GANGS 101GANGS 101SANTA CRUZ NEIGHBORSSANTA CRUZ NEIGHBORS

NOVEMBER 28, 2007NOVEMBER 28, 2007

WHAT IS A GANGWHAT IS A GANG

CA penal code defines a "criminal streetCA penal code defines a "criminal streetgang" as any ongoing organization,gang" as any ongoing organization,association, or group of three or moreassociation, or group of three or morepersons . . . having as one of its primarypersons . . . having as one of its primaryactivities the commission of one or moreactivities the commission of one or moreenumerated offenses, having a commonenumerated offenses, having a commonname or identifying sign or symbol, andname or identifying sign or symbol, andwhose members engage in a pattern ofwhose members engage in a pattern ofgang activity. (Pen. Code 186.22, gang activity. (Pen. Code 186.22, subdsubd..(f).)(f).)

WHATWHAT’’S THE ATTRACTION?S THE ATTRACTION? ClowardCloward and Ohlin and Ohlin’’s theory is the concept ofs theory is the concept of

differential opportunity.differential opportunity. According to this concept, people in all levels ofAccording to this concept, people in all levels of

society share the same success goals(1);society share the same success goals(1); however, those in the lower class have limitedhowever, those in the lower class have limited means by which to achieve their goals. Peoplemeans by which to achieve their goals. People

who see themselves as failures withinwho see themselves as failures withinconventional society will seek alternative orconventional society will seek alternative orinnovative ways to achieve success. Thus,innovative ways to achieve success. Thus,individuals may become involved in gang life andindividuals may become involved in gang life and

crime simply because legitimate means ofcrime simply because legitimate means ofsuccess are unavailable(2) to them. 1960success are unavailable(2) to them. 1960

A BRIEF HISTORY OF GANGSA BRIEF HISTORY OF GANGS

18701870’’s s –– NYC NYC –– 5 POINTS GANG 5 POINTS GANG(ITALIAN) DOMINATED :(ITALIAN) DOMINATED :

IRISH GANG (DEAD RABBITS) ANDIRISH GANG (DEAD RABBITS) ANDJEWISH GANG (EASTMAN GANG)JEWISH GANG (EASTMAN GANG)

VIED FOR CONTROL OF $$ TO BE MADEVIED FOR CONTROL OF $$ TO BE MADEFROM ILLICIT ACTIVITIESFROM ILLICIT ACTIVITIES

OFTEN FOUGHT TILL THE DEATHOFTEN FOUGHT TILL THE DEATH

MEXICAN REVOLUTION 1910-1921MEXICAN REVOLUTION 1910-1921 1910-1940 1910-1940 –– MANY MEXICANS MIGRATED MANY MEXICANS MIGRATED

NORTH TO CA AND TXNORTH TO CA AND TX ESCAPED SOCIAL AND POLITICAL UNREST INESCAPED SOCIAL AND POLITICAL UNREST IN

HOMELANDHOMELAND MANY FELT UNWANTED BY NEW COUNTRY EVENMANY FELT UNWANTED BY NEW COUNTRY EVEN

AS NATURALIZED CITIZENSAS NATURALIZED CITIZENS CONGREGATED IN POOREST NEIGHBORHOODSCONGREGATED IN POOREST NEIGHBORHOODS RIVALRIES AND TENSION ROSE AS NEWCOMERSRIVALRIES AND TENSION ROSE AS NEWCOMERS

CONTINUED TO ARRIVECONTINUED TO ARRIVE GANGS FORMED - TOOK NAMES OF STREETS ORGANGS FORMED - TOOK NAMES OF STREETS OR

AVENUESAVENUES GANG MEMBERS SAW THEMSELVES ASGANG MEMBERS SAW THEMSELVES AS

PROTECTORS OF NEIGHBORHOODSPROTECTORS OF NEIGHBORHOODS MARAVILLA GANGS BEGIN TO FORM IN L.A.MARAVILLA GANGS BEGIN TO FORM IN L.A.

CULTURE CLASHCULTURE CLASH 1930-1940 1930-1940 –– PUCHUCO GROUPS FORMED IN EL PASO, PUCHUCO GROUPS FORMED IN EL PASO,

TEXAS TEXAS –– SPREAD WEST. ZOOT SUITS POPULARIZED SPREAD WEST. ZOOT SUITS POPULARIZED FORMED FOR SELF-PROTECTION AND REBELLIONFORMED FOR SELF-PROTECTION AND REBELLION

AGAINST ANGLO DOMINANCE AND THEIR OWN PARENTSAGAINST ANGLO DOMINANCE AND THEIR OWN PARENTS ZOOTSUITORS ATTACKED BY ANGLO SERVICEMEN ANDZOOTSUITORS ATTACKED BY ANGLO SERVICEMEN AND

CIVILIANSCIVILIANS 22 MEXICAN AMERICAN YOUTH (3822 MEXICAN AMERICAN YOUTH (38THTH ST GANG) ST GANG)

CONVICTED, IMPRISONED THEN VINDICATED IN SLEEPYCONVICTED, IMPRISONED THEN VINDICATED IN SLEEPYLAGOON MURDERSLAGOON MURDERS

MEXICAN AMERICANS FIGHT BRAVELY VS NAZIS ANDMEXICAN AMERICANS FIGHT BRAVELY VS NAZIS ANDJAPANESE, WITH MANY WINNING CONGRESSIONALJAPANESE, WITH MANY WINNING CONGRESSIONALMEDALS OF HONORMEDALS OF HONOR

RETURN HOME TO SAME POVERTY, SAME PREJUDICE ANDRETURN HOME TO SAME POVERTY, SAME PREJUDICE ANDDISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION

AGGRESSION SWITCHES TO EACH OTHERAGGRESSION SWITCHES TO EACH OTHER

1950-19601950-1960 CIVIL UNREST AND CIVIL RIGHTSCIVIL UNREST AND CIVIL RIGHTS GOVERNMENT REFORM CUTS AFFECT PROGRAMS FORGOVERNMENT REFORM CUTS AFFECT PROGRAMS FOR

THE POOR, ESPECIALLY MEXICAN AND AFRICANTHE POOR, ESPECIALLY MEXICAN AND AFRICANAMERICANSAMERICANS

STEEL, AUTO, MEATPACKING AND TEXTILESTEEL, AUTO, MEATPACKING AND TEXTILEINDUSTRIES TAKE HIT, ESPECIALLY HARD HIT AREASINDUSTRIES TAKE HIT, ESPECIALLY HARD HIT AREASINCLUDE LOS ANGELES AND CHICAGO.INCLUDE LOS ANGELES AND CHICAGO.

SOME COMMUNITIES DEVASTATED BY MAJOR JOBSOME COMMUNITIES DEVASTATED BY MAJOR JOBLOSSESLOSSES

ACTIVIST GROUPS ARE FORMED AND ORGANIZEDACTIVIST GROUPS ARE FORMED AND ORGANIZEDPROTEST MARCHES ARE COMMONPROTEST MARCHES ARE COMMON

COMPETITION FOR EXISTING RESOURCES GIVES RISECOMPETITION FOR EXISTING RESOURCES GIVES RISETO TENSION/FRICTIONTO TENSION/FRICTION

1950-19601950-1960

AS THE DRUG CULTURE STARTS, GANGS STARTAS THE DRUG CULTURE STARTS, GANGS STARTTO GET INVOLVED IN DRUG MANUAFCTURING,TO GET INVOLVED IN DRUG MANUAFCTURING,USE AND SALES.USE AND SALES.

1818THTH ST GANG FORMED ST GANG FORMED 1968 - SAN QUENTIN MURDER STARTS THE1968 - SAN QUENTIN MURDER STARTS THE

““SHOE WARS,SHOE WARS,”” SOLIDIFYING RIVALRY BETWEEN SOLIDIFYING RIVALRY BETWEENMEXICAN AMERICANS FROM THE SOUTH ANDMEXICAN AMERICANS FROM THE SOUTH ANDTHE NORTH.THE NORTH.

1969 1969 –– CRIPS STARTED BY RAYMOND CRIPS STARTED BY RAYMONDWASHINGTONWASHINGTON

HISTORY OF AFRICAN-AMERICANHISTORY OF AFRICAN-AMERICANGANGSGANGS

1948 - 1952 1948 - 1952 AlisoAliso Housing Projects - Housing Projects - ““Purple HeartPurple HeartGangGang””

1952 1952 Korean Conflict - lull in gang activityKorean Conflict - lull in gang activity 1958 - 1965 1958 - 1965 SlausonsSlausons, Huns, Gladiators, Businessmen,, Huns, Gladiators, Businessmen,

PueblosPueblos 1965 - 1968 1965 - 1968 Vietnam Conflict - lull in gang activityVietnam Conflict - lull in gang activity 1969 1969 Pre Pre CripCrip Era - Al Capone Era - Al Capone’’s, Smacks, Charlies, Smacks, Charlie

BrownsBrowns 1969 - 1970 1969 - 1970 Avenue gang fought RaymondAvenue gang fought Raymond

Washington, Lonnie Keeler, Michael Conception - BirthWashington, Lonnie Keeler, Michael Conception - Birthof the of the CripsCrips

1972 1972 Birth of the Blood GangsBirth of the Blood Gangs

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

Traditionally there is not one member who is in charge ofTraditionally there is not one member who is in charge ofeveryone in African-American gangs.everyone in African-American gangs.

Double Original GangstersDouble Original Gangsters The Double The Double O.G.O.G.’’ss are the members who have been with the gang are the members who have been with the gang

since it started, currently in their mid-30since it started, currently in their mid-30’’s to mid-40s to mid-40’’s. Theses. Thesemembers will usually only be seen at gang-related funerals to showmembers will usually only be seen at gang-related funerals to showtheir loyalty to the gang and pay respect to a specific homeboy.their loyalty to the gang and pay respect to a specific homeboy.

Original GangsterOriginal Gangster The Original Gangsters are not as visible today as they were in theThe Original Gangsters are not as visible today as they were in the

past but they are still respected in the gang. These individuals maypast but they are still respected in the gang. These individuals mayhave families and hold a job so it is considered all right for them tohave families and hold a job so it is considered all right for them tonot be as active in the neighborhood.not be as active in the neighborhood.

Young GangsterYoung Gangster These individuals are between the ages of 19 to 26. This particularThese individuals are between the ages of 19 to 26. This particular

group of members are considered the most dangerous and violentgroup of members are considered the most dangerous and violentin the gang. These members strive to maintain the on going feudin the gang. These members strive to maintain the on going feudbetween rival gangs. The goal is to be considered as between rival gangs. The goal is to be considered as ““crazy, truecrazy, truesoldierssoldiers”” by their peers and rival gang members (Lane, 2000). by their peers and rival gang members (Lane, 2000).

CRIPSCRIPS Originated in Los Angeles in the late 60sOriginated in Los Angeles in the late 60s Migrated throughout the United StatesMigrated throughout the United States Generally align with Folk Nation setsGenerally align with Folk Nation sets Extremely violentExtremely violent MultiracialMultiracial Identifiers/symbols:Identifiers/symbols: the color bluethe color blue blue bandannas and ragsblue bandannas and rags use the letter "c" in place of "b" in writing in disrespectuse the letter "c" in place of "b" in writing in disrespect

for Bloodsfor Bloods calling each other "calling each other "CuzzCuzz"" calling themselves "Blood calling themselves "Blood KillasKillas" (BK)" (BK) wearing British Knight (BK) tennis shoeswearing British Knight (BK) tennis shoes

BLOODSBLOODS Originated in South California to defend againstOriginated in South California to defend against

the the CripsCrips Generally align with People Nation setsGenerally align with People Nation sets Identifiers/symbols:Identifiers/symbols: the color redthe color red red bandannas or ragsred bandannas or rags the word "the word "PiruPiru" (the original Blood gang)" (the original Blood gang) crossed out "C" in words as disrespect for crossed out "C" in words as disrespect for CripsCrips

FOUR MAIN PRISON GANGSFOUR MAIN PRISON GANGS There are four main prison gangs in theThere are four main prison gangs in the

California prison system, the Mexican MafiaCalifornia prison system, the Mexican Mafia(EME, M), (EME, M), NuestraNuestra FamiliaFamilia (NF), Aryan (NF), AryanBrotherhood (AB), and The Black GuerillaBrotherhood (AB), and The Black GuerillaFamily (BGF). Prison gangs have a long historyFamily (BGF). Prison gangs have a long historyof influencing local street gangs. Prison gangsof influencing local street gangs. Prison gangscan influence the sale of drugs on the streets,can influence the sale of drugs on the streets,order hits on rival gang members and tax localorder hits on rival gang members and tax localstreet gangs a portion of their income instreet gangs a portion of their income inexchange for protection. Within the prisons theexchange for protection. Within the prisons themajority of inmates unite with a prison gangmajority of inmates unite with a prison gangaccording to their ethnicity, so street gangaccording to their ethnicity, so street gangrivalries usually do not exist.rivalries usually do not exist.

The Mexican MafiaThe Mexican Mafia Gender Makeup:Gender Makeup: Male Male Racial Makeup: Racial Makeup: Mexican-American/HispanicMexican-American/Hispanic Origin:Origin: The Mexican Mafia (EME) was formed in the late 50s at Duel The Mexican Mafia (EME) was formed in the late 50s at Duel

Vocational Center, a youthful offender facility in California, from an urbanVocational Center, a youthful offender facility in California, from an urbanLos Angeles street gang.Los Angeles street gang.

Characteristics:Characteristics: EME'sEME's philosophy centers on ethnic solidarity and control of drug philosophy centers on ethnic solidarity and control of drug

trafficking.trafficking. EME is the Federal Bureau of Prisons' most active gang, in terms ofEME is the Federal Bureau of Prisons' most active gang, in terms of

incident frequency rather than severity.incident frequency rather than severity. Ordinarily, each prison has a separate leadership.Ordinarily, each prison has a separate leadership. Identifiers/Symbols:Identifiers/Symbols: Initials "EME."Initials "EME." The Mexican flag symbols such as the eagle with a snake in conjunctionThe Mexican flag symbols such as the eagle with a snake in conjunction

with the initials "EME."with the initials "EME." A single hand print, usually black in color.A single hand print, usually black in color. The EME symbol of eternal war.The EME symbol of eternal war. Initials 'MM' or 'M.'Initials 'MM' or 'M.'

The Mexican MafiaThe Mexican Mafia Enemies/Rivals:Enemies/Rivals: The The La La NuestraNuestra FamiliaFamilia is the is the EME'sEME's chief rival. They are said to have a chief rival. They are said to have a

"kill on sight relationship," which has resulted in Federal Bureau of Prisons"kill on sight relationship," which has resulted in Federal Bureau of Prisonsadopting an absolute separation of confirmed members. Other rivalsadopting an absolute separation of confirmed members. Other rivalsinclude:include:

Northern StructureNorthern Structure Arizona's Arizona's NewNew Mexican Mafia Mexican Mafia Black Guerrilla FamilyBlack Guerrilla Family black street gangsblack street gangs Allies:Allies: The EME has a very active working relationship with the AryanThe EME has a very active working relationship with the Aryan

Brotherhood. Other allies include:Brotherhood. Other allies include: Arizona's Arizona's OldOld Mexican Mafia Mexican Mafia MexikanemiMexikanemi New Mexico SyndicateNew Mexico Syndicate urban Latino street gangs.urban Latino street gangs. The EME often provides protection for imprisoned La Costa NostraThe EME often provides protection for imprisoned La Costa Nostra

membersmembers..

NUESTRA FAMILIANUESTRA FAMILIA Gender Makeup: Gender Makeup: MaleMale Racial Makeup: Racial Makeup: Mexican-American/ HispanicMexican-American/ Hispanic Origin: Origin: The La The La NuestraNuestra FamiliaFamilia (NF) originated in Soledad prison in (NF) originated in Soledad prison in

California in the mid 60s. It was established to protect younger,California in the mid 60s. It was established to protect younger,rural, Mexican-American inmates from other inmates.rural, Mexican-American inmates from other inmates.

Characteristics:Characteristics: The NF was originally formed for protection purposes from theThe NF was originally formed for protection purposes from the

Mexican Mafia (EME).Mexican Mafia (EME). The cultural and social differences between urban and ruralThe cultural and social differences between urban and rural

Mexican Americans developed into a deep hatred between the EMEMexican Americans developed into a deep hatred between the EMEand NF.and NF.

The struggle to gain power over other groups evolved into the NF'sThe struggle to gain power over other groups evolved into the NF'sparticipation in criminal activities in an effort to control theparticipation in criminal activities in an effort to control theintroduction of contraband into the facilities.introduction of contraband into the facilities.

There are separate organizational chains for street and prisonThere are separate organizational chains for street and prisonsegments.segments.

NUESTRA FAMILIANUESTRA FAMILIA Identifiers/Symbols:Identifiers/Symbols: La La NuestraNuestra FamiliaFamilia members are known to wear identifying red rags (as does the members are known to wear identifying red rags (as does the

Northern Structure).Northern Structure). NF members favor larger tattoos, often on the entire back/chest.NF members favor larger tattoos, often on the entire back/chest. Symbols include the initials NF, LNF, ENE, and F.Symbols include the initials NF, LNF, ENE, and F. The number 14 for "N," the 14th letter in the alphabet stands for Norte or NorthernThe number 14 for "N," the 14th letter in the alphabet stands for Norte or Northern

California.California. A sombrero with a dagger is a symbol commonly used by NF members.A sombrero with a dagger is a symbol commonly used by NF members. Enemies/Rivals:Enemies/Rivals: The Mexican Mafia is the chief rival. Other rivals include:The Mexican Mafia is the chief rival. Other rivals include: Texas SyndicateTexas Syndicate MexikanemiMexikanemi F-14sF-14s Aryan BrotherhoodAryan Brotherhood Allies:Allies: The The NFsNFs have an uneasy working relationship with the have an uneasy working relationship with the Black Guerrilla FamilyBlack Guerrilla Family that that

is driven by their sharing of common enemies.is driven by their sharing of common enemies. The The Northern StructureNorthern Structure, a spin-off subsidiary prison gang, is believed to have, a spin-off subsidiary prison gang, is believed to have

formed to direct the attention of officials away from the NF.formed to direct the attention of officials away from the NF.

NF STRUCTURENF STRUCTURE LA MESA - GOVERNING BODYLA MESA - GOVERNING BODY CARNALESCARNALES NUESTRA RAZA /NORTHERN STRUCTURENUESTRA RAZA /NORTHERN STRUCTURE

SECONDARY PRISON GANG - CARRYSECONDARY PRISON GANG - CARRYOUT DICTATES OF THE CARNALESOUT DICTATES OF THE CARNALES

NORTEÑO STREET GANGS NORTEÑO STREET GANGS –– NOT NOTREQUIRED TO PUT IN WORK FOR NF,REQUIRED TO PUT IN WORK FOR NF,BUT MUST ABIDE BY ITS CODES (TAXES,BUT MUST ABIDE BY ITS CODES (TAXES,ETC)ETC)

ARYAN BROTHERHOODARYAN BROTHERHOOD Gender Makeup: Gender Makeup: MaleMale Racial Makeup: Racial Makeup: WhiteWhite Origin: Origin: Originated in 1967 in the San Quentin State Prison,Originated in 1967 in the San Quentin State Prison,

California Department of Corrections.California Department of Corrections. Characteristics:Characteristics: Unaffiliated splinter groups sometimes use the name of their stateUnaffiliated splinter groups sometimes use the name of their state

along with the name "Aryan Brotherhood" (e.g., Aryan Brotherhoodalong with the name "Aryan Brotherhood" (e.g., Aryan Brotherhoodof Texas).of Texas).

Members display many white supremacist, neo-Members display many white supremacist, neo-nazinazi characteristics characteristicsand ideology, but often state their goals as simply "getting highand ideology, but often state their goals as simply "getting highand getting over," or making their stay in the prison as comfortableand getting over," or making their stay in the prison as comfortableas possible.as possible.

Members are ordinarily apolitical. Most are in custody for crimesMembers are ordinarily apolitical. Most are in custody for crimessuch as robbery.such as robbery.

ARYAN BROTHERHOODARYAN BROTHERHOOD Identifiers/Symbols:Identifiers/Symbols: Shamrock clover leafShamrock clover leaf Initials "AB"Initials "AB" SwastikasSwastikas Double lighting boltsDouble lighting bolts The numbers "666"The numbers "666" Known to use Gaelic (old Irish) symbols as aKnown to use Gaelic (old Irish) symbols as a

method of coding communicationsmethod of coding communications Aryan Brotherhood groups from other statesAryan Brotherhood groups from other states

often accompany the symbols mentioned aboveoften accompany the symbols mentioned abovewith the name of the statewith the name of the state

ARYANARYAN BROTHERHOODBROTHERHOOD Enemies/Rivals:Enemies/Rivals: The AB maintains a working relationship with theThe AB maintains a working relationship with the

Mexican Mafia (EME) and therefore opposes the Mexican Mafia (EME) and therefore opposes the EME'sEME'slong-time enemy, the La long-time enemy, the La NuestraNuestra FamiliaFamilia (NF). (NF).

The Aryan Brotherhood has traditionally nurtured aThe Aryan Brotherhood has traditionally nurtured adeep hatred toward black individuals and members ofdeep hatred toward black individuals and members ofblack groups/gangs, such as the:black groups/gangs, such as the:

Black Guerrilla Family (BGF)Black Guerrilla Family (BGF) CripsCrips BloodsBloods

BLACK GUERILLA FAMILYBLACK GUERILLA FAMILY

Name of Group:Name of Group: Black Guerilla Family Black Guerilla Family Other Names:Other Names: BGF BGF Origin: Origin: The BGF was founded in 1966 by former Black Panther member George The BGF was founded in 1966 by former Black Panther member George

Jackson. Originally, the BGF was called the Black Family or the Black Vanguard, andJackson. Originally, the BGF was called the Black Family or the Black Vanguard, andit also had links to the "Black Mafia." Some were former members of the Blackit also had links to the "Black Mafia." Some were former members of the BlackLiberation Army, Liberation Army, ۩۩ SymbioneseSymbionese Liberation Army, and Weatherman Underground Liberation Army, and Weatherman Undergroundorganization.organization.

Ideology/Philosophy:Ideology/Philosophy: The BGF is the most "politically" oriented of the major The BGF is the most "politically" oriented of the majorprison gangs. It was formed as a Marxist/Maoist/Leninist revolutionary organizationprison gangs. It was formed as a Marxist/Maoist/Leninist revolutionary organizationwith stated goals to eradicate racism, struggle to maintain dignity in prison, andwith stated goals to eradicate racism, struggle to maintain dignity in prison, andoverthrow the U.S. Government.overthrow the U.S. Government.

Membership Characteristics: Membership Characteristics: Black inmates - though small in number, the BGF Black inmates - though small in number, the BGFhas a very strict death oath which requires a life pledge of loyalty to the gang.has a very strict death oath which requires a life pledge of loyalty to the gang.

Leadership/Organizational Structure:Leadership/Organizational Structure: The gang is organized along paramilitary The gang is organized along paramilitaryline, with a Central Committee, a "Supreme Leader," and military ranks.line, with a Central Committee, a "Supreme Leader," and military ranks.

Geographic Locus:Geographic Locus: Nationwide, but primarily on the East and West Coasts. Nationwide, but primarily on the East and West Coasts. Associated Organizations:Associated Organizations: Other black gangs; La Other black gangs; La NuestraNuestra FamiliaFamilia; Black; Black

Liberation Army; Liberation Army; SymbioneseSymbionese Liberation Army; Weather Underground Liberation Army; Weather Underground Antagonistic Organizations:Antagonistic Organizations: Aryan Aryan BrotherhoºdBrotherhoºd; Texas Syndicate; Aryan; Texas Syndicate; Aryan

Brotherhood of Texas; Mexican MafiaBrotherhood of Texas; Mexican Mafia

STONER GANGSSTONER GANGS

Recently, several non-traditional gang groups have developed that are not turfRecently, several non-traditional gang groups have developed that are not turforiented, yet pose a tremendous threat to law enforcement personnel. Theoriented, yet pose a tremendous threat to law enforcement personnel. TheStoners, as a group, set themselves apart from everyone and tend to be multi-Stoners, as a group, set themselves apart from everyone and tend to be multi-racial (Mexican-American and White) in areas that are racially mixed. Theyracial (Mexican-American and White) in areas that are racially mixed. Theydress in red or black clothing, preferring athletic jersey tops with heavy metaldress in red or black clothing, preferring athletic jersey tops with heavy metalmusic stars displayed. The hair is worn longer with less emphasis on "lookingmusic stars displayed. The hair is worn longer with less emphasis on "lookingsharp," as image isn't important.sharp," as image isn't important.

The "heavy metal" fad popularity greatly adds to the spread of theirThe "heavy metal" fad popularity greatly adds to the spread of theirphilosophy. Music has greatly influenced various groups, and with today's massphilosophy. Music has greatly influenced various groups, and with today's massmedia, it has more impact on everyday life.media, it has more impact on everyday life.

HISTORYHISTORY

Stoners have been in Los Angeles County for approximately the last decade.Stoners have been in Los Angeles County for approximately the last decade.Some Stoner gangs were formed in defense from other gangs or groups.Some Stoner gangs were formed in defense from other gangs or groups.

Stoners are generally junior high or high school students and tend to be betterStoners are generally junior high or high school students and tend to be betterstudents, as a group, than their more traditional gang counterparts. Thestudents, as a group, than their more traditional gang counterparts. Theusually stay in school and participate in athletics. Many groups are allied withusually stay in school and participate in athletics. Many groups are allied withfellow Stoner gangs and feud with other music subculture groups.fellow Stoner gangs and feud with other music subculture groups.

StonersStoners EVIDENCE OF STONER/HEAVY METAL INFLUENCEEVIDENCE OF STONER/HEAVY METAL INFLUENCE Symbolism: That which deals with the occult orSymbolism: That which deals with the occult or

SatanismSatanism Writing Style: Uses the occult symbolism, heavy metalWriting Style: Uses the occult symbolism, heavy metal

music oriented, and heavily influenced with the drugmusic oriented, and heavily influenced with the drugsubculture.subculture.

Musical Heroes: Tend to be from the heavy metalMusical Heroes: Tend to be from the heavy metalorientation. Some of the more popular groups are: orientation. Some of the more popular groups are: DioDio,,Iron Maiden, Venom, W.A.S.P., Slayer, Ruthless, JudasIron Maiden, Venom, W.A.S.P., Slayer, Ruthless, JudasPriest, Black Sabbath, Motley Crew [ Priest, Black Sabbath, Motley Crew [ sicsic ], ], OzzyOzzyOsbourneOsbourne, AC/DC, AC/DC

Other Heroes of the Stoner Membership are: Other Heroes of the Stoner Membership are: AleisterAleisterCrowley, Anton Crowley, Anton LeVeyLeVey, Adolph Hitler, Charles Manson, Adolph Hitler, Charles Manson

StonersStoners CRIMINAL ACTIVITYCRIMINAL ACTIVITY

Stoners tend to be involved in the drug subculture and commonly abuseStoners tend to be involved in the drug subculture and commonly abusesuch drugs as speed, LSD, rock cocaine, and PCP. They actively participatesuch drugs as speed, LSD, rock cocaine, and PCP. They actively participatein both sales and use of these drugs. They easily flow into and out of gangin both sales and use of these drugs. They easily flow into and out of gangareas because they are perceived as no threat.areas because they are perceived as no threat.

Stoners tend to participate in animal sacrifice and ritual crimes such asStoners tend to participate in animal sacrifice and ritual crimes such asgraveyard or church desecrations. Suicides within the Stoner gangs aregraveyard or church desecrations. Suicides within the Stoner gangs areincreasing and many researchers feel this is due to the heavy metalincreasing and many researchers feel this is due to the heavy metalinfluence.influence.

This phenomenon creates various problems for law enforcement in thatThis phenomenon creates various problems for law enforcement in thatthese gangs are different from traditional gangs. Stoner philosophy andthese gangs are different from traditional gangs. Stoner philosophy andmotivation differs greatly from traditional street gangs, but their criminalmotivation differs greatly from traditional street gangs, but their criminalpotential and propensity for violence are at least as great.potential and propensity for violence are at least as great.

--taken from --taken from L.A Style: A Street Gang Manual of the Los Angeles County Sheriff'sL.A Style: A Street Gang Manual of the Los Angeles County Sheriff'sDepartmentDepartment

MARA SALVATRUCHAMARA SALVATRUCHA

The Mara The Mara SalvatruchaSalvatrucha gang originated in gang originated inLos Angeles. There is some dispute aboutLos Angeles. There is some dispute aboutthe exact etymology. The most commonthe exact etymology. The most commonbelief is that the word "Mara" refers tobelief is that the word "Mara" refers tothe Spanish word for "the Spanish word for "GangGang", and", and""SalvatruchaSalvatrucha" (which is Spanish slang) for" (which is Spanish slang) for"Salvadoran". The gang was set up in "Salvadoran". The gang was set up in LosLosAngelesAngeles in in 19721972 by by SalvadoranSalvadoranimmigrants in the immigrants in the Pico-UnionPico-Union section. section.

MARA SALVATRUCHAMARA SALVATRUCHA

the word the word maramara means gang in means gang in CalicheCalicheand is taken from and is taken from marabuntamarabunta, the name, the nameof a fierce type of ant. "of a fierce type of ant. "SalvatruchaSalvatrucha" is a" is aportmanteauportmanteau of of SalvadoranSalvadoran and and truchatrucha, a, aCalicheCaliche word for being alert, usually word for being alert, usuallyentailing preparedness for crime or abuseentailing preparedness for crime or abusefrom police. from police. Mara Mara SalvatruchaSalvatrucha is also is alsocommonly translated as commonly translated as Salvadoran ArmySalvadoran ArmyAntAnt..

MARA SALVATRUCHAMARA SALVATRUCHA

Many Mara Many Mara SalvatruchaSalvatrucha members often members oftencover themselves in cover themselves in tattoostattoos. Common. Commonmarkings include "MS", "13", "Salvadorianmarkings include "MS", "13", "SalvadorianPride" the "Devil Horns" and the name ofPride" the "Devil Horns" and the name oftheir clique.their clique.[[

HELLS ANGELSHELLS ANGELS Formed in Formed in 19481948 in in FontanaFontana, , CaliforniaCalifornia, the, the

name "Hells Angels" was inspired by the namename "Hells Angels" was inspired by the nameof the of the U.S. Air ForceU.S. Air Force 303rd 303rd BombardmentBombardmentGroupsGroups, a military unit formed in the early years, a military unit formed in the early yearsof of World War IIWorld War II..

Both the Both the Federal Bureau of InvestigationFederal Bureau of Investigation and andthe the Criminal Intelligence Service CanadaCriminal Intelligence Service Canada classify classifythe Angels as one of the "big four" the Angels as one of the "big four" outlawoutlawmotorcycle gangsmotorcycle gangs; contending that members; contending that memberscarry out widespread violence, carry out widespread violence, drug dealingdrug dealing,,trafficking in stolen goods, and trafficking in stolen goods, and extortionextortion..

HELLS ANGELSHELLS ANGELS

Chapters worldwide (Santa Cruz San Jose) HAMC members must be Caucasian,

Hispanic, or Asian males over 21 Required to own a Harley-Davidson

motorcycle. Prospective members are brought into

chapters through a lengthy, phasedprocess.

HELLS ANGELSHELLS ANGELS The Hells Angels utilize a patch system. TheThe Hells Angels utilize a patch system. The

official colors of the Hells Angels are redofficial colors of the Hells Angels are redlettering displayed on a white background,lettering displayed on a white background,which is the derivation of the clubs alias as "Thewhich is the derivation of the clubs alias as "TheRed and White". Red and white is also used toRed and White". Red and white is also used todisplay the number 81, on many of theirdisplay the number 81, on many of theirpatches, such as "Support 81, Route 81". The 8patches, such as "Support 81, Route 81". The 8and 1 stand for their equivalent position in theand 1 stand for their equivalent position in thealphabet, thus the 8th letter of the alphabet isalphabet, thus the 8th letter of the alphabet isHH, and the first is , and the first is AA, together reading HA, Hells, together reading HA, HellsAngels.Angels.

SANTA CRUZ NORTHSANTA CRUZ NORTH

NORTHSIDE WATSONVILLENORTHSIDE WATSONVILLE CITY HALLERSCITY HALLERS WESTSIDE SANTA CRUZWESTSIDE SANTA CRUZ

(MULTI-RACIAL)(MULTI-RACIAL) NORTHSIDE SANTA CRUZNORTHSIDE SANTA CRUZ OTHERS ??OTHERS ??

SANTA CRUZ SOUTHSANTA CRUZ SOUTH

POORSIDE WATSONVILLEPOORSIDE WATSONVILLE EASTSIDE SANTA CRUZEASTSIDE SANTA CRUZ

(FLATS AREA)(FLATS AREA) VILLA SAN CARLOS (MULTIVILLA SAN CARLOS (MULTI

RACIAL)RACIAL) OTHERS??OTHERS??

GRAFFITIGRAFFITI

Graffiti is referred to as the newspaper of the street. It can identifyGraffiti is referred to as the newspaper of the street. It can identifygang boundaries and is used to communicate challenges to rivalgang boundaries and is used to communicate challenges to rivalgangs. Graffiti can also indicate whether or not a gang member isgangs. Graffiti can also indicate whether or not a gang member ison the on the ““outsouts”” with the gang, meaning if he/she has problems. with the gang, meaning if he/she has problems.Graffiti tells of gang exploits or crimes. Most of all, graffitiGraffiti tells of gang exploits or crimes. Most of all, graffitiintimidates and disrespects other gangs as well as the communityintimidates and disrespects other gangs as well as the communitywhere it is written.where it is written.

Graffiti includes the use of monikers or nicknames. Nicknames tendGraffiti includes the use of monikers or nicknames. Nicknames tendto be based on characteristics of an individual (i.e. to be based on characteristics of an individual (i.e. ShortyShorty, , BiggyBiggy,,etc.) or a shortened version of his/her name (i.e. Francisco -etc.) or a shortened version of his/her name (i.e. Francisco -FrankyFranky). Some gang members take on names of animated). Some gang members take on names of animatedcharacters such as Sleepy or Popeye. Hispanic/Latino gangcharacters such as Sleepy or Popeye. Hispanic/Latino gangmembers often use nicknames in Spanish (i.e. members often use nicknames in Spanish (i.e. FlacoFlaco, , HueroHuero, and, andLargo).Largo).

GRAFFITIGRAFFITI Gang members use the alphabet to translate numbersGang members use the alphabet to translate numbers

into letters and vise versa. For example, the numbersinto letters and vise versa. For example, the numbers13 and 14 have been used primarily by Hispanic/Latino13 and 14 have been used primarily by Hispanic/Latinogangs to identify themselves with either the north organgs to identify themselves with either the north orsouth part of the state. The number 13 originated fromsouth part of the state. The number 13 originated fromthe Mexican Mafia. The 13th letter in the alphabet is M,the Mexican Mafia. The 13th letter in the alphabet is M,which in Spanish is pronounced which in Spanish is pronounced ““EME.EME.”” EME refers to EME refers tothe the thethe Mexican Mafia. The 14th letter in the alphabet is Mexican Mafia. The 14th letter in the alphabet isN, pronounced N, pronounced ““ENEENE”” in Spanish, which refers to in Spanish, which refers toNuestraNuestra FamiliaFamilia. Today, many non-Hispanic/Latino. Today, many non-Hispanic/Latinogangs also use the numbers 13 and 14 in their graffitigangs also use the numbers 13 and 14 in their graffitias a way of associating with Northern or Southernas a way of associating with Northern or SouthernCalifornia.California.

DRUGSDRUGS HEROIN HEROIN –– 3400 B.C. The opium poppy is 3400 B.C. The opium poppy is

cultivated in lower Mesopotamia. Thecultivated in lower Mesopotamia. TheSumerians refer to it as Sumerians refer to it as HulHul Gil, the 'joy plant.' Gil, the 'joy plant.'

CHIVA, SMACK, H, HACHE, BLACK TAR (TheCHIVA, SMACK, H, HACHE, BLACK TAR (Theblack tar is dark colored, sticky, and usually anblack tar is dark colored, sticky, and usually anoddly shaped ball wrapped in a piece of plasticoddly shaped ball wrapped in a piece of plasticand, in this case, packed in a colored balloons).and, in this case, packed in a colored balloons).(CHINA) WHITE, (MEXICAN) BROWN(CHINA) WHITE, (MEXICAN) BROWN

HEROIN ADDICT HEROIN ADDICT –– TECATO, TECAT, TECATO, TECAT,Malnutrition and crime, collapsed veins andMalnutrition and crime, collapsed veins anddisease typify the life style of the heroin addict.disease typify the life style of the heroin addict.

SHOOT, SNORT, SMOKESHOOT, SNORT, SMOKE Heroin is usually injected, sniffed/snorted, or smoked.Heroin is usually injected, sniffed/snorted, or smoked.

Typically, a heroin abuser may inject up to four times aTypically, a heroin abuser may inject up to four times aday. Intravenous injection provides the greatestday. Intravenous injection provides the greatestintensity and most rapid onset of euphoria (7 to 8intensity and most rapid onset of euphoria (7 to 8seconds), while intramuscular injection produces aseconds), while intramuscular injection produces arelatively slow onset of euphoria (5 to 8 minutes). Whenrelatively slow onset of euphoria (5 to 8 minutes). Whenheroin is sniffed or smoked, peak effects are usually feltheroin is sniffed or smoked, peak effects are usually feltwithin 10 to 15 minutes. Although smoking and sniffingwithin 10 to 15 minutes. Although smoking and sniffingheroin do not produce a "rush" as quickly or asheroin do not produce a "rush" as quickly or asintensely as intravenous injection, NIDA researchersintensely as intravenous injection, NIDA researchershave confirmed that all three forms of heroinhave confirmed that all three forms of heroinadministration are addictive.administration are addictive.

DRUGSDRUGS The effects of heroin generally last about four to six hours. ListedThe effects of heroin generally last about four to six hours. Listed

below are several observations that may be seen in an individualbelow are several observations that may be seen in an individualunder the influence of heroin.under the influence of heroin.

Pinpoint pupilsPinpoint pupilsDisorientationDisorientationLoss of coordinationLoss of coordinationItchy nose and skinItchy nose and skinLowered sensation of painLowered sensation of painLowered blood pressureLowered blood pressureLowered pulse and respiration rateLowered pulse and respiration rateConstipationConstipationSlow, slurred speechSlow, slurred speechSweatingSweatingInjection sites (tracks) if used IVInjection sites (tracks) if used IVDry mouthDry mouthNasal redness and/or small drug particles remaining inNasal redness and/or small drug particles remaining innostril if snortednostril if snortedDrooping eyelids and the head nodding forwardDrooping eyelids and the head nodding forward

METHAMPHETAMINE/COCAINEMETHAMPHETAMINE/COCAINE

METH METH ––WHITE POWDER OR ICE WHITE POWDER OR ICE –– AKA AKACRANK, CRANKA, CRYSTAL. HIGH LASTCRANK, CRANKA, CRYSTAL. HIGH LASTLONGER THAN COCAINELONGER THAN COCAINE

METH ADDICT METH ADDICT –– TWEAKER TWEAKER COKE- WHITE POWDER OR ROCK COKE- WHITE POWDER OR ROCK –– AKA AKA

CRACK, COLA, ROCK, CHIPCRACK, COLA, ROCK, CHIP WITHDRAWAL WITHDRAWAL –– JONES, JONESING JONES, JONESING

DRUGSDRUGS MARIJUANA MARIJUANA –– MOTA, MARY JANE, GANGA, MOTA, MARY JANE, GANGA,

INDO, PURPLE, NUGS, SKUNK(BUD), LLENOINDO, PURPLE, NUGS, SKUNK(BUD), LLENO(JOINT), BLUNT (REPLACES TOBACCO IN(JOINT), BLUNT (REPLACES TOBACCO INCIGAR, COCAINE CAN BE ADDED) 420, BLAZE,CIGAR, COCAINE CAN BE ADDED) 420, BLAZE,TOKETOKE

HydrocodoneHydrocodone is a narcotic that can produce a is a narcotic that can produce acalm, euphoric state similar to heroin orcalm, euphoric state similar to heroin ormorphine--and despite such important andmorphine--and despite such important andobvious benefits in pain relief, evidence isobvious benefits in pain relief, evidence ispointing to chronic addiction. pointing to chronic addiction. HydrocodoneHydrocodone pills pillshave been sold for $2 to $10 per tablet and $20have been sold for $2 to $10 per tablet and $20to $40 per 8 oz bottle on the street. (2001)to $40 per 8 oz bottle on the street. (2001)

WEAPON SLANGWEAPON SLANG STRAP(PED) = GUN (WITH GUN)STRAP(PED) = GUN (WITH GUN) CUETE =GUNCUETE =GUN GAT =GUN, ESP SEMI/AUTO WEAPON, FROM GATLING (MACHINE)GAT =GUN, ESP SEMI/AUTO WEAPON, FROM GATLING (MACHINE)

GUNGUN NINE, NINA = NINE MILLIMETERNINE, NINA = NINE MILLIMETER TEC = TEC = TECTEC 9, 9, MAC = MAC = MACMAC 10 10 UZI = UZI = UZIUZI AK = AK = AKAK 47 47 CAP, POP A CAP = SHOOT SOMEONECAP, POP A CAP = SHOOT SOMEONE FILERO, SHIEV, SHANK = KNIFEFILERO, SHIEV, SHANK = KNIFE SAFE HOUSE SAFE HOUSE –– SAFE PLACE TO KEEP GUNS SAFE PLACE TO KEEP GUNS DEUCE DEUCE DEUCEDEUCE = 22 CALIBER = 22 CALIBER SHAWTY = SHOTGUNSHAWTY = SHOTGUN

TRENDSTRENDS VIOLENCEVIOLENCE MS 13MS 13 HYBRID GANGS HYBRID GANGS –– LAS VEGAS SQUAD/WOOD LAS VEGAS SQUAD/WOOD ––

MIXED ETHNIC MIXED ETHNIC –– LITTLE ORGANIZATION LITTLE ORGANIZATION SIMILAR DRESS SIMILAR DRESS –– BLACK/WHITE, BAGGY, BLACK/WHITE, BAGGY,

OVERSIZED, HOODIES OVERSIZED, HOODIES –– HAMPERS LAW HAMPERS LAWENFORCEMENT WHEN DESCRTIPTIONS OFENFORCEMENT WHEN DESCRTIPTIONS OFBAD GUYS ARE SIMILARBAD GUYS ARE SIMILAR

CHEESE HEROIN CHEESE HEROIN –– DALLAS SCHOOLS $2.00 DALLAS SCHOOLS $2.00HIT OVERDOSES, ARRESTS UP 60%HIT OVERDOSES, ARRESTS UP 60%

RESOURCESRESOURCES GANGWATCHERS.ORGGANGWATCHERS.ORG KNOWGANGS.COMKNOWGANGS.COM GANGS OR US.COMGANGS OR US.COM SAFESTATE.ORGSAFESTATE.ORG WIKIPEDIA.ORGWIKIPEDIA.ORG RAPDICT.ORGRAPDICT.ORG URBANDICTIONARY.COMURBANDICTIONARY.COM LAW ENFORCEMENT/LOCAL GROUPSLAW ENFORCEMENT/LOCAL GROUPS EACH OTHEREACH OTHER

RESOURCESRESOURCES Helping Gang Members Assimilate Back Into

Society Santa Cruz County Children’s Mental Health Prop. 63 Mental Health Services Act Family & Youth Input From Watsonville Digital Bridges Academy

Surveys The Watsonville Digital Bridges Academy assists youth

and adults at-risk in successfully “bridging” the transition to college and the workforce. Survey helped identify key needs and issues in the area

of helping youth involved with gangs assimilate backinto society, from the viewpoint of community members.

LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION NEW GANG CZAR (PAUL SEAVE)NEW GANG CZAR (PAUL SEAVE) SAFE NEIGHBORHOODS ACT:PROTECTSAFE NEIGHBORHOODS ACT:PROTECT

VICTIMS, STOP GANGS AND THUGS VICTIMS, STOP GANGS AND THUGS –– AN ANINITIATIVE AWAITING CLEARANCE TO BEGININITIATIVE AWAITING CLEARANCE TO BEGINGATHERING SIGNATURES FOR O8 BALLOTGATHERING SIGNATURES FOR O8 BALLOT

ADDS 10 YEARS TO PRISON SENTENCE OFADDS 10 YEARS TO PRISON SENTENCE OFGANG MEMBERS CONVICTED OF VIOLENTGANG MEMBERS CONVICTED OF VIOLENTCRIMECRIME

INCREASES PENALTIES FOR ALL OFFENDERSINCREASES PENALTIES FOR ALL OFFENDERSWHO USE FIREARMS, SELL METH, STEAL CARS,WHO USE FIREARMS, SELL METH, STEAL CARS,DEFACE PROPERTY.DEFACE PROPERTY.

LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION INCREASES PENALTIES FOR ANYONOE WHOINCREASES PENALTIES FOR ANYONOE WHO

SMUGGLES CONTRABAND TO GANG MEMBERSSMUGGLES CONTRABAND TO GANG MEMBERSIN PRISONIN PRISON

PROHIBITS BAIL FOR ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTSPROHIBITS BAIL FOR ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTSCHARGED WITH VIOLENT OR GANG CRIMESCHARGED WITH VIOLENT OR GANG CRIMES

REQUIRES CONVICTED GANG MEMBERS TOREQUIRES CONVICTED GANG MEMBERS TOREGISTER ANNUALLY FOR FIRST 5 YEARSREGISTER ANNUALLY FOR FIRST 5 YEARSAFTER RELEASEAFTER RELEASE

RAISES PENALTIES FOR GANG RECRUITMENTRAISES PENALTIES FOR GANG RECRUITMENTWITH ADDITIONAL 5 YEARS IF PERSONWITH ADDITIONAL 5 YEARS IF PERSONTARGETED IS UNDER 14 YRS OLDTARGETED IS UNDER 14 YRS OLD

LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

CREATES NEW COMMISSION TOCREATES NEW COMMISSION TORECOMMEND AND EVALUATE PROGRAMSRECOMMEND AND EVALUATE PROGRAMSFOR AT RISK YOUTH AND TO AIDFOR AT RISK YOUTH AND TO AIDOFFENDERS UPON RELEASE TOOFFENDERS UPON RELEASE TOCOMMUNITY.COMMUNITY.

AB 802AB 802 An act to add Section 14190 to the Penal Code,

relating to criminal street gangs. Establish the California Commission on Gang Prevention and Intervention that would be

responsible for creating a statewide strategy ongang violence prevention and intervention andcollaborating with local agencies to implementthe statewide strategy. Create an overallstrategy to address gang issues in the state,

and specifically ways to prevent ganginvolvement.

Assembly Bill No. 1291

Approved by Governor October 11, 2007. Authorize the juvenile court, if a minor is found

to be a ward of the court by reason of thecommission of a gang-related offense,

and the court finds that the minor is a first-timeoffender and orders that a parent or guardianretain custody of that minor, to order theparent or guardian to attend antigang violenceparenting classes.