PREHISTORIC TIMES, PREHISTORIC TIMES, EARLY HISTORY AND EARLY HISTORY AND

FOREIGN RULESFOREIGN RULES

Pre-historical Ages of Malay Pre-historical Ages of Malay ArchipelagoArchipelago

Paleolithic Age (Early Stone Age) : Paleolithic Age (Early Stone Age) : 35,000 years ago, Gua Niah, Sarawak35,000 years ago, Gua Niah, Sarawak

Mesolithic Age (Hoabinhian Age) : Mesolithic Age (Hoabinhian Age) : 11,000 years age, Gua Musang, 11,000 years age, Gua Musang, KelantanKelantan

Pre-historical Ages of Malay Pre-historical Ages of Malay ArchipelagoArchipelago

Neolithic Age : 5,000 years ago, Gua Neolithic Age : 5,000 years ago, Gua Kelawar, PerakKelawar, Perak

Metal Age/Bronze and Iron Age: Metal Age/Bronze and Iron Age: 2,500 years ago, Slim River, Perak2,500 years ago, Slim River, Perak

Ancient Malaysia35,000 BC - 100 BC

Early Hindu Kingdoms100 BC - 1400 AD

Islam and the Golden Age of Malacca

1400 - 1511 AD

Colonial Malaysia1511 - 1957

Independence and Onwards

1957 - Present Day

Ancient Malaysia: 35,000 BC - 100 BC 

•35,000 years BC(Before Christ) - homo sapiens have been in Malaysia

- oldest known evidence of human habitation Niah Caves in Sarawak. (next)

•Historians - Malaysia's ancient past as something "shrouded in mystery," a kind of black hole in Asian history. - The truth is - not much archeological evidence or written records from ancient Malaysia.

(will take time to find them)

Hindu Kingdoms:   100 BC - 1400 AD 

The Malay Wedding Ceremony: a lasting legacy of early Indian influence.

(next)

In the Bujang Valley in Kedah is Malaysia's most extensive archeological site -- the

sprawling ruins of an ancient Hindu kingdom dating back to 300 AD. Over 50 tomb temples

dot the site, and hundreds of relics are on display in the nearby Bujang Valley

Archaeological Museum

Malay Peninsula - • Savarnadvipa (the Land of Gold - in early writings

from India).• Indian traders called mystical, fantastically wealthily

kingdom - gold, aromatic wood, and spices.• Indian also brought a pervasive culture & religions.

(Hinduism and Buddhism).• the most visible example of the early Indian influence is:

Islam and the Golden Age of Malacca:   1400 AD - 1511 AD 

Tome Pries, a Portuguese apothecary who visited Malacca in the early 16th

century, said that the city was "of such importance and profit that it seems to me

it has no equal in the world."

Portuguese settlement

Chinese influence (next)

•With these traders came Islam-rulers now referred to themselves as “sultans,“ (heads of a highly organized municipal government)

•Malacca -founded in 1400 by Palembang prince named Parameswara. -Perfectly located for trade -most influential port in Southeast Asia

•13th century -Srivijaya's influence declined -There were need for secure, well-equipped port in the region.

Highly Organized Municipal Government.

Syahbandars( harbor master)

Bendahara (chief minister)

Temenggung (customs official)

Laksamana (marine captain)

Pre-historical Ages of Malay Pre-historical Ages of Malay ArchipelagoArchipelago

Early Kingdoms in the Malay ArchipelEarly Kingdoms in the Malay Archipelagoago

The advent of Islam in South-The advent of Islam in South-east Asiaeast Asia

Gujarat (India): through Arabs and Gujarat (India): through Arabs and Persian merchants and traders in the Persian merchants and traders in the 13th century13th century

Spread to Malacca, Indonesia and the Spread to Malacca, Indonesia and the southern Philippinessouthern Philippines

The advent of Islam in South-The advent of Islam in South-east Asiaeast Asia

Srivijaya (Palembang, in Sumatra), Srivijaya (Palembang, in Sumatra), Buddhist Malay kingdom from the Buddhist Malay kingdom from the 9th to the 13th century AD9th to the 13th century AD

Majapahit (Java), Hindu kingdom Majapahit (Java), Hindu kingdom gaining control of the Malay gaining control of the Malay Peninsula in the 14th centuryPeninsula in the 14th century

Malacca Sultanate (1400)Malacca Sultanate (1400)

Founded by Parameswara in 1400 by Founded by Parameswara in 1400 by a prince from Palembanga prince from Palembang

When attacked by the Majapahit When attacked by the Majapahit army from Java, Parameswara fled army from Java, Parameswara fled from Palembang to from Palembang to Singapore(Tamasik), killed its ruler Singapore(Tamasik), killed its ruler Temagi represented by Ayhuthia Temagi represented by Ayhuthia (Siam)(Siam)

Malacca Sultanate (1400)Malacca Sultanate (1400)

Fled to Muar and then Malacca, when Fled to Muar and then Malacca, when attacked by Siam five years laterattacked by Siam five years later

Converted to Islam by marrying the Converted to Islam by marrying the daughter of Ruler of Pasai, changing daughter of Ruler of Pasai, changing name to Megat Iskandar Shahname to Megat Iskandar Shah

The rise of Malacca The rise of Malacca SultanateSultanate

Geographic: sea route between Geographic: sea route between China and India, protected and aided China and India, protected and aided by North East and South West by North East and South West monsoons, deep harbourmonsoons, deep harbour

Economic: entrepot of the Malay Economic: entrepot of the Malay Archipelago, proximity to spice and Archipelago, proximity to spice and pepper tradepepper trade

The rise of Malacca The rise of Malacca SultanateSultanate

Political and Administration: relation Political and Administration: relation with China, efficient administration, with China, efficient administration, good tax collecting system, just law, good tax collecting system, just law, Malay language, role of Islam, Malay language, role of Islam, political stabilitypolitical stability

REASON for MALACCA’S SUCCESS

Natural port & safety of its sea lanes.Commercial facilities:

- security within the town- protection of foreign merchants & goods

ex.: underground warehouse – fire & theft

REASON for MALACCA’S SUCCESS

Efficient legal & Administrative machinery

Undang-undang Melaka – ( Malaccan Law)

Undang-undang laut Melaka – ( Malaccan Meritime Law

4 Syahbandars (Harbour Masters) – Gujarati, Indian, Jawa & China.

REASON for MALACCA’S SUCCESS

Centre for spread the religion.

Good relation with big empires .

The fall of Malacca SultanateThe fall of Malacca Sultanate

Internal: no capable leaders after Tun Internal: no capable leaders after Tun Perak, palace intrigue (Muslim Tamils Perak, palace intrigue (Muslim Tamils against Malays), corruption, high against Malays), corruption, high taxestaxes

The fall of Malacca SultanateThe fall of Malacca Sultanate

External: discovery of sea route to External: discovery of sea route to the east through Cape of Good Hope the east through Cape of Good Hope by Barholomew Diaz in 1488, by Barholomew Diaz in 1488, traders moved to other ports, traders moved to other ports, attacked by Portuguese in 1511attacked by Portuguese in 1511