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8/17/2019 10-Retaining Wall and Piles
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page
DESIGN
10 – RETAINING WALL AND RETAINING
PILES
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page2
Retaining wall
-. اد
ص
وخدم
ار
واب
د
خدم
وا ط
و
TYPES OF RETAINING WALL:-
- GRAVITY WALL:- like masonry wall , R.c. wall and
counterfort wall
Masonry wall
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page3
R.c. wall
Counterfort wall
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page4
Stability of rigid walls
Rigid wall failures due to
- Sliding failure
- Over turning failure
- Bearing capacity failure
States of equilibrium
- Earth pressure at rest
- Active earth pressure
- Passive earth pressure
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page5
• Active earth pressure coefficient (Ka):
It is the ratio of horizontal and vertical principal effective
stresses when a retaining wall moves away (by a small amount)
from the retained soil.
• Passive earth pressure coefficient (Kp):
It is the ratio of horizontal and vertical principal effective
stresses when a retaining wall is forced against a soil mass.
• Coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0):
It is the ratio of horizontal and vertical principal effective
stresses when the retaining wall does not move at all, i.e. it is
“at rest”.
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page6
Stability analysis:-
- Sliding failure
- Over turning failure
- Bearing capacity failure
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page7
Check of sliding:-
F.O.S = £V * ( tan α ) / £h
F.O.S . > OR = 2
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page8
Check of overturning:-
F.O.S . > OR = 2
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page9
Check of Bearing capacity
When £ moment = net moment
= resisting moment – disturbed
Moment
Pressure on foundation soil < B/C
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page1
Types of retaining wall
ا ون ا ط اد وح رر واد ن اين او ون-
وودة
ون
د
وادة
ررا
غير
وح
غير
ا ط
ارض
را ط ي با ط
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page
design retaining wall-Ex:
-س
اد
ط
ا
وادة
يدا
ادة
ك
رض
وا
ةدووا داوا خ
- مينيو ر ودا ل1.ا1ض رر دة
- Check of Sliding failure
- Check of Overturning failure
- Check Bearing capacity failure
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page2
Stability forces
W1 = 0.25 *3*2.5 = 1.875 t/m
W2 = 1.5*0.6*2.5= 2.25 t/m
W3 = 1.9*0.4*2.2 = 1.672 t/m
W4 = 1.25*3*1.8 = 6.75 t/m
W5 = 0.4*3.6*1.8 = 2.6 t/m
Total forces N = 15.15 t/m
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page3
Earth pressure forces
Ka = ( 1-sin ϕ ) / ( 1+sin ϕ )
Φ from soil report ( 30 to 45 )Ka = ( 1-sin 30 ) / ( 1+sin 30 ) = 0.5 / 1.5 = 0.33333
e 1 = q * Ka = 0.3 * 0.33333 = 0.1 t/m2
e2 = ɣ * H * ka = 1.8 * 4 * 0.3333 = 2.4 t/m2
then get F1 and F2
F1 = 0.1*4 = 0.4 t/m
F2 = 0.5 * 4 * 2.4 = 4.8 t/m
horizontal forces = 0.4+4.8 = 5.2 t/mTotal
Check of slidingN = 15.15 t/m
H = 5.2 t/m
F.O.S = £V * ( tan α ) / £h
( tan α ) = 0.5 to 0.7
F.O.S = 0.7 * 15.15 / 5.2 = 2.04 > 2
OK SAFE
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page4
of over turningCheck
Stability forces
MOMENT ) O1ARMN
3.321.775W1 = 1.875
2.61.15W2 = 2.25
1.60.95W3 = 1.672
6.91.025W4 = 6.75
0.520.2W5 = 2.6
14.94TOTAL
forcesOver turning
MOMENT ) O1ARMH
0.82F1 = 0.4
6.41.33F2 = 4.8
7.2TOTAL
F.O.S = 14.94 / 7.2 = 2.08 ( OK SAFE )
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page5
of stressCheck
M net = 14.94- 7.2 = 7.74 t.m.
X = Mnet / N = 7.74 / 15.15 = 0.51 m
e = ( B/2 ) – X = ( 1.9/2) – 0.51 = 0.44 m
q1 = (-N / B )*( 1+6e/B ) = ( -15.15/1.9)*(1+6*0.44/1.9)
q1 = - 19 t/m2 ( comp.)
q2 = (-N / B )*( 1-6e/B ) = ( -15.15/1.9)*(1-6*0.44/1.9)
q2 = + 3.1 t/m2 ( tension )
q2/q1 = 3.1 / 19 = 0.16 < 0.3333 ( ok )
if q2/q1 > 0.33333 ( unsafe )
q* = 19 + 3.1 = 22.1 t/m2 < B/C ( ok safe )
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page6
Design of R.c. footing
Stability forces
MOMENT ) O2ARMN
2.581.375W1 = 1.875
1.70.75W2 = 2.25
4.20.625W4 = 6.75
8.5TOTAL
forcesOver turning
MOMENT ) O1ARMH
0.651.8F1 = 0.1*3.6=0.36
4.71.2F2 =
(1.8*3.6*0.33)*0.5*3.6
=3.9
5.35TOTAL
Mnet = 8.5 -5.35 = 3.15 t.m.
N = 10.9 ton
X = 3.15/10.9 = 0.29 m
e = ( 1.5/2 ) – 0.29 = 0.46 m
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page7
q1 = (-N / B )*( 1+6e/B ) = ( -10.9/1.5)*(1+6*0.46/1.5)
q1 = 20.65 t/m2 ( comp.)
q2 = (-N / B )*( 1+6e/B ) = ( -10.9/1.5)*(1-6*0.46/1.5)
q2 = 6.1 t/m2 ( tension )
q* = 26.75 t/m2 ,,,, arm = 1.25 m
M = 26.75 * 1.25*1.25/2 = 20.9 t.m.
Mu = 20.9*1.5 = 31.35 t.m , d = 55cm
As = 31.35*100000/3600/55/0.8 = 20 cm2
Use 8 bars 18 mm / m (bot. reinforcement )
of R.c. wallDesign
Reinforcement from h.l. forces
e 1 = 0.1 t/m2
e 2 = 1.8*3*0.333 = 1.8 t/m2
F1 = 0.1 *3 = 0.3 t/m
F2 = 0.5*1.8*3 = 2.7 t/m
M = 0.3 * 1.5 + 2.7 * 1 = 3.15 t.m.
Mu = 3.15*1.5 = 4.725 t.m.
For t = 25 cm ,,, d = 20 cm
As = 4.725 *100000/3600/0.8/20 = 8.2 t.m
Use 5bars dim 16mm /m
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page8
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page9
Notes
-د
ا ط
وود
نوي
ر
واد
live loadsيت
33
/ م /م1.ر ار ث ونb/cو ي2م او2م
1 / و ذه ا ج ا ط رر يرة وي ار 2طن
-يوا هي دوو يا موزا ريو يا ىوا ريي
ار
يو
يرة
رر
ا
يا
وج
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page21
e1 = q * Ka = 0.3 * 0.3333 = 0.1 t /m2
e2 = ɣ * h * Ka = 1.8 *2 * 0.333 = 1.2 t/m2
e3 = ɣsub * h * Ka = 0.8 * 2 * 0.3333 = 0.5333 t/m2
e water = ɣ water * h = 1 *2 = 2 t/m2
F1 = 0.1 * 4 = 0.4 t/m
F2 = 0.5 * 2 * 1.2 = 1.2 t/m
F3 = 2 * 1.2 = 2.4 t/m
F4 = 0.5 * 2 * 0.5333 = 0.5333 t/m
F5 = 0.5 *2 *2 = 2 t/m
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page2
Retaining piles
خدم د واب ار ل ي ار ويم صو خوازيق-
ي ار ثا وا لخاد ا بارا ليي وا
) ) ان ودت وا لخاد برا ن يوا هيا
ل ظ اشوارع اي ن اير-
ل ظ ات ار ن اير-
- اريد
داخل
اخزوق
ارول
ارع
وصف
رة
يون اطول ا خزوق يوى Hاذا ن ارع ار-
L = H + 1.5 H = 2.5 H
ي اخزوق ي ن ال اي ا ن د اراب-
-ايويت
ن
واخر
رخ
ادا
او
رخ
اخوازيق
ون
يو هي دوو نوي ريخاو
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page22
Ex : design retaining pile for 4m height of
excavation
Solution
L = 4 + 1.5 * 4 = 4 +6 = 10 m
Assume d=30 cm
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page23
Earth pressure forces
Ka = ( 1-sin ϕ ) / ( 1+sin ϕ )
Φ from soil report ( 30 to 45 )Ka = ( 1-sin 30 ) / ( 1+sin 30 ) = 0.5 / 1.5 = 0.33333
e 1 = q * Ka = 0.3 * 0.33333 = 0.1 t/m2
e2 = ɣ * H * ka = 1.8 * 4 * 0.3333 = 2.4 t/m2
then get F1 and F2
F1 = 0.1*4 = 0.4 t/m
F2 = 0.5 * 4 * 2.4 = 4.8 t/m
M = 0.4 * 2 + 4.8 * 4/3 = 7.2t.m. / m
For spacing 0.3 m
M = 7.2 * 0.3 = 2.16 t.m.
Mu = 2.16 *1.5 = 3.24 t.m.
T = 30 cm d = 25 cm
As = 3.24*100000/3600/0.8/25= 4.5 cm2
Use 3 bars dim. = 16 mm at tension
bars dim. = 16 mmUse total reinforcement = 6
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(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437Page24
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Notes
33يت live loadsوود ا ط د واد ر يون-
/ م /م1.ر ار ث ونb/cو ي2م او2م
1 / اخزوق ا طر ار ويجو ذه ا2 طن
ار
-يا موزا ريو يا ىوا ريي يوا هي دوو
) ال ايا طر ار وي اراياخزووج
يو
م
retaining wall