10 Gigabit Ethernet Networking

Technology, Standards, and Solutions

Joshua Katzman, RCDDJoshua.Katzman@adc.com

Agenda

• State of the Industry – What’s driving us toward 10G?

• 10G Standards Update

• 10G Technology Challenges

• 10G Market Drivers

State of Industry:Two Points of Market Pressure

1. Increase of Copper and Commodity Prices

Oil - $75/Barrel

Copper – $3.70/lb – All time highs!

2. Global Competition

Increased competition

Focus on Value

Technology demands are increasing

Demand for lower capital and operational expenses

Increase of Copper Prices

How do we react to these market pressures?

• Innovation

– Example 1: Category 6

– Example 2: 10 Gigabit Ethernet

– Example 3: Power over Ethernet

State of the Industry:Three Major Network Changes

1. Decline of Category 5e in favor of Category 6

2. Standardization of 10 Gigabit Ethernet over Copper and Augmented Category 6

3. Power over Ethernet

1. Decline of Cat 5e in favor of Cat 6

What is driving this market shift?

• $$ - Technology premium is narrowing between Category 5e and 6

• Natural shift to higher grade cabling

• Demand for 10 Gigabit capable cabling

– Cat 5e limit is Gigabit Ethernet

– Cat 6 support 10GBase-T for 37 meters (TIA TSB 155)

2. Augmented Category 6 Introduction

• In April 2004, ADC was the first to introduce an Augmented Category Cabling System

• Augmented Category supports 10GBase-T for a distance of 100 meters over copper

• Draft standards available from TIA, complete standard expected in late 2006, early 2007

Why is Augmented Cat 6 Needed?

• Philosophy of “Building for Bandwidth”

– Cabling expected life: 10-15 Years (12.5 yr Avg.)

– Active Equipment expected life: 3-5 Years (4 yr Avg.)

– Conclusion: Cabling needs to be design to last at least 3 generations of active equipment

• Release of IEEE 802.3an 10GBase-T

– Released on June 8th 2006

– Short Reach Mode (30 Meters, low power consumption, must use Augmented Cat 6 or Class F/Cat 7 Cabling)

3. Power over Ethernet

• Data and DC Power on the same Ethernet cable

• Standardized by IEEE 802.3af

• Power limit of 12.95 Watts at remote powered device (PD)

History and Future of Networking

Throughout recent history, technology progression is driven by a consistent set of factors:

New Applications

Processor Technology Advancements

Operating System Upgrades

Advancement in Network Speed

Implications for the Future

• Looking back at history we can make the following conclusions:

– Over the past 30 years speed and bandwidth requirements from new applications and software have driven advancements in hardware and structured cabling bandwidth

» Example: 1994-1995 – Netscape → Windows 95 → IE → Real Audio and Java Script → 100Base-TX → Cat 5 Cabling (65% share)

– Technology developments accelerate with time

– Today’s technology will not support 2010’s requirements

» Example: Typical 1990 PC was a 386 running Windows 3.0, would this support the applications of 1995?

– Today’s technology is driving us beyond Gigabit

Building for Bandwidth

• Fact: Networking gear (computers, switches, etc.) has a maximum useful life of approximately 3-5 years

• Fact: Structured cabling has a maximum useful life of 10-15 years (3x networking gear!)

• Conclusion: The cabling you install today should support at least 3 generations of networking gear

• Question: How do I have any clue what networking gear will exist 3 generations from now?

• Answer: Look to the IEEE and see what standards are currently in development

IEEE as a Guide

• Recently released standards

– Gigabit Ethernet for Copper

– 10 Gigabit Ethernet for Fiber

– 10 Gigabit over Short Range Copper (CX4)

– 802.3an (10 Gig over UTP)

– Power over Ethernet

• In development

– 802.3at (PoE Plus)

The Future Network

Other Driving Forces

• Structured Cabling “It’s not just for computers anymore”

– IP Telephones – Effectively can double the amount of high end cabling

– WiFi Access Points

– IP Security Cameras

– HVAC and Lighting controls

– RFID

– Badge/Card Readers

• All of the above devices create vast amounts of data that needs to be stored (Data Centers) and transmitted (network)

• Intelligent Buildings are driving Structured Cabling to be an even more critical portion of the network

• Power over Ethernet is the enabling technology

How Advancing TIA, ISO, and IEEE Standards Accelerate

10GbE Adoption

10 Gigabit EthernetReality over UTP Cabling?

• We’re at a once in a decade decision point

• Every standards body agrees...

– IEEE, ISO, TIA: 10 GbE is reality

» IEEE 802.3an, TIA 568B.2 Addendum 10 and ISO 11801 Addition 2.1

– IEEE, ISO, TIA: 5e Won’t Work, 6 limited to 37 meters

– IEEE, ISO, TIA: Numbers CAN BE MET

– IEEE, ISO, TIA: It will be UTP

Cat 6 and Augmented Cat 6 Differences

Parameter Cat 6 Augmented Cat 6

Test Bandwidth 250 MHz 500 MHz

Test Parameters NEXT, ELFEXT, RL, Attenuation, Skew,

Delay

Same plus:

Alien X-Talk Parameters

10GBase-T Support

37 Meters, no Mitigation (TSB 155)

No Support for Short-Reach Mode

100 Meters (Full Power Mode)

30 Meters (Short-Reach Mode)

Typical Size .206” - .250” Diameter .295” - .350+” Diameter

So how do we fit 10 Gigabits down a 500 MHz Pipe?

• Binary – Doesn’t get us there

– There are only 10 types of people in the

world… those that understand binary and those that don’t…

• Gigabit Ethernet – Uses PAM 5 (5 level Pulse Amplitude Modulation), again not enough for 10 Gig

• 10GBase-T – Will use PAM 16 (i.e. 16 levels!)

IEEE 802.3an10 Gigabit Ethernet over UTP

• Completed and Ratified as of June 8th, 2006

Standards Update – TIA-568-B.2-10

• Goes above and beyond the minimum requirements from IEEE 802.3an

• It has cabling (channel and permanent link) and component (cable, connecting hardware and patch cord) requirements

• The designation is Augmented Category 6, or Category 6A (AC6)

• A full set of test methodologies is prescribed for cabling and components so that qualification can be completed

• Alien crosstalk (PSANEXT and PSAACRF) are included as new parameters, not only for cabling but also for channels and permanent links

• There are requirements, test methods and numbers currently available for laboratory and field testing testing Augmented Cat 6 solutions

• Current best case projection is February 2007 for release of standard

Standards Update – TIA-TSB-155

• Reflects the channel requirements from IEEE 802.3an applied to an installed base of category 6 to a distance of 37 meters (Recent update: this was previously 55 meters)

• It is a guideline on the predicted worst case performance of conforming Cat 6 channels when extended to 500 MHz

• Using the known performance of cables and connectors, the Permanent Link limits have been back calculated and included

• No component requirements

• There is information on the mitigation that can be employed to make the majority of failing channels or permanent links pass in order to support 10GBASE-T beyond 37 meters

– Includes separating and/or unbundling cables to mitigate alien cross-talk

• Current best case projection would allow TSB-155 to be approved for publication in June of 2006

Standards Update –ISO/IEC11801;2001, Edition 2.1

• International equivalent of TIA-568-B.2-10 (Perm. Link and Channel only, Edition 2.2 will include component requirements)

• Will encompass New Class EA (500 MHz UTP) and New Class FA (1000 MHz STP)

• Component requirements will be specified, these will eventually be referenced in Edition 2.2

– Component standards have been initiated and are making progress, but generally lag behind the cabling standard

• Scheduled for release in 2007, timeline is less certain than TIA

Standards Update – ISO/IEC TR 24750

• International equivalent of TIA-TSB-155.

• There may be some slight changes in emphasis or nuances, but it will reflect IEEE 802.3an requirements for installed / existing Class E (UTP) and F (STP) cabling.

• The timescale for publication is most likely late 2006.

ALIEN CROSSTALK (NOISE)

Alien Crosstalk is signal heard by a cable within a bundle, that is generated from adjacent cables within that bundle.

Understanding 10 GbE Requirements

When cables lie next to one another the fields from each of the pairs inside one cable effect pairs within the adjacent cable

If the pairs in both cables happen to be the same twist rate, then the effect is increased greatly.

Understanding 10 GbE Requirements

Application Drivers and Progress

Major Enterprise Trends

• VoIP is now driving productivity

• New high performance data centers are creating infrastructure challenges

• Medical imaging and file data transfer is growing

• Network storage becoming increasingly critical to enterprise operations

• Grid & cluster computing gaining adoption in public and private sectors

• Driving toward 10Gbps!

10Gbps

1Gbps

100Mbps

10Mbps

Bandwidth Required

Richness of Applications

Today’s Emerging Applications

• Voice over IP – Recent developments have made VoIP practical

– Power over Ethernet – We can now reliably power IP Phones

– Increases bandwidth in backbone and horizontal – We can decrease latency and increase quality of service

• WiFi – Accepted today as an enhancement to wired infrastructure, not a substitute

• IP Security Cameras

– Homeland Security in US

– Example: Sports Stadiums – Requirements for Security Camera Coverage

Today’s Emerging Applications

• RFID – Radio Frequency Identification

• Intelligent Buildings – Now a reality with integration of Power over Ethernet

• Industrial Ethernet – Large scale replacement of 10/100Base-T controllers in place of legacy RS232 and other protocols

• Web Conferencing - WebEx, Net Meeting, etc.

• Video over IP – Traditional issues of latency and bandwidth are being overcome

• IPTV – Carriers on the offensive against Cable TV and Satellite providers

Characteristics of an Intelligent BuildingDefinition

• Energy Systems

• Life Safety Systems

• Communications Systems

• Automation Systems

• The goal of a smart building is to integrate these four categories to function together as one single computerized core. All hardware and software is selected with this goal in mind and are kept as compatible to one another as possible

Real Time IP

Past Present Future

Managing Computing Power

Managing Connectivity

ManagingProductivity

80/20 20/80

• Because Business Growth fuels

– Rapid & unstructured growth in server and storage

– Newer applications at user locations

– Heterogeneity / Disparate islands)

– Tendency towards disorder

• Ensuring QoS and error-free bandwidth

CampusNetwork

Branch Network

Wide-AreaNetwork

EnterpriseApplications

CampusNetwork

Disparate LAN/WAN/Voice Networks Unified IP Network

Expanding Application DiversityLimited Application Diversity

BusinessNetwork

Applications

ERP MultiMediaWebe-Apps Voice

Shift From Managing Connectivityto Managing Productivity

Shift to Application – Driven Enterprise

Baseline IP

Bursty

VoIP

WAP

Security

Lighting

HVAC

Total IP Convergence

Baseline IP

Security

Lighting

HVAC

WAP

VoIP

Archiving

Baseline IP

Security

Lighting

HVAC

WAP

VoIP

Bursty

Baseline IP

Archiving

Baseline IP

Bursty

1

10

100 average averagePeak Peak

Average vs. Peak (Bursty) Utilization

Average vs. Peak (Bursty) Utilization

Baseline IPSecurityPowerHVAC

Manufacturing

VoiPBursty

Baseline IP

Bursty

Baseline IP

Bursty

10

100

1

average averagePeak Peak

Baseline IPSecurityPowerHVAC

Manufacturing

VoiP

Bursty

10XFaster

The Virus Problem …

• Most anti-virus software works by preventing infection

• Works well but occasionally fails

• When it fails, the virus can spread very rapidly and cause lots of damage

– Many infected machines

– Clogged networks

• Examples

– SQLSlammer

– Sasser

05:29 Jan 25 – 0 infected

06:00 Jan 25 – 74855 infected

• Data, Video, VoIP, SAN, HTTP, email, web services etc

• Broadband – multimedia, e-business

• Mission critical

• High availability, large data volumes, error-free, no packet loss!

= Bandwidth or packet management!

IP Services on the Network

Summary

• 10G is a reality

– IEEE standard ratified

– TIA, ISO standards to follow in the next 9 months

• Historical data predicts faster speeds

– Cabling designed to support 3 generations of network equipment

– Today’s technology will not support the needs of 2010-2012

• Emerging applications drive the market beyond gigabit

– VoIP, Wi-Fi, RFID, IBS, and IP security increase network traffic

– Systems converging to IP technology and UTP cable

Questions?

Thank You

Joshua Katzman, RCDD

(310) 948-2726

David May

(951) 837-5182