11111 K. Yamamoto, R. Takahashi A, H. Tanaka, T. Miyamoto, K. Ono, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sakakibara, M. Kamiizumi, E. Hirose, A. Khalaidovski, R. Kumar, T

11111

K. Yamamoto, R. TakahashiA, H. Tanaka, T. Miyamoto, K. Ono, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sakakibara, M. Kamiizumi, E. Hirose, A. Khalaidovski, R.

Kumar, T. Uchiyama, S. Miyoki, T. AkutsuA, H. IshizakiA, T. SuzukiB, N. KimuraB,

T. TomaruB, S. KoikeB, Y. AsoA, T. UshibaC, D. ChenD, K. SomiyaE, R. DeSalvoF, E. MajoranaG, L. NaticchioniG, W. JohnsonH, A. CummingI,

R. DouglasI, K. HaughianI, I. MartinI, P. MurrayI, G. HammondI , S. RowanI , G. HofmannJ, C. SchwarzJ, D. HeinertJ, R. NawrodtJ, KAGRA collaboration

ICRR.UT, NAOJA, KEKB, Phys.S.UTC, Astro.S.UTD, S.TITE, Sannio Univ.F, INFNG, Louisiana State Univ.H , University of GlasgowI,

Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet JenaJ

Development of cryogenic payload

for KAGRA V

2014 September 20The meeting of Physical Society of Japan

@Honjo campus, Saga University, Saga, Saga

2

0. Abstract

Although there are many topics, here,I will explain

(1)Cryostat(2)Monolithic sapphire suspension

3

Contents

1.Introduction2.Cryostat3.Sapphire suspension4.Summary

44

1. Introduction

444

3km3km

MozumiY-end Sakonishi

X-end

AtotsuCenter

Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit, Cryostat, Cryogenic payload

Schematic view of KAGRA interferometerFour mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled.

Kamioka mine (Underground site)

55

Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat

1. Introduction

14 m

66

Cryogenic mirror

Cryostat

Vibration Isolation


1. Introduction

14 m

7

to SAS

View ports

Remote valve unit

4 Low vibration cryocooler unit

Main LASER beam

Cryostat Stainless steel t20mm Diameter 2.6m Height ~3.6m M ~ 10 ton

Cryo-coolers Pulse tube, 60Hz 0.9 W at 4K (2nd) 36 W at 50K (1st)

Outline of cryostatCryogenic

payload

Mirror

1. Introduction

S. Koike


88888

Pulse tube cryocoolers



Heat link (pure Al or Cu)

Sapphire mirror (About 20K)

Heat link (pure Al or Cu)

Sapphire fiber

9999999

2 Pulse tube cryocoolers



Baffles Radiation shield

Cryo duct1. Introduction

10

2. Cryostat

10

One year ago, the cryostats were moved to the warehouse near Kamioka.

10

11

2. Cryostat

11

In this August, the first cryostat was installed at Y end !

11

Y arm

X arm

Y end

New Atotsu

12

2. Cryostat

12

Cryostat in warehouse

12

13

2. Cryostat

13

In front of the warehouse ….

13

14

2. Cryostat

14

In front of warehouse …

14

15

2. Cryostat

15

Mission on the midnight …

15

16

2. Cryostat

16

Cart in front of entrance of KAGRA site

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17

2. Cryostat

17

Cryostat on the cart at KAGRA site entrance !

17

18

2. Cryostat

18

In tunnel

18

19

2. Cryostat

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In tunnel …

19

20

2. Cryostat

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Y end

20

21

2. Cryostat

21

Y end

21

22

2. Cryostat

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Y end

22

23

2. Cryostat

23

In this October, the second cryostat will be installed at X end !

23

Y arm

X arm

Y end

New Atotsu

X end

24242424242424




Baffles Radiation shield

Y. Sakakibara talk

Cryo duct2. Cryostat

25252525252525

Y. Sakakibara talk (Measurement of radiation through duct, evaluation of scattered light noise)

Baffle

Duct

Duct

Baffle

Cryostat

Mirror

Scattered light

2. Cryostat Cryo duct

26

“Sapphire monolithic lop-eared suspension”

One of the most importantparts of KAGRA : Main sapphire mirrorsare included.

All parts are made from sapphire.

3. Sapphire suspension

27

3. Sapphire suspension D. Chen talk

Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding

2828

Current status1.R&D for components (fiber, bonding technique …) Strength, thermal resistance, mechanical loss … Largest concern : Mechanical loss, especially, Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding We will measure soon !2. Prototype One fiber prototype Full size prototype


29

Strength test of sapphire fibers with nail heads in Glasgow (G. Hammond, E. Majorana)Fiber suspended weight. Moreover, weight was swung or pulled.

15kg test hang

Broken jointed end

Broken jointed end


30

Strength test of sapphire fibers with nail heads in Glasgow (G. Hammond, E. Majorana)Fiber suspend weight. Moreover, weight was swung or pulled.G. Hammond reported in ELiTES meeting (December 2013).https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7

Safety factor derived from measurement : 3 - 16

Broken jointed end


https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7

3131

HCB shear strength test at cryogenic temperature(Strength vs crystal direction)Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian

Preliminary



Requirement : 1 MPa


323232

3. Sapphire suspension Strength of HCB after thermal cycle (D. Chen)

333333

3. Sapphire suspension Strength of HCB after thermal cycle (D. Chen)

Thermal resistance


34

Paper about thermal conductivity measurement sapphire fibers with nail heads was accepted !

Thermal conductivity is enough high for KAGRA.


35

Thermal resistance (HCB and indium bonding, D. Chen)

Preliminary

Further investigation is necessary, but, this result does not look bad …


36

Mechanical dissipation

Long fiber, reproducibility …

Sapphire fiber with nail head (D. Chen, E. Majorana)

Rome


37Mechanical loss of HCB will be measured soon.


Mechanical loss of indium (Jena) : D. Chen talk


38

Thermal noise calculation (D. Chen, R. Kumar)

Mechanical loss of indium looks enough small.



39

One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time, for smaller risk of full size prototype)

Assembly : October

(D. Chen, H. Tanaka)


40

Full size prototypePreparation for (similar size) prototype of lop-eared is in progress.

41414141414141

Cleaning up of cooled sapphire mirror


Cooled sapphire mirror is contaminated (gas).Warming up in short time is necessary.

4242424242424242424242424242T. Tomaru talk

3. Sapphire suspension Warming up by CO2 laser

43

Acknowledgement

43

ELiTES: ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope Exchange of Scientists Grant for collaboration about cryogenic between KAGRA and ET European 7th Framework Programme Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 - Feb. 2016)

European people can visit Japan for KAGRA.

44

7. SummaryCryostat The first (second) cryostats was (will be) installed at Y (X) - end of KAGRA site on August (October).

Cryo duct Heat transmittance and scattered light noise (Y. Sakakibara talk)

45

7. SummarySapphire lop-eared monolithic suspension (D. Chen talk) R&D for components Concern : Mechanical loss, especially, Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding. We will measure soon ! Prototype (one fiber, full size) Preparation is in progress.

Cleaning up of contaminated cooled sapphire mirror Warming up by CO2 laser in short time (T. Tomaru talk)

46

Thank you for your attention !

47

Sapphire fibers with nail heads

Quality check under collaboration with ET (ELiTES) Q-value Measurement in Glasgow, Jena, Rome and Tokyo Thermal conductivity Measurement in Jena, Rome and Tokyo Strength Measurement in Glasgow


48

Latest summary of Q and thermal conductivity

Moltech IMPEX KAGRA requirement

Q-value 107 1*106 5*106

at 20K -6*106

Thermal Conductivity 3000 5000 5000at 20K [W/m/K] -6000

Sapphire fibers with nail heads

IMPEX fibers satisfy the KAGRA requirement.


4949

Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirrorDiffusion bonding Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding (AdLIGO and Virgo)If fibers are broken, bonding parts must be taken apart …Candidates : Indium, Optical contact, Screws

Test (in progress or near future plan) Strength test (tensile and shear) : KEK Thermal resistance : ICRR Mechanical dissipation : Jena and Glasgow (ELiTES)


5050

Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirrorHydroxide Catalysis Bonding


Si

Si Si Si O

O O O

OH OH OH OH

Bulk Silica

Bonding solution with lots of free OH - ions

OH - ions from the bonding s olution fill any open bonds on the surface

OH - ions form weak bonds with surface Si atoms

Bonds be tween the Si atoms and the bulk weaken due to the extra OH - ions bonding to the Si atom

Si

Si Si O

O O O

OH

Bulk Silica

Bonding solution with lots of free OH - ions

OH OH

OH

Si(OH) 5 -

Silicate molecule breaking away from the bulk and into the bonding solution

SiO2 SiO2

Bond

OH

H

Si

i

OH

H

OH

H

H2O

OH H O Si

OH

OH

H

Si

OH

OH

H2O

OH H O Si

OH

OH

H2O

OH H O


Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013).


5151

Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirror Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding (Rebecca Douglas[Glasgow], GWADW2013). Strength (about 60 MPa) measured by her is 10 times larger than those of previous papers. T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics; Conference Series 32(2006)309. A. Dari et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27(2010)045010.

Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian stayed in Japan in the last autumn. Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013). https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7



5252

Some items for future research (not perfect list)

(a)Investigation material properties (Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.) of coating, fiber and so on.(b)Sapphire bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp(c)Control and damping scheme Actuators and sensors at cryogenic temperature(d) Mechanical and thermal simulation for payload(e) Vertical spring in cryostat(f) Reduction of initial cooling time Thermal resistance of clamp .... (g) Baffles for scattered light in radiation shield(h) Assembly procedure

7. For future

53

8. SummaryCryostat : Assembly is in progress. Cooling test is coming soon.Cryogenic duct : Optimum position of 5 buffles Future work : scattered lightCryocooler unit : Cooling test and vibration measurement : OKCryogenic payload Preparation for 1/4 cryostat to check payload performance is in progress. Current main R&D topics Inital cooling time, Sapphire fiber with nail head, Coating mechanical loss, Vibration of shield

54

2. Issues

(1)How to assemble Details of construction, clean room ….

(2)Strength Tensile strength, development of clamp, sapphire bonding …

(3)Control and damping system to reduce fluctuation and instability Actuators (what and where), resonant mode (frequency and Q) and so on

55

2. Issues

(4)Cooling

Temperature of mirror (below 20 K), initial cooling time, heat resistance of clamp …

(5)Noise

Thermal noise, vibration via vibration isolation system and heat links …

56565656565656

Metal blade spring for vertical vibration isolation Cryogenic test is in progress in Kashiwa.

Q measurement of wires to suspend masses (except for mirror) is in progress (tungsten, CuBe, …)

Measurement of magnetism of mass and black coatingControl system Cryogenic tests are in progress. Stepping motor to adjust angle of masses : KEK Optical sensor (a candidate to monitor mass motion) : ICRR

5. Other topics

57

After Yusuke left …. Clamp for IMPEX fibers in Jena

4. Sapphire fibers

58

Profile measurement in Glasgow

4. Sapphire fibers

59

Q measurement in Jena

5. Sapphire suspensionSapphire fibers with nail heads

Documents

11111 K. Yamamoto, R. Takahashi A, H. Tanaka, T. Miyamoto, K. Ono, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sakakibara, M. Kamiizumi, E. Hirose, A. Khalaidovski, R. Kumar, T