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North-South 400 kV Interconnection Development Environmental Impact Statement Volume 3C

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11 LANDSCAPE

11.1 INTRODUCTION

1 This chapter describes and analyses the existing landscape character along the route of the

proposed development in the Cavan Monaghan Study Area (CMSA) and provides an evaluation

of the potential for landscape and visual impacts arising from the proposed development in that

study area.

2 Accordingly, this chapter of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) identifies and describes

the residual landscape impacts which are predicted to occur in the CMSA.

3 A description of the proposed development is set out in Chapter 6, Volume 3B of the EIS. That

chapter describes the full nature and extent of the proposed development, including elements of

the overhead line (OHL) design and the towers. In addition Chapter 6, Volume 3B of the EIS

provides a factual description, on a section by section basis, of the entire line route. The

proposed alignment is described in that chapter using townlands and tower numbers as a

guideline. The principal construction works proposed as part of the development are set out in

Chapter 7, Volume 3B of the EIS.

4 The alignment of the proposed development has been carefully considered so as to avoid and

minimise, without being able to remove all, visual and landscape effects. Those effects that

remain are the residual unavoidable effects that will occur if planning approval is granted in

respect of the proposed development. Accordingly, this chapter does not purport to establish

that there are no adverse effects on the appearance or character of the landscape along the

alignment of the proposed electricity transmission development in the CMSA.

5 A generalised appraisal has been conducted of the residual unavoidable effects of the proposed

development on the landscape in the CMSA, as is appropriate in relation to linear

developments. For further details on the evaluation of visual impact on residential properties,

refer to the North-South 400 kV Interconnection Residential Visual Impact Assessment included

as Appendix 11.2, Volume 3C Appendices, of the EIS.

6 In summary, this chapter includes the following information:

Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Methodology;

Description of the Characteristics of the Proposed Development;

Description of the Existing Environment;


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Description of Potential Landscape and Visual Impact;

Description of Mitigation Measures;

Description of Residual Landscape and Visual Impact;

Description of Interrelationships between Environmental Factors; and

Conclusions.

7 Given its subject matter, this chapter is supported by mapping contained in Volume 3C Figures

of the EIS as follows:

Figure 11.1 CMSA Landscape Character Areas;

Figure 11.2 CMSA Landscape Character Types;

Figures 11.3 - 11.6 CMSA Landscape Constraints and Photomontage Locations; and

Figures 11.7 - 11.10 CMSA Zone of Theoretical Visibility and Photomontage Locations.

8 A set of full-scale photomontages and wireframes are contained in Volume 3C Figures of the

EIS.

9 Site assessments were carried out by two landscape architects as per best practice.

11.2 METHODOLOGY

11.2.1 Scope of the Evaluation

10 This section of the EIS has been prepared in accordance with relevant EU and Irish Legislation

and guidance, including the requirements of Annex IV of the EIA Directive and in accordance

with Schedule 6 of the Planning and Development Regulations 2001 (as amended) and

conforms to the relevant requirements as specified therein. The scope of the evaluation is

based on a review of legislation, guidance documents, other EISs, feedback from public

consultation, consultation with prescribed authorities, including An Bord Pleanála (the Board),

and a consideration of the likelihood for significant impacts arising, having regard to the nature

of the receiving environment and the nature and extent of the proposed development.

11 The scoping opinion received from the Board (see Appendix 1.3, Volume 3B of the EIS)

identified the following issues as being relevant to this chapter of the EIS, each of which are

dealt with in this chapter or elsewhere in the EIS as noted below:


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Include full-scaled photomontages (these are included in Volume 3C Figures of the

EIS);

Provide an overview of landscape character having regard to the Landscape Character

Assessments which inform statutory development plans;

Identify the area of visual influence;

Appraise impacts on landscape character and visual amenities having particular regard

to designated landscapes, views of amenity value, including protected views, and the

setting of main tourism assets;

Identify and appraise potential impacts on historic demesne landscapes;

Appraise potential for alternative routing or partial undergrounding in sensitive

landscape areas (This is included in Chapter 5 , Volume 3B of the EIS); and

Appraise cumulative visual and landscape impact assessment with the 110 kV and 220

kV OHL network and other existing and permitted development. (This is included in

Chapter 10, Volume 3B of this EIS.)

12 Scoping submissions were also received from Monaghan County Council, Cavan County

Council, Fáilte Ireland, An Taisce and the Department of the Environment, (Northern Ireland)

and have been taken into account in this appraisal.

13 An outline of the OHL route selection methodology, including mitigation by avoidance, is

described in detail in Chapter 5, Volume 3B, of the EIS. The Final Re-Evaluation Report (April

2013) (see Appendix 1.1, Volume 3B Appendices of the EIS), also provides full details of how

the preferred route corridor and indicative line route was selected, including reference to the

potential for landscape and visual impacts.

14 The Preferred Project Solution Report (July 2013) (see Appendix 1.3, Volume 3B Appendices

of this EIS), outlines the process of moving from an indicative line route, as identified in the

Final Re-evaluation Report (April 2013), to a more detailed preferred line design.

11.2.2 Guidelines

15 The key guidelines used in this appraisal are the Advice Notes on Current Practice in the

preparation of EIS, Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) (2003) and the Guidelines for

Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, 3rd edition, Landscape Institute and Institute of

Environmental Management and Assessment (2013). A full reference list of guidelines and


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documents is contained in the Bibliography in this volume of the EIS and Table 11.1,

Appendix 11.1, Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS.

11.2.3 Evaluation Area for the EIS

16 The size of the evaluation area is based on conclusions from the Final Re-Evaluation Report

(April 2013) and a professional judgement on the nature of visibility over long distances. The

approach to identifying the size of the study area for the purposes of this EIS is as follows:

5km either side of alignment for general evaluation; and

Extension to 10km either side of the alignment for designated panoramic scenic views

that are at a higher elevation than the alignment.

11.2.4 Desktop Study and Site Survey

17 A desktop study was initially carried out to identify the landscape sensitivities within the CMSA

as described in the relevant county development plans and county landscape character

assessments.

18 Data available from the Irish Trails Office, Discover Ireland, Fáilte Ireland and the historic

garden survey as described in the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) was

taken into account, providing information about tourist attractions and various driving, walking

and cycling routes.

19 Site visits to public locations were carried out to confirm the nature and extent of the key

desktop identified landscape constraints and to ascertain the general characteristics of the

landscape through which the proposed line route passes. Site visits also determined the most

appropriate locations for photographs on which to base photomontages.

20 As part of the consultation process, Monaghan and Cavan County Councils requested

photomontages from specific locations.

11.2.5 Definitions of Terms Used in This Chapter

21 Landscape effects are defined as the result of physical changes to the fabric of the landscape

resulting from new development. Such physical changes may include the addition, alteration or

removal of structures or vegetation. Landscape effects can be temporary and include those

caused by temporary access routes, working areas, storage yard and construction traffic.

Landscape effects may be positive (beneficial), negative (adverse) or neutral (no overall change


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or a balance of positive and negative effects). Landscape effects were evaluated on the basis

of:

The capacity of the existing landscape to absorb the proposed development;

Effects on landscape character and physical features;

Proximity of sensitive viewpoints (e.g. scenic routes) and visual receptors; and

The heights and locations of the typical towers in relation to existing landscape scale.

22 Visual effects are closely related to landscape effects, but concern changes in views. Visual

assessment concerns people’s perception and response to visual amenity. Effects may result

from new elements located in the landscape that cause visual intrusion (i.e. interference with or

interruption of the view). Visual effects may be positive (beneficial), negative (adverse) or

neutral (no overall change or a balance of positive and negative effects). Visual effects were

evaluated taking account of:

The sensitivity of the receiving environment;

The visual contrast between the existing environment and the proposed development;

and

The extent of the areas over which these effects will be discernible.

23 A full set of definitions and criteria for assessment (including landscape value, capacity,

sensitivity, magnitude of change and significance of effects) is contained in Tables 11.2 - 11.10

Appendix 11.1, Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS.

24 For the purposes of this evaluation, landscape and visual effects resulting from the introduction

of an overhead electricity transmission line will normally be considered to be of an adverse

nature. The sensitivity of the landscape, the magnitude of change proposed and resulting

significance of effects will be evaluated in this chapter.

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11.2.7 ZTV (Zone of Theoretical Visibility) Mapping

28 Mapping the extent of the area from which a development is likely to be visible has many

names, which is symptomatic of its limitations. Originally known as a Visual Envelope Map

(VEM), then as a Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI), and more recently as a Zone of Theoretical

Visibility (ZTV), these changes in terminology reflect attempts to address frequent challenges

occasioned by the mapping. Therefore, as a theoretical methodology, ZTV prediction does not

take into account the effects of seasons, lighting, weather conditions or visibility over distance.

Moreover, a ZTV does not take account of the screening effects of vegetation or buildings and

can omit topographical variations of up to 10m. Thus, in reality, ZTV mapping’s principal use is

to identify viewing points for further analysis.

29 ZTV mapping has been prepared for this proposed development (Figures 11.7 - 11.10, Volume

3C Figures of the EIS). This was generated using the latest version of Key TERRA-FIRMA and

AutoCAD software packages. This mapping indicates areas from where the proposed

development is theoretically visible. It is important to note that the mapping does not indicate

areas from which the proposed development will be actually visible. The ZTV mapping should

therefore be used in conjunction with photomontages in order to ascertain the difference

between “theoretical and actual visibility”.

11.2.8 Photomontage Locations

30 The Landscape Institute (UK) in its Advice Note 01/11 Photography and Photomontage in

Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment published in 2011, on the subject states; “The

landscape professional should select a set of photographic viewpoints which are considered

representative of the range of likely effects, viewing experiences and viewpoints ensuring that

none are under or over represented.”

31 It is possible to prepare detailed and highly realistic images that illustrate the likely future

appearance of a development from a specific viewing point. These are useful for examining the

effects from a limited number of critical viewpoint positions. However, they contribute little to an

appraisal of the effects on the overall landscape within which an almost infinite number of

potential viewpoints exist. There is no meaningful way to illustrate every view within a

landscape. Instead, a representative sample of ‘worst case’ views are provided. These include

views from elevated areas, in very open landscape, where the alignment crosses higher

ground, or at close distances. Many other locations within the study area will not experience

any landscape or visual effects as a result of the proposed development.

32 Other photomontage locations are selected to illustrate the nature of visibility in the wider

landscape. As the views are representative of viewing conditions that are encountered, some


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of them may show vegetation, buildings or topography partially screening the proposed

development. Such conditions are normal and representative.

33 A significant limitation of visualisations is that the visual prominence of features in the

landscape is significantly affected by lighting conditions and weather. Thus, for example, all

views will appear different in various conditions of lighting, haze, weather and seasons. The

views provided in Volume 3C Figures of the EIS and shown at a smaller scales in this chapter

of the EIS, are representative but not comprehensive because in addition to there being an

almost infinite number of viewpoints, there are a very large set of combinations and

permutations of lighting conditions that could conceivably occur for every view. The Landscape

Institute (UK) Guidelines (2011) in its Advice Note 01/11 Photography and Photomontage in

Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment published in 2011, on the subject states; “they

(photomontages) are subject to the same inherent limitations as photographs, for example only

showing the scene as it would appear under the same conditions that prevailed when the

original photograph was captured.”

34 Therefore, at best, visualisations can represent a view from a particular location at a particular

time in particular weather conditions. There is no such thing as a fixed or single impact on the

appearance or character of the landscape.

35 Photomontages do not show the effects of temporary hedgerow removal at construction stage,

as this will be reinstated. The more permanent localised trimming or removal of taller

vegetation within falling distance of any part of any OHL support or conductor is also not

indicated.

36 The most effective use of photomontages is to view them in the field. The Landscape Institute

(UK) in its Advice Note 01/11 Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact

Assessments published in 2011, states “It is essential to recognise that two-dimensional

photographic images and photomontages alone cannot capture or reflect the complexity

underlying the visual experience, and should therefore be considered an approximation of the

three-dimensional visual experiences that an observer would receive in the field.”

37 A full-scale set of photomontages, with technical details, are contained in Volume 3C Figures

of the EIS. The detailed location and context of photomontage views are indicated on the

mapping in Figures 11.3 – 11.6, Volume 3C Figures of the EIS. All photomontage locations

are publicly accessible.


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Table 11.2: Full Set of Photomontages

Photomontage number

Direction of View

137 View southeast from the junction of local roads L3530 / L33101 & L7510 northeast of the ‘Battle of Clontibret’ site in the townland of Crossaghy

2 View southeast from local road L7502 in the townland of Coolartragh

3 View southwest from Crossbane Road in the townland of Crossbane, Northern Ireland

4 View southeast from local road L7511 across the townland of Tassan, located approximately 3km southeast of Clontibret

5 View west, southwest from local road L7503 in the townland of Lisdrumgormly

6 View west from local road L7631 (Scenic Road SV12) west of the Mullyash Mountains

7 View north, northeast from local road (former N2) in the townland of Cashel at junction with L7422

8 View northwest along the N2 - Castleblayney Bypass in the townland of Annagh (ED Cremorne By)

9 View southeast along the N2 - Castleblayney Bypass from a lay-by in the townland of Carrickanure

10 View east from local road L3420 across the townland of Cornamucklagh North, located approximately 4km south of Clontibret

11

View north, northeast from local road L7411 at a junction with an access track, across the townland of Drumroosk, passing Clarderry and Derryhallagh (Monaghan By), located approximately 3.5km northwest of Doohamlet

12 View west, southwest from local road L7411 in the townland of Drumroosk approximately 2.5km northwest of Doohamlet

13 View northwest from N2 Castleblayney Bypass roundabout in the townland of Lislanly

14 View southwest from local road L3700 (Scenic Road SV15) in the townland of Annyart - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 139 and 147)

15 View west from local road L3430 on the outskirts of Doohamlet - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 139 and 147)

16 View northeast from R183 at the junction with local road L7200 in the townland of Ballintra - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 139 and 147)

17

View southeast across Lough Major from car park along a local access road situated along the northern edge of the lake, south of the R183 - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 139 and 147)

18

View east from local road L3200 across the townland of Clogher, located approximately 4.5km southeast of Ballybay - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 139 and 147)

19 View west, northwest from local road L4221 (Scenic Road SV21) in the townland of

37 Note that Photomontages 41-77 relating to the Meath Study Area (MSA) of the overall proposed development are addressed in Chapter 11, Volume 3D of this EIS.


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Photomontage number

Direction of View

Lattonfasky partially overlooking Lough Egish - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 160 and 169)

20 View north from R180 north of the townland of Brackly (Cremorne By)

21 View east, southeast from Junction R180 / L4210 across the townland of Greagh (Cremorne By) and Tullynahinnera – Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between towers 160 and 169)

22

View south, southeast from local road L4210 across the townland of Lough Morne, located approximately 7km southeast of Ballybay - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 160 and 169)

23 View southeast from local hill (Waterworks Reservoir) in the townland of Kilkit - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 160 and 169)

24 View south from local road L7113 across Lough Morne - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 160 and 169)

25

View southwest from R181 at the entrance of a graveyard in the vicinity of Aghmakerr townland - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 160 and 169). Please note also that names on gravestones have been blurred in order to preserve the anonymity of the grave.

26 View south, southeast from local road L40431 (Scenic Route SV 22) located in the townland of Tooa, located approximately 7km northeast of Shercock

27 View southeast from local road L40431 (Scenic Viewpoint 22) in the townland of Tullyglass

28 View east, southeast from Ouvry Cross Roads, located approximately 3.5km northeast of Shercock

29 View north, northwest from local road L4031 at the northern boundary of Corduff, located approximately 5.5km northeast of Shercock

30 View west, southwest from R178 at road junction with local road L4020 in the townland of Corvally (Farney By) - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 196 and 203)

31 View east from R178 approximately 2.5km east of Shercock, en Route to Carrickmacross - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 196 and 203)

32

View southwest from local road L49051 across the townland of Raferagh, located approximately 4.5km east of Shercock - Please note this photomontage includes bird flight diverters attached to both earthwires (Section between Towers 196 and 203)

33 View southeast from R162 at the cross roads with L7554 and L7553 in the townland of Taghart North or Closnabraddan

34 View north, northwest from local road L49033 in the vicinity of Lavagilduff townland, located approximately 6km southeast of Shercock and east of the R162

35 View northwest from R162 at cross roads with local road L8920 between the townland of Drumiller and Lavagilduff

36 View northwest from R162 at elevated ground between the townland of Tullybrick and Drumbrackan

37 View northwest from R165 at junction with local road L3526, northwest and outside of Kingscourt

38 View northwest from R165 at junction with local road L3532 in the townland of


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Photomontage number

Direction of View

Cornaman, east of Muff Lough

39 View west from local road L7567 near the site of the Fair of Muff

40 View southeast from local road L3531 southeast in the townland of Moyer

41 View east from picnic area beside local road L7567 near scenic view point (SV8) Lough an Leagh Gap

42 View east from local road L3533 in the townland of Drumbar (ED Enniskeen) east of Moyhill Bridge

11.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

38 It is proposed to introduce large structures into the rural landscape along the length of the line

route. These structures are similar in design to other existing high voltage electricity

infrastructure in Ireland. The towers and associated infrastructure have the potential to impact

on landscape character and visual amenity, particularly where the following factors occur:

A large number of towers are visible from a single viewing point;

The OHL crosses or is in close proximity to a scenic route;

The OHL crosses a national or regional road;

The OHL is visible along a wide expanse of open countryside of a dominantly natural

character;

The OHL crosses a skyline ridge;

The OHL is in close proximity to a river or lake at a point where there is visibility from

public roads; or

The OHL crosses a visually conspicuous upland area.

11.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

11.4.1 Landscape Context and Character

39 The study area for this appraisal forms part of the extensive farmed drumlin belt which stretches

east-west across the island of Ireland. The long history of human habitation and agriculture is

reflected in a complex pattern of hedgerows and fields which form part of the story of human

influence in counties Monaghan and Cavan which also includes widespread rural housing

development, farm and commercial buildings, a dense road network and existing utilities

infrastructure. Main roads including the N2, R162, R180, R178 and R165 and local roads tend

to follow the lower parts of the landscape and travel in a north-west–south-east direction


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following the general orientation of the varying sized bands of drumlins. Other regional roads

also form part of the transport network linking the main towns of Castleblayney,

Carrickmacross, Kingscourt, Ballybay and Shercock. The area includes some uplands which

tend to be more sparsely populated and have in some areas been planted with commercial

forestry. Low-lying areas tend to be poorly drained and often contain scrub vegetation and

lakes. Buildings tend to be located in the lower parts of drumlins and along roads where views

are more enclosed. Expansive views over rolling topography are possible from the higher parts

of drumlins. The southern part of Monaghan is more open and exposed with a less hilly and

more rolling landform. The part of County Cavan within the study area forms part of this rolling

landform and further west is defined by the rising ground of Cornassaus which commands

expansive panoramic views. The characteristic landscape features of the study area are the

ridgelines and pattern of drumlins, the views from elevated areas and the lakes which occur in

the lower lying areas.

11.4.1.1 Monaghan Landscape Character Assessment (MLCA) and Cavan Landscape Categorisation

40 The MLCA was adopted in June 2008 as a variation to the Monaghan CDP 2013-2019 and

subsequently incorporated into the current plan covering 2013-2019. The MLCA provides a

description of the landscapes in County Monaghan.

41 A table summarising the general recommendations of the Monaghan County Landscape

Character Assessment is contained in Tables 11.11 and 11.12, Appendix 11.1, Volume 3C

Appendices of the EIS.

42 The Cavan CDP 2014 - 2020 has undertaken a categorisation of Cavan’s landscape, but the

identified categories may form part of a future landscape character assessment. The

categories have been chosen due to their physical characteristics and geomorphological

features which make them distinctive in the County. The categories subdivide Cavan’s

landscapes into 5 Character Areas. The line route passes through Area 5 - East Cavan

Highlands.

43 The county level assessment carried out by Monaghan and Cavan County Councils provides

guidance to the more project-specific landscape assessment set out in this chapter. A Draft

National Landscape Strategy for Ireland 2014-2024 was issued by the Department of Arts,

Heritage and the Gaeltacht for consultation in July 2014. The implementation of the current

draft strategy would include a new National Landscape Character Map and new statutory

guidelines on local Landscape Character Assessment.


11-13

44 The location of the proposed development in relation to landscape character areas and types as

set out in the Cavan and Monaghan CDP’s is indicated in Figures 11.1 and 11.2, Volume 3C

Figures of the EIS.

11.4.2 Landscape Value

45 The criteria for the assessment of landscape value are set out in Table 11.2–11.10, Appendix

11.1, Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS. The factors that feed into a determination of

landscape value are set out below, as well as in Section 11.4.3 which describes the landscape

value of each unit.-

46 The MLCA has recognised particular parts of the landscape as being of significant value –

particularly the Mullyash Uplands and Ballybay Castleblayney Lakelands. The Cavan CDPs,

past and present, have recognised the uplands of Cornassaus as being of value. Designated

scenic views, amenity areas and walking routes are also recognised as being of value. Other

recreation routes are promoted by the Irish Trails Office and a series of historic designed

landscapes have been recorded in the NIAH.

11.4.2.1 Monaghan County Development Plan 2013-2019

47 It is Monaghan Council Council’s policy that any new developments should have regard to the

Landscape Character Assessment of 2008 (LCA). Policy LPP 1 of the Monaghan CDP 2013-

2019 aims to “ensure the preservation and uniqueness of the county’s landscape by having

regard to the character, value and sensitivity of landscape as identified in the County Monaghan

Landscape Character Assessment.”

11.4.2.2 Areas of Primary and Secondary Amenity

48 The Monaghan CDP recognises areas of Primary and Secondary Amenity Value and identifies

views from scenic routes. The majority of these views are associated with views of lakes or

views from upland areas. These are indicated in Figures 11.3 - 11.6, Volume 3C Figures of

the EIS and listed in Table 11.13, Appendix 11.1, Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS.

49 The closest Area of Primary Amenity Value to the proposed development is Lough Muckno and

Environs, which is located approximately 6.6km to the east of the line route.

50 The closest Area of Secondary Amenity Value to the proposed development is Lough Major and

Environs, which is located approximately 2.3km to the west of the line route.


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11.4.2.3 Views from Scenic Routes

51 The closest recognised scenic views to the proposed development are SV22 (at a distance of

approximately 0.7km) and SV21 (at a distance of approximately 1.9km). A full list of scenic

views in the study area is provided in Table 11.14, Appendix 11.1, Volume 3C Appendices of

the EIS and their locations are shown on Figures 11.3 - 11.6, Volume 3C Figures of the EIS.

11.4.2.4 Cavan County Development Plan 2014 - 2020

52 The landscape features recognised by the Cavan CDP are listed in Table 11.15, Appendix

11.1, Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS and their locations are shown on Figures 11.3-11.6,

Volume 3C Figures of the EIS.

53 The closest designated landscape features to the proposed development are Lough an Leagh

Mountain located approximately 2.1km and Dun a Rí Forest Park located approximately 3.8km

from the proposed development.

11.4.2.5 Key Waymarked Paths

54 The Monaghan Way is a waymarked walking route (of approximately 64km length) that runs

from Monaghan Town in the north-east of the county to Inniskeen in the south-east. It passes

through many different landscapes and is of local and regional amenity. It runs parallel to the

proposed line route for approximately 2km at a distance of between 0 – 400m and crosses the

alignment once. The Monaghan Way is considered the main tourism asset in the vicinity of the

proposed development.

11.4.2.6 Historic Designed Landscapes

55 A number of Historic Designed Landscapes listed within the NIAH fall within the 5km of the

proposed line route. These are set out in Table 11.16, Appendix 11.1, Volume 3C

Appendices of the EIS along with a description of their condition. Their locations are shown on

Figures 11.3 - 11.6, Volume 3C Figures of the EIS.

56 The closest historic designed landscapes to the line route with “main features substantially

present” are Shantonagh House (which the line route crosses), Lakelands at a distance of

approximately 1.4km and Ballybay House at a distance of approximately 1.8km.

11.4.2.7 Natural Heritage Areas and Areas of Special Scientific Interest

57 While Natural Heritage Areas (NHA) and Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) designations

relate to ecological importance, their amenity potential is a factor in warranting evaluation in

terms of visual and landscape effects (refer to Chapter 6 of this volume of the EIS). The


11-15

ecological designations within 5km of the proposed development are listed in Table 11.17

Appendix 11.1, Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS and their locations indicated on Figures

11.3 - 11.6, Volume 3C Figures of the EIS.

58 The closest are Tassan Lough which is located approximately 0.3km from the line, Lough Egish

pNHA located approximately 0.6km, and Cordoo Lough located approximately 1.3km from the

line.

North-Sout

11.4.3 D

11.4.3.1

View 1

site

View 3

View 8

th 400 kV Interc

Detailed De

Detailed D

from the L35

from Crossb

along the N

connection Deve

escription

Description o

530 at ‘Battle

bane Road, A

2 at Annagh

elopment

of the Lan

of Landscap

e of Clontibre

Armagh

(Cremorne

11-16

dscape Un

pe Unit A – M

et’

View

View

By) View

nits

Mullyash Up

w 2 from the

w 5 from the

w 10 from L3

Envi

plands (refe

e L7502 at Co

L7503 at Lis

3420 at Corn

ronmental Impa

r to Table 1

oolartragh

sdrumgormly

namucklagh N


1.1)

y

North


11-17

Description

This unit falls within the North Monaghan Drumlin Belt. It is a highly varied landscape of small hedge enclosed

fields draped over small drumlins. The lands rise to a flatter plateau as one moves north. This is an inhabited,

man-altered landscape that contains many small farm holdings and associated roads, sheds, phone and

powerlines. There is a pronounced north-west to south-east diagonal pattern to roads, following the orientation

of the underlying glacial deposits.

Value – Moderate / High Capacity – Low / Moderate

Sensitivity – Moderate / high

Mullyash Mountain, an Area of

Secondary Amenity Value, lies

within this Landscape Unit;

approximately 6.4km from the line

route.

There are a number of scenic

viewpoints within this unit; SV12,

SV13 and SV14 are located

approximately 6 - 7.5km to the east

of the line route on the slopes of

Mullyash. SV11 is a view

northwards at Tullybrack


route. The Monaghan Way is

broadly parallel to the route at

between 0 to approximately 400m

for approximately 2km and passes

under the proposed development at

Lemgare Rocks.

This unit contains the site of the

Battle of Clontibret, a nationally

significant historic site that lies

approximately 1.2km east of the

eponymous village.

While some visual enclosure is

provided by the drumlin landscape,

any towers on the upper parts of

drumlins have the potential to be

more visible.

The plateau landscape creates

opportunities for views out from the

edge of the landform over the lower

lying landscape to the south. The

nature of the plateau topography

also limits long range views when

the viewer is away from the slopes.

The more scenic areas on the

eastern side of Mullyash Mountain

have been avoided; however, the

upland nature of parts of the

landscape means that the capacity

of the landscape to absorb a

development such as a transmission

line is low/ moderate.

The character of the landscape is

more built up as one moves south

towards the N2, and there is more

capacity in these locations to absorb

new development.

The alignment crosses the N2

approximately 2km north of the small

settlement at Annayalla at an open

part of the landscape.

The Mullyash Uplands wider

Landscape Character Area is

assigned a high sensitivity in the

MLCA. This includes the area of

Mullyash to the east as well as the

drumlin and upland flat areas

through which the line route

passes.

Due to the potential for open

visibility, the edges of the plateau

like areas would be more sensitive

to development.

The small valley in the northern

most part of this study area is

most visible in views from the

north-east and part of the

Monaghan Way. The scale and

enclosure of this landscape

feature would render it sensitive to

new development.

As the line route is located away

from the key sensitive area

around Mullyash Mountain, the

sensitivity of the part of the

landscape through which the

proposed line route passes is

considered moderate / high.

North-Sout

11.4.3.2

View 1

View 1

View 12

th 400 kV Interc

Detailed D11.1)

0, from the L

1, across the

2, across Dr

connection Deve

Description o

L3420 at Cor

e townlands

umroosk tow

elopment

of Landscap

rnamucklagh

of Dunfelimy

wnland

11-18

pe Unit B –

North

y and Clarde

Monaghan

rry

Envi

Drumlin Up

ronmental Impa

plands (refe


er to Table


11-19

Description

This unit falls within the North Monaghan Drumlin Belt. It is a landscape of small hedgerow enclosed fields

draped over small drumlins and a number of small lakes which are located in the vicinity of the line route. This is

an inhabited, man-altered landscape that contains small farm holdings and associated roads, sheds and existing

110 kV transmission line.

Value - Moderate Capacity – Moderate

Sensitivity – Moderate

The landscape includes elevated

upland drumlin areas and lowland

loughs interspersed with marshland

and pasture farmland.

A pNHA is located at Cordoo

Lough to the west of the line route.

This Landscape Unit contains a

Scenic Viewpoint, SV9, located


route and looking to the north-east,

and away from the proposed

development.

The upper parts of drumlins have

less capacity to absorb the visual

effects of a transmission line than

the lower parts. The undulating

nature of the landscape generally

restricts the possibility for long

distance views, except for where

elevated viewpoints are possible.

There are local variations in

sensitivity, primarily dependent on

proximity to lakes and elevation.

The open character of the

landscape in some areas would

result in potential wider visibility of

towers, and these areas are more

sensitive than areas enclosed by

topography.

North-Sout

11.4.3.3

View 1

View 1

View 1

th 400 kV Interc

Detailed DTable 11.1

15 from the L

16 from the R

17 from Loug

connection Deve

Description o)

L3430 on the

R183 in the to

gh Major, Bal

elopment

of Landscap

e outskirts of

ownland of B

llybay

11-20

pe Unit C –

Doohamlet

Ballintra

Ballybay C

Envi

astleblayne

ronmental Impa

ey Lakelands


s (refer to


11-21

Description

This man-altered landscape is defined by undulating drumlin pasture with some relatively low lying areas to the

east and west of the proposed development. The village of Doohamlet is located within 2km of the line route.

The drumlins in this unit are more pronounced which create highly enclosed landscapes. More open views are

possible from elevated parts of the landscape such as at Cornahoe, although roads tend to follow the lower

parts.

Value - Moderate Capacity – Moderate

Sensitivity - Moderate

While falling within the Ballybay

Castleblayney Lakelands LCA, this

part of the line route is relatively far

from any of the major lakes such as

Lough Muckno, located

approximately 6km to the east or

Ballybay lake 3km to the west.

There are, however, a number of

smaller lakes in the immediate

vicinity of the line route, the closest

being Tonyscallan or Dernaglug

Lough close to Doohamlet, located

approximately 1km to the east of

the line route. Views from lake

environs are important and

recognised as such in the MLCA.









Views from the environs of lakes

are sensitive as are views from

and towards the more elevated

parts of drumlins. Views from

Doohamlet into the wider

landscape are sensitive as well as

the context of Tonyscallan or

Dernaglug Lough.

The R183 runs perpendicular to

the line route.

North-Sout

11.4.3.4

View 24

View 28

th 400 kV Interc

Detailed DMonaghan

from L7113

from Ouvry

connection Deve

Description n (refer to Ta

across Loug

Cross Road

elopment

of Landscaable 11.1)

gh Morne

s

11-22

ape Unit D

View 18 f

View 20 f

View 21 f

(Cremorn

View 26 f

View 31 f

– Drumlin

from the L32

from the R18

from junction

ne By) and Tu

from the L40

from the R17

Envi

and Upland

200 at Cloghe

80 at Brackly

n R180 / L42

ullynahinnera

0431(Scenic

78, 2.5km ea

ronmental Impa

d Farmland

er

y (Cremorne

10 at Greagh

a

Route) at To

ast of Sherco


of South

By)

h

ooa

ock


11-23

Description

This man-altered landscape extends from Castleblayney to the border with Cavan. The northern part of this

landscape unit consists of broad shallow valleys which are more open than the more enclosed and complex

landscape created by the larger than average drumlins and lakes further south in the unit. Three regional roads are

crossed perpendicularly (R178, R180 and R181).

Value/Value – Moderate Capacity – Moderate

Sensitivity - Moderate

The landscape pattern of broad

valleys and extensive areas of larger

than average drumlins, with a strong

hedgerow network includes roads,

houses and existing electricity lines.

There are a number of scenic

viewpoints within this Landscape

Unit, SV21 – a distance of 1.9km

(view of Lough Egish looking in the

direction of the line route) and SV22

at a distance of 0.7km (a view from

a scenic drive at Beagh,

Shantonagh and Corlat). SV23 is a

view towards Lough Bawn and

County Cavan in the direction of the

proposed development at a distance

of approximately 3.8km.

Lough Egish which lies to the south

of the unit is an important scenic,

ecological and historic resource in

the county.









The drumlins and vegetation

become more dense east of

Shercock with curtailed long

distance visibility.

The most sensitive areas are the

locations on the upper parts of

drumlins which afford views over the

landscape and the vicinity of lakes.

Vegetation in many areas provides

screening over distances.

There are a number of small lakes

within 1km of the line route and the

setting of these lakes is sensitive to

change.

North-Sout

11.4.3.5

View 35

View 39

View 42

th 400 kV Interc

Detailed D11.1)

from cross r

from L7567

from the L35

connection Deve

Description

roads R162 /

near the site

533 at Drum

elopment

of Landsca

/ L8920 at D

e of the Fair

bar (Eniskee

11-24

ape Unit E

rumiller

of Muff

en By)

– Highlands

View 37 fro

of Kingscou

View 41 fro

Envi

s of East C

om junction R

urt

om Lough an

ronmental Impa

Cavan (refer

R165 / L3526

n Leagh Gap


r to Table

6 outside


11-25

Description

This unit includes two distinct landscape types - the low lying drumlins of the most eastern part of Cavan and the

uplands of Lough an Leagh Mountain. Views tend to be enclosed within the drumlin landscape, but any elevated

positions provide panoramic views. Both the lowlands and the mountain are man-altered and contain agricultural

patterns, a network of roads, houses and telecommunications and electricity infrastructure.

Value – Moderate / High Capacity – Moderate Sensitivity – Moderate/high

This unit includes the environs of

Kingscourt and Lough an Leagh

Mountain. The line route passes to

the east of an area of designated

landscape sensitivity in the current

Cavan CDP. This man-made

landscape contains an existing 220

kV line and more dense suburban

type development closer to outskirts

of Kingscourt.

A protected viewpoint, SV8, is

located 2.1km to the north at Lough

an Leagh Gap which is also

designated as a High Landscape

Value Area. A picnic area and

information board have been located

further down the slopes of the

mountain along the local road and a

looped walking route leaves from

here and passes the existing

telecommunications towers on the

mountain. The panoramic view from

the top of the mountain takes in three

windfarms to the west and the man-

altered inhabited landscape of the

lowlands.

Dun a Rí Forest Park is located to the

east of Kingscourt approximately

3.8km distance from the line route.

The site of the Fair of Muff is located

within this Landscape Unit and a

commemorative sculpture has been

erected near the fair site.

This part of County Cavan has

moderate potential capacity to

absorb the landscape and visual

effects of a transmission line.

Topographic variation in this unit is

more influenced by underlying

bedrock geology – which produces

less steep slopes and larger areas

of visual enclosure. On the other

hand there are more areas of taller

vegetation in this unit which

produces a corresponding increase

in visual screening by mature

vegetation.

The parts of the 5km study area

within County Cavan are of

moderate to high sensitivity.

Views from the most elevated

parts of the landscape unit at

Lough an Leagh Mountain are

sensitive, although current views

include existing electricity and

telecommunications infrastructure.

The location of the long-standing

annual Fair of Muff is also

sensitive as it attracts large

numbers of people and has

cultural connections with the wider

landscape.


11-26

11.4.4 Summary Landscape Value

59 Criteria for the determination of landscape value are set out in Table 11.2, Appendix 11.3

Volume 3D Appendices of the EIS. Landscape value is determined by landscape quality /

condition, scenic quality, rarity, representativeness, conservation interests, recreation value,

perceptual aspects and associations. The landscape units of highest landscape value are: A

(Mullyash Uplands) and E (Highlands of East Cavan) due to their upland nature, relative rarity

and recreation use. The landscape features of most value, as defined in this EIS, within each

landscape unit, have been described in Section 11.4.3.

11.4.5 Summary – Landscape Capacity

60 Criteria for the determination of landscape capacity are set out in Table 11.3, Appendix 11.1,

Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS.

61 An undulating landscape generally has the capacity to absorb the visual effects of a

transmission line where the effects are localised within the small scale landscapes between

drumlins. However, in locations where the line crosses higher ground, in order to minimise

direction changes, or avoid identified constraints (lakes, recreational sites etc.), the potential for

wider visual effects increase.

11.4.6 Summary – Sensitivity of the Landscape

62 The criteria for the determination of landscape and visual sensitivity are contained in Tables

11.4 and 11.5, Appendix 11.1, Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS.

63 The most sensitive areas are located in Sections A (Mullyash Uplands) and E (Highlands of

East Cavan). The other landscape units are generally of moderate sensitivity with pockets of

higher sensitivity in the vicinity of lakes, where views are available from higher ground and

where the general drumlin landscape opens up to allow for wider views into the landscape. The

scale of the proposed development has, however, the potential to cause significant alteration to

the landscape character of areas in the near vicinity of the alignment most noticeably at

distances of up to 600 - 800m from the alignment.

64 The highest visual sensitivity occurs where the changed landscape is an important element in

the view, this generally occurs in views from residential properties, areas of settlement and

viewpoints within valued or sensitive landscapes.

65 The Final Re-evaluation Report (April 2013) appraised the general capacity of the landscape in

a wider context in order to avoid the areas of least capacity to absorb a transmission line. The

preferred line route that emerged from this study and which is the subject of this evaluation,


11-27

traverses areas that generally have a higher capacity to absorb the transmission line within

counties Cavan and Monaghan.

Table 11.3: Summary of Landscape Capacity and Sensitivity

Landscape Unit

Towers Landscape Value

Landscape Capacity to absorb the proposed

development

Landscape Sensitivity to the proposed

development

A Mullyash Uplands

Tower 103 to 128

Moderate / High

Low / Moderate Moderate / High

B Monaghan Drumlin Uplands

Towers 129 to 136

Moderate Moderate Moderate

C Ballybay Castleblayney Lakelands

Towers 137 to 142


D Drumlin and Upland Farmland of South Monaghan

Towers 143 to 211


E Highlands of East Cavan

Towers 212 to 239

Moderate / High

Moderate Moderate / High

11.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS

11.5.1 Do Nothing

66 In this scenario there will be no changes to the landscape, it will continue to change and evolve

as a result of other factors.

11.5.2 Construction Phase

67 Chapter 7 Volume 3B of the EIS details the approach to construction and the timescales

involved in the various stages.

68 The potential landscape and visual effects arising at construction stage will occur due to the

removal of vegetation, visible construction machinery, temporary access routes of

approximately 4m width, a construction material storage yard, guarding positions (where the

conductor is to be strung over roads and rivers and existing distribution lines) and increases in

vehicular movements. The visual effects of the construction of the towers will be temporary and

locally significant as most construction occurs as isolated areas of activity which are limited in

size. The landscape and visual impact of traffic movements will have a more widespread effect.


11-28

69 The nature of temporary access routes is described in detail in Chapter 7, Volume 3B of the

EIS. This will result in localised and generally temporary landscape changes to the surface of

fields and removal of hedgerow and tree vegetation but have little effect on the wider

landscape.

70 The highest physical landscape effects will occur at construction stage. The removal of

vegetation is described in detail in Chapter 6 in this EIS. The potential effects on soil are

described in detail Section 11.5.4.6 and in Chapter 7 of this volume of the EIS. The removal of

vegetation and in particular of mature trees where required will have locally significant physical

landscape effects. Trees adjacent to the towers or conductors with the potential to fall on the

conductors will be cut back to ensure safety clearances. The nature of long term impact will

depend on the success of vegetation reinstatement. Potential landscape impacts of soil

compaction include failure of vegetation reinstatement and long term ruts.

11.5.2.1 Changes to Existing 110kV Overhead Line Infrastructure

Between Towers 130 and 131

71 An existing 110 kV poleset which is 17.7m in height above ground level will be replaced by a

lower one of 11.7m. It is also proposed to erect two new polesets in the existing spans either

side of the 400 kV crossing that will be 15.7m and 13.7m in height above ground level

respectively. During construction, excavations of approximately 2.3m depth and approximately

0.5m width will be made at each pole.

72 The receiving landscape character in this location is sensitive due to the proximity to a number

of lakes and the potential for cumulative impact arising from existing and proposed electricity

infrastructure has been identified in the EIS. There will be short term visual impacts locally

during the construction period arising from the movements of people, materials and machinery.

The physical landscape effects are not significant considering the relatively small excavations

required and bearing in mind that no hedgerows will be affected. The reduction in size of one

poleset is a positive impact, but the addition of two new polesets will slightly increase the

cumulative landscape impacts arising from transmission infrastructure locally.

73 One of the new polesets is likely to be partly and distantly visible from the local road to the

northwest of the line route, however given the distance from public viewpoints and the current

existence of polesets in the landscape the additional visual impact is not significant.

Between Towers 180 and 181

74 An existing 110 kV poleset which is 19.7m in height above ground level is to be replaced by a

new lower poleset 18.7m in height above ground level. An existing tower which is 19.6m in


11-29

height above ground level will be replaced with a new lower poleset which is 18.7m in height

above ground level. During construction, excavations of approximately 2.3m depth and

approximately 0.5m width will be made at each pole.

75 There will be short term visual impacts locally during the construction period arising from

excavation and the movements of people, materials and machinery. After the construction

period the reduction in height of the polesets will have a very slightly, and generally

imperceptible, positive impact on landscape character locally.

11.5.3 Operational Phase

11.5.3.1 Introduction

76 This section describes the potential landscape and visual effects of the proposed development

in the CMSA. As set out in the previous section of this chapter, the landscape within the study

area is generally robust and has proven to be capable of undergoing change without altering its

underlying landscape character. The previous section has also identified the more sensitive

locations and features within the study area, which would suggest that the highest landscape

and visual effects will occur where:

Towers are viewed in close proximity with no intervening screening;

Towers are located on top of drumlins;

Towers are located close to lakes; and

Towers are located close to scenic or in panoramic view points.

77 This section uses photomontages as a tool to assist in the description of potential effects. In

order to provide an overview of the nature of visibility at various distances, Section 11.5.3

contains a selection of representative photomontages. These illustrate the nature of visibility in

typical landscapes crossed by the alignment. The nature of visibility is shown at distances of up

to 500m, 500m - 1km, 1 - 1.5km, and beyond 1.5km. The effects on scenic viewpoints within

2km of the alignment are also shown.

78 Section 11.5.3 follows with a detailed description of the landscape and visual effects within

each landscape unit supported by a series of reduced scale photomontages for illustrative

purposes.

79 A full-scale set of photomontages are contained in Volume 3C Figures of the EIS and the

detailed location and context of photomontage views are indicated on the mapping in Figures


11-30

11.3 – 11.6, Volume 3C Figures of the EIS. All photomontage locations are publically

accessible.

11.5.3.2 Key Representative Photomontages

80 The area through which the proposed line route passes is widely inhabited, with many houses

and farms located along a dense road and hedgerow network. Hedgerows and drumlins

provide screening of OHL in many areas. Due to the inhabited character of the landscape,

visual receptors are spread throughout the study area. However, it is not possible or warranted

to assess or represent visually all potential viewpoints, and therefore this section sets out the

nature of visibility at various distances: up to 500m, 500m - 1km, 1 - 1.5km, beyond 1.5km as

well as the effects on scenic viewpoints within 2km of the alignment. These represent the most

open and ‘worst case’ views of the proposed development at these types of distances.

81 Some of these representative views are only possible from extremely localised viewing points,

but they are provided to offer an indication of the maximum potential effect. There will generally

be less effect on the appearance and character of the landscape when seen from other areas

within the study area.

82 The photomontages presented in this section are at a reduced scale for illustrative purposes.

Full scale photomontages and wireframes are contained in Volume 3C Figures of the EIS.

The best way to use the photomontages as a tool is to view them in the field, in the location

where the photograph was taken.

11.5.3.3 Viewing Distances of up to 500m

83 The following reduced scale photomontages represent a range of ‘worst case’ open viewing

experiences within 500m of the proposed development. Full scale versions of these

photomontages and accompanying wireframes and technical details are included in Volume 3C

Figures of the EIS.

84 Towers are dominant in close views where there is no intervening vegetation or topography,

where there are gaps or lower than average roadside vegetation. Even at close distance,

vegetation and topography can reduce the visibility or visible extent of towers from specific

viewing locations. The nature of visibility changes when the towers are viewed against the sky

or the land. In general terms, the visual impact is greatest when the transmission line is seen

silhouetted against the sky and least when seen against a dark, visually complex background –

such as trees or vegetated hills.

North-Sout

Photomo

towers ar

Photomo

west of D

at close d

Photomo

Tullynahin

against th

th 400 kV Interc

ontage 8 from

re visible again

ontage 11 fro

Doohamlet, at

distance again

ontage 21 fro

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m an open sect

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a distance of

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approximately

from a local r

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ximately 336m

a national road

11-31

, at a distance

xt of a nationa

L7411 in the t

y 224m. This

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80 and L421

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North-Sout

Photomo

an open v

road.

Photomo

215m. Th

Photomo

This repre

11.5.3.4

85 T

e

o

3

th 400 kV Interc

ontage 31 from

view where fiv

ontage 39 from

his represents

ontage 44 fro

esents an ope

Viewing D

The followin

experiences

of these pho

3C Figures

connection Deve

m the R178, 2

ve towers are

m an open sec

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g reduced s

of between

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elopment

2.5km east of

partly visible

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w where two to

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two towers ar

500m - 1km

scale photom

500m and 1k

s and accom

11-32

f Shercock at

against the s

7 at the locatio

owers are visib

the R164 at C

re visible agai

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montages re

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a distance of

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approximately

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North-Sout

86 T

v

c

Photomo

represent

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Photomo

where fou

screened

Photomo

an open v

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Towers are

vegetation,

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ontage 12 fro

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by topograph

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by topograph

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11-33

context of a

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e more ap

ewing point i

wnland at a d

andscape of d

by topography

approximately

nd in the cont

a distance of

umlins. Two to

Envi

scape. The

pparent. T

s elevated.

istance of ap

dense drumlin

.

y 690m. This

text of a region

approximatel

owers are part

ronmental Impa

e screening

he towers

pproximately 6

ns. Six tower

represents an

nal road, a fur

y 631m. This

tly visible, a fu


effects of

are more

603m. This

rs are partly

n open view

rther two are

s represents

urther one is

North-Sout

Photomo

from a loc

by topogr

Photomo

This repr

partially v

Photomo

represent

Photomo

represent

the white

th 400 kV Interc

ontage 28 from

cation betwee

raphy.

ontage 30 fro

resents an op

visible, and a f

ontage 32 fro

ts an open vie

ontage 35 fro

ts an open vie

building in the

connection Deve

m Ouvry Cros

en drumlins. T

m the R178 i

pen view in a

further three a

om the L4905

ew in a low dru

om the R162

ew in a drumli

e centre left, w

elopment

ss Roads, at a

Three towers

n the townlan

drumlin lands

are screened b

51 in the town

umlin landscap

at the cross

in landscape

while three oth

11-34

a distance of a

are partly visi

nd of Corvally

scape in the

by topography

nland of Rafe

pe. Two towe

roads with th

in the context

hers are scree

approximately

ble, travelling

(Farney By),

context of a

y or vegetation

eragh, at a d

ers are visible

he L8920 a d

t of a regional

ned by topogr

Envi

y 610m. This

into the dista

at a distance

regional road

n.

istance of ap

against the sk

istance of ap

road. One to

raphy or veget

ronmental Impa

represents an

ance, others a

e of approxim

d. One tower

pproximately 5

kyline.

pproximately 9

ower is partly

tation.


n open view

re screened

ately 942m.

r is distantly

578m. This

924m. This

visible over

North-Sout

11.5.3.5

87 T

e

p

F

88 I

v

v

Photomo

represent

remainde

Photomo

This repre

distantly v

th 400 kV Interc

Viewing D

The followin

experiences

photomontag

Figures of th

It becomes d

visible at this

very flat grou

ontage 4 from

ts an open v

er are screene

ontage 22 fro

esents an ope

visible, others

connection Deve

istances of

g reduced s

at 1-1.5km

ges and ac

he EIS.

difficult to dis

s distance. T

und where th

m the L7511 a

iew over a re

d by relatively

m the L4210

en view from a

are screened

elopment

1 - 1.5km

scale photom

m from the

companying

scern the tow

Towers are s

here is a gap

across the tow

elatively flat l

y low roadside

across the to

an elevated lo

d by topograph

11-35

montages re

proposed d

wireframes

wers in the la

still distantly

in intervenin

wnland of Tas

landscape. F

hedgerow.

ownland of Lo

ocation over a

hy.

present a ra

development

s and techn

andscape, an

visible if see

ng vegetation

ssan, at a dis

Four towers a

ugh Morne, a

a landscape o

Envi

ange of ‘wor

t. For full s

ical details,

nd in most ca

en traversing

n.

stance of app

are partly vis

at a distance o

f drumlins. F

ronmental Impa

rst case’ ope

scale versio

refer to Vo

ases the towe

g higher grou

roximately 1.3

ible in the di

of approximat

ive towers are


en viewing

ons of the

olume 3C

ers are not

und or over

31km. This

istance, the

ely 1.29km.

e partly and

North-Sout

Photomo

represent

are scree

11.5.3.6

89 T

t

90 I

d

Photomo

approxim

th 400 kV Interc

ontage 29 from

ts an open vie

ened by vegeta

Viewing D

The following

than 1.5km f

It is not nor

distance unle

ontage 1 from

ately 2.69km.

connection Deve

m the L4031 a

ew from a sligh

ation and topo

istances of

g reduced sc

from the prop

rmally possib

ess they are

m the junction

No towers ar

elopment

at the northern

htly elevated l

ography.

Greater tha

cale photom

posed develo

ble to distin

seen agains

of the L3530,

re visible due

11-36

n boundary of

location with w

an 1.5km

montages rep

opment.

guish the to

st the sky in c

, L33101 & L7

to the screeni

Corduff, at a

winter vegetat

present a ran

owers from t

clear weathe

7510 in the to

ing effects of v

Envi

distance of ap

tion. One tow

nge of viewin

the surround

er conditions

ownland of Cro

vegetation.

ronmental Impa

pproximately 1

wer is partly vis

ng experienc

ding landsca

.

ossaghy, at a


1.1km. This

sible, others

ces greater

ape at this

a distance of

North-Sout

Photomo

represent

two are sc

Photomo

view acro

topograph

Photomo

3.32km.

viewed ag

th 400 kV Interc

ontage 15 fro

ts an open vie

creened by to

ontage 17 from

oss a lake w

hy or vegetatio

ontage 23 from

This represen

gainst the land

connection Deve

om the L3430

ew towards dru

opography or v

m Lough Majo

here three to

on.

m a local hill (

nts an open vi

d.

elopment

in the outski

umlins on the

vegetation.

or, Ballybay, a

owers are par

(Waterworks R

iew from an e

11-37

irts of Dooham

horizon. Thr

at a distance

rtly visible in

Reservoir) in t

elevated locati

mlet, at a dis

ee towers are

of approxima

the distance

the townland o

on. No tower

Envi

stance of app

e partly visible

tely 2.86km.

. A further t

of Kilkit, at a d

rs are discern

ronmental Impa

roximately 1.5

in the distanc

This represen

thirteen are s

distance of ap

ible at this dis


57km. This

ce. A further

nts an open

screened by

pproximately

stance when

North-Sout

Photomo

view in a

screened

Photomo

approxim

are theore

th 400 kV Interc

ontage 33 from

a drumlin land

by topograph

ontage 40 from

ately 1.42km.

etically visible

connection Deve

m the R162 a

dscape in the

hy, vegetation

m the L3531

This represe

across a flat

elopment

at Taghart Nor

context of a

or buildings.

in the townlan

ents an open

landscape.

11-38

rth a distance

regional road

nd of Moyer lo

unscreened v

of approxima

d. Two tower

ocated in the

view from an

Envi

ately 1.78km.

rs are partly v

East Cavan H

elevated loca

ronmental Impa

This represe

visible, with a

Highlands at a

ation where fif


nts an open

further five

a distance of

fteen towers

North-Sout

11.5.3.7

Photomo

distantly v

Photomo

1.22km. E

are difficu

Photomo

towers ar

th 400 kV Interc

Recognise

ontage 19 from

visible, with a

ontage 26 fro

Eleven towers

ult to discern.

ontage 41 fro

re visible with

connection Deve

ed Scenic Vi

m Scenic View

further seven

om L40431, S

s are partially

m Scenic Vie

a further three

elopment

iewpoints w

w 21 at Lough

screened by t

Scenic Route

visible and on

ew 8 at Lough

e screened by

11-39

within appro

h Egish, at a d

topography or

SV22 in the

ne is screene

h an Leagh G

y vegetation.

ximately 2k

distance of ap

r vegetation.

townland of T

d by topograp

Gap, at a dista

Envi

km of the Lin

pproximately 2

Tooa, at a di

phy, however

ance of appro

ronmental Impa

ne Route

2.25km. Five

stance of app

those seen a

oximately 2.15


towers are

proximately

against land

5km. Eight


11-40

11.5.4 Description of Potential Landscape and Visual Effects on Landscape Units

91 The following section provides a description of the likely effects on the appearance and

character of each of the parts of the landscape that have been identified as ‘Landscape Units’ -

areas of approximately similar character in the previous sections.

92 The potential landscape and visual effects within each landscape unit are described along with

potential effects on identified sensitive landscape features or visual receptors. This information

is summarised in a table, to assist readers in obtaining a comprehensive overview of all

landscape and visual effects arising from this development. These impacts are then illustrated

in the following section by referring to reduced scale photomontages. Full scale photomontages

and wireframes are contained in Volume 3C Figures. The best way to use the photomontages

as a tool is to view them in the field, in the location where the photograph was taken.

North-Sout

11.5.4.1

Landsc

General

Landsca

Characte

th 400 kV Interc

Landscape

cape Unit A

pe

er

The

altere

includ

flat u

Mullya

east.

poten

of ta

more

The

lands

up as

towar

connection Deve

e Unit A – D

A – Mullyas

area is a

ed landscape

des small dru

upland areas

ash Mountain

The area

ntial for high v

ll structures

elevated loca

character o

cape is mor

s one moves

rds the N2.

elopment

Description o

sh Uplands

man-

which

umlins,

s and

to the

a has

visibility

in the

ations.

of the

e built

s south

POT

POT

11-41

of Potential

TENTIAL LAN

There w

immedia

unscreen

the wide

The line

Mountain

landscap

The intro

flat upla

result in

photomo

containe

beyond t

on the sm

be signif

Landsca

N2, as th

built infra

TENTIAL VISU

Photomo

be visible

The tran

and road

vegetatio

border in

crossing

Landscape

NDSCAPE EF

will be chang

ate vicinity of

ned towers), b

r landscape.

e route avoid

n, and there i

pe feature.

oduction of to

and plateau la

n significant

ontage 5).

ed, and will n

the valley. Ho

mall scale of t

ficant.

ape effects red

he landscape

astructure (see

UAL EFFECT

ontage 6 show

e from the slo

nsmission line

ds within 1 -

on such as al

n Lemgare (p

the N2 and

Envi

and Visual

FECTS

ges to lands

f the line (up

but little altera

ds the highe

s no landscap

owers into the

andscapes cl

localised la

Towers with

not significant

owever, the loc

the remote val

duce as one m

character is m

e photomonta

TS

ws that the tr

pes of Mullyas

e will be partia

1.5km of the

ong the roads

photomontage

former N2 (p

ronmental Impa

Effects

cape charact

p to 600 - 8

ation to the ch

er ground at

pe effect on t

more remote

lose to the b

andscape eff

hin valleys

ly affect the

calised landsc

lley along the

moves south to

more defined b

age 8 / 9).

ransmission lin

sh Mountain.

ally visible fro

line with no i

s running para

2 and 5), at

photomontage


ter in the

800m from

haracter of

Mullyash

this valued

e generally

border will

fects (see

are more

landscape

cape effect

border will

owards the

by existing

ne will not

om houses

ntervening

allel to the

a location

8 and 9).


11-42

Visual effects reduce with distance, with the most

significant effects occurring up to 600 - 800m from

unscreened towers. The towers would be difficult to

discern at distances beyond 800m.

Some of the lower lying parts of the landscape contain

scrub vegetation which restricts views and many potential

viewpoints will be screened by vegetation and topography.

Towers 119 – 121 on the rising ground east of the N2 will

be more visible than others due to their relative elevation.

These include transposition towers, which are taller and

slimmer than the towers along the rest of route. However

the difference in tower type will not significantly alter the

visual effect, which will be locally significant. (Refer to

photomontage 7).

Settlements

Clontibret, Creaghanroe

and Annayalla are the

main settlements. There

are individual houses

throughout the

countryside and along

roads.

There will be no significant visual effects on the villages. However,

any houses up to 1-1.5km from the line route, with no or little

intervening screening vegetation will have potential visibility of the

towers. The most significant effects would be experienced in views

up to 600-800m from the line route, where there is no or little

intervening vegetation. The nature of visibility over distance is

shown in Section 11.5.3.

Scenic

Viewpoints

SV11 View northwards at

Tullybrack.

SV12, 13, 14 Scenic

drive and views of open

countryside from

Mullyash.

None of these recognised Scenic Viewpoints will be affected by the


Key

Landscape

Features

Mullyash Mountain

Site of Battle of Clontibret

Tassan Lough

Lough Nahinch

Mullyash Mountain will not be affected by the proposed

development.

A monument commemorating the Site of the Battle of Clontibret

(commemorative plaque) is located approximately 1.7km from the

line route. Clontibret was a running battle so there is no clear extent

to the battle site. There is no significant effect on the setting of

Clontibret battle site considering the distance to the line route and

the screening effects of intervening vegetation.

Tassan Lough is located approximately 300m from the line route.

Towers would be visible at close proximity to the lake, in views from

the adjacent road. Therefore there would be localised significant

visual effects. The current remote character of the small lake would

be affected.


11-43

The area around Lough Nahinch (located approximately 600m from

the line route) is quite scrubby and therefore views are more

enclosed.

Driving,

Cycling &

Walking

Routes

Monaghan Way (Walking

route)

The Monaghan Way will parallel the line route for approximately

2km at a distance of between 0 and 400m. Longer distance

intermittent views would be possible for distances up to 1.5km from

the line. The walking route will cross under the line route between

towers 109 and 110. The section that parallels and crosses the line

route will experience open views of towers at close proximity where

there is no intervening vegetation, resulting in localised significant

visual effects. Photomontage 3 and 5 shows the type of visual

impact that would occur in close vicinity to the line. Photomontage 2

shows a view from a part of the Monaghan Way that is more

screened. This section of the walking route forms only a small part

of the long distance way which crosses through a mixture of remote

and inhabited landscapes – therefore the development will affect a

part of the walking experience, introducing a more industrial

landscape character along the route for approximately 2km.

Historic

Designed

Landscapes

Lakelands There will be no effects on this Historic Designed Landscape.

93 The following photomontages show the potential landscape and visual effects of the proposed

transmission line within Landscape Unit A – Mullyash Uplands. Full scale photomontages and

wireframes are contained in Volume 3C Figures of the EIS

North-Sout

Photom

2.69km

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

to the Bat

Landsca

Visual ef

th 400 kV Interc

montage 1

to closest

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

ttle of Clontibr

pe effects – T

ffects - The tra

connection Deve

at the sit

t tower

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

ret.

There would b

ansmission lin

elopment

te of the B

smission line

view, red show

ontage repres

be no landscap

ne would not b

11-44

Battle of C

e

ws what is scre

sents a view a

pe effects at th

be visible from

Clontibret i

eened by inter

long the Mona

his location.

m this location.

Envi

in Crossag

rvening vegeta

aghan Way an

ronmental Impa

ghy, appro

ation or topog

nd close to a m


oximately

raphy

monument

North-Sout

Photom

closest

Existing

Proposed

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

existing u

character

of the val

The more

Visual ef

This type

views wh

similar to

th 400 kV Interc

montage 2 f

t tower

view

d view includ

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects –

utilities infrastr

r of the drumli

ley will chang

e enclosed par

ffects - One to

of intermitten

ere open and

that shown in

connection Deve

from the L

ding transmis

ws what is in v

This photomo

The proposed

ructure and w

n ridgeline wi

ge with the intr

rts of the valle

ower is partial

nt screening co

oblique views

n photomontag

elopment

7502 in the

ssion line

view, red show

ontage shows

d developmen

will therefore in

ll change to in

roduction of to

ey with hedger

ly seen agains

ontinues along

s of the propo

ge 3.

11-45

e townland

ws what is scre

s the nature of

nt will be expe

ntensify an inh

nclude the tow

owers that are

rows or stands

st the skyline

g this road so

osed developm

d of Coolar

eened by inter

f views from a

erienced in th

habited agricu

wers where op

e of larger sca

s of trees will e

but three are

uthwards, but

ment are poss

Envi

rtragh, app

rvening vegeta

stretch of the

he context of a

ultural landsca

pen views are

ale than anyth

experience les

screened by t

t there are som

sible. In these

ronmental Impa

proximately

ation or topog

Monaghan W

a local road,

ape character

e possible. Th

ing else within

ss landscape

topography or

me areas with

e cases visibili


y 474m to

raphy

Way.

houses and

. The open

he character

n the valley.

impact.

r vegetation.

h more open

ity would be

North-Sout

Photom

closest

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

that paral

Landsca

valley wil

Landscap

stands of

Visual ef

roadside

th 400 kV Interc

montage 3

t tower

g view

ed view incl

me – blue sh

for selection:

lels the borde

pe effects – T

ll change with

pe effects are

trees will exp

ffects – The t

vegetation. T

connection Deve

looking so

uding trans

hows what is

This photomo

er in this locatio

There would b

h the introduc

closely relate

erience less la

transmission l

The towers will

elopment

outh from C

smission line

in view, red s

ontage repres

on.

be significant

ction of tower

d to visual eff

andscape imp

line will be vis

l be mainly se

11-46

Crossbane

e

shows what is

sents an open

localised effe

rs that are of

fects and the m

pact.

sible from par

en against the

e Rd. in Arm

s screened by

view from Cro

ects on this sm

f larger scale

more enclosed

rts of Crossba

e backdrop of

Envi

magh, app

y intervening v

ossbane road,

mall scale vall

than anythin

d parts of the

ane Road whe

hills.

ronmental Impa

roximately

vegetation or

, Armagh into

ey. The char

ng else within

valley with he

ere there are


y 321m to

topography

the valley

racter of the

the valley.

edgerows or

gaps in the

North-Sout

Photom

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

upland ar

plateau lik

Landsca

Settlemen

line. The

Visual ef

location.

further en

th 400 kV Interc

montage 5 a

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection

rea. The scre

ke nature of th

pe effects – S

nt is sparse a

open charact

ffects - The o

Many areas

nclose views in

connection Deve

at Lisdrum

uding trans

ws what is in v

: This photom

ening effects

his location.

Scrub vegetat

and the remot

ter of the skyli

pen nature of

are, howeve

n the uplands.

elopment

mgormly tow

smission line

view, red show

montage show

of topography

ion is encroac

e character in

ne will change

f the landscap

r, more enclo

.

11-47

wnland, ap

e

ws what is scre

ws the transmi

y are shown –

ching as fields

n this location

e to include th

pe means that

osed by hedg

proximate

eened by inter

ission line vie

– the towers in

s are abandon

n will change w

e towers whe

t towers will be

erows or scru

Envi

ly 200m to

rvening vegeta

ewed against t

n the distance

ed in this part

with the introd

re open views

e visible from

ub vegetation

ronmental Impa

closest tow

ation or topog

the skyline in

are not visible

t of the Mullya

duction of a tr

s are possible.

parts of the r

n. As scrub g


wer

raphy

a relatively

e due to the

ash uplands.

ransmission

.

roads in this

grows it will

North-Sout

Photom

L7422,

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

a busy ro

Landsca

horizon in

is not im

infrastruc

represent

Visual ef

towers wi

the scree

th 400 kV Interc

montage 7

approxima

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

ad.

pe effects –

n this location.

mmediately ap

ture and asso

ts an intensific

ffects - The la

ill be visible cr

ning effects of

connection Deve

from the

ately 440m

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

The towers a

. The transpo

pparent. The

ociated signs a

cation of this b

ack of roadsid

rossing the fo

f topography o

elopment

former N2

to closest

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

are seen aga

osition towers a

e landscape

as well as res

built rural infra

de hedgerow

rmer N2 in th

over longer dis

11-48

2 in the to

tower

e

ws what is scre

s the transposi

inst the skylin

are taller than

character in

idential and fa

structure and

and location o

is location. T

stances.

ownland of

eened by inter

ition towers cr

ne which alter

n other towers

this location

arm buildings.

introduces a n

of the towers

he highest sig

Envi

f Cashel at

rvening vegeta

rossing relative

rs the current

and of a diffe

n is influence

The propose

new scale of t

on relatively

gnificant effect

ronmental Impa

t junction

ation or topog

ely elevated la

tly open chara

rent design, a

ed by the ex

ed developme

tower into the

higher ground

ts will be loca


with the

raphy

and close to

acter of the

although this

xisting road

ent therefore

landscape.

d mean that

alised due to

North-Sout

Photom

Existing

Proposed

Wirefram

Reason f

possible o

Landsca

horizon in

has been

Visual ef

drivers. T

in the con

th 400 kV Interc

montage 8 f

view

d view includ

me – blue show

for selection

over the lands

pe effects –

n this location

influenced by

ffects - The

The towers wo

ntext of a rural

connection Deve

from the N2

ding transmis

ws what is in v

n: This photom

scape.

The towers a

n. The transm

y road infrastru

transmission

ould be discer

l landscape w

elopment

2, approxim

ssion line

view, red show

montage show

are seen aga

mission line w

ucture.

line crosses

rnible because

hich contains

11-49

mately 445

ws what is scre

ws the crossi

inst the skylin

ill contribute t

the road perp

e of the very o

existing infras

5m to close

eened by inter

ing of the N2

ne which alter

to an intensific

pendicularly w

open landscap

structure in the

Envi

est tower

rvening vegeta

2 in a location

rs the current

cation of a la

which minimis

pe in this locat

e form of road

ronmental Impa

ation or topog

n where open

tly open chara

ndscape char

ses the visua

tion. They wo

s and building


raphy

n views are

acter of the

racter which

l effects for

ould be seen

gs.

North-Sout

11.5.4.2

Landsc

General

Landsca

Characte

th 400 kV Interc

Landscape

cape Unit B

pe

er

The

lands

eleva

areas

with

pastu

are

with

visibil

connection Deve

e Unit B – D

B – Monagh

und

cape in

ted upland d

s and lowland

marshland

re farmland.

some open

relatively

ity.

elopment

Description o

han Drumli

dulating

ncludes

drumlin

loughs

and

There

areas

wide

POT

POT

11-50

of potential

n Uplands

TENTIAL LAN

There w

immedia

unscreen

lower pa

the chara

The eas

(Monagh

The align

Coogan’

existing

cumulati

these Lo

There w

setting o

TENTIAL VISU

The mos

drumlins

ground in

The tran

roads u

interveni

areas s

Drumgris

the most

unscreen

at distan

areas wi

landscape a

NDSCAPE EF

will be chan

ate vicinity of

ned towers),

arts of the lan

acter of the wi

stern slopes o

han By) with lo

nment runs ap

s Lough, Dru

110 kV line c

ve localised

oughs.

would be no

of Cordoo Loug

UAL EFFECT

st visible towe

s. It will be m

n this complex

smission line

p to 1 - 1.5

ng vegetatio

uch as the

stin Lough. V

t significant ef

ned towers. T

ces beyond 8

th a dense dru

Envi

and visual e

FECTS

ges to land

f the line (u

but as the to

ndscape there

ider landscape

of a drumlin a

ocally higher la

pproximately 2

mgristin Loug

rosses Cooga

landscape e

significant la

gh or Corlin Lo

TS

ers will be tho

more difficult to

x topographica

will be partiall

5km from the

n or topogra

drumlin imm

Visual effects r

ffects occurrin

The towers wo

00m and visu

umlin pattern.

ronmental Impa

effects

scape chara

up to 600 -

wers generall

e will be little

e.

are crossed a

andscape effe

200 - 300m to

gh and Ghost

an’s Lough. T

effects on the

andscape effe

ough

ose on the up

o discern towe

al landscape.

ly visible from

line where

aphy and fro

mediately to t

reduce with di

ng up to 600 -

ould be difficu

al effects wou


cter in the

800m from

ly follow the

alteration to

t Cornanure

ects

o the north of

Lough. An

There will be

e setting of

ects on the

pper parts of

ers on lower

houses and

there is no

om elevated

the east of

istance, with

- 800m from

ult to discern

uld be less in


11-51

Settlements

There are individual

houses throughout the


roads.

Houses up to 1-1.5km from the line route, with no or little intervening

screening vegetation will have potential visibility of the towers. The

most significant effects would be experienced in views up to 600-

800m from the line route, where there is no or little intervening

vegetation. The nature of visibility over distance is shown in Section

11.5.3.

Scenic

Viewpoints

SV9 View of St

Macartens Cathedral,

Monaghan from Berry

Brae

There will be no impact on this scenic viewpoint due to the distance


Key

Landscape

Features

Cordoo Lough Natural

Heritage Area

There will be no impact on this landscape feature due to the distance



transmission line within Landscape Unit B – Monaghan Drumlin Uplands. Full scale

photomontages and wireframes are contained in Volume 3C Figures of the EIS

North-Sout

Photom

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

drumlins w

Landsca

those on

effects oc

Visual ef

towers on

th 400 kV Interc

montage 12

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

within approxi

pe effects – T

the upper par

ccur in a lands

ffects – The m

n lower ground

connection Deve

2 at Drumro

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

imately 600m

The towers th

rts on drumlin

scape context

most visible to

d in this comp

elopment

oosk townl

smission line

view, red show

ontage repres

of the propos

at are located

ns result in lan

that contains

owers are tho

lex topograph

11-52

and, appro

e

ws what is scre

sents the types

ed developme

d on the lower

ndscape effec

houses, exist

ose on the up

ical visual sce

oximately 6

eened by inter

s of panoramic

ent.

r ground are a

ts arising from

ing electricity

pper parts of d

ene.

Envi

603m to clo

rvening vegeta

c views possib

absorbed into

m their intrusio

lines and a wi

drumlins. It is

ronmental Impa

osest towe

ation or topog

ble from uppe

the broad lan

on on the sky

ind farm on th

s more difficul


r

raphy

r parts of

dscape, but

line. These

e horizon.

lt to discern

North-Sout

11.5.4.3

Landsc

General

Landsca

Characte

th 400 kV Interc

Landscape

cape Unit C

pe

er

This

prono

pastu

Dooh

gener

tight

more

possi

eleva

lands

lakes

route.

The l

R183

connection Deve

e Unit C – D

C – Ballybay

unit

ounced

re and the v

amlet. Vie

rally enclosed

network of dr

open view

ble from

ted parts

cape. There

within 5km of

.

ine route cros

perpendicula

elopment

Description o

y Castlebla

includes

drumlin

village of

ews are

d by the

rumlins -

ws are

more

of the

are two

f the line

sses the

rly.

PO

VI

11-53

of Potential

ayney Lake

OTENTIAL LA

There

immed

unscre

the wid

Towers

therefo

ridgelin

landsc

powerl

There

setting

near D

SUAL EFFEC

The tra

and ro

interve

areas

photom

with dis

to 600

would

visual

drumlin

The cr

occurs

lines a

surroun

landscape a

elands

ANDSCAPE E

will be cha

diate vicinity o

eened towers)

der landscape

s 137 - 141 c

ore the curre

ne will change

ape that in

ines.

would be no

of Lough Ma

Doohamlet.

CTS

ansmission lin

oads up to 1

ening vegetati

such as the

montage 15 an

stance, with th

0 - 800m from

be difficult to

effects would

n pattern.

rossing point

in a part of

and houses a

nding drumlin

Envi

and visual e

EFFECTS

nges to land

of the line (u

, but little alte

.

cross the high

ently open c

e. This effect

ncludes main

o significant l

ajor at Ballyb

ne will be par

- 1.5km of th

on or topogr

location north

nd at Cornaho

he most signif

m unscreened

discern at dis

d be less in a

of the R183

the landscap

and good sc

ns - the most

ronmental Impa

effects

dscape chara

up to 600 -

eration to the

her parts of d

haracter of t

occurs in the

n roads, h

andscape eff

ay or Tonysc

rtially visible f

he line where

raphy and fro

h of Doohaml

oe. Visual eff

ficant effects o

d structures.

stances beyon

areas with a

3 is perpendi

pe with existin

reening provi

t significant v


acter in the

800m from

character of

drumlins and

this drumlin

context of a

ouses and

fects on the

callon Lough

from houses

there is no

om elevated

et shown in

fects reduce

occurring up

The towers

nd 800m and

very dense

cular and it

ng electricity

ided by the

isual effects


11-54

will be experienced by drivers for a short time.

Parts of the towers may be visible briefly at a distance of

1km along with glimpsed views of Tonyscallon Lake when

travelling along the R183. These, if discernible, would be

seen in the context of a built up landscape with houses and

existing powerlines and would not result in significant visual

effects.

Settlements

Doohamlet. There are

individual houses

throughout the countryside

and along roads.

There would be no significant views of the transmission line

from within Doohamlet itself due to the screening effects of

drumlins and buildings.

Houses up to 1-1.5km from the line route, with no or little

intervening screening vegetation will have potential visibility

of the towers. The most significant effects would be

experienced in views up to 600-800m from the line route,

where there is no or little intervening vegetation. The

towers would be difficult to discern at distances beyond

800m. The nature of visibility over distance is shown in

Section 11.5.3.

Scenic

Viewpoints

SV15, SV16, SV17 Scenic

Drive along Lough Muckno.

The transmission line will not be visible from these scenic

viewpoints due to the effects of distance

Key

Landscape

Features

Tonyscallan or Dernaglug

Lough

Lough Major, Ballybay 3km

to the west

Lough Muckno and

Environs

Annaghmekerig Lake,

Woodlands and environs.

Dromore River and lake

system including White

Lake and Bairds Shore

There will be no significant landscape effects on any of

these key landscape features due to their distance from the



transmission line within Landscape Unit C – Ballybay Castleblayney Lakelands. Full scale

photomontages and wireframes are contained in Volume 3C Figures of the EIS.

North-Sout

Photom

1.57km

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

those on

effects oc

landscape

Visual ef

the skylin

th 400 kV Interc

montage 15

to closest

g view

ed view incl

me – blue sho

for selection:

pe effects – T

the upper pa

ccur in a land

e features.

ffects – The m

e from this loc

connection Deve

5 looking

t tower

uding trans

ows what is in

This photomo

The towers th

rts of drumlins

dscape contex

most visible tow

cation. At this

elopment

west from

smission line

view, red sho

ontage repres

at are located

s result in lan

xt that contai

wers are those

s distance, visi

11-55

m L3430 ju

e

ows what is sc

sents open vie

d on the lower

ndscape effect

ns houses an

e on the uppe

ibility would de

ust north o

creened by inte

ews from the s

r ground are a

ts arising from

nd existing po

er parts of drum

epend on wea

Envi

of Dooham

ervening vege

urroundings o

absorbed into

m their intrusio

owerlines, and

mlins and they

ather condition

ronmental Impa

mlet, appro

etation or topo

of Doohamlet.

the broad lan

on on the skyl

d are in scale

y are openly s

ns.


oximately

ography

dscape, but

line. These

e with other

seen against

North-Sout

Photom

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

ridge.

Landsca

These eff

This locat

significan

Visual ef

effects. T

with dista

th 400 kV Interc

montage 16

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects –

fects occur, ho

tion is unusua

t.

ffects – Three

The towers are

ance.

connection Deve

6 from the R

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

Towers on d

owever, in a la

al in that three

e towers are o

e seen in the c

elopment

R183 in Ba

smission line

view, red show

ontage repres

rumlins result

andscape con

towers are op

openly visible

context of a m

11-56

llintra, app

e

ws what is scre

sents open vie

t in landscape

ntext that cont

penly visible o

on tops of dr

man-altered lan

proximately

eened by inter

ews from the R

e effects arisi

tains buildings

on drumlins an

rumlins, this w

ndscape and t

Envi

y 690m to c

rvening vegeta

R183 where to

ng from their

s, a main road

d the landsca

would result in

the overall vis

ronmental Impa

closest tow

ation or topog

owers cross a

intrusion on

d and existing

ape effect wou

n locally signif

sual effect redu


wer

raphy

drumlin

the skyline.

powerlines.

ld be locally

ficant visual

uces rapidly

North-Sout

Photom

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason Ballybay. Landsca

Visual ef

this distan

th 400 kV Interc

montage 17

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection

pe effects - T

ffects – While

nce.

connection Deve

7 from Loug

uding trans

ws what is in v

n: This photo

There would be

e one tower is

elopment

gh Major at

smission line

view, red show

omontage sho

e no significan

very distantly

11-57

t Ballybay,

e

ws what is scre

ows the view

nt effect on the

y visible, the tr

, approxim

eened by inter

from recogn

e character of

ansmission lin

Envi

ately 2.86k

rvening vegeta

nised amenity

f this landscap

ne would not b

ronmental Impa

km to close

ation or topog

y site at Loug

pe.

be normally di


est tower

raphy

gh Major in

iscernible at

North-Sout

11.5.4.4

Landsc

General

Landsca

Characte

th 400 kV Interc

Landscape

cape Unit D

pe

er

The n

lands

of bro

which

than

and

create

avera

lakes

unit.

veget

dense

with

distan

connection Deve

e Unit D – D

D – Drumlin

northern part

cape unit co

oad shallow v

h are more

the more en

complex land

ed by the large

age drumlins

further south

The drumlin

tation become

e east of Sh

curtailed

nce visibility.

elopment

Description o

n and Uplan

of this

onsists

valleys

open

nclosed

dscape

er than

s and

h in the

ns and

e more

hercock

long

POT

POT

11-58

of Potential

nd Farmlan

TENTIAL LAN

There w

immedia

unscreen

the wide

Towers

therefore

ridgeline

There w

setting o

Lough

Shanont

transmis

following

Lough an

wooded)

TENTIAL VISU

The tran

roads u

interveni

elevated

with dista

600-800

difficult

effects w

The cro

perpend

Landscape

nd of South

NDSCAPE EF

will be chan

ate vicinity o

ned towers),

r landscape.

164 - 167 cr

e the currentl

es will change

would be no

of the largest

Egish, or o

tonagh or G

ssion line will b

g smaller lake

nd Bock’s Lou

).

UAL EFFECT

smission line

p to 1-1.5km

ng vegetatio

areas such

ance, with the

m from unscr

to discern at

would be less i

ossing points

icular which

Envi

and Visual

h Monagha

FECTS

ges to land

of the line (

but little alter

ross the high

y open chara

(see photomo

significant la

lake in the e

on the setti

Greaghlone /

be experience

s; Lough Bor

ugh (although

TS

will be partiall

m from the

n or topogra

as Cornmagh

e most significa

reened towers

t distances b

in areas with a

of the R178

reduces the

ronmental Impa

Effects

an

scape chara

(within 600

ration to the

er parts of d

acter of the lo

ontage 24).

andscape effe

environs of the

ng of Loug

/ Beagh Lou

d from the env

aghy, Lough

this particular

ly visible from

line where t

aphy and fro

h. Visual eff

ant effects occ

s. The towe

beyond 800m

a dense drum

8, R180 and

visual effect


cter in the

- 800m of

character of

rumlins and

ocal drumlin

ects on the

e line route,

gh Troome,

ugh. The

virons of the

Morne, Muff

r lake is well

houses and

there is no

m relatively

fects reduce

curring up to

rs would be

and visual

lin pattern.

d R181 are

– the most


11-59

significant visual effects will be experienced by drivers for a

short time.

Settlements




roads.

Houses up to 1-1.5km from the line route, with no or little

intervening screening vegetation will have potential visibility

of the towers. The most significant effects would be

experienced in views up to 600-800m from the line route,

where there is no or little intervening vegetation. The towers

would be difficult to discern at distances beyond 800m. The

nature of visibility over distance is shown in Section 11.5.3.

Scenic

Viewpoints

SV18, 19 Distant views of

Lough Muckno and

Slieve Gullion

SV20 Views of Slieve

Gullion at Taplagh,

Broomfield

SV21 Scenic views of

Lough Eglish

SV22 Scenic drive at

Beagh, Shantonagh and

Corlat

SV23 a view towards

Lough Bawn and County

Cavan

The line route will be visible from SV22 – Scenic Drive at

Beagh, Shantonagh and Corlat near Shantonagh House.

The nature of visibility of the transmission line from this

location is shown in photomontages 26 and 27. While the

tops of towers are visible, most of the proposed development

would be visually absorbed by being seen against a

backdrop of the undulating topography.

There are no significant effects on SV21 (scenic views of

Lough Eglish) due to the effects of distance and intervening

topography.

Key

Landscape

Features

Loughbawn House and

Loughs

Lough Eglish.

Cornasus High

Landscape Area

Lough an Leagh

Mountain

Dun a Ri Forest Park

Moybologue Church

There will be no effects on any of these identified landscape features

due to the distance from the proposed development.

Walking

Routes

Lough an Leagh

Dun a Rí Forest Park

Castle Walk

Bailieborough

There will be no significant effects on any of these identified walking

routes due to the distance from the proposed development.

Historic

Designed

Tully House The line route crosses the eastern edge of Shantonagh demesne,

with minor landscape effects on this historic designed landscape.


11-60

Landscapes Shantonagh House

Lakeview House

Dun a Rí Forest Park

There will be no significant effects on any of these identified sites due

to the distance from the proposed development.


transmission line within Landscape Unit D – Drumlin Upland Farmland of South Monaghan.

Full scale photomontages and wireframes are contained in Volume 3C Figures of the EIS

North-Sout

Photom

closest

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

over drum

Landsca

has no si

towers. T

this locati

Visual ef

by topogr

screening

th 400 kV Interc

montage 18

t tower

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

mlin tops towa

pe effects – A

gnificant effec

The scale of th

on.

ffects – One t

raphy. There

g is provided b

connection Deve

8 from L32

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

rds higher gro

As the alignme

ct on the land

his is perceive

tower is partia

is some intru

by vegetation a

elopment

200 across

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

ound in the dis

ent follows the

dscape charac

ed as being ge

ally visible and

usion on the v

and topograph

11-61

the townla

e

ws what is scre

s the proposed

stance.

e lower parts o

cter. Howeve

enerally in kee

d another is vis

views towards

hy and by the

and of Clo

eened by inter

d development

of the landsca

r, the ridgelin

eping with oth

sible against a

the higher gr

effects of see

Envi

ogher, appr

rvening vegeta

t from an elev

ape, most of th

e of a drumlin

her built featur

a backdrop of

round in the d

eing a tower ag

ronmental Impa

roximately

ation or topog

vated location

he proposed d

n is broken by

res in the land

f land. A third

distance. How

gainst land.


631m to

raphy

with views

development

y one of the

dscape from

is screened

wever, good

North-Sout

Photom

462m to

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

screening

Landsca

landscape

Visual ef

the distan

th 400 kV Interc

montage 20

o closest to

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

g effects of top

pe effects –

e results in the

ffects – Three

nce. However

connection Deve

0 from the

ower

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

pography as to

– The landsca

e proposed de

e towers are p

r, good screen

elopment

e R180 at

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

owers travel in

ape effects a

evelopment be

partially visible

ning is provide

11-62

Brackly (C

e

ws what is scre

s the alignmen

nto the distanc

are not signif

eing absorbed

e and there is

ed by vegetatio

Cremorne

eened by inter

nt running para

ce.

ficant in this

d into this robu

s some intrusi

on, topograph

Envi

By) townla

rvening vegeta

allel to and cro

location as t

ust rural landsc

ion on the vie

y and building

ronmental Impa

and, appro

ation or topog

ossing the R18

the screening

cape characte

ew towards the

gs.


oximately

raphy

80 and the

g within the

er.

e drumlin in

North-Sout

Photom

Greagh

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

and L421

Landsca

on both

absorptio

area). Ho

this locati

Visual ef

dominant

th 400 kV Interc

montage 21

h (Cremorn

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

0 in a broad o

pe effects – T

sides of the

n of towers (b

owever the ch

on.

ffects – Three

t feature where

connection Deve

1 from the

e By) and T

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

open valley lan

The scale of th

road. The la

bearing in mind

haracter of ope

e towers are

e open views

elopment

e junction

Tullyhinne

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

ndscape.

he proposed d

andscape als

d a 74m corrid

enness is loca

partially visibl

are possible,

11-63

of the R1

ra, 336m to

e

ws what is scre

s the alignmen

development i

so contains a

dor is require

ally adversely

e against the

such as this o

180 and th

o closest to

eened by inter

nt crossing a lo

s apparent in

block of com

d and that tre

affected by th

skyline and t

one.

Envi

he L4210 a

ower

rvening vegeta

ocal road from

this broad va

mmercial fore

es may need

he introductio

the tower clos

ronmental Impa

at the tow

ation or topog

m the junction o

lley, with open

estry with prov

to be remove

n of large sca

sest to the roa


wnland of

raphy

of the R180

n landscape

vides some

d within this

ale towers in

ad will be a

North-Sout

Photom

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

vicinity of

lakes and

location o

Visual ef

adversely

th 400 kV Interc

montage 24

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects –

f a lake, but it

d drumlins. T

of the towers o

ffects – Towe

y affect the vis

connection Deve

4 looking ov

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

Line routing

is not possible

The setting of

on adjacent dr

ers 167 and

sual amenity o

elopment

ver Lough

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

has aimed to

e to avoid all p

this small lak

rumlins.

168 are cons

of this location

11-64

Morne, ap

e

ws what is scre

s the view from

avoid this co

potential impa

ke, as viewed

spicuously vis

.

proximate

eened by inter

m a public road

ombination of

act of a linear d

from a local r

ible on highe

Envi

ly 603m to

rvening vegeta

d adjacent to L

towers cross

development

road, will be a

r ground clos

ronmental Impa

closest tow

ation or topog

Lough Morne.

sing higher gr

in a landscape

adversely affe

se to this sma


wer

raphy

round in the

e with many

ected by the

all lake and

North-Sout

Photom

1.22km

Existing

h

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

absorbed

from their

The visibl

Visual ef

more diffi

th 400 kV Interc

montage 26

to closest

g view

ed view incl

me – blue sho

for selection:

pe effects –

into the broa

r intrusion on

le parts of the

ffects – The m

cult to discern

connection Deve

6 from the L

t tower

uding trans

ows what is in

This photomo

The towers th

ad landscape,

the skyline. T

alignment are

most visible to

n towers on low

elopment

L40431 (Sc

smission line

n view, red sh

ontage shows

hat are locate

, but those on

These effects

e in scale with

owers are tho

wer ground in

11-65

cenic Road

e

hows what is

s the transmiss

ed on the lowe

n the upper p

occur in a lan

h the landscap

ose on the up

this complex

SV22) at T

screened by

sion line from

er ground and

parts on drum

ndscape conte

pe at this dista

pper parts of d

topographical

Envi

Tooa townl

y intervening v

a scenic route

d seen agains

lins result in

ext with little o

nce.

drumlins, whic

l visual scene

ronmental Impa

land, appro

vegetation or

e at Shantona

st a backdrop

landscape eff

other built tow

ch break the s

.


oximately

topography

gh.

of land are

fects arising

wers in view.

skyline. It is

North-Sout

Photom

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

landscape

Visual ef

topograph

th 400 kV Interc

montage 29

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects –

e results in the

ffects – One t

hy.

connection Deve

9 from L403

uding trans

ws what is in v

This is an op

– The landsca

e proposed de

tower is partly

elopment

31 at Cordu

smission line

view, red show

pen view from

ape effects a

evelopment be

but distantly

11-66

uff, approx

e

ws what is scre

a slightly elev

are not signif

eing absorbed

visible agains

ximately 1.1

eened by inter

vated location

ficant in this

d into this robu

st the skyline,

Envi

1km to clos

rvening vegeta

with winter ve

location as t

ust rural landsc

others are scr

ronmental Impa

sest tower

ation or topog

egetation.

the screening

cape characte

reened by veg


raphy

g within the

er.

getation and

North-Sout

Photom

456m to

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

road with

Visual ef

located o

th 400 kV Interc

montage 31

o closest to

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects – T

existing utilitie

ffects – Six to

n the slopes o

connection Deve

1 from the

ower

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

The proposed

es infrastructu

owers are par

of a drumlin an

elopment

R178 appr

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

development

ure within an u

rtially visible a

nd therefore a

11-67

roximately

e

ws what is scre

s the alignmen

is large but n

undulating land

and there is s

t a slightly ele

2.5km eas

eened by inter

nt crossing the

ot dominant in

dform.

some visual in

evated position

Envi

st of Sherc

rvening vegeta

e R178.

n this landsca

ntrusion due to

n.

ronmental Impa

cock, appro

ation or topog

pe which cont

o the fact tha


oximately

raphy

tains a main

at a tower is

North-Sout

Photom

closest

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

valley.

Landsca

developm

Visual ef

landscape

th 400 kV Interc

montage 34

t tower

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects –

ment due to the

ffects – Thre

e. The low he

connection Deve

4 from the

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

– The scale

e location of th

e towers are

edgerows resu

elopment

L49033 in

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

of the lands

he towers on d

partially visib

ult in open view

11-68

the vicinity

e

ws what is scre

s the alignmen

scape in this

drumlin tops.

ble and two a

ws towards th

y of Lavag

eened by inter

nt crossing hig

location is

are particularly

e drumlin ridg

Envi

gilduff, app

rvening vegeta

her ground in

adversely aff

y visually dom

geline.

ronmental Impa

roximately

ation or topog

a relatively re

fected by the

minant in this


y 222m to

raphy

emote

e proposed

small scale

North-Sout

11.5.4.5

Landsc

General

Landsca

Characte

th 400 kV Interc

Landscape

cape Unit E

pe

er

This

enviro

Lough

The

the e

desig

sensit

CDP.

is lo

veget

and m

type

outsk

connection Deve

e Unit E – D

E – Highlan

unit includ

ons of Kingsc

h an Leagh M

line route pa

east of an

nated la

tivity in the

The rest of

ow lying wi

tation in man

more dense s

development

irts of Kingsco

elopment

escription o

ds of East

des the

court and

Mountain.

asses to

area of

ndscape

Cavan

the unit

th high

ny areas

suburban

on the

ourt.

PO

PO

11-69

of Potential

Cavan

OTENTIAL LA

There

immed

unscre

the wid

Cumul

propos

– 235)

Clontu

There

Leagh

There

Muff Lo

OTENTIAL VI

The tra

and ro

interve

elevate

with di

with 60

be diffi

The c

perpen

signific

short ti

Landscape

ANDSCAPE E

will be cha

diate vicinity o

eened towers)

der landscape

ative landsc

sed line crosse

) at Corranea

rkan.

will be no sig

Mountain.

would be som

ough.

SUAL EFFEC

ansmission lin

oads up to 1

ening vegetati

ed areas such

istance, with

00-800m of u

cult to discern

crossing poin

ndicular which

cant visual effe

ime.

Envi

and Visual

EFFECTS

nges to land

of the line (u

, but little alte

.

ape effects

es the existing

ary (ED Ennis

nificant landsc

me landscape

CTS

ne will be par

- 1.5km of th

on or topogr

h as Cornmag

the most sig

nscreened to

n at distances

nts of the

h reduces the

ects will be ex

ronmental Impa

Effects

dscape chara

up to 600 -

eration to the

will occur

g 220 kV line (

skeen), Carro

cape effects o

e effect on th

rtially visible f

he line where

raphy and fro

gh. Visual eff

gnificant effec

wers. The to

beyond 800m

R162 and

e visual effect

xperienced by


acter in the

800m from

character of

where the

(Towers 232

wreagh and

on Lough an

he setting of

from houses

there is no

om relatively

fects reduce

cts occurring

owers would

m.

R165 are

– the most

drivers for a


11-70

Settlements




roads.

Houses up to 1 - 1.5km from the line route, with no or little

intervening screening vegetation will have potential visibility of the

towers. The most significant effects would be experienced in views

up to 600 - 800m from the line route, where there is no or little

intervening vegetation. The towers would be difficult to discern at

distances beyond 800m. The nature of visibility over distance is

shown in Section 11.5.3

Scenic

Viewpoints

SV8 at Lough an Leagh

Mountain.

The transmission line is approximately 2.1km from SV8 which looks

down on the landscape from a height. Eight towers are potentially

visible with a further three screened by vegetation. However, the

transmission line would not be readily discernible at this distance

particularly as the towers are seen against the backdrop of land,

further reducing their visibility.

Key

Landscape

Features

Dun a Rí Forest Park.

Lough an Leagh Mountain.

There will be no effects on these identified key landscape features

due to the distance from the proposed development.

Walking

Routes

Lough an Leagh.

Dun a Rí Forest Park.

Castle Walk,

Bailieborough.

There will be no effects on these identified walking routes due to the

distance from the proposed development.

Historic

Designed

Landscapes

Dun a Rí Forest Park. There will be no effect on this historic designed landscape due to

the distance from the proposed development.


transmission line within Landscape Unit E – Highlands of East Cavan. Full scale

photomontages and wireframes are contained in Volume 3C Figures of the EIS

North-Sout

Photom

Tullybr

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

Visual ef

the scree

th 400 kV Interc

montage 36

ick and Dru

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects – T

ffects – While

ning effects of

connection Deve

6 from the R

umbrackan

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

There are no l

three towers

f topography.

elopment

R162 at ele

n, approxim

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

andscape effe

are partially v

11-71

evated grou

mately 1.08

e

ws what is scre

s an open view

ects on this loc

visible, there a

und betwee

8km to clos

eened by inter

w from an elev

cation due to t

are no significa

Envi

en the town

sest tower

rvening vegeta

vated position

the screening

ant visual effec

ronmental Impa

nlands of

ation or topog

on the R162.

effects of top

cts on this loc


raphy

ography.

ation due to

North-Sout

Photom

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

Visual ef

effects on

th 400 kV Interc

montage 38

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects – T

ffects – While

n this location

connection Deve

8 from the R

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

There are no l

e one tower i

due to the scr

elopment

R165 at Co

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

andscape effe

is partially vis

reening effects

11-72

ornaman, 69

e

ws what is scre

s an open view

ects on this loc

sible, against

s of topograph

94m to clo

eened by inter

w from the R16

cation due to t

a backdrop o

hy.

Envi

sest tower

rvening vegeta

65 at a distanc

the screening

of land, there

ronmental Impa

r

ation or topog

ce approximat

effects of top

are no signif


raphy

tely 694m.

ography.

ficant visual

North-Sout

Photom

to close

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

Landsca

fields hos

transmiss

contains r

Visual ef

visible du

th 400 kV Interc

montage 39

est tower

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

pe effects –

st the annual

sion line will a

roads, houses

ffects – Two

e to its relativ

connection Deve

9 from the

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

In landscape

Muff Fair, and

add an indus

s and electricit

of the towers

ely elevated p

elopment

L7567 nea

smission line

view, red show

ontage repres

terms this site

d a commemo

trial characte

ty lines.

s are partially

position and lo

11-73

ar the site o

e

ws what is scre

sents an open

e is similar to

orative statue

ristic to an in

visible from t

ow roadside he

of the Fair

eened by inter

view in the vic

the wider land

and board ha

nhabited and

this location.

edgerow at thi

Envi

r of Muff, a

rvening vegeta

cinity of the Fa

dscape of eas

as been erect

robust rural l

One on high

is particular vi

ronmental Impa

approximat

ation or topog

air of Muff site

st Cavan, how

ed. The pres

landscape wh

her ground is

ewing position


ely 215m

raphy

e.

wever, these

sence of the

hich already

prominently

n.

North-Sout

Photom

2.15km

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

informatio

this area.

Landsca

sense of v

Visual ef

against th

th 400 kV Interc

montage 41

to closest

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

on board and t

pe effects - T

visibility.

ffects - The tr

he backdrop o

connection Deve

1 looking e

t tower

uding trans

ws what is in v

This view is r

the start of a w

There is no dis

ransmission lin

f land, further

elopment

east from L

smission line

view, red show

recognised as

walk to the hig

scernible effec

ne would not

reducing thei

11-74

Lough an

e

ws what is scre

s significant in

ghpoint of the

ct on the eleva

be discernible

r visibility.

Leagh Gap

eened by inter

the Cavan CD

mountain. It i

ated character

e at this distan

Envi

p amenity

rvening vegeta

DP. It is a pic

s a rare eleva

r of this landsc

nce particularl

ronmental Impa

site, appro

ation or topog

nic area with a

ated panorami

cape or on the

ly as the towe


oximately

raphy

an

c view in

e expansive

ers are seen

North-Sout

Photom

approx

Existing

Propose

Wirefram

Reason f

area of lo

Landsca

or the exp

Visual ef

containing

areas with

distance.

th 400 kV Interc

montage 4

imately 629

g view

ed view incl

me – blue show

for selection:

ow drumlins.

pe effects – W

perience of a r

ffects - The tr

g an existing

hin the immed

connection Deve

42 from th

9m to clos

uding trans

ws what is in v

This photomo

While a tower

rural road bord

ransmission li

power line.

diate vicinity o

elopment

he L3533

est tower

smission line

view, red show

ontage shows

is visible brea

dered by cont

ne would be v

The vegetatio

of towers (up to

11-75

in the t

e

ws what is scre

s the transmiss

aking the skyli

inuous hedge

visible in the c

on and topogr

o approximate

townland

eened by inter

sion line at clo

ne, there is no

row.

context of a n

raphy limits s

ely 400m), wit

Envi

of Drumb

rvening vegeta

ose distance c

o significant ef

etwork of hed

ignificant visu

th visual effect

ronmental Impa

bar (Eniske

ation or topog

crossing a loca

ffect on druml

dgerows and a

ual effects to

ts decreasing


een By),

raphy

al road in an

in character

a landscape

unscreened

rapidly with

North-Sout

11.5.4.6

98 T

d

h

t

u

99 W

h

w

t

e

w

O

a

b

v

o

11.5.4.7

100 F

m

o

s

101 T

2

c

th 400 kV Interc

Potential

The main ph

degree of tre

height, close

topography.

up to 74m sw

While a max

hedgerow ve

working area

temporary.

excavations

width of the

Other hedge

accommodat

be lopped,

vegetation, t

open corrido

Potential I

Figure 11.11

materials sto

of the site: V

shown below

The propose

2.5km south

currently a r

connection Deve

Physical La

hysical lands

ee loping, trim

eness of he

Areas wher

wathe of tree

ximum work

egetation at

as are propo

Towers 166

required to

se working

erows along

te required s

although th

the continuity

ors through w

mpact of th

1, Volume 3

orage yard in

Viewpoints 1

w.

Fi

ed constructi

-west of Car

rough grassl

elopment

andscape Ef

scape effects

mming and r

edgerow and

re the line ro

es (described

king area of

construction

osed), this w

and 168 hav

stabilise gro

areas is pro

g the line ro

safety cleara

e height wi

y of any affe

woodland will

e Proposed

C Figures o

n relation to

- 4. The s

igure 11.2:

on materials

rrickmacross

land field at

11-76

ffects

s arise from

removal will

d towers and

ute passes t

d in detail in C

30m x 30m

, (with the e

will be reinsta

ve larger wo

ound adjace

oposed to be

oute will be

ances. Hedg

ll depend o

ected hedger

remain.

Constructio

of the EIS sh

sensitive lan

ite for the pr

Viewpoin

s storage ya

s with access

approximate

the need fo

depend on a

d the lowes

through wood

Chapter 6 of

m around ea

xception of T

ated, and th

orking areas

ent to the fou

e 41m at To

permanentl

gerows with a

on the cond

row or tree li

on Materials

hows the loc

ndscape feat

roposed con

t 3 (panoram

rd is located

s to the site

ely 40mAOD

Envi

or the remov

a number of

t point of th

dland will req

f this volume

ach tower m

Towers 166

erefore adve

proposed to

undation loc

ower 168 an

ly lopped o

a height of u

ductor sag.

ines will be r

s Storage Y

cation of the

ures and the

nstruction ma

mic)

d adjacent to

via the L470

D with a line

ronmental Impa

val of vegeta

factors inclu

he conducto

quire the rem

e of the EIS).

may require r

and 168, wh

erse impacts

o account for

cations. The

nd 34m at T

r trimmed in

up to 6m are

On reinsta

restored, but

ard

proposed co

e location of

aterials stora

o the N2 app

00. The 1.4

e of semi-ma


ation. The

ding tower

or sag and

moval of an

.

removal of

here larger

s would be

r additional

e minimum

Tower 166.

n order to

unlikely to

atement of

t the linear

onstruction

four views

age yard is

proximately

42ha site is

ature trees

North-Sout

a

h

102 T

a

t

103 R

F

F

104 T

l

a

i

105 F

c

d

t

S

th 400 kV Interc

along the n

hedgerows a

The surroun

and low lyin

trees scatter

Referring to

Farmland a

Farmland LC

There are tw

located app

approximate

intervening la

From the loc

clear open v

drumlin field

the N2, on lo

See viewpo

connection Deve

orth eastern

along the sou

ding landform

ng pastures

red througho

the MLCA

nd within th

CA.

wo Areas of

roximately 3

ly 1.2km fro

andform and

cal access br

views to the

s to the sout

ower lying la

int 4.

elopment

n boundary

uth western b

m is charact

with intact h

ut the local la

, the site is

he Landsca

f Secondary

370m from

m the site.

d tree cover.

ridge over th

south with t

th-east and f

and and part

Figure

11-77

with the N2

boundary wit

terised by an

hedgerow fie

andscape an

s located wi

pe Characte

y Amenity Va

the site, w

There will b

he N2, appro

the N2 occu

further west.

tially screene

11.3: Vie

2. There is

th the L4700

n undulating

eld boundarie

nd lakes at lo

ithin the La

er Area Ca

alue within t

hilst Lisanis

e no views o

ximately 160

upying a larg

. The major

ed by a band

ewpoint 4

Envi

a continuo

.

topography

es. There a

ower elevatio

ndscape Ch

arrickmacross

the local are

sk Lake is

of the site fr

0m north-wes

ge part of the

rity of the site

d of deciduo

ronmental Impa

us band of

with a mix o

are patches

ons.

haracter Typ

s Drumlin &

ea. Lough N

located a d

rom these la

st of the site

e view with

e will be visi

us trees alo


trees and

of drumlins

of mature

pe Drumlin

& Lowland

Naglack is

distance of

kes due to

e, there are

undulating

ble next to

ng the N2.

North-Sout

106 T

l

s

107 T

O

w

108 T

t

y

109 V

110 T

g

t

v

c

a

s

th 400 kV Interc

The higher p

leaving and

screening, w

There are se

On the L470

will be no vie

There is a p

the garden o

yard site, wh

Viewpoint 1

The L4700 o

generally en

the road limi

views of a la

construction

as the site is

storage to th

connection Deve

parts of the

entering the

which will incr

everal prope

00 to the sou

ews of the sit

property adja

of this proper

hich lies at a

looks towar

on the weste

nclosed lands

ting wide vie

arge portion

materials w

s at a lower

he northern s

elopment

stored mate

site. The e

rease over th

erties in close

uth there are

te from these

acent to the c

rty there will

slightly lowe

rds the site fr

Figure

ern side of th

scape with r

ews. Travell

of the site.

would be visib

elevation tha

side) will be v

11-78

erials would

existing vege

he three year

e proximity t

e several pro

e properties

construction

be open vie

er elevation.

rom the L470

11.4: Vie

he site is pa

roadside veg

ing along the

The new e

ble. As the t

an the road,

visible from th

be visible f

etation along

r time period

to the constr

operties whic

due to the in

materials st

ews of the en

00 adjacent t

ewpoint 1

rallel to the

getation and

e L4700 adja

ntrance on t

tower mater

a large port

his road. Se

Envi

from the N2

the road, ho

d for the site.

ruction mate

ch face onto

ntervening ro

torage yard

ntire construc

to this prope

N2. This loc

sloping land

acent to the

this road, pa

ials are to be

tion of the si

ee viewpoint

ronmental Impa

, as well as

owever, prov

rials storage

the local ro

adside tree c

site to the e

ction materia

rty.

cal road cuts

dform on bot

site, there w

arking areas

e laid horizo

ite (including

t 2.


the traffic

vides good

e yard site.

ad. There

cover.

ast. From

als storage

s through a

th sides of

will be clear

and some

ontally; and

g the tower

North-Sout

111 T

i

s

t

th 400 kV Interc

Travelling al

including the

site entrance

the screenin

connection Deve

long this loc

e prefabricate

e will also be

g effect of th

Fig

Fig

elopment

cal road in a

ed staff offic

e clearly visi

he site works

ure 11.5:

ure 11.6:

11-79

a southerly d

ces at the ju

ble. Views

at the weste

Viewpoint 2

Viewpoint 3

direction, the

nction with t

of the whole

ern side of th

2 from the L

3 from the L

Envi

ere will be c

the local roa

e site would

he site.

L4700

L4700

ronmental Impa

clear views o

d. The site

not be poss


of the site,

traffic and

ible due to


11-80

112 In the wider landscape there is a network of local roads and farm tracks which do not

experience any views of the site due to the undulating drumlin landform and tree cover.

Residual Landscape Effects

113 The grass ground cover will be removed and replaced by compacted hardcore for the duration

of use of the site (approximately three years). Boundary hedgerows and tree cover will be

retained, (except for those removed to construct the entrance). However, during the

construction stage there will be a change in land use and resulting change in landscape

character. The site’s proximity to a main road and previous use as a construction compound

result in landscape effects that are short term and low-moderate. On completion of

construction, the site will be reinstated to agriculture, the long term landscape and visual effects

will be negligible.

Residual Visual Effects

114 The construction materials storage yard will be partly visible from the N2, and the adjacent

L4700. It will be openly visible from the bridge crossing over the N2 and from the garden of the

property adjacent to the site. Construction traffic entering and leaving the site will also be

visible from these locations. The effects on views from the N2 will be short term and low-

moderate considering that views from main roads are considered to be of low sensitivity. The

effect on views from the L4700 and adjacent property are more sensitive, and effects on these

views would be low-moderate and short term.

11.5.4.8 Potential Impact of Swan Flight Diverters

115 Chapter 6 of this volume of the EIS contains information on the location, extent and type of

swan flight diverters required along the route. These have been illustrated on photomontages

at varying viewing distances (see Photomontages 16, 24 and 31).

116 Bird flight diverters will be located:

Between Towers 196 and 203 in the vicinity of Comertagh and Raferagh Loughs;

Between Towers 160 and 169 where the alignment passes to the west of Lough Egish

and east of Lough Morne; and

Between Towers 139 and 147 where the alignment passes on higher ground to the east

of Ballintra.


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117 The requirement for swan flight diverters often corresponds with areas of landscape sensitivity,

and these three locations are sensitive due to their proximity to lakes and location on higher

parts of the landscape. The swan flight diverters will be visible on the earth wires at close

proximity to the proposed development. However, the type of bird flight diverter selected for

use is visually subtle and is not perceptible at distances greater than approximately 500m.

Therefore, considering the relevant scale of the proposed development, the addition of swan

flight diverters is not considered to result in significant landscape or visual effects. The slightly

higher visual impact resulting from the swan flight diverters is balanced with the benefits to

landscape character arising from bird protection.

11.5.5 Decommissioning

118 The proposed development will become a permanent part of the transmission infrastructure.

The expected lifespan of the development is in the region of 50 to 80 years. This will be

achieved by routine maintenance and replacement of hardware as required. There are no

plans for the decommissioning of the OHL. In the event that part of, or the entire proposed

infrastructure is to be decommissioned, all towers, equipment and material to be

decommissioned will be removed off site and the land reinstated. Impacts would be expected

to be less than during the construction phase and would be of short term duration.

11.6 MITIGATION MEASURES

119 In landscape terms, the best mitigation measure is ‘avoidance’ of potential impact by a route

selection process that minimises visibility on skylines and proximity to waterbodies and that

avoids or minimises excessive proximity or dominance of sensitive visual receptors – such as

scenic routes, residences, tourism and leisure amenities and facilities. This has been carried

out over the course of constraints evaluation and route selection and is described in The Final

Re-Evaluation Report (April 2013) (see Appendix 1.2, Volume 3B Appendices of this EIS) and

The Preferred Project Solution Report (July 2013) (see Appendix 1.3, Volume 3B Appendices

of this EIS).

120 The route selection stage resulted in the avoidance of the parts of the landscape most

extensively sensitive to an overhead electricity line. The most sensitive locations along the

proposed alignment and the most significant landscape and visual impacts of an OHL have

been identified and described.

121 Where it has not been possible to avoid adverse effects on identified specific viewpoints, micro-

mitigation is possible through the retention, enhancement or replanting of trees and hedgerows

in key locations.


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122 The mitigation measures described in detail in Chapter 6 of this volume of the EIS will serve to

minimise physical landscape effects. The key mitigation measures in relation to landscape

effects are using existing access routes and gaps in hedgerows, reinstatement of hedgerows

and ground vegetation (with similar or better quality planting), protection of retained vegetation,

sensitive vegetation pruning methods and monitoring of vegetation establishment. Hedgerows

will be maintained to ensure no vegetation is tall enough to potentially interfere with the

conductors. Trees will be pollarded to minimise physical landscape effects. Ongoing monitoring

will be carried out during construction and inspection and if necessary replacement of reinstated

planting will be carried out after construction, over a 24 month period.

123 The mitigation measures outlined in Chapter 7 of this volume of the EIS will serve to minimise

effects on soil and subsequent vegetation establishment. The key mitigation measures in

relation to landscape effects are, correct removal, storage and reinstatement of subsoil and

topsoil and removal and disposal of soil where not required for reinstatement.

11.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS

124 As the key mitigation measures when planning a transmission line occur at route selection and

line design stage, the residual unavoidable effects are, those that have been described in detail

in Section 11.5 of this volume of the EIS.

125 A summary of the significance of residual effects is given in Table 11.18, Appendix 11.1,

Volume 3C Appendices of the EIS.

126 As visibility of towers is highly influenced by intervening vegetation and buildings, the localised

nature of this residual impact may slightly reduce or increase over time as vegetation grows,

hedgerows are enhanced or removed and buildings are built.

11.8 INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

127 Other potential impacts related to landscape are described in Volume 3D (MSA) of the EIS).

This volume of the EIS concentrates on the CMSA. The following chapters of this volume of the

EIS are also relevant to the potential for effects on landscape in the CMSA; Chapter 4 Human

Beings – Tourism and Amenity, Chapter 6 - Flora and Fauna, Chapter 7 - Soils, Geology and

Hydrogeology, Chapter 9 - Air – Noise and Vibration and Chapter 14- Cultural Heritage.

128 Interrelationships between ecological impacts and landscape occur where the removal or

trimming of wooded features (including woodlands, hedgerows and treelines) may have

adverse effects on both ecology and landscape. The impact on such wooded features has

been minimised by, where possible, locating towers away from hedgerows and other wooded


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areas. The use of swan flight diverters will slightly increase the visual impact of the alignment

at close distances where these have been installed.

129 Soil compaction caused by construction or maintenance can have an adverse effect on

localised landscape character and vegetation establishment.

130 The potential impacts on the setting of recognised individual cultural heritage sites are

appraised in Chapter 14 of this volume of the EIS. This chapter appraises potential impact in

the context of the broad cultural heritage contained within the landscape, which includes the

patterns of human impact over the millennia. This human impact includes agriculture, drainage,

transport, utilities and housing.

131 The OHL will be visible from some short sections of the Monaghan Way. This may be

perceived as reducing the attractiveness of this route for tourism and amenity purposes,

although the adverse effects are localised.

132 Noise that may occur in close proximity to the line can have an adverse effect on landscape

character.

11.9 CONCLUSIONS

133 The study area for this appraisal forms part of the extensive farmed drumlin belt which stretches

east-west across the island of Ireland. The long history of human habitation and agriculture is

reflected in a complex pattern of hedgerows and fields which form part of the story of human

influence in counties Monaghan and Cavan and which also includes widespread housing

development, farm and commercial buildings, a dense road network and existing utilities

infrastructure.

134 The most sensitive features of the area subject to this appraisal are the ridgelines of drumlins,

the views from elevated areas and the vicinity of lakes which occur in the lower lying areas.

The inhabited rural locations in close proximity to the alignment and road crossings are also

sensitive to the changes to landscape character that occur with the construction of a 400 kV

transmission line.


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135 The MLCA and Cavan CDP have recognised areas sensitive to development in particular the

Mullyash Uplands and Highlands of East Cavan. This chapter has also identified other

sensitive areas and features including settlements, scenic views, heritage sites, recreation and

tourist routes and historic designated landscapes.

136 The agricultural landscape of Monaghan and Cavan is generally robust and has undergone

continuous change including road and house building, and introduction of utilities infrastructure

while sustaining its underlying character and evident time depth. The scale of the proposed

development will, however, result in significant alteration to the landscape character of areas in

the near vicinity of the alignment – most noticeably at distances of up to 600 - 800m from the

transmission line.

137 Towers and associated infrastructure are dominant in close views (up to 500m) where there is

no intervening vegetation or topography, where there are gaps or lower than average roadside

vegetation, particularly if they are located on the higher parts of drumlins.

138 At distances of 500m to 1km, towers are still noticeable in the context of a wider landscape.

The screening capabilities of vegetation, buildings and topography however, become more

effective. The towers are more conspicuous at these distances if sited on higher ground or if

the viewing point is elevated, or if the proposed development is seen against the sky.

139 Beyond 1km, it becomes difficult to discern the towers in the landscape, and in most cases the

towers are not visible at this distance. Towers are still however, distantly visible if seen

traversing higher ground or over very flat ground where there is a gap in intervening vegetation.

140 Over the full length of the proposed development, the residual unavoidable impacts will include

adverse effects on landscape character and on unscreened views within 600 - 800m of the

alignment. Some areas that are particularly elevated in relation to the line will experience

significant effects at distances up to 1km. These effects will be particularly noticeable where

the transmission line crosses roads, or where hedgerows are low and/or panoramic views are

available.

141 Specific identified sensitive locations along the alignment which will experience residual

unavoidable landscape and visual impact include; a plateau and valley close to the jurisdictional

border with Northern Ireland including a section of the Monaghan Way, the setting the Fair of

Muff, a scenic view east of Shantonagh, the vicinity of a number of small lakes, and most

commonly, the locations where towers need to cross drumlins to avoid other constraints.

Documents

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