8/11/2019 10-Comparative Study of the Hypoglycemic Effects of
Coconut Water Extract of Picralima Nitida Seeds and Daonil
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African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (4), pp. 574-576, 18
February, 2009Available online at
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBISSN 16845315 2009 Academic
Journals
Short Communication
Comparative study of the hypoglycemic effects ofcoconut water
extract of Picralima nitidaseeds(Apocynaceae) and Daonil in
alloxan-induced diabetic
albino rats
Salihu M. Ajao1, Luqman A. Olayaki2, Oshiba O. J.1, Rabiu O.
Jimoh1, Sikiru A. Jimoh1,Ayokunle Olawepo1and Adesola I. R.
Abioye1
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences,
College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin,
Nigeria.2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences,
College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin,
Ilorin,Nigeria
Accepted 15 January, 2009
The study was designed to compare the hypoglycemic effects of
coconut water extract of Picralimanitidaseeds to that of Daonil in
alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Twenty five albino rats
weighingbetween 170 - 200 g were randomly divided into five groups
after allowing the rats to acclimatize forseven days and were made
diabetic by intraperitoneal administration of 150 mg/kg of alloxan.
The ratswere giving different volumes of the extract and Daonil as
per their groupings. All the substances weregiven for five days by
oro-gastric tube. The blood glucose level were measured daily in
the rats. Therewas an initial inactivity in the rats following
administration of the extract mixture and their appetite waslow
except for the control group. The blood glucose levels (in
mmols/dL) of the rats at the start and endof the experiment for the
groups were: control (9.6 0.1 to 9.2 0.1), coconut water only (11.5
0.3 to
6.2 0.1), aqueous extract of P. nitida seeds (12.4 0.1 to 5.8
0.2), coconut water extract of P. nitidaseeds (11.8 0.2 to 4.2
0.1), and Daonil (10.5 0.4 to 4.3 0.1). Therefore, coconut water
extract of P.nitida seeds have a significant hypoglycemic effects
in alloxan-induced diabetes comparable to that ofthe Daonil, hence,
it could be an effective adjunct in the management of diabetes
mellitus.
Key words: Albino rats, alloxan, coconut water, Daonil, diabetes
mellitus, Picralima nitida.
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a serious lifelong condition thataffects an
estimated population of about 15 millions and athird of these goes
about undiagnosed until many years
after the onset (Betheside, 1995). It is a group of meta-bolic
disorders with a common biochemical manifestation;hyperglycemia,
hence, it is thus a derangement ofcarbohydrate metabolism (Murray,
2000). Uncontrolleddiabetes mellitus causes varied
histopathologicalchanges in different organs (Harold, 1978;
Thomas,1999), and incidences of diabeticneuropathy has been onthe
increase (Adewole et al., 2006; Carrington and
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Litchfield, 1999; Clements and Bell, 1982). The under-lying
causes of diabetic complications have been attri-buted to
hyperglycemia which results in oxidative stress
alterations in enzyme activities, protein glycosylation
andseveral structural changes (Akpan et al., 2007). Alloxaninduces
diabetes in experimental animals through betacells destruction
(Singh and Gupta, 2007). It has beenshown that beta cell apoptosis
is related to alloxaninduced inhibition of pancreatic glucokinase
function andthere is selective beta cell loss, leading to
insulinopaenic diabetes, analogous to type I diabetes (Gao et
al.2007; Fernandes et al., 2007; Kavitha et al., 2007Wadood et al.,
2007).
Daonil is an oral hypoglycemic agent of sulphonylureasgroup and
is indicated in patients with type 2 diabetes
8/11/2019 10-Comparative Study of the Hypoglycemic Effects of
Coconut Water Extract of Picralima Nitida Seeds and Daonil
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576 Afr. J. Biotechnol.
The decease in the aqueous picralima seed extract grouponly was
not sufficient enough to render the ratsadiabatic within five days,
but became more pronouncedin the coconut water extract of the
picralima seeds. Themechanism by which the aqueous extract of P.
nitidadoes this may be independent of the availability of
insulin
from pancreatic -cells (Inya-Agha, 1999). However, thecoconut
water extract of the picralima seeds producedsignificant
hypoglycemia in the rats comparable to that ofDaonil, and the
mechanism of action to reduce the bloodglucose may be due
stimulation of influx of glucose intothe cells for metabolism. The
coconut water may providean enabling medium that facilitate the
extraction of theactive components of P. nitida seeds extract and
uptakein the rats. Therefore, the coconut water extract of P.nitida
seeds have a significant hypoglycemic effects inalloxan-induced
diabetes comparable to that of theDaonil, and could serve as an
effective adjunct in themanagement of diabetes mellitus.
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