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11th Munich Economic Summit, 4 may 2012
EDUCATION AND TRAININGEDUCATION AND TRAININGDual Education: Europe’s Secret Recipe?Dual Education: Europe’s Secret Recipe?
GIAMPAOLO GALLIGIAMPAOLO GALLI
General Manager ConfindustriaGeneral Manager Confindustria
Few students have a job
Source: EUROSTAT database
Students with a job as % of total students (by age)
2
ItalySpainFranceGreat BritainGermany
15 – 24 years 25 – 29 years 30 – 34 years
Fonte : elaborazioni Confindustria Education su dati OECD-Economic Survey: Germany, 2010
Vocational education prepares participants for direct entry, without further training, into specific occupations. Successful completion of such programmes leads to a labour-market relevant vocational qualification. Some indicators divide vocational programmes into school-based programmes and combined school and work-based programmes on the basis of the amount of training that is provided in
In combined school and work-based programmes, instruction is shared between school and the workplace, although instruction may take place primarily in the workplace. Programmes are classified as combined school and work-based if less than 75 per cent of the curriculum is presented in the school environment or through distance education. Programmes that are more than 90 per cent work-based are excluded.
VET: vocational education and training
(%, student enrolled in upper secondary)
32
2
2836
1521
60
1
15
17
45
14
47
612
212
4
15
1410.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0"Vocational dual" combined school and work-based"Vocational"
Source: Confindustria Education on OECD database
Few students choose Vocational Education and Training
3
Low rate of Vocational Graduates
Source: OECD
4
Advanced research and highly qualified professions (3-4 years) Technical and professional know-how (2-3 years)
PhD
Higher education: the wrong choices
-500
-600
-700
Sociology-Politics -15.100
Litteratures -10.200
Languages -7.000
Psicology -4.400
Architecture -3.700
Geography-Biology -3.200
Sports and Health -1.400
Scientific -1.200
Agrarian Sciences
Education and Teaching
Chemistry
Laws 3.800
Medicine 7.800
Economics-Statistics 14.600
Engineerings 19.700 Demand > Supply:
Employers can’t find these professional curricula
Supply > Demand
Graduates can’t find a job
- 51.000- 51.000Missing Missing curriculacurricula
+ 48.000Unemployed
curricula
Source: Confindustria Education on OECD database5
The results of PISA tests 2009
Source: Confindustria Education on OECD database
LOMBARDIA vs. GERMANYLOMBARDIA vs. GERMANYReadings Maths Sciences
MATHS
483
496
480
485
490
495
500
ITALY OECD
516 513
490
495
500
505
510
515
520
Lombardia Germany
526520
490
495
500
505
510
515
520
525
530
Lombardia Germany
READINGS
486493
480
485
490
495
500
ITALY OECD
522
497
490
495
500
505
510
515
520
525
Lombardia Germany
SCIENCES
489
501
480
485
490
495
500
505
ITALY OECD
ITALY vs. OECDITALY vs. OECD
6
PISA tests don’t measure “knowledge”, but the ability to apply it in real contexts
It’s easier to learn in an educational system where there is no sharp distinction between study and work
WHY?
7
Source: Confindustria Education on CENSIS database
28,6 %(105.329)
36,7 %(217.825)
44,6 %(561.790)
44,4 %(932.003)
45,9 %(1.195.455) 41,6 %
(1.120.634)
35,14 %(945.805)
25
30
35
40
45
50
%
8
Vocational training enrollments as% of total enrollments in upper secondary school
“Non scholae, Non scholae, sed vitae discimussed vitae discimus”
Lucius Annaeus Seneca
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
““Culture make us free from work”Culture make us free from work”
Baruch Spinoza (as quoted by John Colerus,1706, “The life of Spinoza”)
“…“…Every learned man who neglects to learn a Profession Every learned man who neglects to learn a Profession will at last turn a loose manwill at last turn a loose man””
9
1968Materialism (Marx) or Idealism (Hegel + Croce)?
10
Demography and labour market
19681968 TodayTodayDemographyDemography
11 aged (over 65) 2 2 young (under 15)Average marriage age 2727 men; 2424 womenUnder 35 living with parents 20%20%
DemographyDemography33 aged (over 65) 2 2 young (under 15)Average marriage age 3333 men; 3030 womenUnder 35 living with parents 42%42%
Labour marketLabour marketYoung (15 - 29) unemployment rate 3%
EducationEducationOn total young population 15-29: 15%15% hold a diploma 2%2% hold a degree
Manager and EntrepreneursManager and Entrepreneurs(Executive Board)(Executive Board)
Under 30 on total number of manager and entrepreneurs
22%22%
EducationEducationOn total young population 15-29: 50%50% hold a diploma 15%15% hold a degree
Manager and EntrepreneursManager and Entrepreneurs(Executive Board)(Executive Board)
Under 30 on total number of manager and entrepreneurs
5,7%5,7%Source: Confindustria Education on Datagiovani and CENSIS database, 2012
11
Labour marketLabour marketYoung (15 - 29) unemployment rate 20,2%
The overtaking of “Licei”
MIUR
12
Students enrolled in Licei and in Vocational Training, (as % of total enrollments in upper secondary school)
Vocational training
Licei
School year
%
In order to avoid a break, the historical trend includes also students enrolled in pedagogic schools since 1990/’91 (despite the reform became effective in 1998/’99)
Source: Confindustria Education on Ministry of Education database