1111

22

1 yard = 0.9444 meters

MeasurementMeasurement A number without a unit is A number without a unit is

meaninglessmeaningless It is 4 longIt is 4 long 4 what?4 what? Scientists use the metric system or Scientists use the metric system or

SI for le System Internationale SI for le System Internationale d’Unitsd’Units

Makes sharing data easierMakes sharing data easier

Metric SystemMetric System Measurements have two partsMeasurements have two parts Base unit and prefixBase unit and prefix Prefixes multiply or divide the Prefixes multiply or divide the

base units by multiples 10base units by multiples 10 Prefixes are the same for all unitsPrefixes are the same for all units

Base UnitsBase UnitsQuantity Unit Abbreviatio

nLength meter m

Mass gram g

Temperature

kelvin K

Electric current

ampere A

Amount of substancemole mol

Luminous intensity candela cd

PrefixesPrefixesPrefix Symbol Meaning As a

numberkilo- k thousand 1,000

mega- M million 1,000,000

giga- G billion 1,000,000,000deci- d tenth 0.1

centi- c hundredth

0.01

milli- m thousandth 0.001

micro- μ millionth 0.000 001

Metric conversionsMetric conversions Changing the unitChanging the unit Does not change the size of the Does not change the size of the

measurementmeasurement If the unit gets bigger the number If the unit gets bigger the number

gets smallergets smaller If the unit gets smaller the number If the unit gets smaller the number

gets biggergets bigger Math with multiples of 10Math with multiples of 10 We will cancel out units to make sure We will cancel out units to make sure

we set the problem up rightwe set the problem up right

8888

English vs. Metric Units

Left Image: http://webapps.lsa.umich.edu/physics/demolab/controls/imagedemosm.aspx?picid=1167Right Image: http://share.lancealan.com/N800%20ruler.jpg

Which is longer?

A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer

B. 1 yard or 1 meter

C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter

1.6 kilometers

1 mile

1 yard = 0.9444 meters

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

99

Metric Units

The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m.

Standard: The distance traveled by light in absolute vacuum in 1⁄299,792,458 of a second.

Metric Units

1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters

1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm)

1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm)

mkm cm mm

Which is larger?

A. 1 meter or 105 centimeters

B. 4 kilometers or 4400 meters

C. 12 centimeters or 102 millimeters

D. 1200 millimeters or 1 meter

Click the image to watch a short video

about the meter.

1100

Measuring Length

Ruler: http://www.k12math.com/math-concepts/measurement/ruler-cm.jpg

How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter?

What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm

What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm

What is the length of the line to the nearest centimeter? ________cm

HINT: Round to the nearest centimeter – no decimals.

1 centimeter = 10 millimeters

Metric conversionsMetric conversions A common race is the 5 K, which is 5 A common race is the 5 K, which is 5

km. How many meters is this?km. How many meters is this? Given unit -kmGiven unit -km Unit wanted –mUnit wanted –m The unit gets smaller, so the number The unit gets smaller, so the number

must get biggermust get bigger 1000 m = 1 km1000 m = 1 km

Metric conversionsMetric conversions

Distance in m = 5 km

Distance in m = 5000 m

1000 m

1 km x

Metric conversionsMetric conversions The recommended daily The recommended daily

requirement of vitamin C is 500 requirement of vitamin C is 500 mg. How many grams is this?mg. How many grams is this?

mass in g = 500 mg

mass in g = 0.5 m

1 g

1000 mg x

Measuring lengthMeasuring length Use a rulerUse a ruler Line up from zero not the end of the Line up from zero not the end of the

rulerruler Small divisions are millimetersSmall divisions are millimeters

0 1 2 3 4

VolumeVolume

Liter a common unitLiter a common unit 1 L about 1/4 of a gallon - a quart1 L about 1/4 of a gallon - a quart 1 mL is about 20 drops of water or 1 mL is about 20 drops of water or

1 sugar cube1 sugar cube

1166

English vs. Metric Units

Which is larger?

A. 1 liter or 1 gallon

B. 1 liter or 1 quart

C. 1 milliliter or 1 fluid ounce

1 gallon = 3.79 liters

It would take approximately 3 ¾ 1-liter bottles to equal a gallon.

1 fl oz = 29.573 ml

1 12-oz can of soda would equal

approximately 355 ml.

1 quart = 0.946 liters

1177

Metric Units

Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.

The base unit of volume in the metric system in the liter and is represented by L or l.

Standard: 1 liter is equal to one cubic decimeter Metric Units

1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)

1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cm3 (or cc) = 1 gram*

LkL cL mL

Which is larger?

A. 1 liter or 1500 milliliters

B. 200 milliliters or 1.2 liters

C. 12 cm3 or 1.2 milliliters*

Click the image to watch a short video

about volume.

* When referring to waterLiter Image: http://www.dmturner.org/Teacher/Pictures/liter.gif

1188

Measuring Volume

Top Image: http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade8/science/images/20graphicaa.gifBottom Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/meniscus.htm

We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects.

Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water.

What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL

What causes the meniscus?

A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides.

1199

Measuring Liquid Volume

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swfWhat is the volume of water in each cylinder?

Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

A B C

D

2200

Measuring Solid Volume

Click here for an online activity about volume. Choose Lessons Volume & Displacement

10 cm

9 cm

8 cm

We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x

height.

_____ X _____ X _____ = _____

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We can measure the volume of irregular object using water

displacement. Amount of H2O with object = ______

About of H2O without object = ______

Difference = Volume = ______

Measuring VolumeMeasuring Volume Use a graduated Use a graduated

cylinder.cylinder. The water will The water will

curve in the curve in the cylinder.cylinder.

Hold it level with Hold it level with your eye.your eye.

Read the bottom Read the bottom of the curve.of the curve.

Measures in Measures in milliliters mL.milliliters mL.

10

20

30

MassMass weight is a force, is the amount of weight is a force, is the amount of

matter.matter. 1gram is defined as the mass of 1 1gram is defined as the mass of 1

cmcm33 of water at 4 ºC. of water at 4 ºC. 1 kg = 1 L of water1 kg = 1 L of water 1 kg = 2.5 lbs1 kg = 2.5 lbs 1 g = 1 paper clip1 g = 1 paper clip 1 mg = 10 grains of salt or 2 drops 1 mg = 10 grains of salt or 2 drops

of water.of water.

2233

English vs. Metric Units

Which is larger?

1. 1 Pound or 100 Grams

2. 1 Kilogram or 1 Pound

3. 1 Ounce or 1000 Milligrams

1 pound = 453.6 grams

100 kilogram = 220 pounds

1 ounce of gold = 28,349.5 milligrams

2244

Metric Units

Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object.

The base unit of mass in the metric system in the kilogram and is represented by kg.

Standard: 1 kilogram is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK), a platinum-iridium cylinder kept by the BIPM at Sèvres, France.

Metric Units

1 Kilogram (km) = 1000 Grams (g)

1 Gram (g) = 1000 Milligrams (mg)

gkg cg mg

Which is larger?

A. 1 kilogram or 1500 grams

B. 1200 milligrams or 1 gram

C. 12 milligrams or 12 kilograms

D. 4 kilograms or 4500 grams

Click the image to watch a short video

about mass.

Kilogram Prototype

Kilogram Prototype Image - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram

2255

Measuring Mass

Top Image: http://www.southwestscales.com/Ohaus_Triple_Beam_750-SO.jpgBottom Image: http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/laboratory/graphics/triplebeambalance.jpg

We will be using triple-beam balances to find the mass of various objects.

The objects are placed on the scale and then you move the weights on the beams until you get the lines on the right-side of the scale to match up.

Once you have balanced the scale, you add up the amounts on each beam to find the total mass.

What would be the mass of the object measured in the picture?

_______ + ______ + _______ = ________ g

2266

Measuring Mass – Triple-Beam Balance

Click here to try an online activity.

1st – Place the film canister on the scale.

2nd – Slide the large weight to the right until the arm drops below the line. Move the rider back one groove. Make sure it “locks” into place.

3rd – Repeat this process with the top weight. When the arm moves below the line, back it up one groove.

4th – Slide the small weight on the front beam until the lines match up.

5th – Add the amounts on each beam to find the total mass to the nearest tenth of a gram.

Measuring MassMeasuring Mass Use a triple beam balanceUse a triple beam balance First balance it at zero.First balance it at zero. Then put item onThen put item on Then move one weight at a timeThen move one weight at a time When balanced, add up the When balanced, add up the

weightsweights

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 100 200 300 400 500

22992299

Temperature

1. Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius

oC = 5/9 x (oF – 32)

oC = .5555 x (oF -32)

2. Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

oF = (9/5 x oC) + 32

oF = (1.8 x oC) + 32

Example: 85 oF

oC = .5555 x (85 – 32)

oC = .5555 x 53 = 29.4 oC

Water oF oC

Boiling Pt. 212 100

Melting Pt 32 0

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