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General AwarenessTo p s c o r e m a k i n g T i p s

Bank Lending Rates(As on October 31, 2011)

Bank Rate : 6.00%Bank rate is the rate at which RBIlends long term loans to commercialbanks.

Repo Rate : 8.50%Repo rate is the rate at which RBIprovides short term loans to commer-cial banks.

Reverse Repo Rate : 7.50%Reverse Repo Rate is the rate of in-terest RBI provide to the commer-cial banks for keeping their excessfund with RBI.

Cash Reserve Ratio : 6.00%It is the amount the commercialbanks must keep as reserve withRBI.

Statutory Liquidity Ratio : 24%SLR - It is the amount banks are re-quired to maintain as liquid asset in theform of gold, cash and approved se-curities.

Prime Lending RatePrime Lending Rate is the interest ratecharged by banks to their most secure,trustworthy customers on short termloans.

Base Rate : 9.5% – 10.75%Base rate – The rate of interest used

by commercial banks as a basis fortheir lending rates.

Savings Bank Interest RateSavings – They are the most populardeposits for individual accounts; w.e.f25, October, 2011, RBI deregulated SBInterest rates.

India & Afghanistan signed the Stra-tegic Partnership Agreement (SPA)

On October 4, 2011 India and Af-ghanistan signed their first ever Stra-tegic Partnership Agreement to boostbilateral relations in different areas.The agreement was signed in Delhiin the presence of Dr. ManmohanSingh and visiting Afghanistan Presi-dent Hamid Karzai.India will train Afghan security forcesto help them deal with situations af-ter the foreign forces leave Afghani-stan in 2014. Both the country willwork for checking international ter-rorism, organized crimes, illegal traf-ficking of narcotics and money laun-dering. Afghan will support India tosecure permanent seat in UN Secu-rity Council.

Meeting of Trade Ministers of India andPakistan was held in New Delhi on Sep-tember 28, 2011. Indian Commerce andIndustry Minister Mr. Anand Sharma andhis Pakistan counterpart Mr. MakhdoomAmin Fahim meeting was part of resump-

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tion of formal peace talk between the twonations. It is decided to create a realisticframe work for improving bilateral eco-nomic ties.What is PPP ?Public Private Partnership

The Centre on September 27, 2011came out with a draft National Pub-lic Private Partnership (PPP) Policyfor improving transperancy and pro-mote infrastructure sector projects.

BPL PopulationIn an Affidavit presented to the Su-preme Court, the Planning Commis-sion says that the total BPL Popula-tion now being served by the PublicDistribution System (PDS) is 35.98crore. The Tendulkar Committee hadcalled for that number to be revisedto 40.74 crore on the basis of pro-jected population on March 1, 2005.The affidavit says that only those in-dividual consuming less than Rs. 32per day in urban area and Rs. 26 inrural area will be treated as poor.Suresh Tendulkar Committee earlierpegged the poverty line at Rs. 447 amonth or about Rs. 15 a day at 2004-05 prices.

PM addresses UN General Assem-bly

Dr. Manmohan Singh addressed 66thsession of the UN General Assem-bly in Newyork, USA on September24, 2011.

Rs. 18500 crore for Delhi-MumbaiIndustrial corridor

The Union Cabinet approved on Sep-tember 15, 2011 the proposal for in-fusion of Rs. 18500 crore in the Delhi-

Mumbai Industrial Corridor Develop-ment Corporation (DMICDC).The 1483 km project running throughseven states - Delhi, Uttar Pradesh,Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, MadhyaPradesh and Maharashtra - will comeup along with the proposed Delhi-Mumbai dedicated rail freight corridor.

Name the former Afghanistan Presidentkilled in suicide bomb blast - BurhanuddinRabbani (Sept. 20, 2011).The Nord Stream Gas Pipeline

The Nord Stream Pipeline is a $ 12.5billion, 1200 km pipeline built acrossthe Baltic sea from Russia to Ger-many.On September 5, 2011, the pipelinewas inaguarated.

20% increase of poverty in USAThe US Census Bureau reveals thatthe incidence of poverty in the USjumped by a staggering 20% in 2010from 12.5% of population to 15.1%.The report titled Income, Poverty andHealth Insurance coverage in the US:2010 said that 46.2 million Americanswere in poverty after the 2008 finan-cial crisis.

What is the amount included in thejob package US president BarackObama announced recently

$ 447 BillionWhat is NSRA?

Nuclear Safety Regulatory Author-ity Bill 2011 was tabled in Lok Sabhaon September 2011. NSRA is cre-ated to bring about much needed in-dependence and transparency in ad-ministering the safety oversight ofnuclear operations in India.

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Comptroller and Auditor General ofIndia (CAG) who has been appointedas the External Auditor of IAEA andWIPRO

Vinod RaiIAEA is International Atomic EnergyAgency, a UN Agency with head-quarters at Vienna, Austria.WIPRO is World Intellectual Prop-erty Organisation, a UN Agency withheadquarters in Geneva.

India and Uruguay signed a DoubleTaxation Avoidance Agreement(DTAA) on September 8, 2011.

The agreement is aimed at prevent-ing fiscal evasion with respect to taxeson income and capital.

Tiangong-1: China’s first space labmodule was launched aboard a LongMarch 2FTI rocket on September28, 2011. The launch was the first keystep in the country’s objective of be-coming only the third country, afterRussia and the US to assemble itsown space station.NATO shares missile technologywith India.

The North Atlantic TreatyOrganisation (NATO) announced inSeptember 2011 that it would shareits missile defence with India.

Importance of November 14?Both Children’s Day and World Dia-betes Day.

India-Bangladesh TreatyOn September 6, 2011, India andBangladesh signed a treaty to solvelong standing border dispute. The pactwas signed in Dhaka in the presence

of Dr. Manmohan Singh andBangladesh Prime Minister SheikhHasina.

Which Chief Minister went on 3 daysfast in September 2011?

Narendra Modi of Gujarat.The fact was part of the ChiefMinister’s Sadbhavana Missionaimed fostering communal harmonyin Gujarat.November 9 : Legal Service Day

12th Five Year PlanUnion Cabinet on September 15, 2011approved the approach paper for the12th Five Year Plan (2012-17).12th Plan seek to raise the annualeconomic growth rate to 9% duringthe five year period. (11th Five YearPlan aimed to raise economic growthto 8.2%).Now the approach paper will beplaced before the National Develop-ment Council (NDC), the final au-thority to approve Five Year Plans inIndia.The chairman of both Planning Com-mission and National DevelopmentCouncil is the Prime Minister ofIndia.

The new Chief Minister ofUttarakhand is Bhuwan ChandraKhanduri. He belong to which politi-cal party?

Bharatiya Janatha Party (BJP)Who is the chairman of NMCC?

V. KrishnamurthyNMCC is the newly reconstitutedNational Manufacturing Competitiveness Council. The NMCC is a 28

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member body which has the ChiefEconomic Advisor Kaushik Basu andthe International Economic RelationsJudge Isher Ahluwalia as two econo-mists.

G 7 Finance Chief MeetG-7 Finance Chiefs met on Septem-ber 9, 2011 at Marseilles, France todiscuss the measures to overcomethe financial crisis the major econo-mies of the World faces today.France is the chairman of G-7 atpresent.

India external debt $ 305.9 billion“India External DebtA Status Report 2011-12” releasedby the Union Finance Ministry onSept. 9, 2011 revealed that thecountry’s external debt surged by17.2% to $305.9 billion at the end ofMarch 2011.This figure marked an increase of$44.9 billion over the March 2010level when it stood pegged as $261billion.

Bank deposits and Advances doublesin four years

As per “the profile of Banks 2010-11” released by RBI on Sept. 2, 2011,the deposits and advances of allScheduled Commercial Banks(SCBs) doubled over the last fouryears.The deposits grew by 18.3% and ad-vances grew by 22.9% during 2010-11.The share of public sector banks inthe total deposits and advances is78% and 77% respectively.

Public sector banks have drawn thegrowth of deposits and advances at2.2% and 2.3% respectively in theindustry for the last four years.The growth of deposits and advancesfor private sector bank in 2010-11 wasstronger than that of PSBs and stoodat 21.9% and 26.1% respectively.Besides the business per employeeand Profit Per Employee (PPE) ofall SCBs grow by 13.8% and 16.5%respectively in 2010-11The PPE of all SCBs have grownfrom Rs. 3.48 lakh crore in 2006-2007to Rs. 7 lakh crore in 2010-11.The ratio of banking industry’s NonPerforming Assets (NPAs) was alsothe lowest in the last four years at0.97

The centre has announced on Sep-tember 29, 2011 a hefty increase ofRs. 52800 crore in market borrow-ings during the current 2011-12fiscal.

The reason behind the rise in borrow-ing include a lower-than-budgettedrevenue collection following a slowdown in growth and a sharp declinein small saving collection.As a result the centre’s gross mar-ket borrowing for the entire 2011-12fiscal is set to increase to 4.7 lakhcrore.The gross borrowing during 2010-11was Rs. 4.37 lakh crore.

Fiscal deficit target of the country atpresent is 4.6% of GDP.India’s foreign exchange reserve ason Sept 23, 2011

$ 312.70 billion.

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For the week ended on Sept. 2, 2011,the country’s forex reserve hadreached an all time high of $ 320.76billion.

South Asia ForumThe first South Asia Forum Meetingtook place on September 8, 2011 inNew Delhi.

Defence Minister has recently de-cided to disinvest which public sec-tor undertaking?

H.A.L.Defence Ministry has approved 10%disinvestment of Hindustan Aeronau-tics Limited (HAL).

Name the hypersonic missile Indiadeveloped at present?

ShouryaExpected food grain production is235.88 million tonne.

Releasing the data on Third Ad-vanced Estimate of production theMinistry of Agriculture said the totalfood grain production is likely to be235.88 million tonne in 2010-11.

Jnanpith Award 2009Eminent Hindi authors Mr. Amar Kantand Mr. Shrilal Shukla shared theaward.

Jnanpith Award 2010Renowned Kannada writer Mr.Chandra sekhara Kambar won it for2010.

The spirit of cricket award of ICCwas won by M.S. Dhoni, the Captainof Indian Cricket Team.Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2010

Mr. K. Balachander, doyen of TamilCinema

Miss Leila Lopes of Angola won Ms.Universe 2011 at the contest held inSao Paula, Brazil.Which Indian state was mostly af-fected by the earthquake in Septem-ber 9, 2011.

Sikkim. Around 60 people died inSikkim. The most affected place inSikkim is Mangan. It was theepicentre of the earthquake whichread 6.8 in Richter Scale.

US Open 2011Men’s Singles: Novak Djokovic(Serbia) defeated Rafael Nadal(Spain).Women’s Single: Samantha Stosur(Australia) won over Serena Williams(USA).

Helle Thorning Schmidt was electedthe first woman Prime Minister ofDenmark on Sept. 15, 2011.N. Srinivasan is the new Presidentof the Board of Control for Cricketin India (BCCI).Who is popularly known as Tiger inIndian Cricket?

Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi. The leg-endary cricker passed away in Sept.2011.

Rohit Nandan has been appointedthe Chairman cum Managing Direc-tor (CMD) of Air India.What is the difference between LokPal Bill and Jan Lok Pal Bill?

Lok Pal Bill is a bill proposed by theGovernment of India to root out cor-ruption from public life.Anna Hazare led civil society arguethat the government bill is dilutedversion (e.g., the serving P.M is out-

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side the purview of the Bill) and pro-poses this version of Lok Pal withmore teeth which is termed Jan LokPal Bill.

Pact to set up Gorkhaland Territo-rial Administration (GTA).

An agreement was signed to set upGorkhaland Territorial Administration(GTA). GTA will be the elected bodyfor the management of the affairs ofDarjeeling Hills, a past of West Ben-gal.

$1 billion World Bank loan to cleanGanga.

India signed a loan agreement withWorld Bank on June 14, 2011 to bringin $1 billion (Rs. 4600 crore) to cleanGanga Project.World Bank also agreed to providetwo additional loans. One forstrengthening rural livelihood ($15.6million) and the other for conserva-tion of Biodiversity ($ 8.14 million),under these two loan agreements,two protected areas - Little Rann ofKachchh in Gujarat and Askot land-scape in Uttarakhand have been se-lected where model of managing pro-tected areas while safeguarding live-lihood of local communities will beput in place.

What is MSEs?Micro and Small Enterprises. It is saidthat during 2008-09. MSEs contrib-uted 8.72% of Gross Domestic prod-uct.

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award 2011Gagan Narang (Shooting)

What is FDI?Foreign Direct Investment

According to figures released on Au-gust 17, 2011, India and China sawits FDI surge in the first half of 2011.India’s FDI increased 53.8% to Rs.75, 506 crore ($16.68 billion) duringJanuary - June 2011.China’s FDI increased 18.57% to$69.19 billion (Rs. 313,349 crore) inthe first six months of 2011.

Brazil wins Under 20 World CupIn the final held in Bogota, Colom-bia, they defeated Portugal 3-2.

Which game is Sebastian Vettel as-sociated with ?

Formula 1 car race.Who won India– England Test seriesheld in 2011 ?

England won all four matches and thescore of the series is 4–0.

Who figured in the seventh positionin the list of World’s 100 most pow-erful women 2011 released by theForbes Magazine in 2011.

Sonia Gandhi, the Congress Presidentand UPA Chairperson.M.P. Veerendrakumar is chairman ofPress Trust of India (PTI).

Who has been appointed, the newPresident of IAAF?

Lamine Diack of Senegal has beenappointed the President of Interna-tional Association of Athletics Fed-eration (IAAF).

PSLV-C17 puts GSAT-12 in OrbitThe PSLV-C17 launched latest com-munication satellite GSAT-12 in orbiton July 15, 2011 from the SathishDhawan Space Centre inShriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

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Elections in four states and oneUnion Territory.State Chief MinisterWest Bengal Mamata Banerji

(Trinamool Congress)Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalitha (AIADMK)Kerala Omman Chandy

(Congress)Assam Tarun Gogai (Congress)Puducherry N. Rangaswamy

(N.R. Congress)Where is Abbottabad?

Pakistan. On May 2, 2011 US forceskilled Al Qaeda leader Osama BinLaden at Abbottabad in Pakistan.The operation was code named Op-eration Neptune Spear. (OperationGeronimo)

Census 2011 (15th Census of Indiasince 1872).Population of India : 1.21 billionMales : 623.7 million (51.54%)Females : 586.5 million (48.46%)Sex Ratio : 940Literacy : 74%India won the ICC World Cup 2011

In the final at Wankhede Stadium,Mumbai on April 2, 2011, India de-feated Sri Lanka to lift 2011 ICCWorld Cup.This is the second time India wins -in 1983 and 2011Yuvaraj Singh was judged the Manof the Series.M.S. Dhoni, the Captain was theMan of the Final.

What is LDCs?Least Developed Countries.As a step towards economic pack-age to the least developed countries,India on June 3, 2011 extended DutyFree Market access to Afghanistan.

Name the German Chancellor whovisited India on May 31, 2011

Angela Merkel. She has beenawarded the prestigious JawaharlalNehru Award for International Un-derstanding for the year 2009.

Where did the second India-AfricaForum Summit was held in May 2011.

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. India wasrepresented in the meeting by Dr.Manmohan Singh.In the summit Dr. Singh announcedthat India would offer $ 5 billion inthe next three years under line ofcredit to help Africa achieve it’s de-velopment goal. He has also offeredan additional $700 million for new in-stitutions and training to be estab-lished in consultation with the Afri-can Union.He also announced $ 300 million asIndian support for the developmentof a new railway line from landlockedEthiopia to Djibouti.Apart from Ethiopia, Dr. Singh vis-ited Tanzania in his African visit.

Himachal sign Carbon creditHimachal Pradesh became on May22, 2011, the first state in India to signan agreement with the World Bankfor securing carbon credits for its“clean Development mechanismprojects”.

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GSAT-8 launchedIndia’s indigenously built communi-cation satellite GSAT-8 was success-fully launched into space aboard theAriane 5 launched from the GuianaSpace Centre, Kourou, FrenchGuiana on May 21, 2011.

Name the social worker who fasted13 days in August for Lokpal Bill, toend corruption in India.Anna HazareIndia and Georgia sign tax treaty

India and Georgia signed on August24, 2011 a Double Taxation Avoid-ance Agreement (DTAA).

What is MGNREGA?Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Em-ployment Act.It is the World’s largest social secu-rity programme.The centre has effected some cru-cial changes in the Act. Panchayatwill be the new administrator forimplementing MGNREGA.

The Food Safety and Standards Act2006 came into force in India on Au-gust 5, 2011. The Act will ensure im-proved quality of food to consumers.

The Food Safety and Standards Au-thority of India (FSSAI) establishedunder the act will lay down sciencebased standard for food items.

D.V. Sadananda Gowda (BJP) is thenew Chief Minister of Karnataka. Hesucceeded B.S. Yeddyuruppa, whoresigned due to corruption charges.Baburam Bhattarai is the new PrimeMinister of Nepal. He belongs to theUnified Communist Party of Nepal(Maoist).

What is Sukhoi T-50?It is the 5th generation stealth fighterjointly developed by Russia and In-dia.

Govt. Debts $ 41.1 trillionA report released by Premier re-search firm Mckinsey on August 15,2011 said that the total amount of debtincurred by government across theglobe jumped to %41.1 trillion in 2010.

What is PAKSAT-1R?Pakistan’s first communication sat-ellite which was put into orbit byChina in August 12, 2011.

Tony Tan is the new President ofSingapore.M.C. Joshi is the chairman of the

Central Board of Direct Taxes.Who is the new chairman of Chiefsof Staff Committee?

Admiral Nirmal VermaT.K.A Nair has been appointed asthe new advisor to Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh. He was the Prin-cipal secretary to P.M.Mamta Sharma is the chairperson ofthe National Commission for Women(New)Last Man in Tower

Book written by Aravind Adiga.INS Karuva

Fast Attack Craft of Navy was com-missioned on August 25, 2011 at thenaval base in Visakhapatnam.

S& P downgrade USThe United States was on August 6,2011 financially downgraded by Pre-mier credit rating agency Standard& Poor’s (S & P’s).

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The nation has lost its AAA ratingand was branded AA+ nation.

What is the importance of October30

World Thrift DayThrift means Saving

Yoshihiko Noda is the new PrimeMinister of Japan.New Governors in 4 statesState Chief MinisterTamil Nadu : K. RosaiahKerala : M.O.H FarookGoa : K. Sankaranarayan

He is also the Gov-ernor of Maharashtra

Madhya Pradesh: Ram Narayan YadavMizoram : Vakkam

PurushothamanJharkhand : Syed AhmedWith which Central Asian country In-dia signed 34 Pacts in May 18, 2011.

Uzbekistan: The Agreement weresigned in the presence of Dr.Manmohan Singh and visiting UzbekPresident Mr. Islam Karimov in NewDelhi.The Central Asia is energy rich, Indiahas already bagged a share of CaspianSea basin portion of Kazakhstan, Cen-tral Asia’s largest country. It has alsoinked a gas pipeline deal withTurkmenistan, third major repository ofhydrocarbons.

Which UN convention was ratified byIndia in 2011 May.

UN convention against corruption.The ratification will help the nation’slaw enforcement agencies to recover

the illicit assets stolen by corrupt prac-tices.

What is India’s projected peak popu-lation by UNO

1.718 billion in 2060. After which itwill decline. At its peak India will bethe most populous country in theworld.China, at its peak in 2025, will have1.395 billion people.World population Day is July 11

$ 500 million for AfghanistanOn Dr. Manmohan Singh’s two dayvisit of Afghanistan in May, 2011, In-dia announced a fresh commitmentof $ 500 million in the next few yearsfor development.

Which nuclear power plant is facingstiff resistance from the public?

Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plantin Tamil Nadu.The centre has given green signal toJaitapur nuclear powerplant inMaharashtra.

Which is the newest country in theworld?

Republic of South Sudan.Salva Kiir Mayardit has been electedPresident of South Sudan.

Sheila Dikshit, Delhi Chief Ministerwon the first Mercy Ravi Awardgiven for examplary contribution topublic life by a woman.Vice Admiral Shekhar Sinha is thenew Chief of the Integrated DefenceStaff.Aishwarya Rai Bachchan became thefirst Asian Actress and the YoungestIndian to be selected for the presti-

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gious French honour officer DanOrdre Des Arts Et Des Lettres(Knight of the order of Arts and Let-ters)

Name the Prime Minister ofNewZealand who visited India inJune 2011.John KeyName the new mother-child healthprotection programme announced bythe centre on June 1, 2011.

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karayakram.It is sponsored by the Ministry ofHealth and Family Welfare.

Which programme is implementing inIndia for creating slum free India.

Rajiv Awaz Yojana

The Second round of US-India Finan-cial and Economic Partnership Dia-logue was held in Washington on June28, 2011.High speed train service Chinaopened in June 2011 links which ofthe two cities.

Beijing with Shanghai. The $33 bil-lion 1318 Railway line was com-pleted in 39 month. The highestspeed for the train is 350 km/hour.

Christine Lagarde: IMF Chief FrenchFinance Minister Ms.Christine Lagardewas elected Managing Director of Inter-national Monetary Fund (IMF). She isthe first woman to head IMF.Which is the new base year for thenew series of Index of Industrial Pro-duction (IIP) announced by the Cen-tre?

2004-05 instead of 1993-94.2nd Term for Ban-ki-Moon: Ban-ki-

Moon unanimously reelected as the Sec-retary General of UNO for the 2nd termin office. He belongs to South Korea.Farm Credit disbursal surpass targetby 14%: The farm credit flow exceededthe target by about 14% to Rs.426531crore during 2010-11. The target wasRs.375000 crore

Credit Flow for the current (2011-12)year is Rs.4.75 lakh crore.

Wimbledon 2011Mens singles: Novak Djokovic(Serbia) defeated Rafael Nadal(Spain).Women’s Singles: Petra Kritova(Czech Republic) defeated MariaSharapova (Russia)

Jose Graziano da silva, Director Gen-eral of FAO: Jose Graziano da silva ofBrazil was elected the Director Generalof food and agriculture organisation.

October 16: World Food DenyFrench Open 2011

Men’s singles: Rafael Nadal (Spain)defeated Roger Federer (Switzerland)Women’s single: Li Na (China) de-feated Francesca Schiavone (Italy)

Ranjan Mathai is India’s new ForeignSecretaryPercentage of poor in India accord-ing to Planning Commission’s latestestimate (April 20, 2011)

32%. According to Planning Com-mission poverty in India has declinedto 32% in 2009-10 from 37.2% fiveyears ago. These estimates are basedon the formula suggested by theTendulkar Committee for computingthe number of poor.

PSLV- C16 successfully placed into

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orbit three satellites on April20,2011. They are 1206 kg Indiansatellite Resourcesat-2, 92 kg Indo-Russian Youthsat and a 106 kg re-mote sensing satellite X-sat offSingapore.What is the tiger population in Indiaat present?

1706 India 2010 Tiger Census showsthat tiger population has grown by12% in the last four years.

India has emerged as the world No.1Arms importer.

India accounts for 9% of all globalarm imports.

Which is India’s largest trading part-ner

European Union (EU). India’s bilat-eral trade with Eu aggregates $ 75billion in 2010-11. India & Eu areworking for a Broad based Trade andInvestment Agreement (BTIA)World Tourism Day September 27.Robinton Nariman is the new Solici-tor General of India.

Who won 2011 COPA America Foot-ball Championship?

Uruguay (defeated Paraguay)Who is the new Union Finance Sec-retary?

R.S.GujralWho is M.S.Hina Rabbani Khar?

New Foreign Minister of Pakistan.She is the youngest and first womanForeign Minister of Pakistan.

Who is the new CVC of India?Pradeep Kumar is the new CentralVigilance Commissioner, He suc-ceeded P.J.Thomas.

Where did shooting and bomb blastsskilled 92 people dead on July 22,2011.

Oslo, NorwayNguyen Tan Dung reelected PrimeMinister of Vietnam.Who has been appointed as theChairperson of the Public HealthFoundation of India (PHFI)

N.R.Narayana Murthy, the founderof Infosys.

Two Indians win Magsaysay Award2011.

They are Dr.Harish Hande &Ms.Nileema Mishra.

Where did India and Bangladeshopened their first common marketplace?

KalaicharIn FDI India is in 14th placeThe World Investment Report 2011 byUN Conference on Trade and Develop-ment (UNCTAD) said that India slippedto the 14th place from the 8th position inthe list of countries which attracted (For-eign Direct Investment (FDI) in 2010.

Inflow into India declined by about$11 billion to $25 billion in 2010China attracted $106 Billion during thesame period, thus occupying the 2ndspot.US has the maximum inflow of FDIwith $228 billion.

Yingluck Shinawatra becameThailand’s first woman Prime Min-ister.Shashikant Sharma is the new De-fence Secretary of India.Randhir Singh of India has been re-

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elected for the 6th consecutive termas the Secretary General of Olym-pic Council of Asia (OCA).Bangladesh’s highest honour forIndira Gandhi.

Bangladesh’s highest awardBangladesh Freedom Honour hasbeen conferred on late Indira Gandhion July 25, 2011.

What is GST?Goods and Service Tax.

Mr.Sushil Kumar Modi, Deputy ChiefMinister of Bihar, was appointedchairman of the Empowered Com-mittee of State Finance Ministers onGST.

Who is India’s New Ambassador tothe USA.

Nirupama Rao. She succeeds MeeraShankar.

What is NOFN?National Optical Fiber Networks.NOFN will provide broadband con-nectivity to all village panchayat inthree years.

India, top receiver of remittancesThe world Bank of figures revealedthat India received the highest remit-tance in 2010 than anyother countryin the world.27 million NRIs scattered across 190nation’s around the world sent home.$55 billions in 2010.

Which European country has de-cided to exit from nuclear energy.

Germany. German Cabinet on June6, 2011 signed a bill aimed at phasingout nuclear power by 2022.

Water Jet propelled Fast Attack

Craft (FAC) INS Kabra was commis-sioned in Kochi on June 8, 2011.Savings account deposit doubles inFive years in India.

In 2010-11 savings deposit rose byRs.240612 crore, a jump of 21% overthe last five years.April 1, 2010 onwards banks provideinterest for savings bank account ondaily basis.From May 2011, onwards banks pro-vide interest rate hiked from 3.5% to4%.From October 25, 2011 onwards SBinterest rate has been deregulated.Individual banks can fix their rate ofinterest.

World Food Prize 2011John Agyekum Kufuor, the formerPresident of Ghana and Luiz InacioLula da Silva, former President ofBrazil won World Food Prize 2011.

Prakash Bakshi is the new Chairmanof NABARD.

National Bank for Agriculture andRural Development was setup in1982. It is the apex bank for agricul-ture credit in India.

G70 Agriculture Ministers Summitwas held in Paris, France in June 2011.India signed a deal with USA for $4.1 billion for the purchase of whichjet plane.

C-17 Globemaster III stategic airliftaircrafts. India will buy 10 jets.

Who is Sepp Blatter?Reelected President of FIFA, theworld Football Governing body,

2011 SCO Summit was held atAstana, capital of Kazhakhastan.

SCO is Shanghai Co-operationorganisation.


N.A.K. Browne: Chief of Air StaffGovernment Public debt rises to 1.3%

The total public debt of Central Gov-ernment rose by 1.3% to ̀ 2921360crore at the end of fourth quarter of2010-11 from ̀ 28,83,880 crore in thethird quarter ended in December 2010.Government debt constitutes bothinternal and external debt. The out-standing internal debt at ̀ 26,19,594crore constituted 33.3% of the GDP,compared with 32.8% at the end ofDecember 2010. External debtamounted to ` 301766 crore as ofMarch 2011 end.

Nabi Al-Arabi, the foreign ministerof Egypt was elected on May 16,2011 as the Chief of Arab League.Rajiv Kumar : Secretary General ofFICCI

Federation of Indian Chambers ofCommerce and Industry.

India’s Super ComputerSAGA-220 is India’s fastest computer interms of theoretical peak performance of220 Tera FLOPS. It was built by ISRO.Bina Refinery, Madhya Pradesh wasdedicated to the nation by Dr.Manmohan Singh on May 20, 2011.Mr. Ajith Kumar Seth is the newCabinet Secretary.Interest given to Provident Fund hasraised to 9.5% from 8.5%.Industrial output growth 7.8% in2010-11.As per Index of Industrial Production(IIP) released by Central StatisticalOrganisation on May 2011, the overallgrowth of Industry was 7.8% in 2010-11.It was 10.5% in 2009-10.

India signed Teesta Water ShareAgreement with which country?Bangladesh.Empowering the Dalits

The centre has decided to make itcompulsory for 4% of its annual pur-chases to be made from units run bydalits and tribals. A rough estimateof the proposed spending comes$25000 crore.

What is Aadhaar?Government initiative to provide itscitizens with Unique Identification(UID) number is called Aadhaar.

Centre and ULFA sign cease-fire Ac-cord?

The Central Government and theoutlawed United Liberation Front ofAssam (ULFA) on Sept. 3, 2011signed an agreement for bilateralceasefire and to work towards a po-litical solution to the prolonged insur-gency in Assam.

US Poverty rate reached 15.1%US Poverty rate rose to 15.1% in2010, the highest level since 1993.

Wangari Maathai, the Kenyan envi-ronmentalist, the first African womanto win a Nobel Prize (2004) died.What is MSME?

Micro, Small and Medium Enter-prises.

Which judge faced impeachment pro-ceeding in Parliament in 2011?

Soumitra Sen of Kolkata High Court.Sen resigned later.

Who is the present coach of IndianCricket Team?

Duncan Andrew Gwynne Fletcher,the former captain of Zimbabwe and

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former coach of English CricketTeam.

Which player has the credit of 800and 534 wickets in Tests and OneDay Internationals respectively?

Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka.He retired from one day cricket onApril 2, 2004 and from Test Cricketin 2010, July 22.

What is NASSCOM?National Association of Software andService Companies.

Rajendra Pawar is the new chairmanof NASSCOM for 2011-12.

What is Operation Geronimo?The operation to hunt and kill Osama binLaden.This operation is also known asOperation Neptune Spear.Rs. 7000 crore to clean GangaThe Union Cabinet Committee on Eco-nomic Affairs (CCEA) approved on April28, 2011 a ` 7000 crore project to cleanthe Ganga. The National Ganga RiverBasin Authority (NGRBA) will implementthe project.

British Astro physist Martin Reeswon Templeton Prize, 2011.

India exports surge 37.55% in 2010-2011According to Commerce and IndustryMinistry Data released on May 2, 2011,India’s export recorded an impressivejump from 37.55% to $245.86 billion dur-ing 2010-2011.

The target for export is set at $ 300billion for 2011-12.Import grew at a lower pace of 21.6%to $350.69 billion in 2010-11.The trade deficit of $104.82 billion wasless than the earlier forecast of $ 120-130 billion in 2010-11.

Central tax collection ̀ 7.92 lakh croreAccording to Finance Ministry’s data, thecentral tax collection – direct and indirectreached ` 7.92 lakh crore in 2010-11. Itexceeded the the largest and even revisedestimate.

The total budget estimate of direct taxand indirect tax was ̀ 7.45 lakh crorefor 2010-11., which was revised up-wards to ` 7.80 lakh crore. Of the to-tal colelction direct tax is ` 4.50 lakhcrore and indirect tax is ` 3.42 lakhcrore.

C11 National Conference and AnnualSession 2011 was held in New Delhiin April 2011.The theme of this year’s Annual Confer-ence was “Securing the Future Frame-work for Inclusive Growth”.

C11 is Confederation Indian Industry.Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2011Kanishtha DhankharSaraswathi Samman 2011S.L. Bhyrappa, the Kannada writer forhis novel “Mandra”Pulitzer Prize 2011

Indian American physician SiddharthaMukherjee won it for his book “The Em-peror of All Maladies: A Biography ofCancer”Nandita Das won “Knight of the Or-der of Arts and Letters”Nandita Das, the Actor-Director won theFrench honour “Knight of the Order ofArts and Letters” in April 2011.Life expectancy at birth (2009)Japan - 83, China - 74, Sri Lanka - 71,India - 65, World - 68.Stephen Harper has been selectedPrime Minister of which country?Canada3rd BRICS Summit 2011BRICS, Third Summit took place in


Sanya on Hainan Island in China.Brazil, Russia, India, China and SouthAfrica are the members of BRICS.

Green House Gas Emission hits recordAccording to International Energy Agency(IEA) report, green house gas emissionis ever increasing. Despite the expansionof renewable energy around the world,energy related carbon emission in 2010topped 30 giga tons, which is 5% morethan the previous estimate done in 2008.

Carbon dieoxide is the main gas re-sponsible for Green House effect.

What is LLP?Limited Liability Partnership. As perthe LLP Act 2008, LLP is a new busi-ness structure with hybrid features ofa partnership firm and corporate body.Cabinet Committee on Economic Af-fairs (CCEA) on May 11, 2011 allowedForeign Direct Investment (FDI) inLLP firms.It is aimed to attract more long termforeign investment inflows.

New strategy to double exportsThe centre has unveiled a new strategyto more than doubling India’s export to$500 billion by 2013-14 from $241 billionin 2010-11.Mary Kom is associated with whichgame?Boxing (Pugilist)

Mary Kom (India) is five time WorldChampion.

Azlan Shah Cup is associated withHockey

In 2011 Aslan Shah Cup was won byAustralia defeating Pakistan.

Who is the new Chief Minister ofArunachal Pradesh?Jarbom Gamlin

He succeeded Dorjee Khandu whodied in a helicopter accident.

58th National Film AwardBest Feature FilmAdaminte Makan AbuBest ActorSalim Kumar & Dhanush for their per-formance in Adaminte makan Abu(Malayalam) and Aadukalam (Tamil) re-spectively.Best ActressMs. Mitalee Jagtap Varadkar andMs.Saranya Ponvannan for their per-formance in Baboo Band Baaja(Marathi) and Thenmerkku Paruvakkatru respectively.2011 Commonwealth Writer PrizeAminatta Forna (England) for her novelThe Memory of Love.

A Man Melting: A book written byCraig Cliff, which won the sameaward in the debut category.

Who won International TelecomUnion (ITU)’s 2011 World Telecomand Information Society Award?Sam PitrodaMan Booker Prize 2011Award is given to Philip Roth, the Ameri-can novelist for his contribution to litera-ture. His well known book is Portnoy’sComplaint.Who is the founder of Wikileaks?Julian Assange.

He is the winner of Sydney PeacePrize 2011.

64th Cannes Film Award (2011)Best PictureThe Tree of Life directed by TerenceMalic (USA). He won the Palme d’or.Best ActorJean Dujardin (The Artist).Best ActressKristen Dunset (Melancholia)

GENERAL AWARENESS16

International Cricket Council (ICC)Award 2011

Jonathan Trott (England): Sir GarifieldSobers Cricketer of the YearAlastair Cook (England)Test Player of the YearKumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)ODI Player of the yearM.S. Dhoni (India)Spirit of Cricket Award

India in 56th position in Global Com-petitive List 2011-12In the Annual Global CompetitivenessReport (GCR) of the World EconomicForum India has 56th position among 142countries. (Last year India was in 51stposition).

Switzerland tops the list. Singaporeoccupies the second position.

BP and Reliance complete $ 7.2 bil-lion dealBritish Petroleum (BP) has completed itsacquisition deal of a 30% stake in 21 oiland gas production sharing contracts op-erated by Reliance Industries Ltd. Thedeal is worth $7.2% billion.India and Myanmar have agreed todouble the bilateral trade to $ 3 bil-lion by 2015.Asian Development Bank (ADB)ADB has approved Rs. 500 million to In-dian Railways.ADB lowers India growth rate for2011-12 to 7.9% from the earlierforcast of 8.2%What is FEMA?Foreign Exchange Management Act

Recently RBI has enhanced the limitof gift of resident to a non residentfrom $25000 to $50000.

England wins NATWEST SeriesCricket One Day Internationalagainst India.They won the series 3 – 0.

Salgaocar defeated East Bengal to win33rd edition of Federation Cup 2011.Rohan Bopanna is associated withwhcih game?Tennis13th World Athletic Championshipwas held in Daegu (South Korea) inSept. 2011.

US topped the medal tally followed byRussia.

India won the inaugural Asian Cham-pion Trophy Tournament in Ordos(China) in Sept. 11, 2011 defeatingPakistan.Sebastin Vettel (Germany) winsSingapore and Italian Grand PrixFormula 1 car races.National Thermal Power Corporation(NTPC) has decided to set up a 500MW coal based power plant in SriLanka by 2016 which will mark NTPCfirst entry into overseas market.GDP growth of India for the lastyears as shown in Economic outlook2011-12 by PMEAC.Year 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09GDP 9.5 9.6 9.3 6.8Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12GDP 8.00 8.5 8.2* Expected growthWhat is ECB?External Commercial Borrowing

Finance Ministry has allowed IndianCompanies to raise cheaper funds inoverseas market to refinance their ru-pee loan. As the money raised throughECB is cheaper given near zero inter-est rate in US and Europe.A high level committee on ExternalCommercial Borrowing (ECB) alsodecided to increase the overall limit for


these borrowing under the ‘automatic’route to $750 million from current $500million.Companies can use 25% of ECB topay off their rupee debt, 75% will haveto be used for new projects.

What is GST?Goods and Service Tax

The negative list prepared by FinanceMinistry for GST includes 27 services.About 57% countries GDP come fromService Tax.GST is going to replace Service Taxand Sales Tax.

What is NBFCs?Non Banking Finance Companies

RBI has set up a committee on NBFCsunder the chairmanship of formerDeputy RBI Governor Usha Thorat.It recommended that the provisioningand asset classification norms of thesecompanies should be at par with thecommercial banks.The Committee also prescribed that theTier I Capital of important NBFCsshould be 12% within three years ofregistration. Currently, the total Capi-tal adequacy ratio, which includes TierI & Tier II capital for NBFCs is stipu-lated at 15%.The present minimum capital require-ment for NBCSs is 2 crore. The panalsuggested RBI to insist on a minimumof ` 50 crore for registering any newNBFC.

Government approved the Minesand Mineral Development Regula-tion Bill.PMEAC Projects India growth rateat 8% in 2011-12

Prime Ministers Economic Advisory

Council has modified its earlier pro-jections of economic growth at 8.6%and later from 8.2% to 8% in 2011-12.

Who is the Chairman of PMEAC?C. Rangarajan

A high level committee headed byC.Ranga rajan has proposed to abolishthe distinction between plan and non-plan expenditure for both centre andstates.

UNCTAD Project India Growth at8.1% in 2011.

United Nations Conference on Tradeand Development (UNCTAD) in itsreport has revised its projection of In-dia growth from 8.6% to 8.1% in 2011.UNCTAD projects world growth at3.1% in 2011.

IMF forcast 7.5 – 7.75% growth forIndia in 2011-12.China recently objected Indian oil ex-ploration project in South China Sea

Oil and Natural Gas Commission(ONGC) Videsh in association with Viet-nam planning oil exploration in South ChinaSea.WHO’s South East Asian RegionHealth Ministers Meeting was heldat Jaipur, Rajasthan in Sept 2011.Union Cabinet approved the LandAcquisition and Rehabilitation Bill2011

Bill is putting in place a transparent andlegal frame for land aquisition andmaking consent of 80% of peoplemandatory to acquire land exceptwhere it acquired for a public purpose.

The Gravity Recovery and InteriorLaboratory (Satellite) is NASA’s Sat-ellite to study Moon closely.

GENERAL AWARENESS18

World Trade Report 2011 by WTOIndia export of merchandise goods in2010: $ 216 billion 1.2% of global ex-ports (20th rank in the world).India export of service (in 2010) : $110billion 3.00% global export (10th rankin the world).

India’s share of steel production in2010 is 4th

Ist is China, Second Japan, 3rd USAIndia’s tax to GDP ratio declined toseven years low of 14.73% in 2010-11

Total tax revenue increased to 17.5%to $11.6 lakh crore compared to 7.9%growth in 2009 -10

12th plan (2012 -17) annual targetedgrowth 9.00% (planning commissionhas earlier suggested 9-9.5% growth)

Average agriculture growth targetedis 4%.Montek Singh Ahluwalia is the DeputyChairman of Planning Commission.

India bilateral economic agreementwith Malaysia and Japan becomeeffective

The Comprehensive Economic Co-op-eration Agreement (CECA) with Ma-laysia has become effective since July1, 2011The comprehensive Economic Part-nership Agreement (CEPA) with Ja-pan became effective since August 1,2011.

India and South Africa decided to in-crease bilateral trade to $15 billionby 2014 from $10.64 billionIndia’s population in 2011 - 121 crore

Rural 83.3 crore (68.84%)Urban 37.7 crore (31.16%)

What is NPANon Performing Assets.

Who topped is the list of 100 mostpowerful women in the world byForbes Magazine in August 2011

German Chancellor Angela Merkal.Hilary Clinton, US Secretary of StateDilma Rousseff, President of Brazil isthe ThirdIndra Nooyi , Chief Executive of PepsiCo is fourth in the list.Sonia Gandhi is in 7th position.

Who won the inaugural UEFA Bestplayer in Europe Award in August2011 ?

Lionel Messi, Argentina (Football)First woman to climb all 8000 meter(14) Summits in the world withoutoxygen

Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner, AustriaScientists led by an Indian origin re-searcher Valiya Hamza had discov-ered a huge underground river be-neath the mighty Amazon. The riverhas been named Hamza.Ramlila Maidan (New Delhi) was innews for the week long fast of AnnaHazare and his supporters for de-manding Lokpal a reality.RBI Annual Report 2010 -11

The gross NPA ( Non PerformingAssets) of Scheduled Commercialbanks which increased marginally to2.52% by the end of June 2011 andstill remains low.Overall growth of economy in 2010-11 is estimated at 8.5%Economic growth estimate for 2011 -12, is 8%.


Which Committee submitted its re-port on reforms on Banking service.

Damodaran CommitteeWhat is the minimum capital re-quired to set up a new bank in Indianow ?

500 crore (existing is 300 crore)RBI is planning to provide bankinglicence since 2004.RBI guideline for new bank includes

1. Foreign shareholding must not exceed49%.

2. 25% branches must be in unbankedrural area.

3. New bank must list on the stock ex-change within 2 years.

4. Entities with a successful track recordof 10 years are eligible to apply.

What is Brahmos ?Missile jointly developed by India andRussia

Stealth Frigate INS Satpura commis-sioned

INS Satpura is a state of the art war-ship build at Mazagon Dock, Mumbai.

Which are the five public sector en-terprises which were givenMaharatna status in August 2011?

ONGC, NTPC, IOC, SAIL and CILONGC - Oil and Natural Gas Com-missionNTPC - National Thermal Power Cor-porationIOC - Indian Oil CompanySAIL - Steel Authority of India Ltd.CIL - Coal India LimitedMaharatna status will provide themgreater financial and operational au-thority.

INS Karuva was commissionedThe water jet fast attack craft INSKaruva was commissioned at the na-val base in Vishakapatnam.

What is PAN ?Permanent Account Number

What is Eurozone crisis ?Acute financial crisis faced by some ofthe countries in European Union. Theyinclude Greece, Portugal , Spain andItaly. They find it tough to repay thisdebt and are on the verge of default.

Who is Aung San Suu Kyi ?Campaigner of Democracy inMyanmar.

Which African Country was liberatedby the opposition forces.

Libya. The president Col. MuammarGaddafi who went missing was laterkilled by the rebel forces.

Which country lifted emergency af-ter 28 years.

Sri LankaArjuna Award is given for ?

Excellence in sports. Its prize value is` 5 lakh.Dronacharya Award is given to thebest coach. Its prize value is ` 5 lakh.

What is plastic money ?Credit cards are popularly known asplastic money.

What is TUFS ?Technology Upgradation FundSchemeGovernment plan to extend TUFS in12th plan period with an allocation of` 15404 crore almost double of ̀ 8000crore originally approved for 11th fiveyear plan.

GENERAL AWARENESS20

TUFG , a subsidy scheme for settingup a state of the art technology forthe growth of textile and related in-dustries.Foreign tourist arrival in India in2010 registered 24.2% growth. A to-tal of 179 lakh foreign tourists vis-ited India in 2010. (144 lakh in 2009)CMIE project 8.1% GDP growth in2011 -12

CMIE : Centre for the Monitoring In-dian Economy downgraded the growthfrom 8.6% to 8.1% during 2011 -12.

Which game Somdev Devvarmanassociated?

TennisRohan Bopanna, Mahesh Bhupathiand Leander Paes are all knownIndian Tennis Players.

Brand Ambassador for 2014 worldcup in Brazil ?

PeleWhat is IPO ?

Initial public offer. The first time acompany offers its shares to public.

Ronjan Sodhi is associated withShootingGagan Narang is the well knownshooter who received Rajiv GandhiKhel Ratna, 2011

What is liquidity ?Easy convertibility into cash.

What is hot money ?Money which has the tendency tomigrate towards more profit orientedplace.

World Populations crosses 7 billionon October 31, 2011.

9.31 billion in 2050

5 billion in July 11, 19876 billion in October 12, 1999

Supreme Court of India formed aSpecial Investigation team to takesteps to bring black money abroad.It will function under the chairman-ship of the retired Supreme Courtjudge B.P. Jeevan Reddy.President of India went for an offi-cial visit of South Korea andMangolia in July 2011.4th SAARC Home Minister’s meetwas held in Thimpu, Bhutan only July23, 2011.

South Asian Association of RegionalCo-operation has 8 members.A conference of Speakers and Parlia-mentarians of SAARC was held inNew Delhi on July 9, 2011.

Pankaj Advani is associated withBilliards.The committee on comprehensivereview of National Small SavingsFund headed by RBI Deputy Gover-nor Shymala Gopinath suggested 4%interest on post office savings depos-its from the present 3.5%The winner of inaugural edition ofIndian Volley League

Chennai SpikersINS Kabra is the Fast Attack Craftcommissioned in Kochi on June 8,2011.What is CCI ?

The Competition Commission of India.It replaced Monopolies and RestrictedTrade Practices Commission(MRTPC)


Which scheme was launched in In-dia on June 3, 2011 to eliminate pov-erty from Rural areas

National Rural Livelihood mission. Itwas launched from Banswada districtof Rajasthan.

Mark Zuckerberg : Founder andCEO of Face BookWhat is NASSCOM ?

The National Association of Softwareand Service Companies.Rajendra S. Pawar is the new chair-man of NASSCOM (2011 -12)

M.F. Hussain who passed away inJune, 2011 is a well known painter.What is National Intelligence Grid

Facility for robust information sharingamong various law enforcing agenciesto combat terrorism at home andabroad.

Who heads the committee to tracetax defaulters and recover taxes?

The committee is headed by DirectorGeneral of Income Tax (Administra-tion) Anita Kapur.

The century’s longest lunar eclipseoccured on June 16, 2011.Vietnam recently began clean up ofAgent Orange, a chemical extensivelyused during Vietnam war by USA.What is the validity period of acheque

6 months (Government plans to lessenthe period to 3 month from April 1, 2012)

What is a Commercial BillA bill of exchange drawn by the credi-tor on the debtor. When the debtor’s

acceptance is obtained, the paper be-comes a bill of exchange.

What is a negotiable instrument ?A cheque, promissory note or bill ofexchange which are payable on de-mand.

Bulls and Bears are terms associatedwith Stock Exchange

Bulls are traders who make profitwhen share prices goes up.Bears make profit when share pricesgoes down.

High value shares are popularlyknown as

Blue ChipMiss Earth 2010 : Nicole Faria(India)Oscar 2011

Best Picture : The King’s SpeechBest Actor : Colin Firth (The King’sSpeech)Best Actress : Natalie Portman (forBlack Swan)

Forbes Richest ListIst : Carlos Slim (Mexico) - $74 billion2nd : Bill Gates (USA) : $56 billion3rd : Warren Buffet (USA): $50 billon6th : Lakshmi Mittal : $31.1 billion9th : Mukesh Ambani : $27 billion

Kanishtha Dhankar : PantaloonsFemina Miss India 2011.River of Smoke : A book written byAmitav GhoshUnion Ministers who lost the job fortheir involvement in 2G SpectrumScam

GENERAL AWARENESS22

A. Raja, former Telecom MinisterDayanidhi Maran, Union TextileMinisterRs. 1.76 lakh crore is the loss in 2GSpectrum Scam calculated by Comp-troller and Auditor General of India(C & AG)DMK, MP arrested in the scam isKanimozhi.

Chief Justice of High Court who re-signed for the post before the re-moval was Justice P.D. Dinakaran.Food grain production India 2010-11

241.56 million tonne.What is the percentage of FDI inmulti brand retail suggested by thecommittee of Secretaries

51%Union Railway Minister :

Dinesh TrivediUnion Law Minister

Salman KhursheedWhich US Space Shuttle finished itslast trip

AtlantisWinner of womens world footballworld cup 2011

JapanNandan Nilekani Panel

UIDAI chairman Nandan Nilekanisubmitted the report of the committeeheaded by him regarding direct trans-fer of subsidy on Kerosene, LPG, andFertilizers to the beneficiaries.

Food accounts largest share of con-sumers spending, 66th round ofNSSCO Survey household consumer

expenditure reveals that Indians stillspend a major chunk of their expen-diture on food items. The surveycovered the period July 2009 to June2010.

An average household spend 53.6%of its monthly consumption expendi-ture on food items.All India average monthly percapitaexpenditure is Rs. 1053.64 in rural andRs. 1984.46 in Urban areas.

India 90th in Innovation IndexThis year falls to 101th in 2010

Percapita income in India hasreached ̀ 52835 in 2010-11 accord-ing to CSO Central StatisticalOrganisation. It is ̀ 46492 in 2009 -10. The percapita income registered17.9% growth.

Size of the Indian economy gone upto` 7306590 crore in 2010-11 from `6133230 crore in 2009-10 on currentprices, showing 19/1% growth in In-dian economy during 2010-11.

What is MSME ?Micro, Small and Medium enterprises.MSME contributes 8% of the GDP,45% of manufactured output and 40%of the exports .The production of MSMEs was9829.19 crore in 2009 -10During 2009 -10 MSMEs output reg-istered 11.6% growth.

Srikrishna Committee report relatesto the Telangana.P.C Chacko of congress is the Chair-man of Joint Parliamentary Commit-tee which probes 2G Spectrum Scam.


India’s largest bank is SBI and larg-est private bank is ICICI.Governor of RBI is Dr. D. Subbarao.Headquarters of World Bank is inWashington.Sensex is the share trading index ofMumbai Stock Exchange.

It is based on the price movement of30 shares in Mumbai Stock Exchange.

India’s larg best stock exchange is Na-tional Stock Exchange (NSE). It is inMumbai.

Dalal Street is the place whereMumbai Stock Exchange situates.

Inflation surges to 9.90% at the weekended July 30.FDI Units in private sector bank is 74%.

G-8 Summit 2011 was held at Deauville,France in May 2011.Five Days UN Summit with 48 leadersof the world’s, Least Developed Coun-tries held at Istambul on May 9, 2011.Binayak Sen has been made a memberof the Planning Commission SteeringCommittee on health.

He was in jail on a charge of sedition.

Jharkhand’s Premlata Agarwal (45) be-came the oldest Indian woman to climbMount Everest.Micro finance Bill 2011 aims to regulatemicrofinancing by RBI.SEBI is Securities and Exchange Boardof India which regulate stock markets inIndia.

U.K. Sinha is the chairman of SEBI.

IRDA is Insurance Regulatory and De-

velopment Authority which regulates in-surance section in India.

Hari Narayan J is the Chairman ofIRDA.

Target fixed by Government from disin-vestment in 2011-12 is ̀ 40,000 crore.Ad Valorem Tax is levied on the basis ofvalue.Which bank is known as BankersBank?Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Its headquarters is in Mumbai

What is DTCDirect Tax Code.

It will replace the existing Income TaxAct.

Government has allowed externalindian borrowing in Yuan for compa-nies.

Yuan is the currency of China. So fargovernment allowed only Dollar, Euro,Pound and Yen for ECB.

ECB is External Commercial Borrow-ing.

Usha Thorat Committee studiedabout NBFCs. (Non banking Finan-cial Companies).Where is Manesar?

In Haryana. Here the workers inMaruthi Factory engaged in a pro-longed strike in August 2011.

Whcih country demanded statehoodin UNO?

Palestine.

Mahmoud Abbas is the President ofPalestine.

GENERAL AWARENESS24

COMPUTER AWARENESS

The bank cheques use the principle of______MICR - Magnetic Ink CharacterRecognitionWhat is correcting errors in a programcalledDebuggingThe first page of a website ______HomepageWhat is e-commerceBuying and selling products and ser-vices over the internetA person who used his or her expertiseto gain access to other people’s com-puters to get information illegally or dodamage is a ______HackerWhat is a junk email?An unsolicited mail from an un-known sender. Junk email is spamWindows 95, Windows 98 and Win-dows NT are known as ______An Operating SystemA ______ is a set of rulesProtocolA repair for a known software bug, usu-ally available at no charge on the internet,is called ______PatchVendor-created programme modifica-tions are called ______PatchesComputer virus is ______Computer ProgramA file with extension “.dox” can be madeby the use of software ______Word 2007What is an embedded systemA computer and software system that

controls a machine or applianceMost application software today comeswith and interface called a(n)Graphical User Interface (GUI)A compiler translates a program writtenin a high level language intoMachine LanguageInorder to save an existing documentwith a different name you need touse the Save as commandCtrl, Shift and Alt are called ______keysFunctionEvery component of your computer iseitherHardware or SoftwareHow many write cycles are allowed toEEPROM?1000EEPROM ______Electrically Erasable ProgrammableRead Only MemoryThe connection between your computerat home and your local ISP is called______The last mileWhich is the part of a computer that onecan touch and feelHardwareData that is copied from an applicationis stored in the ______Clipboard______ refers the fastest, biggest andmost expensive computerSuper ComputerSoft Copy refers toScreen OutputIf the URL http/www.prenhall.com, theportion labelled http is the ______Host (HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Pro-tocol)


Permanent instruction that the computeruses when it is turned on and that can-not be changed by other instructions arecontained inROM - Read Only Memory. It isnon-volatileWhat is the most common way to get avirus in your computer’s hard disk?By opening e-mailsA(n) ______ allows sharing of a broad-band internet connectionRouterWho is the founder of face book?Mark ZuckerbegsThe Internet is ______a large network of networksWhat are .bas, .doc and html ______extensionsYou can keep your personal files/fold-ers in ___My documentsThe rectangular area of the screen thatdisplays a program, data or informa-tion is a ______WindowSame thing which has easily understoodinstructions is said to be ______User friendlyCache and main memory will lose theircontents when the power is off. TheyareVolatileA pattern of printed lines on most prod-ucts are calledbarcodesThe ______ becomes different shapesdepending on the task you are perform-ingMouse pointerLatest version of MS Office isOffice 2007

What is the name of latest server oper-ating system developed by microsoftWindows 2008Memory is made up of _______Large number of cellsMost mail programs automatically com-plete the following two parts in an e-mailFrom and DateMicro processor was introduced inwhich generation of computer?Fourth GenerationThe most powerful type of computer isSuper ComputerThe acronym DBMS stands for what?Data Based Management SystemComputers process binary numberswhich are composed of1s and 0 sA ______ represents approximate onebillion memory locationGiga byteThe common storage device for the per-sonal computer is theHard disk driveComputer that are portable andconvinient for users who travel areknown asLaptopsURL stands forUniform Resource LocaterA micro processor is the brain of thecomputer and is also calledMicrochipWWW stands forWorld Wide WebA popular way to learn about computerwithout evergoing to a classroom iscallede-learningWhat is the another name for a chipSilicon Chip, Integrated circuit,semiconductor

GENERAL AWARENESS26

Digital photos and scanned images aretypically stored as graphics with exten-sion such as .bmp, .png, .jpg, .tif or .gifbitmapHow many characters can be typed in asingle cell Excel?65,535A ______ is an unique name that yougive to a file of information.FilenameIf you wish to extend the length of thenetwork without having the signal de-grade you would use arepeaterThe ______ is the term used to de-scribe the windows that is currently be-ing usedActive WindowSmallest storage unit of a computer isbitThe ______ controls communicationsfor the entire computer systemMother BoardThe ______ tells the rest of the com-puter how to carry out program’s in-structionsControl unitRAM is reffered to as storageVolatileWhat is the name of list that stores theURL’s of web pages and links visited inpast fewdays.History listWhich type of commerce ischaracterised by low volume and highvalue transactions in BankingB2B (Business to Business)Which menu is MS word can be usedto change page size and type face?Format

The first electronic computer in the worldwasENIAC (Electronic Numeric Inte-grator and Calculator)A computer whcih CPU speed around100 million instruction per second andwith the word length of around 64 bitsis known asSuper ComputerWhen did arch rivals IBM and Applecomputers inc decide to join hands?1991Main memory works in conjunctionswithCPUAn assembler is used to translate a pro-gram written inAssembly LanguageThe ______ settings are automatic andstandardDefaultWhen a computer suddenly stops work-ing, it is said to beHangedA CD-RW diskcan be erased and re-writtenFor sound recording, what is necessaryMicrophoneA program that works like a calculatorfor keeping track of money and makingbudgets is used aSpread sheetThe acronym HTML stands forHyper Text Mark up languageTo restart the computer ______ key isusedAlt + Ctrl + DelLAN stands forLocal Area NetworkWhat is Output?Processor gives to the user


A(n) ______ contains commands thatcan be selectedIconE-mail is anElectronic InformationYou can use the ______ bar to type aURL and display a webpage, or type akeyword to display a list of related webpages.AddressTo reload a web page, press the ___buttonRefreshThe ability to recover and read deletedor damaged files from a criminals com-puter is example of a law enforcementspecially calledComputer forensicsAll the deleted files go toRecycle binThe ______ file format is a method ofencoding pictures on a computerJPEGHardware devices that are not part ofthe main computer system and are oftenadded later to the system arePeripherals‘Java’ programming languages is devel-oped byJames GoslingWhich media have the ability to havedata/ information stored (written) onthem by users more than once?Both CD-RW disk and Zip disksThis type of memory improves process-ing by acting as a temperory high speedholding area between the memory andthe CPUCache MemoryA word in a web page that when clickedopens another document is calledHyperlinks

Which of the following displays the but-ton for changing text style, alignment andsizeFormatting Toolbar______ is when the computer is turnedon and the operating system is loadingBootingThe most common input devices are the______ and the ______Keyboard and MouseCPU stands forCentral Processing UnitOCR stands forOptical Character ReaderThe term bit is short forBinary digitIf you install a new program on yourcomputer, it is typically added to the______ menuall programsTo access a mainframe or super com-puter, users often use a ______DesktopWhat are the two parts of an E-mailaddressUser name and domain nameAn error is also known asbugAn advantage of a distributed word pro-cessing network is ______less delay in inter-office communi-cationsThe ______ controls a client computer’sresourcesServer applicationAfter a user has saved and deleted manyfiles, many scattered areas of storeddata remain that are too small to be usedefficiency causingFragmentationThe time it takes a device to locate dataand instructions and make them avail-

GENERAL AWARENESS28

able to the CPU is known as ______a processing cycleArranging of data in a logical sequenceis known asSorting______ is a private corporate networks,used exclusively by company employ-eesLocal Area NetworkROM is composed ofMicroprocessorsYou click at B to make the text ______BoldA ______ is a unique name that you giveto a file of informationFile nameWhat are the two examples of free wareWinzip and LinuxThe cheapest memory devices intermsof cost/bitCompact disksExcel files have a default extension of.XLSMagnetic tape is not practical for appli-cations where data must be quickly re-called because tape isA sequential-acess mediumDevice drivers aresmall, special-pupose programsReusable optical storage will typicallyhave the acronymRWThe number of pixels displayed on ascreen is known as the screenResolutionWhere is the disk put to enable the com-puter to read it?Disk driveThree types of computer disk includeCD-Row, CD-R and ______CD-RW

What is MP3?A sound formatA ______ contains specific rules andwords that express the logical steps ofan algorithamSyntaxIf a memory chip is volatile, it will______be used for data storage onlyPerl is aDynamic Programming LanguageAlan Turing wasComputer Scientist and EnglishMathematicianWho is the chairman of microsoft?Bill GatesLaser Printer is invented by ______ inthe year ______xerox, 1969From which generation “Artificial Intel-ligence” is relatedFifth‘FIND’ option is available under whichmenu?EditCBS stands for ______Core Banking Solution______ are a type of inexpensive digi-tal camera that remains tethered to acomputer and are used for videoconferencing, video chatting and liveweb broad castWeb camBarcode stores information usingthick and thinlinesWhich Process checks to ensure thecomponents of the computer are oper-ating and connected properlyBootingThe amount of time required by a stor-age device to retrieve data and


programme is its ______access speedA DVD is an example of a(n) ______Optical diskThe ______ usually appears in the shapeof an arrowPointerAccess based on a person’s Fingerprints is an example ofbiometric identificationThe signal that a computer is waiting fora command from the userpromptWhen you quickly press and release theleft mouse button twice, you areDouble-clickingThe benefit of using computers is that______Computers are very fast and canstore huge amount of dataC, C++ is a ______languageA Light Pen is a ______Pointing deviceA sales clerk at a checkout counter scan-ning a tag on an item rather than keyinginto the system is usingSource data automationThe main memory of a computer can alsobe calledPrimary StorageWhat is the first electronic digital com-puter contain?ValvesCollecting personal information and ef-fective posing as another individual isknown as the crime ofindentity theftInformation on a computer is stored asDigital dataIf you want to move an icon on yourdesktop, this is calledDragging

To ______ a document means to makechanges to its existing filesEditA blinking symbol which indicates thenext character will appear at which placeis calledCursorA small figure which depicts some ap-plication on the screen is callediconWhat is an E-mail attachment?A separate document from anotherprogramme sent along with an e-mailmessageA computer virus normally attaches it-self to another computer programmeknown as a ______Trojan horseOne advantage of dial-up internet ac-cess is ______it utilizes existing telephone serviceWhat is the storage area for e-mailsmessages called ______A mailboxWhile sending an e-mail, the field de-scribes the contents of the messageSubject______ is the most popular internet ac-tivityCommunicationWhat is windows explorer?A file managerThe internet allows you toconnects to servers all around theworldThe operating system called ‘UNIX’ istypically used forWeb servers______ are attempts by individuals toobtain confidential information from youby falsifying their identityPhishing scams

GENERAL AWARENESS30

The ______ folder retains copies ofmessages that you have started but arenot yet ready to sendDraftsWhat are the four things needed to con-nect to the internet?Computer,ISP,Modem and commu-nication softwareThe process of transferring files from acomputer to the internet to your com-puter is called?downloadingA(n) ______ is composed of severalcomputers connected together to shareresources and datanetworkSAN stands forStorage Area NetworkWhich structure is very popular for Lo-cal Area Network?Bus NetworkBetween mini computers and microcomputers in a term of processing poweris a class of computers known asDriverA device that connects to a networkwithout the use of cables is said to bewirelessComputers connected to a LAN (Lo-cal Area Network)Share Information and/ or shareperipheral equipmentAn e-mail address typically consists ofa user ID followed by the ______ signand the name of the e-mail server thatmanages the user’s electronic post of-fice box@Why should you delete unknown e-mailattachments?It might contain a virus that couldhurt your computer

Any letter, number, or symbol found onthe computer?CharacterThe different styles of lettering in a wordprocessing programFontThe shortcut that allows you to print isCtrl+PWhich type of file is created by wordprocessing programsDocument fileNumbers in table columns are usuallyRight alignedIn EXCEL, ______ contains one ormore work sheetsThe work bookTo make the number pad act as direc-tional arrows you press the keynum lockA tuple is a ______row of a tableERP is an acronym for ______Enterprise Resource PlanningA ______ is an electronic device thatprocess data converting it into informa-tionProcessorComputer ______ is what ever is typed,submitted or transmitted to a computersystemInputThe Unit of speed used for super com-puter isGELOPSThe OSI reference model defines thefunction for seven layers of protocolsnot including the user or communi-cation mediumImpact printersstrike a ribbon against the paper toproduce cordinates character images


What device is used for entering X-YcordinatesJoy StickWhcih device can draw continous linesplotterWhen we move from the outermosttrack to the innermost track in a mag-netic disk, the densityincreasesCommunication circuits that transmitdata in both directions but not at thesame time are operating inhalf-duplex modeThe process of copying data from amemory location is calledreadingThe process of putting data into a stor-age location is calledWritingA modem is connected in between a tele-phone line and a ______ComputerMicrosoft office’s personal inforamationmanages isOut lookA website address is a unique name thatidentifies a specific ______ on the webWebsiteUnsolicited commerical e-mail fromsome one you don’t know, what shouldyou do?Deleting it without opening itWhich is a popular programming lan-guage for developing multimediawebpages, websites and web-basedapplications?JavaAn example of a Telecommunicationdevice is a ______modem

A chat is ______a typed conversation that takesplace on a computer______ is the process of finding errorsin software codeTestingThe general term ‘Peripheral Equipment’is used forany device that is attached to a com-puter systemSurfing is concerned with ______internetNotation Fund Transfer is known asElectronic Fund TransferIf a disk drive fails but the computerapplication running and using it can con-tinue processing, this application is saidto have been designed with this featureFault toleranceThe ______ enables you tosimultaneoulsy keep multiple web pagesopen in one browser windowTab Box______ is a Web browserFire FoxMost of the commonly used personalcomputers laptops do not have a com-mand key known asTurnoverThe quickest and easiest way in word,to locate a particular word or phrasein a document is to use the commandFindA program designed to destroy data inyour computer which can travel to ‘in-fect’ other computers is called aVirusMost of the commonly availabe personalcomputers/laptop have a keyboardpopularly known asQWERTY

GENERAL AWARENESS32

In order to save a word document as aweb page you need toSave as HTML______displays to the right of the Spacewhere the text will be inserted when youtype?Insertation pointThe copy command saves toThe clipboardA word processor would most likely beused totype of biographyTo move down a page in a documentScrollA flaw in a program that causes it to pro-duce incorrect or in appropriate resultsis called a ______bugHacker is a personWho designs the softwares which arethreat to the systemFire walls are used to protect against_______Virus AttacksA proxy server is used forTo process client requests for WebPagesThe issues that deal with collection anduse of data about individuals is ______PrivacyA term relating to sending data to a sat-elliteUplinkun athorized copying of software to beused for personal gain instead for per-sonal backups is calledSoftware piracyWhat is usually used for displaying in-formation at public placesOver head projections

Participants can see and hear each otherin a(n) ______tele conferenceIn database, a field is a ______table of informationProfessional designers can create so-phisticated documents that contain text,graphics and many colours using______ software.DeskTop Publishing (DTP)The new ______ processor integratesthe functions of a procesor, memory andvideo card on a single chipSystem on a chipA ______ is a small hand held computerthat helps you surf the web and programsimple tasksPDA-Personal Digital AssistantTime taken to move from one cylinderof a add to another is called?Average seek time______ transforms one interface intoanother interfaceSoftwareWhat are three type of bus in computerData Bus, Address Bus, Control BusA collection of related files is called aRecord______ are words that a programminglanguge has set aside for its own use.Control wordsWhat disk is used to cold-book a PC?System diskA ______ contains buttons and menusthat provide quick Access to commonlyused commands.Window.______ Menu types is also called adrop-down menuPop-Up______ is a procedure that requires us-


ers to enter an identification code and amatching passwordLogging onThe process of writing out computerinstructions is known asCodingA collection of interrelated records iscalled a ______database______ moves the cursor one space tothe right or put spaces in between wordsSpace barUse this when you want to make all let-ters capital without having to use the shiftkey for each characterCaps lock keyWhen your computer stops workingsuddenly it is referred to as a ______CrashIn DOS which command is used to de-lete all the files as well as sub-directo-ries of a directory.DeltreeDevices that let the computer commu-nicate with youOutputA symbol or question on the screen thatprompts you to take action and tells thecomputer. What to do next ______Prompt and dialog boxA place that a user can creates to storefilesFolderStart or restart the computerbootThe primary device that a computer usesto store informationhard driveTo make a notebook can be connectedto a ______ which is connected to amonitor and other devices.docking station

The ______ manual tells you how to usea software programUserHow many margins are on a pageFour (top, bottom, right and left)Where are programs and data keptwhile the processor is using themMain memoryThe type of operating system softwareyou use depends on your computerPlat formThe two board categories of sotware areSystem and ApplicationBIOS stands forBasic input output systemThe first computer were programmedusingMachine langugeHow many different document can youhave open at anyone time?As many as your computer memorywill holdSmallest unit on screen or monitor thatcan be illuminate in order to project theimage isPixelWhat is the address given to a computerconnected to a network calledIP AddressWhat is the name of Super Computerof IndiaParam PadmaQDOS Stands forQuick and Dirty Operating SystemThe ______button on the quick accessToolbar allows you to cancel your re-cent commands or actionsUndoIf you are going to a site you use often,instead of having to type in the addressevery time you shouldBookmark it

GENERAL AWARENESS34

A disk’s Content that is recorded at thetime of manufacture and that cannot bechanged or erased by the user is______Read onlyIn computer language one kilobyteequals1024 bytesCharles Babbage inventedDifference EngineLetters, Memos, Term Papers, Reportsand Contracts are all example ofDocumentsHow many values can be representedby single byte256Eight bits of databyteModern computers represent charactersand numbers internally using one of thefollowing number systemBinaryWhich type of Software is used to makea slide showPresentation SoftwarePersonal logs or Journal entries postedon the web are known asBlogsArtificial intelligence can be used in ev-ery sphere of life because of itsAbility of think like human beingsIn Pcs, P stands forPersonal______ controls the manner of interac-tion between the user and the operatigsystemUser interfaceIf you type a word that is not in word’sdictionary, a wavy ______ underlineappears below the wordRed

Horizontal and Vertical lines on aworksheet are calledGridlinesSoftware you can use to create a bud-get is calledSpreadsheet softwareThe first generation computers hadVaccum tubes and Magnetc drumThe rectangular area of the screen thatdisplays a program, data, or informatinis aWindow______ is the process of carrying outcommandsExecutingDelivery channel meansplaces where products are madeavailable to the buyersPasswords enable users toretain confidentiality of filesWhen sending an e-mail, the ______ linedescribes the contents of the messageSubjectThe ______ tells the computer how touse its componentsOperating systemA ______ is a named set of charactersthat have the same characteristicsType styleA ______ pre-designed document thatalready has coordinating fonts, a layoutand a backgroundTemplateThe ______ of software contains listsof commands and options.Menu barA ______ can make it easier to playgamesJoy StickWhich key is used in combination withanother key to perform a specific task?Control


When you turn on the computer the bootroutine will perform this test?disk drive testFor creating a document, you use______ command at file menuNewWhen you save to this, your data willremain intact even when the computeris turned off.Secondary Storage DeviceThe task bar is locatedat the bottom of the screenWhat type of computer could be foundin a digital watchEmbedded computerThe ______ is the box that most im-portant parts of a computer systemSystem unitThe main directory of a disk is calledthe ______ directoryrootAntivirus software is an example of______A security utilityComputer programs are written in a highlevel programming language, however,the human readable version of a pro-gram is called ______Source codeWhat happens when you press thectrl+v keyThe selected item- is pasted to theclipboardWhich do you press to enter the currentdate in a cell?ctrl + ; (semicolon)Which of the following describes a rela-tional databae?It consists of separate tables of re-lated data

________ places the common data el-ements in order from smallest to largestbit, byte, character, record, field, file,databaseHow do you prevent emailed worddocuments form always opening in theReading layout?From the Tools menu > Options >General Tab > uncheck the ‘Allowstarting in Reading layout’In Excel, Charts are created using whichoptions?Chart WizardThe Primary purpose of software is toturn data intoInformationBack up of the data files will help to pre-ventloss of dataText in a column is generally alignedJustifiedThe back ground of any word documentcan have any colour you chooseThe ability to find an individual item in afile immediately ______ is useddirect access________ is the process of finding er-rors in software codeTestingVirtual memory isMemory on the hard disk that theCPU uses an extended RAMTo move to the beginning of a line oftext, press the ______ keyEnterIf text was highlighted and ‘Edit’ ‘Copy’was clicked what would happen?Text would be copied from the docu-mentA scanner scansBoth pictures and text

GENERAL AWARENESS36

For opening and closing of the file inExcel, you can use which bar?TitleComputer language used on the internetisJavaA central computer that holds collectionsof data and programs for many PCs.Work stations and other computer isa(n).ServerThe Standard Protocol of the internet is______TCP/IPA program that generally has more userfriendly interface than DBMS is called a______Front endEach cell in a microsoft Excel documentis referred to by its cell address, whichis theCell’s row and column labelsWhen the pointer is positioned on a______ it is shaped like a handhyperlinkAn example of non - numeri data is______Employee AddressThe best reason that a computer needsto have a hard disk is because______it can store information when it isswitched off______ is when the more power-hun-gry components, such as the monitorand the hard drive, are put idle.Stand by modePrograms from the same developer, soldbundled together, that provide betterintegration and share common features,

toolbars, and menus are known asSoftware suitesThe OSI model is divided into ______process called layersSevenA Proxy server is usedto provide security against unautho-rized usersWhat is the primary difference betweena virus and a wormA worm has the ability to self-propa-gate from an infected user’s com-puter to other computers______ describes what is in databasefieldsField namesA goal of normalization is tominimize data redundancyA code that relational database manage-ment systems use to perform their data-base tasks is referred to asSQLLinux is a(n) ______ Operating SystemOpen-SourceThis can be another word for programSoftwareThe term ‘hypertext’ meansHypermediaThe word FTP Stands forFile Transfer ProtocolWhat is the process of copying softwareprograms from secondary storage me-dia to the hard disk called ______InstallationA collection of programs that controlshow your computer system runs andprocess information is calledOperating System