqjd o@

mqr mfia i| tlal ;r.hg fudarkag

yq,xod Th lsï o u,ajrj b,auyg@

fifkayh msÍ .sh Tfn khk ks,a fmdl=K

Èh ks,k jeis ifï /,s k.d W;=rd h

;Ur fm;s w;r fy,aue,s f¾Kq jeis jisk

Tfn iskdfjka ksfõ yqKqj .sh f,a kyr

fojeg È. lr|je,a wdrelal= hg ieÕj

ks,a l=re¨ ì,s÷ ksÈ" weyerjkafka l=ug@

/f.k foda;g fmrd WKqyqug ysre t<sh

ñysß ujqlsß jf.a fmdjkafkñ kqU,dg

ruŒh jk .efnys fudkrekag ms,a úhk

ikakd,shka fldfydu wekaod o foaÿkak@

jeys j;=r byskjd kï Tjqka úys¿jg

l=re,af,da b.s,a,S jfrka kqU ud <Õg

127

jeys j,dl=¿ rxpq l÷ uqÿkaj, ,.sk

±ka tAú ;eks ìug - iS;, hs uf. is;g

jeis ifï ? wef|a isyskhla ù bkak

Tn tkak - b;ska uf. fyg oji ug fokak

.sïydkfha .s,ka ù lDYj iqÿue,sj

weÈ we§ bls .eiQ .Õ kej; msßmqka h

ÿIalr h lshd yer hd hq;= o Ôú;h@

lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq ms‚i

wNHdi

01' my; i|yka fhÿïj, woyia meyeÈ,s lrkak'

“flláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvd f.k” “l=Uqla w;= j;=r w;..d keñ,d Èhg” “ruKSh jk .efí fudkrekag ms,a úhk” “jeys j,dl=`M rxpq l÷ uqÿkaj, ,.sk” “lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq msKsi”

02' wmQ¾j ldfjHdala;s ks¾udKfhys,d lúhd olajk iu;alu WodyrK foñka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' mßirfha Ôj wÔj jia;+ka flfrys jiaidk iufhys n,mEu lúhd

j¾Kkhg yiq lrk whqre úia;r lrkak'

04' wÔj jia;+ka iÔjlrKfha § lúhd Ndú; lrk Wml%u idlÉPd lrkak'

05' fuu lú fmf<ka ±lafjk Ôjk oDIaáh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

06' “jiaidkh ldjH mka;sh pu;aldr ckl mßir j¾Kkhls'” fï lshuk

idlÉPd lrkak'

128

isxy, idys;H b;sydih ieflúka

isxy, ks¾udKd;aul f,aLk w;r mer‚ u tAjd wmg yuq jkafka iS.sß l=regq ,sms

w;r fõ' moH ks¾udK nyq, j ±lsh yels fuu f,aLk w;r .oHuh mdG lsysmhla o

wka;¾.; h' iS.sß l=regq ,sms nyq;rhla ijk ishjfia isg oijk ishji f;la wjêhg

wh;a nj y÷kdf.k we;'

oïmshd wgqjd .egmoh ±kg yuq ù we;s mer‚ u isxy, lD;shhs' foìi jecd wnd

i,fujka fyj;a miajk ldYHm rcq úiska fuu lD;sh rpkd lr we;' isxy, NdIdj yd

tys b;sydih yeoEÍfï § fuh m%n, uQ,dY%hls' úkh .%ka:hla jk isLj<| yd isLj<|

úksi o idufKar NslaIQka i|yd úkh kS;s ix.%yhla jk fyrK isL yd fyrK isL

úksi o fï ld,fha § ,shd we;' ldjH Ydia;%hg wod< j ,shjqKq ishnia,lr lD;sh o

fï hq.fha ìys jQ f,aLk w;r jeo.;a fõ' th oKaä kue;s Ndr;Sh mçjrhdf.a

ldjHdo¾Y kï w,xldr .%ka:fha wkqjdohls' ishnia,lr l;=jrhd oijk ishji ueo

Nd.fha ,xldj md,kh l< isjqjk fiak rc;=ud nj ms<s.efka' fuu lD;sh fuka u

iS.sß legm;a mjqf¾ ks¾udK o fuu wjêfha ,xld iudcfhys ldjH rpkh ms<sn|j

mej;s Wkkaÿj ixfl;aj;a lrhs'

fodf<diajk iy oy;=kajk ishjia w;r ld,h ie,lSfï § iiodj;" uqjfoõÞj; yd

lõis¿ñK tl, ìys jQ lõ fmd;a fõ' fï w;r" lõis¿ñK isxy, idys;Hfha úYsIag;u

moH lD;sh f,i o ie,fla' fï wjêhg wÞ< .oH .%ka: w;r .=re¿f.daókaf.a wudj;=r yd

O¾u m%§msldj" úoHdpl%j¾;sf.a nq;airK lemS fmfkhs' j¾;udkfha mjd Wiia

wOHdmk wdh;kj, jHdlrK Ydia;%hg wod< j wOHhkh flfrk iso;a iÕrdj o

Pkaoia Ydia;%hg wod< j wOHhkh flfrk t¿ i|eia ,l=K o fuu jljdkqfõ §

,shk ,±hs ie,fla' ±kg úoHudk fkdjk mer‚ moH ldjHj,ska Wmqgd.;a mdG fï

lD;s foflys u we;=<;a fõ' tAjd bmer‚ isxy, idys;Hh ms<sn| .fõIKfha § ukd

msgqn,hla imhhs'

§¾> .oH .%ka: yd isjqmo ldjH .%ka: ,sùu wdrïN ù we;af;a oy;=kajk iy oyy;rjk

ishjia ys § muK h' O¾ufiak ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh iy

uhQrmdo mßfõKdêm;s nqoaOmq;% ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o mQcdj,sh §¾> .oH lD;s

w;r m%Odk fõ' isxy, ck Ôú;h yd ne÷Kq mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; o jeo.;a §¾>

.oH .%ka:hls' th md,s cd;lÜGl;dj wdY%fhka rpkd lr we;'

mer‚ u isxy, isjqmo ldjH .%ka: f,i ie,flkafka ;sir ikafoaYh yd uhQr

ikafoaYhhs' mlaISka w; foúhkag hefjk m‚jqv fia ,shù we;s fuu isjqmo ldjH lD;s"

ikafoaY idys;Hh kñka o ye¢kafõ' fuu iïm%odhg u wkq.; mfrú" .srd" ie<,sys‚"

yxi" fldals, yd iejq,a wdÈ ikafoaY ldjH myf<diajk ishjfia § muK ,shú‚'

129

lõis¿ñK wdÈ uyd ldjH .Khg wh;a jk" f;dg.uqfõ rdyq, ysñhka rpkd l<

ldjHfYaLrh yd ùod.u ffuf;a%h ysñ rpkd l< nqÿ .=K w,xldrh iy jE;a;Efõ ysñ

rpkd l< .=;a;s, ldjHh o fï wjêhg wh;a isjqmo ldjH w;r iqúfYaI fõ'

by; ±lajqKq idys;H ks¾udK ish,a, iïNdjH idys;H .Khg wh;a flfrk w;r

fï fmf<ys wjidk mqrel f,i ie,flk w,.shjkak uqlfjáf.a l=i cd;l ldjHh

o isjqmo ldjH .%ka:hls'

idys;HlrKhg rcqkaf.a odhl;ajh ,eîu ,xld b;sydifha uq,a wjêfha isg

fidf<diajk ishji olajd lemS fmfkk ,laIKhls' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha úiQ miajk

ldYHm yd isjqjk fiak" oUfo‚ hq.fha úiQ fojk mrdl%undyq iy fldaÜfÜ hq.fha úiQ

ijk mrdl%undyq hk rcjre .%ka: l¾;Djre o fj;s' jxil:dj,g wkqj fojk uq.,ka

rcq uyd idys;HOrfhls' nqoaOodi" isjqjk mrdl%undyq hk rcjre o" ,S,dj;S /ðk o

fojk mrdl%undyq rc iufhys úiQ foajm%;srdc kï wud;Hjrhd o" kkakQre;=ffkhd¾

wud;Hjrhd o W,l=vh foaúh o idys;HlrKhg wkq.%y ±lajQ wh f,i ±lafj;s' fmd;a

msgm;a lsÍu i|yd úfYaI ks,OdÍka fldgila m;a lr" Tjqkag jegqma f.jk ,o njg o

idOl yuq fõ' miqld,Sk j úfoaYSh wdl%uK ksid mkai,a úydrdrdu úkdY lsÍfï §

mkai,aj, mej;s fmd;a.=,a úkdY ù hEu o wkqn, fok wdrdñl mßirhg ydks meñŒu o

jeks lreKq fya;=fjka isxy, idys;Hfha mßydkshla we;s úh' kej; idys;HlrKhg

m%fndaOhla we;s lsÍug oywgjk ishjfia je,súg irKxlr ix>rdc ysñhka úiska

lrk ,o Ydiksl m%;sixialrK fya;= úh' tfy;a th m%n, idys;H ks¾udK ìys

ùug ;rï m%udKj;a fkd ù h' fuf;la m%N+ ckhd iy NslaIQka m%uqL j kshe¨Kq

.%ka:lrKhg idudkH ck;dj m%úIag ùu ful, ±lsh yels h' thg ksoiqka l< yels

úfYaI u lD;s fol fjiaika;r cd;l ldjHh yd hfidaordj;hs'

mq¾;=.SiSka nhsn,h wdY%s; l;d isxy,hg mßj¾;kh lsÍu wdrïN lsÍu o oywgjk

ishji ueo Nd.fha § ,kafoaiSka úiska furgg uqøK Ys,amh y÷kajd foñka nhsn,h

isxy,hg mßj¾;kh lr uqøKh lsÍu o isxy, .%ka:lrKfha kj fjkialï úh'

oykjjk ishjfia § bx.%SiSyq o furg uqøKd, msysgqjd" nhsn,hg wu;r j mqj;am;a"

iÕrd o isxy, mdGlhkag y÷kajd ÿkay' fuu l%shdj,shg iu.dó j isxy, fn!oaO

m%ldYk uqøKhg iajlSh uqøKd, msysgqjd .ekSug iajfoaYsl ck;dj o W;aiql jQy' kj

msßfjka wdrïN ùu;a iu. mer‚ isxy, fmd;a yd iÕrd uqøKhg Tjqyq fm,UqKy'

fï w;r bx.%Sis m%nkaO l;d wkqlrKh lrñka foaYSh ck Ôú;h jia;= lr .;a m%nkaO

l;d ,sùug isxy, rplfhda fhduq jQy'

fuf,i wdrïN jqKq kQ;k isxy, idys;Hfha mqfrda.dóka f,i ie,flkafkda mshodi

isßfiak" ví,ahq'tA' is,ajd" l=udr;=x. uqksodi" /msfh,a f;kakfldaka" ud¾áka úl%uisxy"

uy.ufialr" Ô'î' fiakdkdhl" uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø wd§yq h' Tjqyq iïNdjH

idys;Hfhka iy úYaj idys;Hfhka wdNdih ,nñka kQ;k isxy, idys;H lafIa;%h

fmdaIKh l<y' Tjqkaf.a wdNdih ,nñka" f,dalfha kj idys;H m%jK;d .fõIKh

lrñka kQ;k isxy, idys;H lafIa;%hg tla jQ f,aLlfhda fndfyda fj;s' j¾;udk

isxy, idys;Hh fï ish,a, weiqf¾ ks¾udKh fjhs'

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