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Top Ten Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
By Jolly Mazumdar
Dated: May 14, 2009
India is a rich land of distinct flora and fauna. To protect
these rich biodiversity zone Indian government
has created numerous national parks and wildlife
sanctuaries.
India is a vast land of distinct geographical features and
varied climatic conditions. It is embellished with
diverse flora and fauna, which are unparalleled to other regions
of the world. Our country is blessed with
some of the world's best wild abode for the vast range of
untamed animals. These regions are recognized as
protected zones by the government of our country. These areas
are called as the Wildlife sanctuaries.
Wildlife sanctuaries can be defined as a wildlife refuge which
provides protection to various wildlife
species from hunting, predation or competition. Indian
government has establishes numerous wildlife
sanctuaries and national parks for the safeguard of various
endangered species of India from extinction intheir natural
habitat. These wildlife sanctuaries are dotted in various distinct
regions of the country which
ranges from the majestic Himalayan peaks in the northern India
to the moist Nilgiri hills in the south. These
wild life sanctuaries are the most sought after tourist
destination for wildlife enthusiasts.
Top ten wildlife sanctuaries of India are as follows:
Ranthambore National Park (
http://www.ecoindia.com/parks/ranthambore-wildlife-sanctuary.html
)
Rajasthan: This national park is located in the Sawai Madhopur
district of Rajastahan. At first, this park
was established as a Game sanctuary in 1955 but later on it has
attained the status of National park in 1980.
It is one of the major Tiger Project Reserves of India and
in
1991 the tiger reserve was expanded to include Sawai Man Singh
and Keladevi sanctuaries. Other than
Tiger, this national park is also home to wide variety of wild
animals such as leopards, nilgai, dhole, wild
boar, sambar, hyena, sloth bear and chital. It has an endless
collection of variety of trees, plants, birds and
reptiles. Ranthambore is also famous for one of the largest
banyan trees of India.
Jim Corbett National Park
(http://www.ecoindia.com/parks/corbett-national-park.html) ,
Uttaranchal: It is
the first wildlife reserve of India. It was established in 1936
as Hailey National Park and situated in the
Nainital district of Uttaranchal. It attained its name from Jim
Corbett, a famous hunter turned
conservationist who played a major role in the establishment of
the park. This park comes under the first
Project Tiger reserves launched in 1973 and is famous for the
endangered Bengal Tiger species. This park
is also a repository of 488 different species of plants, nearly
600 species of birds and a diverse variety offauna which includes
elephant, chital, sambar, nilgai, gharial, King Cobra, muntjac,
wild boar, hedgehog,
common musk shrew, flying fox, Indian Pangolin.
Bandhavgarh National Park (
http://www.ecoindia.com/parks/bandhavgarh-national-park.html) ,
Madhya
Pradesh: This national park is situated in the Umaria district
of the Madhya Pradesh. It has attained the
status of a national park in the year 1968. This is a rich zone
of bio-diversity in the country. It has one of
the highest population of Tigers in the country. Apart from
Tiger, it has 37 species of mammals that
includes Nilgai, Chausingha, Chital, Chinkara, Wild Boar and
sometimes a Fox or Jackal, more than 250
species of birds, about 70 species of butterflies, a number of
reptiles. Earlier this park was famous for the
White Tigers of Rewa.
Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh: This park is located in the
Banjar and Halon valleys in the Mandla
/ Balaghat districts of the state of Madhya Pradesh . Kanha was
designated as a National park in the year
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1955 and also declared as a Tiger reserve under the Project
Tiger in 1974. The main attraction of the park
are the Barasingha or swamp deer. It also provides shelter to
the other species of mammals such as tigers,
langur monkeys, spotted deer, sambhar deer, wild boar, jackals,
blackbuck, crested serpent and many more.
It has more than 300 species of birds, fishes and reptiles.
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala: It is situated high in the
mountains of Western ghats of Pathanamthittaand Idukki districts of
Kerala near the border of the Tamil Nadu. It is one of the well
known Tiger reserve
project of South India. Periyar is famous for Asiatic elephants.
It has near about 900 to 100 elephants. This
wildlife sanctuary contains 62 types of mammals which includes
gaur, sambar (horse deer), barking deer,
mouse deer, Dholes (Indian wild dogs), mongoose, foxes and
leopards and Nilgiri tahr, 27 types of
amphibians, 45 types of reptiles, 320 types of birds, 38 types
of fishes and 160 types of insects.
Bandipur Wildlife Sanctuary Karnataka: This national park is
situated at the meeting point of the Deccan
plateau and the Western ghats in the Chamarajanagar district in
Karnataka. It was designated as a Tiger
reserve under the Project Tiger in 1973. In 1974, the Bandipur
wildlife sanctuary was declared as a
National Park under the Wildlife Protection Act. It helps to
protect the population of Tiger in the park. It is
a home to the various kinds of wildlife species such as Asiatic
Elephant, Gaur (Indian Bison), Leopard,
Chital and Sambar. The avian population is represented by the
Peafowl, Partridge, Quail, Hornbill and Ibis.
Apart from these, Dhole (wild dog), Sambar, Barking Deer, Giant
Squirrel, Sloth Bear and Nocturnal
Porcupine are some of the exotic species found in the park.
Kaziranga National Park, Assam: It is located in the Golaghat
and Nagaon districts of Assam. It is a World
Heritage Site and has two third population of world's one-horned
great Indian rhinoceros. It was declared as
a Tiger reserve in 2006 and has the highest number of Tiger
population in world. It also provide shelter to
elephants, wild water buffalo, swamp deer, Indian muntjac, wild
boar, hog deer, gaur, sambhar, Assamese
macque, capped and golden langur, hoolock gibbon and many more.
It is also home to the various species
of birds such as migratory birds, water birds, predators,
scavengers, and game birds. Also to the GangesDolphin.
Gir National Park and Sanctuary, Sasangir, Gujarat: It is the
only abode of Asiatic lion in th e world. Gir is
situated in the south-west of Saurashtra peninsula in the
Junagarh district of Gujrat . It also has a significant
population of leopards and numerous number of chital, nilgai,
chinkara, the four horned antelope and wild
boar. This park is rich in birds. Some species of birds which
are found here are black headed cuckoo shrike,
pied woodpecker, Bonelli's eagle, crested serpant eagle, painted
sandgrouse, bush quail and grey partridge.
Keoladeo Ghana National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan: Earlier this
national park was named as Bharatpur
wildlife sanctuary. It attained its national park status in the
year 1981. It is a paradise for the ornithologist
and bird watchers. This national park is situated in the
Bharatpur district of Rajasthan. It is a World
Heritage site. Every year during the winter season, thousands of
migratory birds like Siberian cranes,
Common Demoiselle, Hawks, Pelicans, Geese, Shanks, Ducks,
Eagles, Warblers, Stints, Wagtails,
Buntings, Wheatears, Flycatchers, Larks and Pipits comes here to
rescue themselves from the cold of
western countries. Beside birds , this park also has a good
number of mammals namely Golden Jackal,
Jungle Cat, Striped Hyena, Sambar, Fishing Cat, Nilgai,
Blackbuck and wild Boar.
Pench National Park, Maharashtra: This national park comprises
some area of the Seoni district of the
southern Madhya Pradesh and northwestern Maharashtra. It is the
25th Tiger Reserve in the country. Beside
Tiger, it is also rich in various other kinds fauna such as wild
pig, nilgai, sambhars, chital, muntjac, gaur,
macque, langur, wild boar, bears, wild dogs and four horned
antelope. This park is famous for deer andleopards. It also has 25
species of birds like barbets, bulbuls, minivets orioles, wagtails,
munias, mynas,
waterfowls, and blue kingfishers.
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