10-PPT

April 8, 2023 SPAN OF MANAGEMENT 1

CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 10 SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT


IntroductionIntroduction• Span of management is also known as Span of management is also known as

Span of control, Span of supervision, Span of control, Span of supervision, Span of authority and Span of Span of authority and Span of responsibility. It indicates the responsibility. It indicates the number for people directly managed number for people directly managed effectively by a single person. effectively by a single person.

• A sound organization depends upon A sound organization depends upon the effective performance of work by the effective performance of work by the executives. So, the executives the executives. So, the executives should neither be overloaded nor be should neither be overloaded nor be idle idle


SPAN OF SPAN OF MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT


Meaning Meaning • Span of management means the number Span of management means the number

of people managed effectively by a single of people managed effectively by a single officer in an organization. In an average officer in an organization. In an average firm, an executive can efficiently control firm, an executive can efficiently control up to five or six subordinates. up to five or six subordinates.

• Normally, the members exercising span Normally, the members exercising span of control are decreased at the top level of control are decreased at the top level management and increased at the management and increased at the bottom level management. Ideal number bottom level management. Ideal number of subordinates is four in case of higher of subordinates is four in case of higher level management and eight to twelve in level management and eight to twelve in case of bottom level management case of bottom level management


Factors affecting the span of Factors affecting the span of managementmanagement

Character of Character of the the

supervision supervision workwork

Level of Level of supervisiosupervisio

nn

Qualities of Qualities of the the

subordinatsubordinatee

Span of Management

Leadership qualities

Time available to supervisor

Nature of work

Delegation of authority

Fixation of responsibility

Using to standards

Methods of communication


Graicunas theory of span of Graicunas theory of span of managementmanagement

A management expert named V.A. Graicunas contributed much to the Span of Management Theory.

His theory identifies the relationship prevailing between the superior and the subordinates.


Graicunas theory of span of Graicunas theory of span of managementmanagement

The relationships are classified into three categories. They are given below:

Direct single relationshipDirect group relationshipCross relationship


Direct single relationshipDirect single relationship• Direct single relationship is one in Direct single relationship is one in

which a supervisor has direct which a supervisor has direct relationship with his subordinates relationship with his subordinates individually. individually.

General Manager (Finance and Business General Manager (Finance and Business Control)Control)

• Manager (Finance)Manager (Finance) Manager (Business Control)Manager (Business Control)


• In this case a supervisor has direct In this case a supervisor has direct relationship with his subordinates jointly. relationship with his subordinates jointly. General Manager (Finance & Accounts)General Manager (Finance & Accounts)

ConsultationConsultation ConsultationConsultation

Manager (Finance)Manager (Finance) Manager (Accounts)Manager (Accounts)

Direct group relationship Direct group relationship


Cross RelationshipCross Relationship• In cross relationship, a subordinate In cross relationship, a subordinate

has relationship with another has relationship with another subordinate mutually.subordinate mutually.

Vice President (Operations)Vice President (Operations)

RelationshipRelationship

GM-ProductionGM-Production GM-GM-MaintenanceMaintenance


FORMULAEFORMULAE Number of Number of relationships relationships == n (2n /2+n-1)n (2n /2+n-1)

n refers to the number for n refers to the number for subordinates.subordinates.


Number of subordinates Number for relationship

1 12 63 184 445 1006 2227 4908 10809 237610 5210


CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION• The number of relationship increases The number of relationship increases

in geometrical progression.in geometrical progression.• The effective supervision depends The effective supervision depends

upon the efficiency of the supervisor upon the efficiency of the supervisor and the number of subordinates to be and the number of subordinates to be supervised. The effectiveness of the supervised. The effectiveness of the supervision decreases if the number of supervision decreases if the number of relationship is increased.relationship is increased.

Documents

10-PPT