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Dr. Gulam Abbas Gondal
Lecture, Department of Urdu
University of Sargodha
Ketelaar's Grammar: Some New Discoveries
Jean Josua Ketelaar (1659-1718) was the first grammarian of Urdu
language. His book "Instructie Ofte Onderwijsinghe Der Hindoustaanse
en Persiaanse..." was written in 1698 in Dutch language but there were
too many misconceptions about his work. In Urdu it is generally
considered that it was written in Latin and some words are in Hindustani
script. It is considered a book of grammar but it contains a fair portion of
vocabulary too. In the same way it is believed that its only manuscript is
present in Royal Archives Hague. But now it is time to correct the
record, especially in Urdu. Now at least three manuscripts of this book
have been discovered and modern technology and internet have put
them in easy access. This article discusses the whole historical
development about the search and discoveries of more than three
hundred years.
_______________________
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Instructie Ofte Onderwijsinghe Der Hindoustaanse en Persiaanse talen
naven hare declinate en Conjugatie, als mede hollandse maat en
gewigten mitsgaders beduijdingh vergeleykinge, der hindoustanse med
de eeniger moorse namen etca.
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161
ZÏnÆìÑ]»ZÖgeZˆZ°ƒs0*gNäZ¶gLeZyóÆa‘‰Zq-*y~HXz{˜�:
"As for Urdu, John Joshua Keterlaer, the then Dutch ambassador to
India, wrote Urdu`s first grammar in 1715. Written in Latin, it was named
`Grammatica Indostanica`, as Indostan, Indostani, and Hindustani are
among the different names Urdu has had through centuries. But it could
not be published till 1743."7
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#-A.èEEEEc}Å~45Îæ GHŸZ°Ì Dissertationes Selectae LLyz*ã¤/ZÎóóÆŠâd~Š~ˆ"e-eïÆZN[
Dei primi dtudi **òe°äZq-£! Emilio Teza Šzu~Z:q4981Y~QìZ# 8 �áïìX
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9 ~7,JX dei Lincei of Rome
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óó~7yÐ�áùÅX Selectae
"A Bibliography of ZzgZyÅZq-¿Â[ 01 ¤/k,ÍÅL–8uz}WsZ&+c*óóÅâ,¢ÆzZzw
~45Îæ GHŸZ°»f™ñ�ŠìXŠzâVÂ1V~“@*;5171Y Western Hindi including Hindustani"
261
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HĂXZ%:
A Bibliography of Western Hindi including Hindustani"
XZ# 11 3081Y~~Z�å΂ÌÐ�áùƒ_¶XZkÂ[~45Îæ GHZzgZkŸZ°Æ!*g}~PZ½k�
¤/JÍÅZy„gÂVZzgñß~†Z/ÆZ0+gZY]»»©_·™D�Âñß~†Z/»Òy¤/JÍ»F,ÀÃW@*
ìXñß~†Z/Æ;V¤/JÍÐZ.Š}Åßg]ŠÚÆa¤/JÍÆP¿Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:
"John Joshua Ketelaer(also written Kotelar,Kessler or Ketteler)was a
lutheran by religion born at El-Bingen in Purssia.He was accertited to
Shah Alam Bahadurshah(1708-1712)and JahandarShah(1712)as Dutch
envoy. In 1711 he was Duth East India company's director of trade at
'Surat'. He passed through Agra going and coming from Lahore(via
Delhi), but there does not seem to be any evidence available that he
ever lived here.He wrote a grammar and vocabulary of the "Lingua
Hindustanica" which was published by Divid Mill in 1743 in his
"Miscellania Orientalia".We may assume that hey were composed
about the year 1715.12
t¿ŠÚƈðƒ@*ìTg‚—~ñß~†Z/»�Z½k)jZ!:3(ŠgìÔz{Z¹Tg»F,ÀìXZk
z‰ÜJ-¤/JÍÅ¥â]„ƒÐ4‰Zka¹YYì"ñß~†Z/ä¤/JÍÐZ.Š{™DƒñÓxZë¥â]ZgŠzY+zZßVÃÅàNXkZ½kÐáiì"ñß~†Z/»ãCŠ~â~.¤/JÍÅÂ[„ìX
"A Bibliography of western Hindi including Hindustani"
´45Îæ GHŸZ°»“@*;ÔZk»ÑHi!*y~%xƒ**Zzg3471Y~e-eïÆZN[~�áùƒ**Ôtƒ¥â]
¤/JÍÆ_.�XZ[Š9ttì"LZk¿»â~.Zzg|xHì:
LLy*ãZÖpZzg„g'gzðwzs~�Z%wzsÆ°V~y*ãZÖp‚‘�ZzgZÖp
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361
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To us its principal intrest consists in the fact that in the Miscellanea
Orientalia he prints Ketelaar's Hindustani Grammar and Vocabulary
which as we have seen was written about the year 1715.He also gives
some plates illustrating Indian alphabets....Except for the plates of
characters all the Hindustani is in the Roman characters., body of the
work being written in Latin. Spelling of the Hindustani word is based on
the Dutch system of pronunciation.....He has no idea of the use of
'ne'.On the other hand he takes the gujrati use of 'ap' to mean we....14
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plates 6551zg755ÆŠgxyZk'ŧsåÔT~**¤/~yÐZzgwzs{Šg`�XZ[ñß~™r#Ãù7,"ÐÂgìXZkaªktì"lóÆzŠ}~ÃðZ(]ƒÇT~L°VóÆOñ
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~45Îæ GHŸZ°Å¶KyŠ„™äÆZzg45Îæ GH»¿ Dissertationes selectae ~ÌQ�Xz{e-eïƬgs™ZäÆZk¸Z°Æ!*g}~˜�:
LLÃgÏZzgZgŠzZ°ÅèÃg{!*ÑÂ[ZkäZL~ƪxÆŠzgZy9861Y~åŶXZkÆ~ñ�ŠìXZkÃ45Îæ GHÆZq-ë (Royal Archieves) "ðÅzZuÜJÆgZLWg»Çi
71 äÜHåXZk6,~8961YÅ@*gõŠg`ìXóó Issaq Vander Hoeve &Šz„
ZkZ½kЪCÙƒ@*ì"45Îæ GHŸZ°3471YÆOñ¹²4¬,ƒ,œ~ÆZzZy~åƒ_¶
pZkZ½kÐtð™**Âì"tÂ[“åƒðYV"Z,VäŠz_54èEGE9861YZzg8961YŠg`K
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Z[J-c~ic*Š{F,uz»gZgŠz’k,zVÐg;ìXZkÐt³ïÑYYì"ZgŠz~45Îæ GHÆe-eïzZáZi+c)3471Y(ZzggZLWg»ÇJ~ñ�ŠzŠ}ÅZ:qÆÎZRñç¬C_¬ÅÃðßg]Ã7
WCXŒVtf™™**Ì¢zg~ì"ÐZ−+ŒÛ7ä45Îæ GHŸZ°ÆZq-Zôm,~F,3»f™ÌHìXZyÆÒy
äHZzgßy-Eg;uÆjwWsZzg"545ÿJGEHZhZ�ÛkSm,Æ&Ó4è EHEÅ Van de Uitgave Æ_.tF,À
¢Þ)73X5391Y(~�áùƒZXl}îgÆ!*z�ŠZkF,3ÅŠgc*Äe7ƒðX
///
ZgŠz!{3¨4èEEGEƈfgZŠvi!*âV~è’k,zV6,ÌÃeZwàYñX¤/JÍÅZyŠzÂ1V»f™¬ƒ[ì:
1. A Bibliography of Western Hindi including Hindustani/1903
2. Linguistic Survey of India .Vol9.Part 1/1916
ZyÂ1VÆZ½k묊N`�ÔZkaŠz!*g{Šg`™äФ/m,HYg;ìXZkÅ�ÛZ뙊{'×h+¥â]t�:
Â[~¸Z°Æ‚Bfí{ZÖpÌ�áïåX 1X
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Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Series
Wetenschappen, Afd. Letterkunde ; nieuwe reeks, d. 4, no. 15 P. 643-674]
[B.URL. http://bc.library.uu.nl/node/180, official link to Utrecht University
Bijzondere collection,page title:"The earliest Hindustani grammar"co-op: Anna
Pytlowany ]
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24. URL:,http://bc.library.uu.nl/node/180/page tile:The Earliest Grammar
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