원고(12 04-10)-regional greengrowth(iclei-전대욱)

The Current Situations of The Current Situations of Regional/Local Green Growth Regional/Local Green Growth Policies in KoreaPolicies in Korea

2012 ICLEI Global Forum on Sustainable Development

“Successful Cases and A Search for the Future Strategy toward SD”

April 10, 2012. / Jeju KAL Hotel

JEON, DAE UKPh.D. in Mgmt. Eng. / Research Fellow, Div of Local Development ResearchKorea Research Institute for Local Administration

Regional/Local Green Growth in Korea� Since 2008, LCGG (or GG: Low Carbon, Green Growth) forms one of the

pillars of the national development strategy as a new paradigm of economic growth nationwide. � “The 5-yr National Action Plan for LCGG,” containing the 3 main objectives and 10

policy directions, has been launched since 2009 toward positioning among the top 5 green-growth countries in the world in 2050.

� Each regional/local government has planed & implemented since 2009 its own policy actions for GG, following the national strategy.� As a sub-plan of the national 5-yr action plan, each regional/local plan established with

considering its characteristics and specific policy instruments appropriate to implement aggressively the national strategy at each regional/local level.

� In 2009 the “5-yr Provincial Action Plans” initiated in the all 16 provinces in Korea

� This study summarizes & discusses the current conditions of and policy actions in the 2010 annual plans of the 16 provinces to pursue LCGG.� Data Source : 2011 Annual Evaluation Report on the Performance of the 16 Provincial

Action Plans for GG by PCGG (Presidential Committee on Green Growth) & KRILA (Korea Research Inst. for Local Admin.)

3

Regional/Local Action Plans for GG� Basic Principles of LCGG Promotion

Article 3, 10 of the FAGG (Framework Act on LCGG) & Art 5 of its ED (Enforcement Decree)

� Gov’nt has to promote a comprehensive national strategy to resolve problems of climate change, energy & resources, to expand engines of economic growth, to enhance enterprises’ competitiveness, to effectively utilize of national lands, and to develop a comfortable environment

� The 5-yr NAPGG (National Action Plans for GG) to be established and implemented with integrating the Central Offices’ plans for GG by PCGG

� Responsibilities of Local Govn’t (Article 5, 11, 12 of FAGG & Art 7, 9 of its ED)

� A Provincial/Metropolitan Governor to establish/implement/revise a 5-yr LAPGG (Local Action Plan for GG) following the NAPGG

� Also to review/evaluate the performance of LAPGG every yr, and to submit it to PCGG

� Final Review of the performance of the 16 LAPGGs & Feedback to the 16 Provincial/Metro Govn’ts by PCGG (Article 13 of FAGG)

� A Provincial/Metro Governor has to endeavor to reflect the opinions on policies presented by PCGG

� The final review and presentation of opinions first made by PCGG & KRILA in 2011

Local/Regional Propellants for GG� Propellant among Central Administrative Agencies (Article 14, 15 of FAGG)

� PCGG instituted to deliberate the national plans for GG and performance of the central offices, and to coordinate actions among them

� PCGG comprised of Prime Minister & relevant Ministers, private Specialists commissioned by the Presidents, etc.

� Legal plans subordinated or related to the national plans for GG� Basic Plan for Coping with Climate Change (PMO, Art 40), Basic Plan for Energy (MKE, Art

41), Basic Plan for Sustainable Development (ME, Art 50), Countermeasures for Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change (ME, Art 48), Comprehensive National Land Plan, Urban/Rural County Master Plan, Balanced National Development Plan, etc (Art 51 of FAGG)

� Taskforces in provincial/metro governments (Art 20, 21 of FAGG and Art 15 of its ED)

� LCGG (Local Committee on GG) to deliberate on matters concerning its major policies and plans related to LCGG and the performance thereof

� Provincial/Metro Governor to designate of GGP (Green Growth Officer) to efficiently promote LCGG

� LCGG under the control of the provincial/metro governor is comprised of Administrative Deputy Governor, Head of an office/bureau in provincial/metro government, Specialists commissioned by the governor, etc.

� LCGGs and GGOs designated in the all 16 Provinces/Metropolitan Cities in 2009, and 244 local rules for GG established (incl. 196 Ordinances & 9 Regulations) in Korea until the end of 2011 (MOPAS)

Glance at Local/Regional Policies #1� Key Features by the 3 main objectives and the 10 policy directions

� [Obj #1] Mitigation of Climate Change & Improvement of Energy Independence

10Directions

Policy in the National Strategy (NAPGG)

Policy in the Local Action Plans

Cases of Excellent Performance

Cases of Cautious Application

1. Mitigation of GHG

Emissions

• Low carbon society• Carbon absorbing & circulating society

• City-forest & Eco-friendly river restoration • Carbon-point system• Green Action Campaign

• Expansion of forest biomass energy (Jeolbuk)• Project for municipal solid waste RDF & boiler (Busan)

• Clean river restoring project for Daesa River, Forrest walk road in Mt. Bomun (Daejeon)• Voluntary agreement for reduction of GHG emission (Chungbuk)

2. Fossil Fuel Reduction &

Energy Independenc

y

• Construct of low-energy cosumption & high efficiency society• Enlargement of clean energy supply• Strengthen of oversea resource development ability

• LED & New and renewable energy implement• Build low-carbon green towns• Bioenergy pilot projects• Bio-diesel vehicles

• Abandoned metal recycling project(Seoul)• Fuel cell electric power generation by methane gas from digester (Busan)• Tower Solar thermal power plants (Daegu)

• Wind power industry project (Jeolnam)• Ganghwa tidal energy power plant joint development project (Incheon)• Construction of biogas plants (Gyeonggi)

3. Improvemen

t of Capability to

Adapt Climate Change

• Build climate monitoring, predicting, early response system• Strengthen disaster management, national health care & food security under climate change • Sustainable water, ocean & forest management

• Forest resource expansion• Education to reduce GHGs• Green or local food campaign• Climate change monitoring and disaster response system•Support low-income citizens

• Conservation & manage Coastal wetland (Jeolnam)• Green IDC (Internet Data Center) Construction (Incheon)• Climate change monitoring about Baeckdudaegan ecosystem (Gangwon)

• Testbed of carbon recycling seawater farm (Jeolbuk)• Building Saemangum wide area ecosystem network (Jeolbuk)• Hydro-station construction (Gyeongnam)

Glance at Local/Regional Policies #2� [Obj #2] Creation of NGE (New Growth Engines)

10Directions



Cases of Excellent Performance

Cases of Cautious Application

4. GT Develop & Creation of

NGE

• Strategic investment & activating international cooperation for GT (Green Tech) infrastructure, R&D• Accelerating GT transfer & build-up industry• Find new growth engines building GT industry

• Continuous search for core GT and support for R&D• Installation of green cars, green public offices•Establish new & renewable energy clusters

• ESCO (Energy Service Companies) project (Ulsan)• Green social enterprise (Chungnam)• Support & development of 7 core GT (Gyeongbuk)

• Ocean bio-energy production system (Chungnam)• Greening and strenghening green competancy of local biz (Gyeongbuk)

5. Nurturing

Green Industry

• Building resource cycling economy • Greening industry & its structure • Fostering green venture, small & medium corps & knowledge-leading green clusters

• Expand production base of env-friendly agriculture• Greening local industries• Funds, CDM or other supports for green industry, green start-up & venture biz

• Build industry cluster based on GT at each range sphere, establish Tae-an energy overall exclusive industrial zone (Chungnam)•Build a 5GW wind power industry cluster (Jeolnam)

• Build-up glass industry by using coal muck in Samchuck (Gangwon)• Greening major local biz (Gyeongbuk)

6. Advanceme

nt of Industry

• Develop new growth harness cutting-edge fusion industry, higher value -added service industry

• Enhancement of Env-friendly robot tech and industry, medical facility and service industry, etc.

• R&D, commercialize ocean bio energy (Jeolbuk)

• RnD core components in env-friendly green welding system (Jeolbuk)• Intelligent housing tech (Gyeongnam)

7. Institutional Foundation for Green Economy

• Activate strategic finance for GT & industry, establish green finance infra & carbon market• Env-friendly taxing & tax support for green merchandise, industry• Regulation reform of low-carbon society, promote energy welfare, green jobs & green human capital

• Introduce carbon-point system, emission trading scheme for public offices•Tax support to green products, vehicles, buildings•Supply new & renew energy to local welfare facility

• Introduce public carbon funds (Ulsan), green energy funds (Jeolnam), low-carbon fund (Gyeongbuk)• Pilot project for public offices' GHG emission scheme (Gyeonggi)

• Introduce carbon finance system (Chungnam))

Glance at Local/Regional Policies #3� [Obj #3] Improvement in QOL & enhancement of international standing

10Directions



Cases of Excellent Performance Cases of Cautious Application

8. Creation of green homeland

& transportati

on

• Establish of green land, localities, buildings & transportation• Enhancement of ecological conservation area• Enlargement of bicycle use

• Automatic bicycle rental system, construct bike roads• Greening rooftops of public offices • Urban traffic optimization & main road management project, greening port systems

• Greening public bldgs (Gwangju)• Change building design to reduce energy (Gwangju)• Gwangkyo Bridge's Wind Path connected to green walkroad(Gyeonggi)• "Green Home" projects by installing PV pannel (Gyeonggi)

• Greening city bus garages (Daegu), Inner city Green Walking Road project (Daejeon)• Eco-friendly building by using recycled aggregate and asphalt (Gyeonggi)• Saemanguem Wetland Park project (Jeolbuk)

9. Bringing green

revolution into daily

life

• Establish GG education & green citizen training• Expand practice of green life, consumption and tourism• Low-carbon & green village projects

• Adopt carbon point system at housing & transportation• "Green Start" campaign• Change LED lightning at public buildings and support for privates• Eco-mileage/drive campaign

• Food Mileage Labeling (Gyeonggi)• Private-leading Energy Independence Village Project (Jeolbuk)

• Change official vehicles to eco-friendly oens(Daejeon)• Green Farming Town project (Gyeongbuk)

10. Becoming a role model as a GG leader

• International co-operations toward global GG, positioning as role model of GG in the world• Support low-income regions/countries to introduce GG

• Establish domestic and international cooperation network• Governance systems incl. citizens, experts, etc.• Greening various international events held in localities• Build a testbed for new and renew energy develop and practice

• Greening convention ceners, solar-light power generation in athletic facilities (Daegu)• Northeast New and Renew Energy Hub project (Jeolbuk)• Saemanguem Int. Carbon Finance Center project (Jeolbuk)• UNESCO's designation of south-west coastal mud flat as a biosphere conservation area (Jeolnam)

• International green venture technology fare (Jeolbuk)

Local Conditions toward GG #1

� Present conditions by Province/Metropolitan : Population & GRP

� High-density Area :

� MCs (Metropolitan Cities) : Seoul Special MC, Busan MC, Daegu MC, Incheon MC, Gwangju MC,Daejeon MC, and Ulsan MC

� Gyeonggi Province : located and highly-populated in the Capital Region (surrounding the Seoul SMC), high- & low-density localities co-exist since this province is the widest

� Regions where per capita Production is relatively larger :

� Highly-populated areas (such as Seoul & the Capital Region) vs Highly-industrialized areas (such as Ulsan, the Province of Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, and Gyeongnam)


� Present Cond. : Production Structure

� Metro Type (Service-centric or service & manufacturing dominant) : Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon

� Industrial Complex Type (Manufacturing-centric or manufacturing & agriculture/fishery dominant) : Ulsan, Gyeonggi, Chungnam/buk, Gyeongnam/buk

� Ecological Sphere Type (Agriculture-centric orAgriculture/Fishery and Service dominant) : Gangwon, Jeju, Jeolnam/buk


� Present Cond. : Energy Consumption

� [Metro] Housing, commercial use in Seoul, Daejeon; industrial, transportational use in Incheon, Busan

� [Ind Complex] Industrial, transportational in Ulsan, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk; transportational in Cungbuk, and Gyeongnam

� [Eco Sphere] Industrial, transportational in Jeolnam;Every kind of energy consumption in Gangwon is relatively higher (because of wide area, etc.)


� Present Cond. : CO2 Emission

� [Metro] Large per capita emission in Busan, Daejeon; above the average in Seoul, Incheon; below the average in Daegu, Gwangju

� [Ind Complex] Large per capita emission in Ulsan; below the average in Gyeonggi, Chungnam/buk, Gyeongnam/buk

� [Eco Sphere] Every province in this type is around or near the average


� Present Cond. : Production of & Investment in New & Renewable Energy

� [Metro] Fast-growing energy production in Daegu, Incheon, Seoul; but small production volume except Incheon (where the needs of energy independence is high because of many ocean areas and islands)

� [Ind Complex] Vigorous production as well as consumption of energy in Ulsan (where the largest industrial complex exists); outstanding production & investment in Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk; investment recently increasing in Chungnam; a little depressed in Gyeongnam

� [Eco Sphere] Production & Investment are all active in every province in this type; the largest production volume but recently investment inactive during 2006-2009 in Jeolnam

Local Policy Actions for GG #1

� Number of Local Actions by Province/Metropolitan (until the end of 2010)

Metrocities/Provinces

Mitigation CC & Improvof Energy Independence

Creation of New Growth Engines

Improv in QOL & Enhance International Standing Total

Seoul 66 24 11 101

Busan 65 61 76 202

Daegu 29 32 56 117

Incheon 19 27 50 96

Gwangju 49 63 64 176

Daejeon 71 36 65 172

Ulsan 32 33 48 113

Gyeonggi 44 44 42 130

Gangwon 26 25 31 82

Chungbuk 30 23 50 103

Chungnam 37 46 47 130

Jeolbuk 63 65 52 180

Jeolnam 49 59 62 170

Gyeongbuk 55 67 61 183

Gyeongnam 78 56 72 206

Jeju 34 25 19 78

Total 747 686 806 2,239


� Actions by the 3 GG Objectives

� [Metro] Actions focusing on mitigating CC & improving EI in Seoul, Daejeon; on creating NGE in Gwangju, on improving QOL & local identity in Busan, Daegu, Incheon

� [Ind Complex] On mitigating CC & improving EI in Gyeongnam; on creating NGE in Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk; on improving QOL & LI in Ulsan, Chungbuk

� [Eco Sphere] On mitigating CC & improv. EI in Jeju; on creating NGE in Jeolnam/buk, balanced actions in Gangwon


� [Metro] Focusing on improving CACC (Capability to Adapt Climate Change) in this type; also on reducing FF (Fossil Fuel) & enhancing EI (Energy Independency) in Busan

� [Ind Complex] On reducing FF & CO2 emission, improving EI in this type; on improving CACC in Chungnam

� [Eco Sphere] On reducing FF & CO2 emission, improving EI in this type; on enhancing CACC in Chungnam

� Obj #1: Mitigating CC & Improving EI(Climate Change) (Energy Independence)


� Obj #2: Creating NGE (New Growth Engine)

� [Metro] Actions focusing on institutional foundation for GE (Green Economy) in Seoul, Busan, Gwangju; on developing GT (Green Tech) in Busan, Daegu, Incheon; on incubating GI (Green Industry) in Daegu, Daejeon

� [Ind Complex] Balanced actions in Chungnam, Gyeongbuk; focus on incubating GI in Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam; on developing GT in Ulsan, Chungbuk

� [Eco Sphere] On incubating GI in Gangwon, Jeolnam, Jeju; on developing GT in Jeolbuk; also on institutional foundation in Gangwon, Jeju


� [Metro] Focusing on GTS (Green Transport System) in this type; Also on GCT (Green Consumption & Tourism) in Incheon

� [Ind Complex] Focusing on GTS in Ulsan, Gyeonggi, Chungnam; on GCT in Chungnam, Gyeongnam/buk; on GN (Green Networking) in Ulsan, Chungbuk, Gyeongbuk

� [Eco Sphere] On GCT in Gangwon, Jeolnam, Jeju; on GN in Jeolnam/buk

� Obj #3: Improving QOL & LI(Quality of Life) (Local Identity)

Summary & Discussion #1

� Policy Conditions & Actions in the Metro Type Regions

Energy Consumption

Per capita CO2

Emission

New & Renewable

Energy Production & Investment

3 Objectives

① Mitigation CC (Climate Change) & Improv of EI (Energy

Indep.)

② Creation of New Growth

Engines

③ Improvin QOL & Enhance

Inter. Standing

Metro

Type

Seoul Large in housing & commercial Large Recently active

investment Focus on ① Improving capability to adapt CC

Institutional GE (Green Econ) Foundation

GHT (Green Homeland &Transport)

Busan Large in industrial & transport Very large Stagnant Focus on ③

Reducing Fos. Fuel & enhancing EIImproving capability to adapt CC

Developing GT (Green Tech)Inst. GE Found.

GHT

Daegu Near or Below Average Small Increasing

investment Focus on ③ Reducing CO2 Emiss. Developing GTIncubating GI GHT

In-cheon

Large in industrial & transport, large use of fossil fuel

LargeLarge

production & investment

Focus on ③ Improving capability to adapt CC Developing GT

GCT (Green Consume & Tourism)

Gwang-ju Relatively large Small Stagnant Focus on ② Improving capability

to adapt CC Inst. GE Found. GHT

Dae-jeon

Large in housing & commercial Very large Stagnant Focus on ① Reducing CO2 Emiss. Incubating GI

(Green Industy) GHT

� In metro cities with vigorous commercial service, e.g. Seoul & Daejeon, policy actions needed as aggressive investment on New & Renew Energy and reduction of CO2 emission

� In cities with large ports, e.g. Busan & Incheon, GT development needed to reduce transport CO2 emission

� In cities with weak industrial bases, e.g. Daegu & Gwangju, low level of CO2 emissions but need to incubate new growth engines (manufacturing industry incubation for Daegu, service incubation for Gwangju)


� Policy Conditions & Actions in the Industrial Complex Type Regions

Energy Consumption

Per capita CO2

Emission

New & Renew Energy Production

& Investment

3Objectives

① Mitigation CC & Improv of Energy Indep.

② Creation of New

Growth Eng

③ Improv in QOL & Local

Identity

Industrial C

om

plex Typ

e

UlsanLarge in industrial & transport

Very largeLargest production as well as consumption

Focus on ③

Reduce Fos. Fuel & enhance EIReducing CO2

Develop GT GCTGN

Gyeong-gi

Different from Cities/Counties Small Near Average Focus on

②

Reducing CO2Reduce Fos. Fuel & enhance EI

Incubating GIGCT (Green Consume & Tourism)

Chung-buk

Large in transport Small Active production &

investmentFocus on

③Reduce Fos. Fuel & enhance EI Develop GT GN (Green

Networking)

Chung-nam

Large in ind. & transport; large use of Fos. Fuel & electricity

Small Investment recently increasing

Focus on ②

Improving capability to adapt CC

Balanced

GHT (Green Homeland &Transport)GCT

Gyeong-buk Small Active production &

investmentFocus on

②Reduce Fos. Fuel & enhance EI Balanced GN

GCT

Gyeong-nam

Large in transport Small A little depressed Focus on

① Reducing CO2 Incubating GI GCT

� In Ulsan with the largest industrial complex & energy production/consumption, actions needed to develop GT and to network corporations and experts toward implementing a cutting-edge industrial ecology

� In provinces with large consumption of energy especially in industry and transportation, e.g. Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, actions needed to develop GT & green industry to innovate industrial and transport systems to reduce energy use and CO2 emission

� Expansion of actions needed to reduce transport CO2 emission in Chungbuk and Gyeongnam; Also in Gyeongnam strongly needed to increase investment in New & Renewable energy


� Policy Conditions & Actions in the Eco Sphere Type Regions

Energy Consumption

Per capita CO2

Emission

New & Renewable

Energy Production & Investment

3Objectives

① Mitigation CC & Improv of Energy Indep.

② Creation of New Growth

Engines

③ Improv in QOL &

Enhance Inter. Standing

Ecolo

gical Sp

here Type

Gang-won

Relatively large (wide area, etc.)

Near Average

Active production & investment

Balanced Reducing CO2 Incubating GIInst. GE Found.

GCT (Green Consume & Tourism)

Jeol-buk

large use of electricity

Near Average

Active prod. & investment Focus on ② Reducing CO2 Develop GT GN (Green

Networking)

Jeol-nam

Large in ind. & transport; large use of Fos. Fuel & electricity

Near Average

Largest prod. nol. but lagged investment recently

Focus on ②

Reduce Fos. Fuel & enhance EIImprove capability to adapt CC

Incubating GI GCTGN

Jeju SmallNear or Above Average

Active prod. & investment Focus on ① Reduce Fos. Fuel

& enhance EIIncubating GIInst. GE Found. GCT

� Although in most of the provinces of this type with relatively-large consumption of energy, it looks desirable to act toward keeping low levels of per capita CO2 emission with vigorous production of and investment in New & Renew energy, as well as promoting sustainability with high-value creation by green tourism

� Actions focusing on creating new growth engines by incubating green industry in Gangwon, Jeolnam, Jeju; on strengthening core competency with aggressive RnD and networking in high-tech industry in Jeolbuk

Conclusion� Local policy actions for green growth are being differentiated reflecting local

identity and characteristics, although some actions related to high-tech and cutting-edge business still seem to be far from reaching those goals.

� Various examples of locally-specific policy actions following the national GG plan, but many of local actions planned still focusing on developing technology and incubating industries

� Need to adopt more local actions to enlarge ecological restoration & biotope conservation, green buildings and new transport systems, which are sometimes more cost-effective and easy to reach the goal of sustainability

� Need to adopt more local actions to manage energy demand and facilitate incentive/support systems in parellel with active investment in New & Renewable Energy

� Various green tech RnD and business incubation actions related to the “Leading Industry Promotion” project (by MKE) in almost of the Province/Metropolitan

� Need to adopt a long-range view of policy resoluteness, to sustain continuous supports toward outcome creation in the remote future

� This study provides a recent trend of local policy actions for green growth in Korea with summarizing the Local Action Plans by the 16 Prov/Metro Gov’nt

� Next steps in 2012 to be performed based on more up-to-date and detailed planning & performance information so as to provide further analytical findings and practical suggestions.

Thanks for Attention

2012 ICLEI Global Forum on Sustainable Development

“Successful Cases and A Search for the Future Strategy toward SD”

Welcome questions and suggestions on this presentation.

Email. [email protected]

Phone. +82-2-3488-7375

Mobile. +82-10-4310-8928

Documents

원고(12 04-10)-regional greengrowth(iclei-전대욱)