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Mumps andMumps Vaccine
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-
Preventable Diseases
National Immunization Program
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Revised March 2002
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Mumps
Acute viral illness
Parotitis and orchitis described by
Hippocrates in 5th century B.C.
Viral etiology described by Johnson
and Goodpasture in 1934
Frequent cause of outbreaks amongmilitary personnel in
prevaccine era
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Mumps Virus
Paramyxovirus
RNA virus
One antigenic type
Rapidly inactivated by chemical
agents, heat and ultraviolet light
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Mumps Pathogenesis
Respiratory transmission of virus
Replication in nasopharynx and
regional lymph nodes
Viremia 12-25 days after exposure
with spread to tissues
Multiple tissues infected during
viremia
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CNS involvement
Orchitis
Pancreatitis
Deafness
Death
15% of clinical cases
20%-50% in post-
pubertal males
2%-5%
1/20,000
1-3/10,000
Mumps Complications
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Mumps Laboratory Diagnosis
Isolation of mumps virus
Serologic testingpositive IgM antibody
significant increase in IgG
antibody between acute andconvalescent specimens
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Mumps Epidemiology
Reservoir Human
Transmission Respiratory drop nucleiSubclinical infections
may transmit
Temporal pattern Peak in late winter and spring
Communicability Three days before to fourdays onset of
active
disease
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000
Cases
Mumps United States, 1968- 2001*
*2001 provisional data
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000
Cases
Mumps United States, 1980-2001*
*2001 provisional data
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Percent
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Mumps Clinical Case Definition
Acute onset of unilateral or
bilateral swelling of parotid or
salivary gland lasting >2 dayswithout other apparent
cause.
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Mumps Vaccine
Composition Live virus (Jeryl Lynn strain)
Efficacy 95% (Range, 90%-97%)
Duration ofImmunity Lifelong
Schedule 1 Dose
Should be administered with measles andrubella (MMR)
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Mumps (MMR) Vaccine Indications
All infants >12 months of age
Susceptible adolescents andadults without documented
evidence of immunity
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Mumps Immunity
Born before 1957
Documentation of physician-
diagnosed mumps Serologic evidence of mumps
immunity
Documentation of adequatevaccination
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MMR Adverse Reactions
Fever 5%-15%
Rash 5%
Joint symptoms 25% Thrombocytopenia
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Severe allergic reaction to prior
dose or vaccine component
Pregnancy
Immunosuppression
Moderate or severe acute illness
Recent blood product
MMR Vaccine
Contraindications and Precautions
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Measles and mumps virusesgrown in chick embryo
fibroblastculture
Studies have demonstratedsafety of MMR in egg allergic
children
Vaccinate without testing
Measles and Mumps Vaccines
and Egg Allergy
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National Immunization Program
Hotline 800.232.2522
Email [email protected]
Website www.cdc.gov/nip
