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30

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ADDITIONAL MATERIALS

A WJEC pink 16-page answer booklet.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Use black ink or black ball-point pen.Write your answers in the separate answer booklet provided.Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of the answer booklet.Answer questions 1 and 2 and either 3 or 4 in Section A.Answer questions 5 and 6 and either 7 or 8 in Section B.Answer one question in Section C.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part-question; you are advised to divide your time accordingly.This paper requires that you make as full use as possible of appropriate examples and reference to data to support your answers. Sketch maps and diagrams should be included where relevant.

VP*(S18-1110U30-1)© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

GCE A LEVEL – NEW

1110U30-1

GEOGRAPHY – A2 unit 3Global Systems and Global Governance

FRIDAY, 8 JUNE 2018 – AFTERNOON

2 hours

S18-1110U30-1

(1110U30-1)

2

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Section A: Global Systems

Answer questions 1 and 2 and either 3 or 4.

Make the fullest possible use of examples in support of your answers.

Figure 1: Storm hydrographs for two similar streams in Washington State, USA

1. (a) Use Figure 1 to compare the peak discharge of the storm hydrographs. [3]

(b) Outline how one change of land use within a river catchment can lead to the generation of excess runoff. [4]

10

25

30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

20

15

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0

January 2000 February 2000

Dis

char

ge(c

ubic

feet

per

sec

ond

per s

quar

e m

ile)

Source: https://pubs.usgs.gov

Newaukum CreekMercer Creek

Key:

Turn over.

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0U

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3

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© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

2. (a) Explain the process of peat formation. [5]

(b) Suggest how peat extraction and/or drainage could lead to changes in the carbon store in the area shown in Figure 2.

[5]

Either

3. Assess the importance of meteorological factors as a cause of deficit within the water cycle. [18]

Or

4. Examine reasons for changes in the atmospheric carbon store over time. [18]

Figure 2: Peatland near Llyn Teifi in the Cambrian Mountains, Wales

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© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Section B: Global Governance: Change and Challenges

Answer questions 5 and 6, and either 7 or 8.

Make the fullest possible use of examples in support of your answers.

Figure 3: The results of a survey in different countries about attitudes towards immigration, 2015

Adapted from Pew Research Centre

5. (a) Suggest how economic factors may have affected people’s attitudes towards immigration in countries such as those shown in Figure 3. [5]

(b) Outline two political factors that can affect the volume of migration. [4]

Key:Poland

Sweden

UK

DisapproveApprove

0 10 20 30 40 50 70 80 90 100%60

Percentage of survey group asked about immigration into their country who said they:

Turn over.(1110U30-1)

5

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

6. (a) Use Figure 4 to describe changes in the balance of maritime power. [3]

(b) Outline how state sovereignty over islands can become a source of geopolitical tension. [5]

Either

7. Assess the importance of poverty as a cause of economic migration. [18]

Or

8. Assess the success of strategies to manage marine environments sustainably. [18]

Figure 4: Changes in the maritime power of USA and China

Adapted from The Economist

19700

100

200

300

400

75

China

USA

80 85 90 102000 0595Year

Num

ber o

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© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Figure 6: Net migration within Europe in 2014

Section C: 21st Century Challenges

Answer either question 9 or question 10.

In your answer to either question 9 or 10, you should use the maps in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 and apply your knowledge and understanding from across the whole specification.

Either

9. Discuss the view that fewer people will live in rural areas in the future. [26]

Or

10. To what extent can rural areas be protected from change? [26]

Rural regionsRural regionswith some urbandevelopmentUrban regions

0 400 800 km

N

Source: http://ec.europa.eu

Net migrationper 1000 people

lower than – 4– 4 to –10 to +3+4 to +7+8 or higherdata not available

0 400 800 km

N

Source: http://ec.europa.eu

Figure 5: Rural and urban regions of Europe (excludes non-EU states)

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© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Projected percentagechange

– 40– 20– 10– 5No change

+ 5+ 10+ 20+ 40

0 400 800 km

N

Figure 7: Projected precipitation changes in Europe by 2100 (without climate change mitigation)

Source: http://ec.europa.eu

Figure 8: National Parks in England and Wales

Source: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

National Parks are protected rural areas on account of their beautiful countryside, wildlife and cultural heritage. People live and work in the National Parks and the farms, villages and towns are protected along with the natural environment.

END OF PAPER

0 50 100 150 200 250 km

Northumberland

North York Moors

Broads

South DownsNew Forest

Dartmoor

Exmoor

PembrokeshireCoast

BreconBeacons

Peak DistrictSnowdonia

Lake District

YorkshireDales

N

Key:

National Park

E N G L A N DW AA L E SAA