Guided by: Dr. Rashmi Tyagi

Presented by: Amar Karam Chandani(091405) Himanshu Jha(091411) Aman Chaturvedi(091440)

WHAT IS TURKEY RED OIL

TRADITIONAL METHOD OF PREPARATION

SULFATION

PROPERTIES OF TURKEY RED OIL –CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL FROM LITERATURE

CASTOR OIL GRADES AND PROPERTIES

MOLAR CALCULATIONS

ACID VALUE AND SAP VALUES EXPERIMENTALY DETERMINED

TEST ON LEATHER SAMPLES.

TURKEY RED OIL is Sulfated Castor oil.

Castor oil sulfation results largely in a sulphuric acid ester in which the hydroxyl group of ricinoleic acid has been esterified.

The sulphate group acts as a hydrophile imparting excellent wetting, emulsification, and dispersing characteristics to the oil. The anion-active product is used in the textile industry for fibre wetting ability and as dye agent to obtain bright, clear colours.

The traditional method of preparing turkey-red oil is to add concentrated sulphuric acid at a controlled rate to castor oil over a period of several hours with constant cooling and agitation of the reaction mass to maintain a temperature of 25–30◦C.

After acid addition is complete, the reaction mass is washed then neutralized using an alkali solution or an amine.

Alkyl-sulfates were introduced just after WWII, and, excepted soaps, they are the oldest surfactants. They are excellent foaming and wetting agents, as well as detergents, and they are included in many different products for domestic and industrial use.

Alkyl sulfates are often prepared by starting with the hydrolysis of a glyceride to produce the fatty acid, which is then reduced into the alcohol.

Producing synthetic detergents

Formulating lubricants, softeners, and dyeing assistants

Active wetting agent, used in dyeing and in finishing of cotton and linen

Used in bath oil recipes along with fragrance or essential oils, or in shampoos.

Used to emulsify essential oil

Colour –Amber/yellow

Appearance-clear/mobile liquid

Odour - blend vegetable oil.

Flash Point < 300.

Acid value -3 to 9.

pH-8 to 9.5

Castor oil is also known as ricinus oil, oil of Palma Christi, tangantangan oil, and neoloid. Typical of vegetable oils and most fats, castor oil is a triglyceride of various fatty acids. Its uniqueness stems from the very high (87–90 wt %) content of ricinoleic acid, C18 H34 O3 , structurally cis-12-hydroxyoctadeca- 9-enoic acid, CH3 (CH2 )5 CH(OH)CH2 CH CH(CH2 )7 COOH, an eighteen-carbon hydroxylated fatty acid having one double bond. Castor oil, sometimes described as a triglyceride of ricinoleic acid, is one of the few commercially available glycerides that contains hydroxyl functionality in such a high percentage of one fatty acid.

1 mole of castor oil= 932gms

Density of castor oil= 0.981 g/ml

Therefore,

50 ml of castor oil weighs= (50*0.981)=48.05 gm

No. of moles of castor oil taken in a 50 ml sample = 48.05/ 932= 0.0515 moles

As per the reaction chemistry 1 mole of castor oil requires 3 moles of sulphuric acid.

Moles of H2SO4 required= 0.1545 moles

Density of H2SO4 = 1.84 g/ml

Hence, amount of H2SO4 required= (0.1545*98)/1.84 = 8.22 ml.

Take Castor oil in a beaker (50 ml).

Add requisite amount of sulphuric acid (8.2 ml) drop by drop using a separating funnel.

Place the beaker in an ice bath since reaction is exothermic.

Continuous stirring is required for homogenisation of reactants.

Leave the mixture for about ½ hr with continuous stirring.

The second Batch was prepared by changing experimental conditions such as Temperature.

Instead of ice bath normal water being used for controlling the heat evolved during the reaction.

ACID VALUE

SAPONIFICATION VALUE

For determining the acid value of the sample, we take 1.0-1.5 grams of melted sample and 25ml ethanol in a conical flask. After heating a little, titrate the sample against 0.1N NaOH.

For determining the SAP Value, take 1.5 to 2.0 grams of sample and 25ml alcoholic KOH and reflux it for min.1 hr. After refluxing titrate it against HCl.

Using Ostwald’s Viscometer: Efforts were made to measure the viscosity of prepared sample of Turkey Red Oil by Ostwald’s Viscometer. The analysis was pretty difficult and henceforth we weren’t able to determine viscosity using this type of viscometer. Therefore we switched over to Brookfield Viscometer.

Using Brookfield Viscometer: Brookfield viscometers employ the principle of rotational viscometry. Rotational Viscometers uses the idea that the torque required to turn an object in a fluid, can indicate the viscosity of fluid. The common Brookfield type viscometer determines the required torque for rotating a disk or bob in a fluid at known speed. Disk or bob spindle immersed in the test fluid through a calibrated spring and spring deflection measures the viscous drag of fluid against the spindle. Amount of viscous drag is proportional to the amount of torque required to rotate the spindle and thus to the viscosity of the fluid.

SAMPLE A

SAMPLE B

Viscosity 2007cP Viscosity 2360cP

Acid Value 199.42 Acid Value 225.34

SAP Value 170.12 SAP Value 210.96

Old Leather sample has got its shine back on application of Turkey Red Oil.