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1
CcmchiukhinngcbccbnPhn3ngcbc
Giithiu ngcbinthinttr ngchnhpvnamchmvnhcuncc
Dnngttrvncctrongthct ngclngccvcuH Mchdnnglngcctrongthct
Giithiu
Phnnycagiotrnhtrnhbyvmchdnngkhucuicangcbc.Mchnytptrungvomtmchphtn,ngngtdngintrongcundycangc,ngthiiukhinchiudngin.Mchincnitrctipvicundyvcpnguncangc,mchciukhinbimththngsquytnhkhinocngtcnghayngt.
Phnnycngninccloingc,tmchincbniukhinngcbin thin t
trnmchcuHiukhinngcnamchmvnhculngcc.Miloimchdnngcminhhabngvdcth,tuynhinnhngvdnykhngphilmtcatalogyccmchiukhincsntrnthtrng,nhngthngtinnycngkhngphithaythbngdliuvchititcanhsnxut.Phnnycharamchiukhinnginnhtcatngloingc.Ttcccmchucgi
thitrngnguncungcpmtinpkhngvtquinpngngcangc,iunygiihnhiusutcangc.Phnk
tip mchdnngcdnggiihn scpnccmchdnnghiusutcaotrongthct.
ngcbinttr
BiukhininhnhcangcbcbinttrdatheonguyntcnhtrnHnh3.1:
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2
Hnh3.1 TrnHnh3.1,cchpkhiuchocng tc,biukhin (controller
khngthhintrnhnh)chutrchnhimcungcptnhiuiukhinngmcngtc ti tng thi im
thch hp quay ng c. Trong nhiu trng
hp,chngtaphithitkbiukhin,cthlmtmytnhhocmtmchiukhingiaotiplptrnhc,viphnmmtrctipphttnhiuiukhinngm,nhngtrongmtstrnghpkhcmchiukhincthitkkmtheongc,vikhicchominph.
Cundy,lisolenoidcangchocccchitittngtulccticmng.Nhvy,dnginquacundykhngthngngttcthimkhnglmptngvttngt.Khicngtciukhincundyng,chodnginiqua,lmdngintngchm.Khicngtcm,stngmnhinpcthlmhcngtctrkhitabitcchgiiquytthchhp.Chaicchcbnxlstnginpny,lmcsongsongvicundymtdiodhocmttin.Hnh3.2minhhahaicchny:
Hnh3.2
Diod trnHnh 3.2 phi c kh nng dn ton b dng in qua cun
dy,nhngnchdnmikhicngtcm,khidnginkhngcnquacundy.
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3
Nu tasdngdiod tcdng
tngichmnhh1N400Xchungviccmchchuyntcdngnhanhthcnphimcsongsongvidiodmttin.TintrnHnh3.2dnnvnthitkphctphn.Khicngtcng,tinsxinquacngtcxungt,docngtcphichucdnginxny.Mtin
trmcni tipvi
tinhocvingunsgiihndnginny.Khicngtcm,nnglngtchtrtrongcundysnpvotinchonkhiinpvtqupcungcp,vcngtccngphichucinpny.tnhindungt,tangnhthaicngthctnhnnglngtchtrtrongmchcnghng:
P=CV2/2P=LI2/2
trong: Pnnglngtchtr[Ws]hay[CV] Cindung[F] Vinphaiut
Ltcmcacundy[H]
IdnginquacundyTatnhkchthcnhnhtcatintrnhquptrncngtctheocngthc:
C>LI2/(VbVs)2trong: Vbinpnhthngmchchuyn
Vsinpcungcpngcttrbinthinctcmthayitythucvogccatrc.Do,
trnghpxunhtcdng lachn tin.Hnna,
tcmcangcthngtcghir,nnchngtaphilmvy.Tinvcundykthpvinhautothnhmtmchcnghng.Nuhiukhinchongcquaytnsgnvitnscnghngny,dnginqua
cundy,ko theomoment xondo ng c sinh ra, s rtkhc
sovimomentxoniukinnnhviinpvnhnhdanhngha.Tnscnghngl:
f=1/(2 (LC)0.5)
Mtlnnatnscnghngincangcttrbinthinliphthucvogc ca trc.Khi ng
cnyhot ngvixungkchgn cnghng
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4
dngindaongtrongcundystoramtttrngbngkhngtihailntnscnghng,iunycthlmgimmomentxonirtnhiu.
ngchnhpvnamchmvnhcuncc
BiukhininhnhngcbcnccthayitheostrnHnh3.3:
Hnh3.3
TrnHnh3.3,cngnhHnh3.1,hpbiudincccngtcvmtbiukhin(khngthhintrnhnh)chutrchnhimcungcptnhiuiukhinngmcngtcvothiimthchhpquayngc.Biukhinthnglmytnhhaymtmchiukhinlptrnhc,viphnmmtrctipphtratnhiucnthitiukhincngtc.Cngnhivimchdnngcangcbin
t tr,chng taphigiiquyt s thay i t cmbtngkhi cng tch.Mt lnna, ta c
thchuyn s thay inybng cchdngdiod,nhngbygi
taphidng4diodnhtrnHnh3.4:
Hnh3.4
Tacnthmvoccdiodvcundycangckhngphilhaicundyclpmlmtcuncentertappednginvitapgiacinpcnh.Chnghotngnhmtbtchuyni.Khimtucacundybkoxung
u kia s b y ln v ngc li.Khimt cng tc h, t cm
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5
kickbackslmubncangcnivingundngvbkpbiccdiod.ubnkiabylnvnunkhngtcinpcungcpcnglcthsxungdimc0,ochiuinpquacngtcu.Mtvicngtccthchucsochiunhvynhngnhngcngtckhcsbh.Mttincthcdnggiihninpkickbacknhtrnhnh3.5:
Hnh3.5
CcquytctnhkchthctintrnHnh3.5gingnhccquytctnhkchthctintrnHnh3.2nhnghiungcnghngrtkhc.Vimtngcnamchmvnhcunutinhotnggnhaybngtnscnghng,momentxons
tnggphai lnmomentxonvn tc
thp.ngcongmomentxontheovntcsrtphctpnhtrnHnh3.6:
Hnh3.6
Hnh3.6chothytitnscnghngin,momentxonsvtlnvtitnscnghngc,momentlistnhanh.Nutnscnghnginlnhnvntctihncangcsdngmchdnngdngdiodmtmcnothhiungnyslmvntctihngiatngngk.Tnscnghngchcphthucvomomentxon,vvynutnsnygnvitnscnghngin,tnscnghnginslmnthayi.Hnna,rngcascnghngchcphthucvodcccbcang
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6
congmoment xon theovn tc.Numoment xon gim theovn tc,
cnghngsrtdc,cnnumomentxontngtheovntc,cnghngsrngrathmchcthtchrathnhnhiutngscnghngkhcnhau.
Driverngcnccvbinttr
Trongccmchinphntrn,chngtakhngquantmncccngtcvcctnhiuiukhin.BtkkthutngngtnotcudaonMOSFETScngudngcht!Hnh3.7lmtvicchmcchomiloicngtc,baogmccundycangcvdiodbovphcvchomcchngngtktrn:
Hnh3.7
MicngtctrnHnh3.7utngthchviuvoTTL.Ngun5Vsdngchomchlogic,baogmopencollectordriver7407nhtrnhnh.Nguninchongc,thngt5V24V,khngcnchnhxccao.Tacnchrngccmchngngtccngunnyphithchhpchovicdnngcccundy,ngcDC,ccticmngkhcvcccngcbc.TransistorSK3180trnHnh3.7lmtmchdarlingtoncngsutclidnghn1000,dodng10mAquaintrhiuchnh470OhmslnquatransistoriuchnhdngviAmpequacundycangc.Bm7407dng
iukhindarlington c thay thbibtk con chip
opencollectorinthcaonomncthiukhinmctithiu10mA.Ngayctrongtrnghp
transistorh,open collectorny sgipbovphn cn li
camchlogickhinguncangc.IRCIRL540trnHnh3.7lmtpowerfieldeffecttransistor.Ncthchucdnginlnti20Avnbnhthng100V,doconchipnycthhpthunhnhncatcmmkhngcndiodbovnuncgnvimtbtnnhitln.Transistornycthigianngngtrtnhanh
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7
nnccdiodbovcngphinhanhtngnghoccchianhbicctin.iunycbitcnthitchoccdiodbovtransistorchngliphnccngc.Trongtrnghptransistorbh,diodzenervintr100OhmsbovmchTTL.intr100Ohmcnngvaitrlmchmthigianngmcatransistor.
i vi nhng ngdngmmi cundy ca ng cdndng nh hn500mA, mch darlington h
ULN200x ca Allegro Microsystems hoc
hDS200xcaNationalSemiconductorhayMC1413caMotorolasdnngchocundyhocccticmngkhctrctipttnhiuvo
logic.Hnh3.8 lccngvovngracachipULN2003,dy7transistordarlington:
Hnh3.8
in trnn trnmi transistordarlingtonphi thchhpvi
tnhiuraTTLlngccchun.CcphtcamidarlingtonNPNcnivichn8,lchnnit.Mitransistorcbovbnghaidiod,mtnigiaccphtvccthu
bov transistorkhiinpngc,mtnicc thuvichn9,nuchn9nivinguncangc
thdiodnysbov
transistorkhinhnhncatcm.ChipULN2803cnggingnhchipULN2003mttrnnhngnc18chnv8darlingtonchophpmtchipcthdnngchomtcpngcttrbinthinhocnamchmvnhcuncc.ivingcmmicundydndngnhhn600mA,mchdnngquadUDN2547B
caAllegroMicrosystems s iu khin c 4 cun dy
cangcbcnccchung.Nudndngnhhn300mA,tannchnmchdnngkpSN7451,7452v7453caTexasInstruments,c3loinyubaogmmtvimchlogiccngvimchdnng.
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8
ngchaiccvmchcuHMithtrnnphctphnvingcbcnamchmvnhculngccvkhngcunichungtrncccundy.Vthochiucattrngsinhrabicundytaphiochiudnginquacundy.Tacthdngmtcngtckphaicclmcngvicny,mchintngngcamtcngtcnhvycgilcuHvcmttrnHnh3.9:
Hnh3.9
Cngnhvimchdnngncccptrn,cccngtcsdngtrongcuHphicbovkhisvtinpkhingtdngintrongcundy.Talunsdngdiodchovicny,nhHnh3.9.Cnch
rngcuHc thpdngkhngchiukhinngcbclngccmcniukhinngcDC,htnh lisolenoid
(trongpittngnamchmvnhcu)vnhiungdngkhc.Vi4cngtccuHchotathp16modehotng,trongc7modelmngnmchngun.Ccmodesauythngcsdng:modethun:cccngtcAvDngmodengc:cccngtcBvCngCcmodenychophpdnginitngunquacundyngcvt.Hnh3.10minhhamodethun:
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9
Hnh3.10
modesuygimnhanhhaymodetrt:ttccccngtcumBtkdnginnoquacundyschngliinpngun,gystptrndiodnndnginsbsuygimnhanh.Modenykhngtorahoctorartthiunghmnglnrotorcangc,dorotorsquaytdo(trt)nuttccundyccpnguntheomodeny.Hnh3.11minhhadnginngaysaukhichuyntmodethunsangmodesuygimnhanh
Hnh3.11
modesuygimchmhaymodehmnglc:Trongmodenydngincthchyvngliquacundycangcviintrnhnht.Nhdnginchytrongcundymttronghaimodenyssuygimchm,vnurotorangquay,nssinhramtdngincmngcvaitrnhmtcihmrotor.Hnh3.12minhhamttrongnhiumodesuygimchmcch,vicngtcDng,nucundymivamodethunthcngtcBcthnghocm:
Hnh3.12
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10
HuhtcccuHcthitksaochobaogmcmchlogicdngphngngangnmchnhngmcrt thp
trong thitk.Hnh3.13minhhamtthitkccholttnht:
Hnh3.13
Vithitknytacccmodeiukhinsau:
XY ABCD Mode
00 0000 fastdecay
01 1001 forward
10 0110 reverse
11 0101 slowdecayLi ch ca thitkny l tt c ccmode iukhin c ch cgi
livchng cmhavimt sbit ti thiu iuny rtquan trngkhi
sdngvixlhaymytnhiukhincuHvcchthngnhvychcsnmtsbithuhncngsongsong.TuynhinchviconchiptchhpcuHcsntrnthtrnglcsiukhinngin.MchiukhinngchaiccthctCmtsdrivertchhpcuHtrnthtrngnhngvncnxemsthcthitng
thnh phn ri rc hiumt cuH lm vic nh th
no.AntonioRaposo([email protected])nghmchcuHnhtrnHnh3.14:
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11
Hnh3.14
NgvoX,YcamchnycthciukhinbingracabgpinmTTLnhtrongmchiukhinnccdatrndarlingtontrnHnh3.7.CundycangcsccungcpnnglngnutronghaitnhiuvoX,Ycmttnhiuonvmttnhiuoff.Nuchaiuoff,chaitransistorkoxung(pulldown)stt.Nuchaiucao,chaitransistorkoln(pullup)s
tt.Nhvy,mchinnginnytngcvo tnh
trnghmnglcctrngthi11v00,khngthhinmodetrt.MchintrnHnh3.14baogmhainaxcnh,minacmtchnhxcnhmtmchkoy.ThutngnacuHthnhthongcpdngchonhngmchny!Cn
lu rngmtna cuH cmch rtgingvimchiunghinngradngtrongmch
logicTTL.Trongthct,ccmchiukhinbatrngthiTTLnh74LS125Av74LS244cthcdngnhmtnacuHivicctinh,nhminhhatrnHnh3.15:
Hnh3.15
Mchinnychiuquivingccintrtia50Ohmtrnmicunvinp
tia4.5Vkhidngngun5V.Mimchmba trng
thitrongLS244cthdngnuintrnicabmln,vdngscchiau trnccngiukhin
(mcsongsong).iunychophp thitk
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12
mchiukhingingnhHnh3.15,vkhichamhoiukhin,thchngtacbngchntrnhdiy:
XYE Mode
1 fastdecay
000 slowerdecay
010 forward
100 reverse
110 slowdecayModehm thhai,XYE=110,hmhiyuhnmodeu
tinXYE=000vLS244htdngnhiuhn.ChipTC4467 4cu cahngMicrochip lmt
thdkhccaccdriver4nacuH.Khnggingnhccdrivercsnxuttrc,datasheetcancungcpycnhngngdngiukhin,vnguncplnti18V,vdngtrnmimucthtn250mA.Mttrongnhngvncaccchipiukhinngcbcbnsnlaschngctuithtrnthtrngkhngn.Vd,hSeagateIpxMxx,mchcui(tIP1M10nIP3M12)cthitkrtttnhngchdngchoccngc
bc nh v im u ca a cng Seagate.Mch dn ng
cuHToshibaTA7279ttchongcdi1Anhngcngchcdngtrongnihngmthi.CuHiL293caSGSThompson(vcchiukhc)angcnhtranhviccchip
trnnhngnkhng tchhpccdiodbov.ChipL293D,sgii
thiusau,cchntngthchvccccdiodbovny.NudngccL293gny,micundycangcphitquamtcuchnhlu(1N4001chnghn).Vic
sdngccdiodbnngoichophp ta tmtdy in tr trnngvcadngynhanhssuygimdng
trongcundykhinbngt,c th trongmtsngdngngi
takhngmongmuniuny.HL293cthdngiukhinccngcbclngccnh,tia1A/cunvinpcplnti36V.Hnh3.16chotaschncachipL293BvL293D:
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13
Hnh3.16
Chipnycthxemnh4nacuHclp,ckchhottngcp,hochaicuHy.yldngnggiDIP,vichn4,5,12,v13cthitktruynnhitchobomchinhoctnnhitrangoi.CuHiL298caSGSThompson(vcchiukhc)cnggingviloitrnnhngcthchuctia2A/knh.NhviLS244,tacthnihaicuHtrongL298tothnhmtcuchuc4A(xemdatasheetbitcchniny).MtiucnlulchipL298chuynmchrtnhanh,nhanhnniccdiodbov(1N400X)khnglmvicc.VychngtaphidngdiodBYV27thay
th.CunLMD18200caNationalSemiconductorcng rt tt,c
thchucdng3Avcsnccdiodbovtchhp.TrongkhicuHtchhpkhngsdngcchodnghaypqucaothtrnthtrnglicnhnglinhkincthitkttnginhavictocuHtcccngtcrirc.Vd,InternationalRectifierbnmtlotnacuH,haitrongscthm4transistorngngtMOSFET
lmmtcuHhonchnh.Con IR2101, IR2102, IR2103 lccmchdnngcbncanacuH.
ConIR2104vIR2111cmch logicbnngoitngtiukhincccngtccacuH,chngcngcmch
logicbntrongmtrongmtvingdngcthlmgimthiuphctpphithitkmchlogicbnngoi.Cth,con2104baogmmtngvoenablenh4conchip2104cngvi8transistor
ngngt c th thay thmt conL293mkhng cn
thmmchlogicno.MtsnhsnxutchorainhngconchipcuHphctpbaogmcmchhndng.Tacngcnchrngtrnthtrngcmtsmchcu3pha,dnngttchongcbcnamchmvnhcu3phacuhnhYhaydelta.Tuynhin,ToshibaTA7288P,GL7438,TA8405lnhngthitktt,haitrongsny,nubquamttrong6nacuHthchngtacthiukhincmtngc5pha,10bc/vng.
