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EOARD
Space Technology 17 March 2011
Lt Col Brad Thompson
Program Manager
AFOSR/EOARD
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
AFOSR
Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 88ABW-2011-0797
2
EOARD Space TechnologyPortfolio Sub-Area Activity
NAME: Lt Col Brad Thompson
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO:
Discover world class research in space technology related to thermal
transport and space situational awareness (SSA) while providing
international engagement for AFOSR & AFRL Technical Directorates in
basic and developmental research
Propulsion (AFRL/RZSA, AFOSR)
Remote Sensing and Imaging
(AFRL/RDTE, RDSN)
Space Electronics (AFRL/RVSE)
Plasma Physics & Chemistry (AFRL/RVBX, AFOSR)
Power (AFRL/RXBN)
Thermal Control (AFRL/RVSS, AFOSR)
Space structures (AFRL/RVSV)
3
Current Projects
Russia
Spacecraft Surface
Optical Properties
France
Rocket Engine Injectors
Organic Thin Film Transistors
Atmospheric Chemistry
Power density of linear compressor
Thin laminate flexures sustained bending
United Kingdom
Germany
Atmospheric Chemistry
Faint Object Detection
Sweden
Nonlinear thermal effects
Spain
Magnetic nozzles for plasma
Italy
Non-Volitile memory
Spinodal heat transfer
LiH analysis for propulsion
Photovoltaic hybrid
4
Portfolio Strategy/Direction
• Aligned with Space Situational Awareness efforts (DCT # 4)
– SSA goal: Ubiquitous knowledge of all orbiting objects, their
capabilities and intent, and the environment they operate
in/through
– How portfolio contributes to goal:
• Pursuing work in the modeling of non-conservative forces
on satellites to provide more accurate prediction of orbits
(ie solar pressure, electro static force effect modeling, etc)
• Working with AFRL to set up a European SSA workshop
• Current portfolio includes work contributing to modeling
near space environment
5
Portfolio Strategy/Direction (cont)
• Aligned with thermal transport phenomena (DCT # 7)
– DCT # 7 goal: Discover new techniques for understanding
thermal phenomena at multiple time & length scales
– How portfolio contributes to goal:
• Pursuing experimental and theoretical work on heat
transfer at the nano scale
• Initiated European workshop on experimental and
theoretical non-equilibrium thermodynamics
(“Thermodynamics: can macro learn from nano?”, 23-25
May 2011)
6
Portfolio Strategy/Direction (cont)
• Provides support to space related basic research
interests/requests across AFRL
Space Propulsion
RZS (Edwards)
Dr Ivett Leyva
Dr Doug Talley
Dr Jerry Boatz
Dr Jean Luc Cambier
Space Electronics (Kirtland)
RVSE
Dr James Lyke
Dr Ashwani Sharma
Dr Arthur Edwards
Mr Clay Mayberry
Remote Sensing & Imaging
RDSM (Maui)
Dr Gudimetla Venkata
RDTE (Kirtland)
Maj Justin White
Plasma Physics and
Chemistry
RVBX (Hanscom)
Dr Al Viggiano
Dr David Cooke
AFOSR
RSE
Dr Kent Miller
Dr Cassandra
Fesen
Dr Mitat Birkan
Dr Kumar Jata
RSA
Dr Charles Lee
Space Structures (Kirtland)
RVSV
Dr Thomas Murphy
Thermal Control (Kirtland)
RVSS
Ms Erin Pettyjohn
Power (WPAFB)
RXBN
Dr Benji Maruyama
7
Research Examples: Overview
– Dr Szymon Gladysz, “Dim object detection and
characterization through multi-frame imaging”, European
Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern
Hemisphere, Germany
– Professor John Plane, “Magnesium Chemistry in the Upper
Atmosphere,” University of Leeds, UK
– Linke, “Nonlinear thermal effects in ballistic electron devices”,
Lund University, Sweden
8
Dim object detection and characterization through multi-frame imaging
• Dr Szymon Gladysz, European Organization for Astronomical
Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Germany, (funding
source: EOARD)
– Works with Dr Gudimetla Venkata at AFRL/RDSM
• Intro/background
– Looking at the statistics of multi frame images to detect faint objects
in the presence of bright ones
– Focus on modeling and exploiting peculiar statistical properties of
AO speckle patterns with the goal of enhancing signals and
suppressing noise
Three
telescopes
(3, 5 and 8m)
measurements theory
9
Dim object detection and characterization through multi-frame imaging (cont)
• Expected/desired application to space tech: The identification of
satellites and satellite characteristics in „noisy‟ backgrounds
Left: traditional imaging
Right: additional statistical information
3m Licktelescope
Simulated 10m telescope
PI: Gladysz
10
Magnesium Chemistry in the Upper Atmosphere
• Professor John Plane, University of Leeds, UK, (funding source:
EOARD)
– Works with Dr Al Viggiano at AFRL/RVBX
• Grant objectives:
– Study the ion-molecule chemistry of magnesium relevant to
ionospheric sporadic E layers
– Study the reactions of neutral magnesium species which
control the Mg layer observed around 87 km
– Produce a new model of atmospheric magnesium, using the
measured rate coefficients. Evaluate and optimise this
model by comparing with satellite and rocket measurements
of Mg+ and Mg
11
Magnesium Chemistry in the Upper Atmosphere (cont)
Magnesium chemistry in the
upper mesosphere/lower
thermosphere
This project studied 16 ion-molecule
reactions and 5 neutral reactions
•blue arrows: reactions studied in the
EOARD project
•black arrows: previously studied by the
Leeds group
•grey arrows: remain to be studied, but
rate constants can be estimated reliably
•thicker arrows indicate more important
reaction pathways
PI John Plane, U. of Leeds, UK
12
Magnesium Chemistry in the Upper Atmosphere (cont)
Concentration / cm-3
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Altitude /
km
80
90
100
110
Mg
Mg+
Mg(OH)2
July, 40o N
Concentration / cm-3
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Altitude / k
m
80
90
100
110
Mg
Mg+
Mg(OH)2
January, 40o N • 1-D mesosphere/lower thermosphere
model
•Mg column density shows very little
seasonal variation, and is about 2 x 109
cm-2
•Mg+ column density doubles from 3 to 6
x 109 cm-2 from winter to summer
•Absolute concentrations and
seasonal changes are in excellent
agreement with satellite & rocket data
•Model to be used in the Whole
Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model
(WACCM) produced by the National
Center for Atmospheric Research
(Boulder)
Atmospheric modelling
PI John Plane, U. of Leeds, UK
13
Nonlinear thermal effects in ballistic electron devices
• Professor Heiner Linke, The Nanometer Structure Consortium at
Lund University, Sweden (funding source: EOARD)
– This work addresses thermal phenomena in nonlinear
response, with the goal to explore fundamentally new effects
and functionalities that may enable game-changing, novel
devices, and enhanced performance
In preliminary results, found that a horizontal thermal gradient in device with asymmetric obstacles ((a)
shows an electron microscope image) creates a vertical voltage response (T = 2K) (b) (unpublished)
a) b)
14
Nonlinear thermal effects in ballistic electron devices (cont)
• Specific aims
– Rectification of heat flow
• Explore if nanoscale obstacles
partially rectify heat carried by
electrons
– Transverse thermoelectric effect in
asymmetric devices
• Explore physical origins of
discovered perpendicular thermo
voltage introduced by asymmetric
obstacles for ballistic electrons
– Theoretical framework for nonlinear
thermal effects in ballistic devices
– Prediction and test of conditions of
enhanced performance
15
Contact Information
Lt Col Brad Thompson
EOARD
Unit 4515
APO, AE 09421-0014
DSN: 314-235-6163
COMM: +44 1895 616 163