Upload
sri-rice-international-programs-cals-cornell-university
View
2.231
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Presenter: Jin Zhengxun, Northeast Agricultural University Haerbin
Citation preview
Super high- yielding rice culti-vation
techniques in cold region:Heilongjiong Province
Jin Zhengxun Northeast Agricultural University
Haerbin
Natural Resources in Heilongjiang Province
• Latitude :43°25′~ 53°33′
• Area : 45.4 만 Km2
• Elevation: 300~1780m
• Accumulated T: 1800~2800℃• Annual mean temperature :
6 ~ 4℃• Average daily sunshine hours:
2400~2800 h
• Rainfall: 250~700mm, 60%
• Frost-free period : 100~140 d
The average temperature
change in Heilongjiang Province
- 19. 5
- 12
9
17
21. 5
15
6
- 6
- 15
2322
- 3
- 25
- 20
- 15
- 10
- 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Comparison of day and night temperature
difference 12
10. 6
8. 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
哈尔滨 沈阳 杭州
Rice cropping area in Heilongjiang Province
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008
年度
万公
顷
Change of rice yield in Heilongjiang Province
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008
年度
t/公
顷
4.Lodging
Cultivation problems in Heilongjiang Province
1. Chilling damage and blast of rice
2. Must pay special attention to the pre-transplant growth of plants
3. Transplant ultra-sparsely
1. Control pre-tillering number
2. Promote early heading
3. Increase maturity
Way To Solve Problems
1. Select high-yielding
varieties
Grain yield of super-rice varieties
Variety Year Place Grain yield ( kg/hm2)
Standard of M .A .
Longjing14 2005 Jiansanjiang 10,638. 0 9,750
Longjing18 Jiansanjiang 11,265.0 10,500
Songjing 92004 Jielin city 10,519.5 10,500
2005 Tailai county 11,029.5 10,500
Longjing5 2005 Haerbin city 10,864.5 10,500
Longjing21 2007 Baoquanling 11,791.5 10,500
2. More tillers per plant in seedling bed
Seedling fa-cility
First stage:Sowing date: March 15Sowing rate:100 g/tray Second stage:Transplanting date: April 15Planting specification :2cm×2cm, 1 plant per hill
Seedling transplanting method of two stages
Large seedling trays ( 352 holes )
Mechanical sowing in straw trays
Seedling type
Sowing rate ( g/tray )Seedling
date ( d
)
Seedling height
( cm ) Leaf age
Stem weight ( mg
)Dry seed Germinating seed
Young seedling 200~250 250~300 15~20 10~15 2.0~2.5 10~15
Middle age
seedling80~120 100~150 30~45 15~20 3.5~4.5 20~30
Mechanical sowing by hand
How to prevent leggy seedlings?
3.
Transplant
seedlings
with soil
blocks
To turn seedlings green early
To facilitate planting by machine
4. Appropriate transplanting density
Relationship between plant density and yield components
Fertili-zation
Density(cm)
Pan. length(cm
)
Panicleno./m2
Branch
Grain no./m2
(1X104)
Filled grain rate(%)
1000 grain weight (g)
Yield (kg/ha)1st 2nd
Low input
30 × 16 22.9 203.8 109 183 2.3 87.3 34.0 6,840.4
40 × 16 23.2 196.5 149 268 3.2 91.8 32.4 7,394.8
High input
30 × 16 22.4 241.3 140 213 3.3 88.8 30.9 7,731.9
40 × 16 23.9 240.2 187 346 5.1 85.7 30.7 8,620.5
Low input :(N-P2O5-K2O) 6-3-3Kg/10a, High input:(N-P2O5-K2O) 12-6-6Kg/10a , Variety: Dongnong V4
Planting Specifications:
36 cm×16 cm, 2-3 plants per hill
Annual N application date ( M 、 D )
5-5 6-5 6-15 7-5 7-15 8-25
Basic N Tillering N Relaying N N in PI N in PI
N in Milling
30% 20% 10% 20% 20%
10%
5. Maintain reasonable N rate and increase potash application rate
N:P2O5:K2O = 1 : 0.5 : 0.8-1
Top-dressing principle of super-high yielding rice
1. Tillering fertilizer: top dressing after
turning green, 10% relaying fertilizer 10 d
after first tillering fertilizer;
2. Top dressing at panicle initiation by
diagnosis
Determining application date of fertilizer
1. First top dressing of panicle fertilizer at
heading stage (panicle length is generally 0 cm
on July 5)
• When panicle length is 1cm , the stage is 18 d
before heading;
• When panicle length is 2cm, the stage is 15 d before
heading;
• When panicle length is 8cm,the stage is 10 d before
heading.
2. Second top dressing of panicle
fertilizer at 10d after first top dressing of
panicle fertilizer.
3. Third top dressing of panicle
fertilizer at heading stage.
6.Irrigation method
Maintain moisture soil at 30 d after heading
7. Harvest in timely way
Daily changes of grain weight
25
26
27
28
29
35(5/ 9) 40 45 50 55
(d灌浆天数 )
g粒
重(
)
9901东优长粒香
Daily changes of milled rice percent
90
92
94
96
98
100
30 35 40 45 50 55
9901东优
长粒香
Daily changes of taste-meter value of rice
62
6466
68
70
7274
76
35(5/ 9) 40 45 50 55
(d)灌浆天数
味度
值
9901东优长粒香
Suitable rice harvesting time for good quality of rice
• Production quality and yield assurance – aiming for:
• Processing quality• Eating quality• Accumulated temperature after heading
Harvest date and grain maturity
Thank you !