Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 1/22
Tiffany GwatneyNursing
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 2/22
1. (3) Genus, Class, Phylum2. (4) Shape3. (5) Cell Morphology4. (6)Gram Staining5. (7) Biochemical Characteristics6. (8)D isease7. (9) Symptoms8. (10)H istory
9. (11-16) Figures of RVF10. (17-18) Diagnostics11. (19) Treatment12. (20) Prevention13. (21) Conclusion14.
(22) References .
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 3/22
Rift ValleyFever
Rift valley fever isan RNA virus in
the genusPhlebovirus
(familyBunyaviridae )
It is considered aviral zoonosis .
Rift Valley Fever virus
Virus classification
Group: Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Family: Bunyaviridae
Genus: Phlebovirus
Species: Rift Valley Fever virus
Genus, Class, Phylum
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 4/22
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 5/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
Rift Valley fevervirus has a
completedreplication cyclewithin 13 hours .
The figure on theright shows thereplication processof a RVFV cell
Cell Morphology
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 6/22
Rift Valley
Fever VirusAt 15 hpostinfection,VERO E6 cellswereimmunolabeledwith an anti -NSsmonoclonalantibody (green ) and anti -RVFvirus polyclonalantiserum (red ).
Gram Staining
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 7/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
RVF is a viralzoonosis, affectingprimarily domesticlivestock, but canbe passed tohumans ) causingfever . It is spread
by the bite of infectedmosquitoes .
BiochemicalCharacteristics
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 8/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
RVF ischaracterized byhigh mortality ratesin young animals,and abortions inpregnantruminants .May also be
contracted byhumans who havehad contact withinfected animal
blood .
Disease
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 9/22
ANIMALMainly in sheep, goats,and cattleFeverJaundiceLoss of appetiteWeaknessEncrustation aroundthe muzzle frombloody nasal dischargeHigh abortion ratesEnlarged liver
HU MANNo symptomsFeverLiver abnormalitiesHemorrhagic feverEncephalitisWeakness
Back painDizzinessExtreme weight lossUsually recover within2 days to 1 week
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 10/22
History
Rift Valley Fever Virus is generally found in regions of eastern and southern Africa where sheep and cattle areraised . The most notable epizootic of RVF occurred inKenya in 1950 , resulting in the death of approximately100 ,000 sheep . In 1987 , there was a large outbreak inWest Africa linked to the construction of the Senegal RiverProject . The project caused flooding in the lower SenegalRiver, altering interactions between animals and humans,resulting in transmission of RVF to humans .
Rift Valley Fever Virus is generally found in regions of eastern and southern Africa where sheep and cattle areraised . The most notable epizootic of RVF occurred inKenya in 1950 , resulting in the death of approximately100 ,000 sheep . In 1987 , there was a large outbreak inWest Africa linked to the construction of the Senegal RiverProject . The project caused flooding in the lower SenegalRiver, altering interactions between animals and humans,resulting in transmission of RVF to humans .
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 11/22
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 12/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
A cow sufferingfrom RVF. Hehas theencrustationaround themuzzle from
bleeding fromthe nose .
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 13/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
Abortion of lamb fetuscaused by RVF .
Abortion rateof lambs with
RVF are closeto 100%.
Abortion cause by RVF
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 14/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
Nomadic Refugee Campat Garissa, 1997
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 15/22
Mosquito egg s canlie d orm an t f or along pe riod of tim e. Once t hera in com es, t heegg s ha t ch , andt he cycle beg ins.
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 16/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus Starving Cattle due to RVF
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 17/22
Clinical signs vary with age, species and breed of theanimal .
May be recognized by the high mortality rates innewborn animals and abortions in adults .
In lambs, a bisphasic fever, anorexia, or death within 36 hours of contracting the disease .
Hemorrhagic diarrhea or abdominal pain
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 18/22
Rift Valley Fever can be diagnosed by isolationof the virus from the blood of febrile animals .
The virus may also be recovered from thetissues of dead animals and aborted fetus s .
Viral antigens may be detected byimmunofluorescent staining of impressionsmears from the liver, spleen, or brain .
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 19/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
No treatmentother thansupportive careis available .
Rivavirin hasbeen shownpromising inanimal studies .
Treatment
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 20/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
Mosquito netsMosquito
repellants
Long shirts andtrousersLimited outdoor
activities
Vaccinate animalsBarriers when
handling animalblood .
Prevention
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 21/22
Rift ValleyFever Virus
High mortalities inlambs, kids and calvesfollowing increase inmosquito populations
Disease is milder inadults than innewborns
Abortions in sheep,goats and cattle
Extensive necroticliver changes
Influenza symptomsin people workingwith sick animals orhandling infectedcarcasses
Suspect Rift ValleyFever IF:
8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 22/22
www.cfsph .iastate .edu/ IICABwww.cdc .gov/az .do
http://www .gsbs .utmb .edu/microbookhttp://www .voiceinthedesert .orghttp://images .google .comhttp://who .int/inf -fs/en/fact2 07. htmlhttp://www .spc .int/rahs/http://www .oie .int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00031. htm
