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1
National Indicators for the Israeli Water Sector
National Indicators for the Israeli Water Sector
WORKSHOP - 10-11.12.07
SWITCH PROJECT
Miki ZaideWater Commission, Planning Division
2
Outline
•• Israeli Water Sector (IWS)Israeli Water Sector (IWS)-- backgroundbackground
•• Indicators in the IWS Indicators in the IWS -- backgroundbackground
•• Indicators for sustainable development Indicators for sustainable development ––report on a work in progressreport on a work in progress
3
The Extent of Water Shortage
4
The Extent of Water Shortage
200 m200 m33/y/capita /y/capita –– 40% of 40% of ““Shortage Red Shortage Red LineLine”” of UNof UN
2025 2025 –– Domestic and Municipal needs Domestic and Municipal needs onlyonly
Complicated OperationComplicated Operation
5
Map of Aquifers in Israel
Total annual potential production (average) –
1,555 MCM
Kinneret basins650
Eastern basins130
Negev Basin
Arava Basin
Western Galilee Aquifer - 110
Carmel Aquifer - 25
The Coastal Aquifer - 250Mountain
Aquifer - 320
70
6
Main Water Supply System
108” Pipeline
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
+50
+100
+150
+200
HaifaNetofa
Tel Aviv
Sea ofGalilee
S N
7
2000 2000 ““Walking on the EdgeWalking on the Edge””
2000 2000 ““Sustainable ApproachSustainable Approach””
Policy – Water Sector’s Management and Development
8
40100
140
270315
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
Development of Sea Water Desalination Plants
)30(
)100(
(30)
(45)
(110)
)50(Hadera
Palmachim
Ashdod
Ashkelon
Shomrat
Import
B.O.O
B.O.T
B.O.T
Turnkey
B.O.O
9
Sustainability in the IWS
%of Natural Resources
TotalMCM/Y
Sewage Effluents
MCM/Y
DesalinationMCM/Y
YearMCM/Y
18%28028002000
30%4603401202005
56%8755103652010
10
INA – Israeli National Authority
The Solution:
Establishment of Governmental Water Authority
• Management of the whole “Water Chain”.
• Gathering of all regulatory bodies under one roof.
• Transfer of management authorities from Ministers to professional Water Board.
11
Sustainability in Water Sector
Natural ResourcesQuantity, Quality
Rivers, Floods, Springs, Aquifers
WATER RESOURCES
WATER DEMAND
Manufactured ResourcesNew Water Resources
Treated Wastewater
Efficient Use
Essential needs and Quality of LifeDomestic
Municipal
Industry
Public RequirementsNational InterestsAgriculture (Open Lands, Congestion of Population, Guarding of Borders, Keeping National Lands)
Nature Purposes
Peace Process
12
Indicators in the Israeli Water Sector (IWS) - Why?
• No data available = there is no management !
• Till now: general reports for each theme.examples:- Hydrological Service Annual report - Demand management annual report- Mekorot’s monthly supply reportThere is no systematic comprehensive analysis
• Is the IWS policy is more sustainable than last year. In what aspects ?
13
Indicators - Objectives
1. Analyze (time, spatial) all aspects of watermanagement in the IWS
2. Assess different policies and national planning aspects changing regarding to indicators that have been chosen.
3. To create a management tool.
4. To be in line with international resolutions concerning sustainability
14
Indicators in Israel- Review
• Prof. Eran Faitelson’s work ~ 16 Indicators
• Sea of Galilee – quality indicator
• The Central Bureau of Statistics – buildingnational database & “executive reports” (economic and financial)
• Plan Blue – MCSD National Report
• General reports specific for each theme
15
Indicators for Sustainable development in the IWS - TOR approach
Indicator 1 Indicator 2
Sub ThemeIndex
Theme Index
IWSNational Index
Indicator n
Sub ThemeIndex
16
Sustainable Indicators in IsraelTOR approach - Example
Indicator 1 Indicator 2
Water QualityWater Quantity
Water Sources
IWSNational Index
Indicator n
Water SupplySystem
17
Indicators - Key Questions
• Should the chosen indicators reflect the current objectives of the WC ?
• Are indicators constant in time ?
• Should we include indicators that are not monitored nowadays?
• In what way should we group the indicators ?
• What are the boundaries of the Water Sector ?
• Importing all water needs – Is it sustainable ?
19
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
R[Chl]
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
R[PP]
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
R[%
Cyano
]
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
R[FColi]
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
R[B
OD]
0
50
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Chl, μg L-1
`
0.0
1.5
3.0
4.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
PP, g
C m
-2 d
-1
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
%Cyano
, %
`
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BOD
5, mg O
2 L-1
0
400
800
1200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Fcoli
Fig. 2. Seasonal dynamics of the ecological (right panels) and rating (leftpanel) values of WQIs in 2004
20
Summer-Fall7-Jul, 8-Aug, 9-Sep, 10-Oct, 11-Nov, 12-Dec0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Winter-Spring1-Jan, 2-Feb, 3-Mar, 4-Apr, 5-May, 6-Jun0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Chloride,mg L-1
Total suspendedsolids, mg L-1
Turbidity,NTU
Total phosphorus,µg L-1
Total nitrogen,mg L-1
Chlorophyll,µg L-1
Primary production,gC m-2 d-1
Cyanobacteria,% of total
Fecal coliforms,No L-1
Water QualityRating
AcceptableAcceptable0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
85 107 130 152 175 198 220 243 265 288 310
0 0.8 2.7 4.6 6.4 8.3 10.1 12.0 13.9
0.0 0.4 1.4 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.3 6.3 7.2 8.2
3 5 8 11 17 25 37 55 81 120
1 2 5 8 13 22 38 63 106 1793
0 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
0 1 7 13 19 25
0 50 100 150 200 250AcceptableAcceptable
0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 0
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5
84 107 130 153 176 199 222 245 268 291 314
0 0.3 1.4 2.6 3.7 4.9 6.0 7.2 8.4
0.0 0.1 0.8 1.5 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.3 5.0 5.8
0.6 1.1 1.9 3.3 10.2 18.0 31.7 55.7
0.0 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5
0 6 13 20 27 34
0 16 60 103 146 190
1 2 3 4 6 10 17 27 44 72 116
Water Quality in Lake Kinneret: 2004
10th-90th ( ) & 25th-75th ( ) percentiles of values during 1969-1992
23
4
56 1
2
0.30.2 5.8
7
1 2 345 6 7
1 2 3456 7
1 2 3456 7
1 2 34567
1 23 45
6 78
1 2 3 456
1234
123456 78
89
8 9
8 9
8 9
8 9
910
910
910
10
10
10
10
10
8 7
1112
1112
1112
11
12
11 12
11 12
1112
5 6 7 8 9 101112
1112
Fig. 1. Water Quality in Lake Kinneret in 2004
Summer-Fall7-Jul, 8-Aug, 9-Sep, 10-Oct, 11-Nov, 12-Dec0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Winter-Spring1-Jan, 2-Feb, 3-Mar, 4-Apr, 5-May, 6-Jun0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Chloride,mg L-1
Total suspendedsolids, mg L-1
Turbidity,NTU
Total phosphorus,µg L-1
Total nitrogen,mg L-1
Chlorophyll,µg L-1
Primary production,gC m-2 d-1
Cyanobacteria,% of total
Fecal coliforms,No L-1
Water QualityRating
AcceptableAcceptable0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
85 107 130 152 175 198 220 243 265 288 310
0 0.8 2.7 4.6 6.4 8.3 10.1 12.0 13.9
0.0 0.4 1.4 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.3 6.3 7.2 8.2
3 5 8 11 17 25 37 55 81 120
1 2 5 8 13 22 38 63 106 1793
0 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
0 1 7 13 19 25
0 50 100 150 200 250AcceptableAcceptable
0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 0
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5
84 107 130 153 176 199 222 245 268 291 314
0 0.3 1.4 2.6 3.7 4.9 6.0 7.2 8.4
0.0 0.1 0.8 1.5 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.3 5.0 5.8
0.6 1.1 1.9 3.3 10.2 18.0 31.7 55.7
0.0 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5
0 6 13 20 27 34
0 16 60 103 146 190
1 2 3 4 6 10 17 27 44 72 116
Water Quality in Lake Kinneret: 2004
10th-90th ( ) & 25th-75th ( ) percentiles of values during 1969-1992
23
4
56 1
2
0.30.2 5.8
7
1 2 345 6 7
1 2 3456 7
1 2 3456 7
1 2 34567
1 23 45
6 78
1 2 3 456
1234
123456 78
89
8 9
8 9
8 9
8 9
910
910
910
10
10
10
10
10
8 7
1112
1112
1112
11
12
11 12
11 12
1112
5 6 7 8 9 101112
1112
Summer-Fall7-Jul, 8-Aug, 9-Sep, 10-Oct, 11-Nov, 12-Dec0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Winter-Spring1-Jan, 2-Feb, 3-Mar, 4-Apr, 5-May, 6-Jun0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Chloride,mg L-1
Total suspendedsolids, mg L-1
Turbidity,NTU
Total phosphorus,µg L-1
Total nitrogen,mg L-1
Chlorophyll,µg L-1
Primary production,gC m-2 d-1
Cyanobacteria,% of total
Fecal coliforms,No L-1
Water QualityRating
AcceptableAcceptable0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
85 107 130 152 175 198 220 243 265 288 310
0 0.8 2.7 4.6 6.4 8.3 10.1 12.0 13.9
0.0 0.4 1.4 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.3 6.3 7.2 8.2
3 5 8 11 17 25 37 55 81 120
1 2 5 8 13 22 38 63 106 1793
0 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
0 1 7 13 19 25
0 50 100 150 200 250AcceptableAcceptable
0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 0
AcceptableAcceptableAcceptableAcceptable0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 0
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5
84 107 130 153 176 199 222 245 268 291 314
0 0.3 1.4 2.6 3.7 4.9 6.0 7.2 8.4
0.0 0.1 0.8 1.5 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.3 5.0 5.8
0.6 1.1 1.9 3.3 10.2 18.0 31.7 55.7
0.0 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5
0 6 13 20 27 34
0 16 60 103 146 190
1 2 3 4 6 10 17 27 44 72 116
Water Quality in Lake Kinneret: 2004
10th-90th ( ) & 25th-75th ( ) percentiles of values during 1969-199210th-90th ( ) & 25th-75th ( ) percentiles of values during 1969-1992
2233
44
5566 11
2
0.30.2 5.8
77
11 22 334455 66 77
11 22 33445566 77
11 22 33445566 77
11 22 3344556677
11 2233 4455
66 7788
11 22 33 445566
11223344
112233445566 7788
8899
88 99
88 99
88 99
88 99
991010
991010
991010
1010
1010
1010
1010
1010
88 77
11111212
11111212
11111212
1111
1212
1111 1212
1111 1212
11111212
55 66 77 88 99 101011111212
11111212
Fig. 1. Water Quality in Lake Kinneret in 2004
21
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CW
QI
Fig. 3. Seasonal dynamics of CWQI in Lake Kinneret in 2004
22
0
20
40
60
80
100
WS SA WS SA WS SA WS SA WS SA WS SA
1992 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
CW
QI
Fig. 5. Semiannaul dynamics of CWQI in 1992 and in 2000-2004. WS – Winter-Summer;SA – Summer-Autumn