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04/11/23 1Chem-160
CovalentBonds
04/11/23 2Chem-160
LET’SFIRSTREVIEWIONICBONDING
04/11/23 3Chem-160
In an IONIC bond,electrons are lost or gained,resulting in the formation of IONS
in ionic compounds.
FK
04/11/23 4Chem-160
FK
04/11/23 5Chem-160
FK
04/11/23 6Chem-160
FK
04/11/23 7Chem-160
FK
04/11/23 8Chem-160
FK
04/11/23 9Chem-160
FK
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FK+ _
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FK+ _
The compound potassium fluorideconsists of potassium (K+) ions
and fluoride (F-) ions
04/11/23 12Chem-160
FK+ _
The ionic bond is the attractionbetween the positive K+ ion
and the negative F- ion
04/11/23 13Chem-160
Sowhatarecovalentbonds?
04/11/23 14Chem-160
In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
04/11/23 15Chem-160
In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.
04/11/23 16Chem-160
In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.
The shared electron pairis called a bonding pair
04/11/23 17Chem-160
Cl2
Chlorineforms
acovalent
bondwithitself
04/11/23 18Chem-160
ClClHowwilltwochlorineatomsreact?
04/11/23 19Chem-160
ClClEach chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet
04/11/23 20Chem-160
ClClNeither atom will give up an electron –chlorine is highly electronegative.
What’s the solution – what can theydo to achieve an octet?
04/11/23 21Chem-160
ClCl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cloctet
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
octet
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
04/11/23 28Chem-160
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
04/11/23 29Chem-160
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
This is the bonding pair
04/11/23 30Chem-160
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
It is a single bonding pair
04/11/23 31Chem-160
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
It is called a SINGLE BOND
04/11/23 32Chem-160
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
Single bonds are abbreviatedwith a dash
04/11/23 33Chem-160
Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
This is the chlorine molecule,
Cl2
04/11/23 34Chem-160
O2
Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules
04/11/23 35Chem-160
How will two oxygen atoms bond?
OO
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OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
04/11/23 44Chem-160
Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
04/11/23 45Chem-160
OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OOBoth electron pairs are shared.
04/11/23 50Chem-160
6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
04/11/23 51Chem-160
6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
04/11/23 52Chem-160
two bonding pairs,
OOmaking a double bond
04/11/23 53Chem-160
OO=For convenience, the double bond
can be shown as two dashes.
OO
04/11/23 54Chem-160
OO=This is the oxygen molecule,
O2
04/11/23 55Chem-160