71
12

126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

� � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � �

�������������! "�"#"$�%&� ��"'�(

)�* +�,-/.

12 0

Page 2: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

1

Page 3: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

������������� �������

1996 � 4 � 1 ������� ��!#"%$�&�')(#*#+ 5 ��,�-/.102$ 1260

�3�346587�9�:�;�</= �>��? �A@�BC0�D�EF9�GH�I�J ��K�L 1260 � L����? �3M��3N�OP�Q D�E�93GK�LR���������� ������L3S�T/U�V8�CW�X�Y </=Z�3[�E]\ Q 9 ����?�^ \_$ 8BU�V8�

W#X3YL�`�a1Wcb �Ad�ef0�g/h L3SFT%^ \ L νe i�j�k al�>LRm%nloqp 0ADΦ(νe)/ΦBP98(

8B) ≤ 1.75%(90%CL)

≤ 1.77%(95%CL)

��r�gsGH�I/J L�t�u�� $R&�'6(s* LRv��wW�XR� k W $

Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(8B) < 3.5%(95%CL) [10]

�yx%zF7Z9�{ o *�|>9�GK#L�t�u�� $ U�V�}W8X�Y�~��)� j��R��� *�|������>� ������W ���>�s����$νe → (RSFP ) → νµ → (Oscilation) → νe

p E��Rg3�%� ~���� \ Q 9�� UFV/�CWlX3YL���� �A� 9 m *����Z*�|�9#G(sg3$��Z�3� µ ���l9���  L�¡%¢£ ��¤/¥�¦ ^ \¨§©>7F9Aª%« � M ¢ $ spallation prod-

ucts ���R9l¬ v]� W ��$#­�®�¯3°/± �A[FED#²�B�³l�8g pKl´ $ �����Z�Z�y >��A��Lµ�¶�· bF¸�� ¬ v�� Wº¹ { MeV »¼Z* � $�½ k a/¾ j�¿ �]À¨L + 80% Á m%~)K�L�Â�à ��s9>³ L *�|�9 p EÅÄ_Æ ~#Ç�^ �Rg#GK8L ½ k a�¾ j�¿ ��À ��Èq03ÉfʨÆ6�F���#Dl$ SFT%^ \ L νe

L�m�n8o �s��E%D P \3�Ë 0�EΦ(νe)/ΦBP98(

8B) ≤ 0.95%(90%CL)

p E�Ä t%u �Ar)g#G

Page 4: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

1

�1 � � 6

1.1 ��� SFT � �/b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.2U�V� W�X�Y��

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.2.1 � � �� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.2.2 MSW � u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.3 Resonant Spin Flavor Precession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.4U�V� W�X�Y ���F� ���>�]W L/m�n8o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.5SFT%^ \ L νe i�j�k a8�>LRm�n8o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.6 Resonant Spin Flavor Precession ��[FE%g S�T�U>V/�qW�X�Y����ZL���� . . 14

1.7 H���� L�� ¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

�2 � ��� �!�#"%$�&�' 15

2.1U�V� W�X�Y)(+*

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.2�>�8�Z� �� ����� ,%-#.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.3 /0 �1+2�3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.4���>?#4�576s�98:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.4.1¶<; a1W>=#U�al�

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.4.2 � j ¬ �?6s��8�: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.5 @���A�B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

�3 � CDFE#G�H���IKJ�L 21

3.1 PMT M�N X#O ; ��6FPl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.1.1 Q%¬ � M�N X�O ; ��67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.1.2? ¬ �%�¾ M�N X#O ; ��6FP�� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.2 � LSR�Â9T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.2.1 U8¬ ; �WV�� ���9WX�Y�Z�e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.2.2 ���#� µ �F�9#Z/e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.3 LINAC¶�· b�¸/� M�N X[O ; ��67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.4 Ni-Cf¶�· bF¸�� MN X#O ; ��6FP8� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.5 DT¶�· b�¸/� M�N X[O ; ��67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.6 �)�#� µL�\9] 0 � ��[�E�g ¶�· b�¸R� M�N X�O ; ��6^Pl� . . . . . . . . 31

3.7 Trigger efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Page 5: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

2

�4 � ��������� 35

4.1 ¬ v]��W�� ; a 67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.1.1 ½ ��8 k a���L N/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.1.2 � � L N/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.1.3X��8b ? ¬ : ¬ v�� W�� ; a�67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.1.4 First Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.1.5 Spallation cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.1.6 Second Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.1.7 Final Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.1.8 Reduction summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.2 ��� ����?��Å���#b�L ¶�· b�¸/�R�/`)afW b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.3 Detector simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.3.1 B8UFVs� WlX3Y i�jZk a�� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.3.2 νe + p → e+ + n crossection and cos θ distribution . . . . . . . . . 46

4.3.3 Expected�/`�a1W b

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.4SFT%^ \ L?( 0 � U�V�}W8X�Y i�j�k a8��L/m�n8o . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.5 ­�®�¯ ��� ; �67Pl� ¬ v]��W L ²%Bw� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4.6   � ����� ¬ v6�]W ��[>E�gl½ k a%¾ j>¿ �]À����L� "!8� . . . . . . . . 60

�5 � #%$ 64

& � J�' 65

Page 6: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

3

� �

1.1 pp-chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.2 solar neutrino spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.3 Production point distribution as a function of the solar radius . . . . . . . 9

1.4 CNO-cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.1�>�8�Z� �� ����� ,%-#.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.2 PMT ���%�F7�9 �+8]� ; � N���� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.3 20 ¬ ��� ( X 50cm)PMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.4���>?#4�576s�98:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.5 @���A�B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.1 /��^M�N X#O ; ��6FP8��L � k W � k � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.2 /�� L �>~ � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.3 /�� L �>~ � L h�,���� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.4 TQ� k � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.5 20 ¬ ��� PMTL h�, Ç < ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.6 � LSR�Â9T Z%e L � k W � k � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.7 ��� 420nm ������9���� p /�� L�� { . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.8 ����� L ��� ��! Ç#" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.9 � LSR�Â9T L h%, � � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.10 LINACL%$ � &('*) Q,+lQ L.- /�� 0 � L%0 «�1��3210�D�E�9 . . . . . . 27

3.11 LINACL

endcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.12 LINACL ½ � 8 k a%4sÇ�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.13 LINAC energy scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.14 LINAC position dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.15 Ni-Cf M�N X[O ; �67Pl�#L � k W�� k � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.16 DT generator data taking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.17 5�66¯87 DT M�N X�O ; ��6FP8�8L�4�`�a1Wcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.18 DT M�N X�O ; ��6FP8�3^ \ L ¶�· b�¸/��4�9>�lb�L%: B ��! � . . . . . . 32

3.19 DT M�N X�O ; ��6FP8�3^ \ L ¶�· b�¸/��4�9>�lb�L%; < ��! � . . . . . . 32

3.20 LE triggerL

efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.21 SLEWlX>=%�

-260mV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3.22 SLEWlX>=%�

-250mV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3.23 SLEWlX>=%�

-222mV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Page 7: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

4

3.24 SLEWlX>=%�

-212mV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.1 goodnessÇ "

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.2 Qres

L6 � L »%¼�������9 DL

Ç#". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.3 The distribution of the likelyhood for DL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.4 The distribution of the likelyhood for DT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.5 Distribution of Qres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.6 Qres

Llikelyhood function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.7 SK 1260days cos θsun distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.8 ��� ����?��Å���#b�L ¶�· b�¸/� 4/`)afW b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.9 8BU�V�CWlX�Y i%jZk a%4�L ��� o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

4.10 crossection & cos θÇ#"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.11 0th order output positron energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.12 1st order output positron energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.13 �Z P3Q 9��Z 4/`)afW b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.14 Expected4�`�a1Wcb

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.15SFT%^ \ L νe i�j�k a�4>LRm�n8o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.16 Fitting for final sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4.17 Fitting for MC sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4.18 �1³ Ë 0�E m%n#o�L ¶�· bZ¸���� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4.19µ�¶�· bF¸�� ¬ v]��W3p ���8� µ

p3L h�,�È Ç�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4.204�� ; ��6FP8� ¬ v��]W_L�� � p ¶�· bZ¸�%L 4 � . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

4.21 ��� ����?��Å���#b   L 4 � ; �67Pl� ¬ v]��W L�� � (DT≤100sec) . . . 55

4.22 DL �� n ��� � 7�E8��� L µ�¶%· b�¸�� ¬ v���W3p ���8� µp3L h�,�ÈÇ#"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

4.23 SK?��lalL��Z^ \ 5m Á� L ¬ v ��W �A[>E�g µ�¶%· b�¸R� ¬ v � W�p �

�8� µp3L h%,�È Ç�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.24 SK?��lalL  �� ^ \ ��^ \ 5m (#* L ¬ v6�]W ��[�E�g µ>¶%· bF¸R� ¬ v��W3p ���8� µ

p3L h%,�È Ç�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.25µ�¶�· bF¸�� ¬ v]��W3p ¬ v��]W_L È . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.26 � run �R��E%D L ���3� µL h�,#È Ç�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.27¶�· b�¸R��L�� E����R9����8� µ

p µ>¶�· b�¸R� ¬ v�� W L h�,�È Ç�" 1 . 59

4.28¶�· b�¸R��L�� E����R9����8� µ

p µ>¶�· b�¸R� ¬ v�� W L h�,�È Ç�" 2 . 59

4.29¶�· b�¸R��L�� E����R9����8� µ

p µ>¶�· b�¸R� ¬ v�� W L h�,�È Ç�" 3 . 59

4.30 ��� ����?��Å���#b   L 4 � ; �67Pl� ¬ v]��W L�� � (DT≤50sec) . . . 60

4.31 2.2MeVγL � �#8�Rb�=�6��sV ; ��6FP8��L�Ç#" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

4.32WRX�=>��6)�lV ; � 67Pl� ��� 08g�� L 2.2MeVγ

L � �[8F/b =�6)�lV; ��6FP��8L�Ç ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Page 8: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

5

� �

1.1 ������������ �������� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.1 Summary of spallation products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.2 Reduction summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Page 9: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

6

�1 �

1960 ������� R.Davis ��� �������������������� ��! P3Q ��"$#&% 30 �(' [1] )�*+�,.- �/��0�1.2�"3#54�! P�Q�6 �7�8������� �:9.;�<8=�>�/?A@B��! P�Q:C �7�8������ ��D��7EF#G"�IHKJ�L �MLONP�:�����8��� �I�AQSRKT�U.V P�Q ��L�J�L W(X �IYZ�[]\6�C�^ )8_$` a �:��0�1�2 �S��b�)�c(dM�A��!�e 6 �7���f����� �S��b�"$#&g(hSJ�i j��J P�Q �Fk C WldM"ldB)8ghAJ��:��0�1�2K[�m:L��K@�X ��QSR �SU�V�T�n(o�p�".J�": C W` C )�qsr��t��A A� u/v P�Q�C �����f�S��� �wLlNyx�� ��z.{|@G}(�~O`��:�.L 6 W ,- ����0�1�2K7�w�/��)��.x�� � ;�� �I��DT�����d�) z�� �8�7�8������� T����[t� C� )�����0��7�:�$�M@ �.����� ��@B��� ��dwJ�L8WdI"ld8XI�3#ITI���FI�3��L �7a7� 6� ��.� ��dI��� 0 ���.L��@P�� |d�J�L ��a:�� ���).¡8zO 0 a:� 6 �MLsN5¢�£�n�¤�T¥ #G�:��L.J�L�W¦A§ ) 1998 � The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration 7�� I�A)8¨��/�7�A�©�S�I�.9.;�<=�>���ª�«��.¬�­.®/"$# νµ �����A�©���I�]¯�°O[M±sX�dM�.L 6 )8²�`F?³H�J|´ � @ 1 ² ����A�3�S�I�AA²�L8���������Sµ/¶���a�� 6G· [2] ��¸�¹$�t�A)t�.�/I¨$k�J�º|»A[]¼ ^�C�.TS½�¾(�¿�dtL�WS�:�����8�����I��8²�L��F@�À�gF�) ���7Á ��Â�Ã��/"l#y¸.Ä7e 6 νe�A���[t�$ÅI)�c��8�/���f�����]¯:°(��� �� νe � νx �Æ�Ç�e 6 � I��!3�t� 6 ���8��S��� �S�7�8�$��L � @�i.Èl#B� 6 � ) É�@I�����©� �I� �S���70:���:�$�B[w� ���LC�Ê �.).�:��ËSa:T Ì:L�� Ê � 4.Ís�I� 6 �:Î�Ï � νeL � Ð Ï � νeR �Æ�Ç©dP)���!OÑtÒJ.L �ILlN]0.1.2@�i�Ès#P� 6 WÓ�Ô�Õ a�T�)��.���©���I���S���70��.�:�O�Ö[M�7² Ê �Kt)w�:��"l#³×.Ò.e 6 � ��Ø����A��S��� � Ù������������������Æ�Ç7e 6tÚ�Û ®$[t\Ü?Ý)/>�� q���ÞFßtà�Þ(��1 1260 á �1:�7â �Bã�ä�e 6M· /�(?³Ù����K�7���f� �I� �:9�;�<8=A>��.ª�¶A�K�²:L.��i j/e 6 W1.1 åçæéèëêçìîíðï_©á�)��/���8Â�Ù�ñ(/� �� ò.ó('�ô�¨/J�õ�ö 2K÷��:[t¸�Ä|�wø7�.L 6I· TSùú´üûú#P���L 6 W�ý7þ�ÿ��l���dPò7ó �����$[���².���/T8)���)��� F��7�$[����©dt�:õ�ö�2÷.��[I¸7e 6���� ��3? )Fc � 98.5% `8a:T pp-chain(proton-proton chain) ���:�8� 6Ù.ñF��� ���õ:öA2(÷���[M¸�e 6 WX � pp-chain �Iz��FT���« �K�:NtJ��Ka��|��� 6 W

4p → α + 2e+ + 2νe

X:X�a 2e+ T���Z�� � �G¬� "!�d���% 1MeV ��õ�ö�2÷:��[�¸�Ä©��ø�)�z�� ��d���%27MeV �8õ:ö�2(÷���[$#�².W ¦8§ )3X �SÂ.à ��Ù�ñ$��� �� 2 ² ���������A��� � ¸�Äe 6 ��)&% 1.1 ('/e$�:N�S)�¨F` "� pp-I,pp-II,pp-III � 3 â*) � (+/".� 6 W

Page 10: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�1 � � 7

(1)p+p → D+e++νe

99.75%

(2)p+e-+p → D+νe

0.25%

(3)D+p → 3He+γ

(4)3He+3He →4He+2p

86%(5)3He+4He →

7Be+γ

13.8%(6) 3He+p →

4He+e++νe

∼ 0.00002%

(7) 7Be+e- →7Li+νe+(+γ)

13.78%

(8) 7Be+p →8B+γ

0.02%

(9) 7Li+p →4He+4He (10)

8B → 8Be*+e++νe4He+4He

4 He + 2νpppp-I

4 He + νpp + νBe

pp-II

4 He + νpp + νB

pp-III

4 He + νpp + νhep

% 1.1: pp-chain

Page 11: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�1 � � 8

` C )sX � pp-chain ������ÿ�"s#�¸�Ä d C ��"�/�. S� )�������� ��� ��õ:ö�2K÷.���:« ���7NwJ��/L [3] �:� 6 Wp + p →2 H + e+ + νe : Eνe < 0.423MeV

p + e− + p →2 H + νe : Eνe = 1.445MeV

7Be + e− →7 Li + νe : Eνe = 0.863MeV (89.7%)

: Eνe = 0.386MeV (10.3%)

8B →8 Be ∗ +e+ + νe : Eνe <∼ 16.5MeV

3He + p →4 He + e+ + νe : Eνe < 18.78MeV

X � pp-chain "s#�¸.Äfd C ����� �A���A��)����O��fd C�Ê ��4�Í3��� 6 > �F=�ü2F[ 'fd C �8� % 1.2 a7� 6 W.>7��qK��ÞFßMà7Þ���1 ( ��« SK) ��õ�öA2(÷����A�l[�i� ���� 6 �P)���! Ú/Û J���T 8B �/���f�S��� � hep �������A���Aa7� 6 W

% 1.2: solar neutrino spectrum

` C )��7�8���A�I� �S¸�Ä�D��P�:� �I�������� ��[$'fd C �8��% 1.3 a�� 6 W�(?��L��.�(T���?����7a�)(cFdM���KL����(T��(?MÁ��F��/L! "�a8Ù�ñ$[M±|X�e · �*+�" 6 W¦�§ )�õ:ö�2K÷.��Ä�# �%$Ü? 1.5% T CNO cycle (carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle) ���� � 6 Ù�ñK�J: ���L 6 W(X ��Ù�ñO[ ' d C �8� % 1.4 a7� 6 W(X ��%�[I¹7�*+7" 6 �:N ) C,N,O � ¦�& e 6$��� ��Á a p [� �' d�)/�/���©� ����[M¸�Ä3��ø 6I· ��+/" 6 WX �SÙ�ñ(/�. S�A¸.Ä/e 6 �/���©� ��� �8õ:ö82(÷���T*��« �%(Ü? [3] a�� 6 W13N + p →13 C + e+ + νe : Eνe < 1.198MeV

15O + p →15 N + e+ + νe : Eνe < 1.732MeV

17F →17 O + e+ + νe : Eνe < 1.736MeV

Page 12: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�1 � � 9

% 1.3: Production point distribution as a function of the solar radius

p+12C→13N+γ

13N→13C+e++νe

p+13C→14N+γ

p+14N→15O+γ

15O→15N+e++νe

p+15N→12C+α p+15N→16O+γ

p+16O→17F+γ

17F→17O+e++νe

p+17O→14N+α

∼4×10-4

�1.4: CNO-cycle

Page 13: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�1 � � 10

dw"$dG)$X � CNO �"):=�2K7�� �� ¸�Äfd C �/���©� �I��TS):>��AqK��Þßwà�ÞF�w1 �õ�ö82(÷��!�8�|�/?A@�«�a�� 6 � I��!7e 6M· ��Ñ�Ò�J�L�W1.2 � ���

����� �

1998 ��) The Super-Kamiokande collaboration ��¨��7���A�©���I�M�.!K7� I� νµ →ντ (νx) ¯�°�)��(oA)��7���f� �I� ��µ�¶S���7�8¸�¹3�t� C W�ÀSg νe, νµ @M���l[]��² �i�Èl#]��)Kc�� Ê � νe ↔ νµ(ντ ) ) νe ↔ νµ(ντ ) ¯�°/� ±$k 6 W1.2.1 ������X�X�a �.� ����µ����l[ ν1,ν2 �I��´ �&)����FÁ�a �79��t� �K� ����� ��T��:« ���/N���e$X �M��Ñ�Ò 6 W

(

νe

νµ

)

=

(

cosθ sinθ

−sinθ cosθ

)(

ν1

ν2

)

≡ U

(

νe

νµ

)

X.X�a�) θ T!���Á8a � ��� �a:� 6 W` C ) νe,νµ T!���FÁ�[ ��Z�x�� ��dI�#"�$:e 6 � )���� ����µ����KTS)(

ν1(t)

ν2(t)

)

=

(

e−iE1t 0

0 e−iE2t

)(

ν1(0)

ν2(0)

)

Xt�|#w"s#&) νe → νµ % ��¯:° �!&�'KTA)P (νe → νµ) = sin22θ · sin2

(

1.27∆m2L

E

)

� ��eFX �]�/ÑtÒ 6 W(X�XIa E T8�7���f����� ��õ�ö�2/÷��A) L T�(.' t ����8��� �I��!) 6 "�)(cFdM� ∆m2 T�) ν1 � ν2 �����+* �-,�.�a7� 6 W1.2.2 MSW /10���I�l���w��TI)32���Á8-4�L8�6587�9SJ8���I�l���w�B¯�°�[G±OX]e8WSXG�.T νe � W+( :

�:Þ;���(� ) � Z0( ÁM®�Þ;���K� ) [=<?>sd���� ��@ �A�I�3�t�w�BA?CF[�±OX]e���G¬sdÖ) νµ(τ )T Z0 �?D�[E<F>�e 6 � �)E2.�(ÁAa-GIH 6-J+K �-L?MG2�N* (Ve =√

2GF Ne, GF : 9!Ow2ßPn��� .D , Ne : ��� ��D ��� ) ��� 6 "3#Ma7� 6 WlXw��#P2��Á��RQ�¤$[ �7� C "�$ §� �FTA)���« �K�:N��J 6 Wid

dt

(

νe

νµ

)

= H

(

νe

νµ

)

X.X�a#SsßG2 � �8T��AT H ' E + 12E (M2 + 2EV ) a7� 6 W�` C ) J�K � L+M�2 V TS)A¬

�# + �-5�(�Us[V*fd-W.L��V =

(

Ve 0

0 0

)

Page 14: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�1 � � 11

M2 TS)M2 = U

(

m21 0

0 m22

)

U−1

� �:eKX �B�:ÑMÒ 6 W���#] A = 2EVe = 2√

2GF NeE �=4�L � ) H "$# E [ *�d Wl´ �y)2EH =

1

2(M2

1 + M22 + A)

(

1 0

0 1

)

+1

2

(

A − ∆m2cos2θ ∆m2sin2θ

∆m2sin2θ −A + ∆m2cos2θ

)

�wJ 6 W$Xt�|#w"$# "�$ § � �FT���« ���/Nt ��� Ç$��� 6 Wid

dt

(

νe

νµ

)

= 2π

(

1Le

− cos2θLv

sin2θ2Lv

sin2θ2Lv

0

)(

νe

νµ

)

Lv :4πE

∆m2

Le :4πE

A=

√2π

GF Ne(t)

X.X�a�2��FÁ � � � ����� ¦ � Ê � (A = �D ) ) νe → νµ �I¯:°�&�'KTP (νe → νµ) = sin2(2θm)sin2(

πL

Lm)

�wJ 6 W$X.X�a�)Lm = Lv

[

sin2(2θ) +

(

Lv

Le− cos2θ

)2]

−1

2

sin2(2θm) = sin2(2θ)

[

sin2(2θ) +

(

Lv

Le− cos2θ

)2]

−1

5 7����(T Lv = Le cos 2θ � Ê �F�¸.Ä©dB)���¨ ��¯:°O[w±3X�eSW�.ª���?ü)�¯�° �t¨$k�� θm T�� � �ID�� � (Ne) ����O[� �w)(� 1.1 ���:NtIÆ.Ç�e 6 W

N resonancee =

∆m2

2√

2GF Ecos(2θ)

Ne 0 � N resonancee � ∞

θm θ � π/4 � π/2

� 1.1: ��������� ��� �� ��� �

X � Q.¤�TIu/vd C 3 � ����� ��� Õ�� "l# MSW (Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein) Q¤ [4] � �:��� 6 W

Page 15: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�1 � � 12

1.3 Resonant Spin Flavor Precession

@:dM���8�f�S������>��.��[MÙ � �wø 6 �/N]JA�.�70:������B[w�7² Ê ��)S� Ê ������� m(/�� S���7���f� �I� ��� � L K�� � Î�Ï kS"$#�Ð Ï k��Æl��� ¥ 6 Wid

dt

(

νL

νR

)

=

(

0 µB

µB 0

)(

νL

νR

)

X ��T�)�1 � T.T Cisneros [5] �� ��Au�l����) Okun,Voloshin, Vysotskii [6] �� ���������A�|�A�I� Q�R(I¬�e 6 U���dM�Au�l�t� C W�` C ) νL �:Át®/Þ � ��&7� 6!J�K� L�Mw2 ��� �O[� � 6 ���¬|dw�A) νR T� ��J�L�W�c � � )!2��(ÁAa7T�� ��d C MSW

Q�¤����/Nt�������������� � 6!J�K ��LFMI2��R*(��/?Ý)#5 7 9�IÐ Ï ��������������Æ�Ç7e 6 WlX�� νe � � 6�J�K �#L M�27T*�7«�����N���l��� 6 )Hνe = H(νee → νee)Ne + H(νep → νep)Np + H(νen → νen)Nn

=G√2(1 + 4sin2θ)Ne +

G√2(1 − 4sin2θ)Np − G√

2Nn

=G√2(2Ne− Nn)

À�gFS)Hνµ = − G√

2Nn

X.X�a Nx T!2��Á��D���l[ �fdB) Ne=Np [tm�L C W` C )��7�8��� �I�A��1 � ;�<S=Ix���"�����;���x��(J���"�a8)8Ð Ï ������������� �6 J�K ��LFM�2K �(L��7� 6 W(@7d]1 � ;/<S=A���8�f� �I��� Ê��� Ð Ï�� �"!�#%$ &(') 2��+* � ����,.- /10 ��2 JFK43 LFM�5 ) � /076�8 � � � (9AÆ�Ç ) : ��;�<>= �?(@�A>�id

dt

(

νeL

νR

)

=

(

G√

2(2Ne − Nn) µB

µB 0

)(

νeL

νR

)

µ :�B!�#C$ &�' ��DFE"G #�H 3 $

G : I8O(5.J �KB : D�L

Ne : MF���>K��F�Nn : N>O��P��K��1�

Q7R ����S�� �T!�#C$U&>' ��L �� νR = νL 2"V A�WYX 2Z+*\[ �F��,4]_^�`"- �Fa�bP3cFd 5 )�e�f ��;�<>= / A 6

Hνe = − G√2(2Ne− Nn)

Hνµ =G√2Nn

Page 16: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�1 � � 13

` ��� � ���7S � �B!�#%$�&�' ���9�� ) e"f ��� �id

dt

(

νeL

νµ

)

=

G√

2(2Ne − Nn) µB

µB G√

2Nn

(

νeL

νµ

)

=T; ����� ?>@�A 6Y`` 2 νe 2 /�� νµ

/�� ) �CPT ��� =�;���� νe → νe * 0 <��������� ?U@�A � � transition(flavor-off-diagonal) magnetic moment

�� �! � A�W.X 2"VA[7]6

` @ X � "�# =";%$ ��a�bY3 c�d 5 ��& =B;���� �F!1#%$�&>' �(' & c b*) # ��+-, ��.� �_/ $0/ A * 0 <21 � Lim * Marciano [8],Akhmedov [9] =�;-����3 ? @54 6 ` @ )Resonant Spin Flavor Precession(RSFP) *768 @�A 6

1.4 9 :�; <>=@?BADC ED;GFIH < JIKML�NOQP+- 4Resonant Spin Flavor Precessin

) � D�L�=B;��R�S%T 3 �R+-,�] ^�`7U ;�</ D�E"G #FH 3 $ ]V!XW L � = YZ$0[ \B2FV A 6�8� � � D�EBG #FH 3 $ = W�0 � "�] A� )�^_�`Qa�b 2FV A 6cdfe 2 �hg�i�j k =�; A DFE�GXl H 3 $ �Qm Y�npoRq e�f � ;�< =Vr%s X @ ��t A�uS�l�vwl xPJzywx|{~} 825 � ��� � }�l�� ]7� =hq�D1EBG�l H { $ ]z!|W L�� �7��w������ S��%� $�� ��� � W X qµνe < 1.5 × 10−10µB(90%CL) [11]

u� ��� W.X �

νe

��� � W X qµνe < 1.8 × 10−10µB(90%CL) [12]

ue−e+ → νµνµ

W.X qµνµ < 7.4 × 10−10µB .(90%CL) [13]

uντ e− → ντ e−

W�Xµντ < 5.4 × 10−7µB .(90%CL) [14]

u` @ X g�i j k ="; A j�k � o���=�q(�-���p��=X�7�X�Ql $���� � DFE"GXl H { $ ��m Yn � r*s X @ ��t A [15]

u ` @ o�q ' ����� 3   WYX¢¡-£ ��=";Q�R� 12C]¥¤ A � tY< c{�¦ ��§�¨�© =B;��R��ª ]¥«¬ ?~­ ��t A ¨�© =�V A q�®�¯B°²± WYX´³(µB¶V·*4 � � ¸ V¹ u �Xº7���Ql $��7� � D�ETG�l H { $ ]z! �R��t 4 L���q�»�¼*½�� ¾º 4 ���(l $��7�½|¿�����ª �QÀ@Á ¶R· ¹ �½FN�à ��Ä�Å � f � $ (cooling) qwÆ · ½%¿Q���-Ç�È �QÉ � §¹ u `��("�# W X D�ETG�l H { $ ��m Y�n ] r%s ¹ 1 � a|Ê ¸ q(�-���p� § _�Ë WYX � D

ETG�l H { $ ��m Y�n%o�qµν < 3 × 10−12µB(Majorana)

µν < 2 × 10−12µB(Dirac)� § ����t ¹ u

Page 17: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�1 � � 14

1.5 ����� � J νe ����� � J K L Ne m������ ¨�© ½���t��q*�*� l $��R� �• SpT�{ ]7+�, ¶~­ ¹ ¿�� §������ l��w{ $ ]V!*W• � ��N � � L ��!#".%$ t• Z�& ]z!(' q*)�+ ] ^ `~U• ,.-�S�/�0 �� t1�3254 ]76 4 U L��5½ νe → (RSFP ) → νµ → (Oscilation) → νe ½w¿ ���8��� W X

νe

�:95; º7��t ¹ � t<� a*Ê O � "�] Xz· ¹ u νe o � � � .<$ § ���*�(� � ]~! �R��t¹ 1 W X q=��� W X � νe

]?>5@wU ¹ 1Âo-�|� l $��R� � ����� l��*{ $ ]BA�C ¹ � ½�DE W u` · e ¸ �=� WYX � νe F S=G���S �-m Y�n � / X²· ���B$�q S�l�v5l-xIHzy�x5{~} 825 �� }Xlw� ]7� ½

Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(8B) < 3.5%(95%CL) [10]� § ����t ¹ u

1.6 Resonant Spin Flavor Precession JLK M:NL�O� 9 :�; <=@?�PRQ JTSOUcXd q��I��|� l $Q����V�W ��X � º7��Y¾�z[�Z § � o MSW \ k ½*¿ ¹ �w�-l $��� )#+ ]\[ t ¹ � } � ¸ V $ q RSFP

]\[ t 4 X5] ½ W t�Xo�V e $_^a` ¶R· ��t § t uº W º q RSFP ½*¿ ¹ X*] � ^#b º-�dc*e ¶h·�4gf ¸ o § � [16] q Joao Pulido�

E.Kh.

Akhmedov ½|¿ · 8 [17] q µν = 10−11µB , ��� �ih�j5k%�ilp� ��m � 3 × 105G [18] V ·8 !5" ½i�=�����(l $��7�gViW ½ W t� ��X � º¥�gn $ E W � º¥��t ¹ u e 4 qÂ��º `����� ��m ½ 2,3 o ��p t � V · 8�q ��� �@�V/ X ·X4 �5��� l=��{ $ ��m Y5� 6 4 º q�����*� l $��R��V\W ��X � º7��t e8q ½R[\ ¸ V ¹ u

1.7 rtsvu J wyxO�z e ¸X�-"�# ½|¿5$ q��=�5{%| νe

�89�; U ¹ a|Ê�} �5~ ¹ u ��º²q�����{%| � νe F� G(��S � 0¸ oi�wt m �p½ o-��� l $���� ½ ����� l=�X{ $ � � d U ¹���� � § $�q .$ § ��� ���#�5½?� � ¹ � "�] | · ¹ u8��� F � G���S ��m Y�n � r e ¹ m ��q5,I- � /�w�-l $���� ½ hwU ¹ ����� l��*{ $ � m Y�n(�Vr5s ¹ � � § $�q|Æ · ½*¿%$ Resonant

Spin Flavor Precession ½*¿ ¹ ����|� l $����gViW �iX�] ½��5Y��?� ] ¹ 1f½ § ¹ u��� � ¸ o�q ` · | �i�*� � �1� ½|¿*$�� �5{(| � νe F � G(��SX½ W t� X�� �B��� u

Page 18: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

15

�2 � � � � � � � � �

S�l�v*l-xIHzy�x5{~}�o 1996 4 1 �h½ g�i ���� Bº¢qÆ ��� § `R�Qo ¡ �����5��� �(Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment) q�����q*�X� l $��7� ����� (Kamioka Neutrino

Detection Experiment)¸ ~ ¹ u SXl�v|lxIHVyXx5{7} � Á�� o������� �!�"$#&%$' ��()+*

( ,�- 36.43Å

, .�/ 137.32Å

))�021

1000m(2700m.w.e: 3�4 µ�5 Å ) q6#7%98 *;:�<= ½�>@?fºBA��DCFEHG ) m�IKJML7N ·PO )�QMR�S&T 3 J�UHV6W�X�Y+Z+W9[ E&\^]BA`_(G6ab �Kc�dfehg T@iBj^k�lnm �po+q Z i G g J@r;s i {(|ut ~ i�v�wP1 EHG )hx t Qhy�z V{ W | X i � r � )�|�} �u~�� Z i�v2.1 � ��� ���������� 3��6t )9�2�$�`�7���6�2�����9�9�;�+� V Q6wK1$)7�&�pT^ M) J+¡ i�v

ν + e− → ν + e−

νe + p → e+ + n

G XD¢ )��+� tM£�¤n] Oh¥+¦�§�¨ Q E�©+ª�� )h«+¬ (c/n)� C ¬ W ¬�­ t�®+¯�] O9°�± V²�³@´ d�µ`¶ «�· £ Z iuv G )h«@Q §�¨ )h¸�¹`º@» Vh¼ ]½Eu¾ 42

­2);º@» VB¿^r$À;X ipÁ EyP V Q�� d b g ]uA�à i G g JPr;s i�v \ )�Á E �K�����9��� -¦�¨�Ä$Å ) °�± E �K������9�M)h¸�¹�º7»P·uÆ�Ç Z i [&J@r;s i�v`È6º E νe

)�ÉMÊ d �½) °$± E�£�¤�] O6Ë9¦�¨ )º2» g �@�`�Ì�M�h��)�¸�¹�º�» V`Í$WMÎ^Ï Q`T W v G X2V6Ð$W A Q9Ñ�Ò Z i9v2.2 ÓÔ�ÖÕ×�ÙØÛÚÝÜÙØßÞ�àâá ã�äå �9æ7��çHèpé�ç duê�ë r;ì

( í 2.1) î9ï+ð g T&i 3�ñ Q E�ò9ó 39.3m E9ô À 41.4m îõ�ö�÷ t`E�ø$ù�ú 5 û t î �+ü ·hý O Z v�þ O E j^k�lnm E�ÿ���� ¢ î�� Y ��� ¨ T���� � ¢���s&Z i §$¨ V �Mi`É6Ê d � g ���6�������6ÉMÊ d � ·���� Z i�Á V ������ a� �Ì� · { W�� «��� V��Bü ñ g �$ü ñ g V�� ��¢pX!��W i�v ²@³7´ d6µ�¶ « ·#"�$ Z i« ¦�¨&%&'&( Q) � ü ñ g ��ü ñ2î&*$î å�+ d ´ å-,�. ð ( í 2.2)V0/21435�^¢ X!��671

\ X�8�X ò�ó 20inch(50cm)

8inch(20cm) î   î J { W�¢pX!��W i�v�þ O :9 d a-; �VQ)<�=�T:>�?H��� ´ � �5@ d ·B¹�� Á îBADC ê �E9GF&H�·;¹n� Á î � ´ a ��I6� a å-J·0F&K ] O � ´ a �LIM� a å�M ���N�O d ����� M �H�QP JSR C À;XT�+W i�v

Page 19: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�2x å �Mæ2������y+z

16

1000m

LINAC room

20" PMTs

water system

control room

electronics hut

Mt. IKENOYAMA

�2.1: ����� �����������������

2.3 ����� � !#"$&%('�)�*,+�-/. �0�1�� ���2�3���4�&�5���7608 2 9 :�;/< =0>�?A@�B ( C�D PMTE�F G) HJI�KMLON0PAK0Q/R5SUT V (Inner Detector,ID) 6&I,K�LWNAPAK�QX;�8 20 Y7�4Z

( [�\ 50cm) ]_^,`badc�e1�gf�; PMT(�

2.3) 63hji . �����0�7���&�7���361I,K�LWN )k ; -1l�m5n2o,p0) k ;&60h�QgR,S2T_V - 8�q/; PMT H 11146 r�stidu�v5LwN .1x�yXz{ -�|A} Q~<�= z ; z { 84� 40 � -X� Q/R&�X� .�� T V (Outer Detector,OD)- 8 IMB� � 6JI0KMLON PAK ) [g\ 20cm ; 8 Y7��Z PMT

.1885 r�HJI�KjLON .j* i����~;U< n�X� } QU� - 60cm×60cm ; wave length shifter H1s�i�u5v�LON PAK,Q/R

2.4 ��������� ���#���2.4.1 ���&�� �¡_¢M��£�

2.4 8 ID ;_����¤U¥�¦j§&�A¨�© n4y�' P3K P .,ª�« e¬a~­�c�e&�38/®M¯�° - 2 ± .TKO ²,³_´X�1µ E VME ²�³ ´J��µ -4¶ °_NAP K�QgR· ¸ -4.

PMT °¹L�;gºJ»�8 ATM-4¼ L½N7Q4R ATM ;5¾�¿_8 PMT °ML4;4º » ngÀAÁ�Âà . <_Ä Â Ã ;��3³ ¤Uµ�ºX» -�ÅXƬ'Ç. a/ÈOÉ �X;4º » n~Ê Q~Ë,6�h�Q4R0¯ )�. dead timenOÌ L } � - 1 ±A; PMT

- ±7Í 2 ±A;1Z3Î �4ϵ�H�I�ÐÒÑ2N P KJP . 1 ± HgÓ pX� K À 8k + ����HgÓ�ÔXN,QgR7qUN -�* i . ®XÕ�c�´&�(a1ÈUÖJ;4× Ø . Ù >_Ú Û -/ÜJÝ,� µ °¹L�;ÚXÛ =X> ( �´���5�gY1Þ5�Òad; 2.2µsec ß -UàJá ) YJÞj�5a n~â ã0} Q2Ë,H/ä3å E �0æ P

Page 20: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�2 � ������� ����� 17

8" PMT

Tyvek

20" PMT

Bottom

Barrel

Top

Black seat

�2.2: PMT �� ���������������������

phot

osen

sitiv

e ar

ea >

460

φ

520

7000

0~

720~

)20610(

φ 82

2

φ 25

410

φ 11

6ca

ble

leng

th

water proof structure

glass multi-seal

cable

(mm)

2.3: 20 Y"!4Z ( [\ 50cm)PMT

Page 21: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�2 � ����������� � 18

� ��� 1 � ATM � ����� 12 �� PMT �������������! "��� # � �$���! %�$�'&)(��*� SCH(Super Controller Header,bus-interface module) � SMP(Super Memory Partner)

��+%,.-/�0 �!1)2 � 3�� 4 5 �6*����798:�"���;=< �?>�@BA��C��D ATM E. HITSUM �:F'GH-I�J>�@KA��ML�� ��NCO P=Q9RIS�T"�����>U@VA ���UW'X��UWHYMZ�WU[M\H�����U� 2001 ] 1 ^�_M`'O' P=Qa� -186mV �Cb 17 �cPMT HIT ��dae�����Q ( f�g6hji=k�l�����mCn9-V#Ub 3.5MeV) ��o \p�$�j# qsrt�j2u �v>I � �9>I��b 1.6kHz Ow��U�

2.4.2 xJy�zj{|y�}�~c���SMP Wp8� (��'* �U��D'h ����>K�)�.��� ���c>:���c�=o��.���j# � �6���6�������La� �)�U7�8K�!�a��8$�63�">I����kCk��!Nj���|>B������ ����Lc� ��O'�aRV�%8B���� ���ar��62 u �c>��)�����p�������

2.5 ����������)�a���C� �U�� �¡�¢�£¡)¤'���C¥c��¦v§ ¨=# � ���a©)�¤ ��ª�¤C«�� (

�2.5) OU¬­ -/��®c¨�¯v�C��798K�j# � ���"©�Uª�¤M«���°=±!�!²j³�.��Z�¡�´)C�)µ.¶%8B� ���

• ·�!¸�¹C�)ºM»��¼C½�� ",�R$¡���¾v� �U¿ � F 2+e , Ni2+, Co2+ ¡"Y$�À�Á.2)0 �/� -�#)Ã%� �Ä@VÅ���ÆÇr:Èa§���¤��É�ÊCË �$Ì.��� � �

• Rn,Ra,Th ¡"Y�cÍ/Î�Ͻ6Ðj¡"Y ��ÆÇrBÈ�ÑU©'RB�CÒ�� Rn �U�MÓ�Ô��'5CÕ|>=@�Ö2 u �c>I��p§�¡!Ã×���CØ�1'Ù �cÚ�R$¡��U�

 UÛM��®%¨$¯�Wp8:7s8B�6&U¤��U�'²M³j���Z�¡)ªM¤�«a�UÜ"Ý$Þp�$�C��ª�ßp����&UàM�®�¨�¯c��á"���"���

• 1µm âMã�kc*)Õ• ä=Õ|>åh.�=æ�ç�è��)éjê)Õë ��ìUí PMT �îMï%����ðU#ñ=òs-�&�óMô"Ý)³'¶���Ã%� �Ä@�Å�Uõ�öHÝ$÷Mø��"�Û��U� ¤MóvÝ 13 ôjùCà.��ú6�

• 2!0 �IûMmMüMý¤cþ��ÀÁ.2 0 � Ý)È=ÿ��"�

• ���������M¯Ãc���p@�Å ����a� � 8:� �U�c©�U«a������r � 103 ∼ 104 / 1000ml ²M³'�=Ãa���@�Å ��"Ý �Ä8�� � �j¨����U�

• �������M«.�¤aþ! A!æ�ÝUÈ�ÿ������'©��«����6�=ð�#������ 99%, 1pÚ���A!æ� 96% È�ÿ"�����

Page 22: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�2 � æjÕ���Õ�������� 19

20-inch PMT

ATM

x 240

x 20

ATM

GONG

SCH

interface

SMP

SMP

SMP

SMP

SMP

SMP

TRIGGER

HIT INFORMATION

x 6

Analog Timing Module

SUN classic

VME

online CPU(slave)

online CPU(slave)

online CPU(slave)

online CPU(slave)

online CPU(slave)

online CPU(slave)

online CPU(slave)

SUN classic

VME

online CPU(slave)

Analog Timing Module

TKO

TKO

SUN classic

SUN classic

SUN classic

SUN classic

SUN classic

SUN classic

SUN sparc10

SUN classic

interface

online CPU(host)

online CPU(slave)

VME

FDDI

FDD

I

TRIGGER

Super Memory Partner

Super Memory Partner

SMP x 48 online CPU(slave) x 9

PROCESSOR

TRG

interrupt reg.

20-inch PMT

ATM

x 240

x 20

ATM

GONG

SCH

20-inch PMT

ATM

x 240

x 20

ATM

GONG

SCH

20-inch PMT

ATM

x 240

x 20

ATM

GONG

SCH

interface

SMP

SMP

SMP

SMP

SMP

SMP

PMT x 11200 ATM x ~1000

2.4: (6Õ6*�¹CFvL!æ�MN

Page 23: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�2 � æjÕ���Õ�������� 20

• Ultra filter

10nm � u k���¾���¡ ¿ Ý�È�ÿ�� �• Buffer tank

• ���É�

m

2.5: ª�¤�«a�

¤ ��� �!����ñ���Wp8 ë ��ìÝ��������§=ñj¶%8�������� ��������á�� � ��!#"�¥$� 50

tons / hour O'w��%!c©&��ªM¤C«a�'�6�.r(��¤���ÉMÊCË)� 70m ²Mñ���ú$*��+�� ��!

Page 24: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

21

�3 � � � � � � � �

3.1 PMT � � ��� ����� ���3.1.1 ��{9y������! #"%$%}'&My( 2 �*),+.-0/��BÕ�1%���%����®c¨�¯c��� PMT �Ud32�·�¥ �*465Är$Ý87:9 ���#*������; � �%! 3.1 ��©&�,),+<-=/$��Õ>1c��� �@?c�BAIÅ���ì6ÝDC�E *�´��3F'w���!U·�G�#��)H?.Ö��!â3Ij�*1!J>I �=ìH5 ���; �#�K1 ��ç���Õ+�!Õ@LÕ)k���¸U¹�æNM��OA k �QPR � R � UV ÉCÊBS�I)æ�Ý�Þ � � � !  ��à'�=·"âUT$2�Ã�ÕÝVÞ�E � ��� �!þ��QV6�+*QWX ��1 ��ç ��Õ��)Õ3LjÕ@Y��=Z�½�� �#�3[�\a± ¡U·^]V¡.ð%�U®%¨�¯v� �`_Mº�� � �%!

Xe Flash LampUV filter ND filter

Optical fiber

Pho

toD

iode

Pho

toD

iode

ADC

Monitor

PMT

Scintilator

Trigger20inchPMT

SK TANK

Scintilator Ball

3.1: ·M¥a)�+<-Q/���Õ>1v� �%�N?v�aA Å��Uì

b,c �!d����%�e1 ��ç �$Õ�� Õ3LjÕ@Y�] PMT �Hf:g'� PMT h ��·)�=ZM½,i'�e1���ç�/Õ'��Õ@LMÕ*Y��0j@kUl@m���¤���ÉCÊCË�¡.n �0o!pq5=r6sOt(� PMT �=uNkC·:vaÝxw!y$�zE�`{ PMT �V·,v (corrected Q) 50|K}a; � � ! 3.2 � �Q{No!p%ÝDr6~�*�à�� correctedQ

ÝxC�E �� ��!!�:�'� PMT �=�>v$�04z5�t �0� 7 � F>���%!

Page 25: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � )�+e-Q/)��ÕU1�� � 22

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

IDEntriesMeanRMS

101 11146

1.000 0.1509

Constant 1147.Mean 1.010Sigma 0.7105E-01

correccted Q

σ ∼ 7%

3.2: �>v �=4z5�t

� * � �qd�� b:c �#�0{ PMT ������� �� � ������� o3p�jÕ,/QY.Ý����� �� ����ð� �K; ���32����=4z5 t �����cÑ��6ð �'���%!��&�=o!p 'Õ,/HY.ÝDr<~��'������32,�:v�`4K5 tN] o:pHÝDr<~'*Uà����,2,�:v$�=4z5 t ����� �MßvÝ"!#E�*��@5 3.3 FU� � !3.1.2 #%$'&)(�*K��� �N #"%$�+'&�(��2-,���.3)U+B-8/ �0/�11�����324� ���3�)��5�68749^] �>v)�:��; ���=<�>�? PMT

�>1.4@3Y�5 ACB�DFEq~�?�7G���H � � PMT I$��J3m�KML�/,/HY ��N����PO �+�%�C?C7G�Q R8S�HUT"S*o!pUDWV R �6]xF>�M? !X 3.4 �PY,v (Q) ]07�G�Q�R (T) SZ�[8\4�M]�^! EF_ TQ `:aFbz]Wc�d4e:?f�S@F4g bNc 7=\��� � � e�g�h4i8,�jk.�S0o!pq5�VUs�e�?�lm /Cn)a�o�p=qi8j�A�r PMT 5 HIT EP_ 7 G4Q Rs�.tut=v=w65kVqs�e�?*5Cg 1 Y�x=yT�z:Y6FU��?�{�|�}NY�~�/�� �-S�ikz�j�A�S������ bM� r 50cm �=�1D�2��3\.E0^�� t�g��S�7����#]4�Fe8?47�GP� b�� r 3nsec F6�=?�l�h�i�,�jk.Qo!p�\:�4;�^k� ;�eM_�7�GP�b�� D�X 3.5 \0!%>�l-�kSX��Kt�g 1 Y�x=y�T�z:Y8\`2M>8?C7 G4� b�� r 3nsec ���!F6�t�g ���3� b,c:� ;�SP�=�)DF��_<E0^]%?��z5�� � ?�l� _Pg ��S3)N+U-D/3T�/,1���j�\=��;W^P�32M7P9�S�H�T"r ±0.5nsec ����\0�6~a;�e�^�]M?0l3.2 �����¡ £¢¤ S�¥�¦�§-rPgM|�}NY�~ /�S�t�v�w�g�¨)j�n�©HY3ª�«:,P¬�T0/M«8�kj4S�i�j4b�a�­®�en\�¯%]U°±e�?�l-�kS ¤ SP¥ ¦�§-S�²M³3´�µ�T"/M«���j�r%¶4isT�/�·8/)¸ CCD ©�¹=ºC\:�?�»�¼½�¾'¸±g ¿:À4Á µ DP¯%]M_ 2 �%S�Â=Ã3\:�C;4^kVqs�eM^=]�?�l

Page 26: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ²³-´Fµ-T�/M«���j 23

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

HV replaceSigma of normal gain

with usual correction table

with new correction table

Passed days from Jun 1996 (month)

X 3.3: Y>v3S�����t�S 7 G��=<��� r 1996 � 6 � °�S 7=G ( ), � r�����Y>v3S�� ���FD���>2000 � 7 3\ HV S������UD0VU;C_�� , ��e����kY�v3S����������! s�Pe�_P�"�k� � ?�l� _ ,2000 � 9 -\Q{ PMT S$#&%�n%/�µ$'-D)(+*�,.-/��»0*F_�� , 1�2%7MS�����Y&33S���4�Wr*� 4% 5>��?�l

880

890

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

970

980

Q (p.e.)

T (

nse

c)

Linear Scale Log Scale

X 3.4: TQ `-a4b

Page 27: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ²³-´Fµ-T�/M«���j 24

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

10-1

1 10 102

Q(p.e.)Q(p.e.)Q(p.e.)

∆ T

(ns

ec)

X 3.5: 20 i3j�� PMT S 7 G4��1 �

3.2.1 �%$���������� ��������¤ S�¥�¦�§ λ S »P¼=½�¾3r X 3.6 S%���W��«4p�n��%\�� �uV�� e�?�l�Y��:r4g 337nm �

600nm S���N3S! !"�Y1D�#4>k� ��#%$�?�g N2 ¶Ci�T0/4·8/ ��¯%]U°±eM^=]M?�l

X 3.6:¤ S�¥�¦=§=½ ¾�S�&�a3­('3a�b

¶Pi-T�/F·M/=� �*),+�°�e _WY�r 2 - \���.%°�e�_0/�g214Â�r�¨!3hP/�¯S 2inch(5cm)PMT

5�Y=�-D�½�¾��Fe�?�l�� *�^8f��41�Â:r�5�6Fi m /MD87 *�^%h�j�o�9CS Diffuser :M/ '%\;�< ��e�?�l>=kS Diffuser :�/!':r4g�?A@CB�¸�*F^ MgO S ; ;C_A'�o3´�'�:�/!'�5�D?0l�=�S Diffuser : /�' � °E)�+s°±eM_FY�D�gMhjkoGF�H8S CCD ©¹ º D0¯M]�^JI�½4*�g¨�3:h�/ PMT 5GI�½ �Pe�_PY-S!KC�1D�¯�] ^MLAN�<:>�?�l CCD ©%¹=º�S�½�¾3rGO�PMQ

Page 28: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ²³-´Fµ-T�/M«���j 25

� ��5�½�¾1��e�g,LAN�<s�0e�_PY-r4���SZ��)\�� ;P^ 5�� a���j�.��Pe8?�lI(d) = I0exp(−d

λ)

=A= 5 I0 r4Y��)S4Y���g I(d) r ��� d S���� 5�½M¾ ��e�_4Y�� 5�D�?kl:X 3.6 r��N420nm S�Y)DP¯M]M_����3SPg����'¸4L�N�<s�0e�_ CCD ©�¹�º 5�½=¾��0e�_FY�3-D)�+*W^]�?�l��GO�\�g3X 3.8 r��������JQJ��N"5=S�� �=N)D��+*W^]%?�l

10 4

0 10 20 30distance from CCD (m)

CC

D/P

MT

14-Dec-1996(420nm)

L=92.2±5.2m

X 3.7: ��N 420nm \C��.�?!���'¸�Y�33S Z"��&� r�Y�� � °�S�����l� � r�LAN=<���e�_�Y3)D���>

10 -3

10 -2

10 -1

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

Dec.-3,4-96 Dec.-14-96 Dec.-17-96 Dec.-27-96 Jan.-18-97 Mar.-05-97 Nov.-17-97 Apr.-18-98

wavelength (nm) at

tenu

atio

n co

effi

cien

t(1/

m)

Mie scattering

absorption

Rayleigh scattring

X 3.8: ���=N3S � N$#�%=�$&� � r�Y-S�� NMg� � r'� � [��UD)��>�l

3.2.2 (�)+* µ ��� C���¤ SF¥=¦�§-rPgk¿�À�Á µ DP¯%]=_�Â�à 53f�½ ¾U�0e�?�l�=�eMr SK hj�o�\�,�- ;/. 50 _P¿3À�Á µ �

µ− → e− + νe + νµ

µ+ → e+ + νe + νµ

S����0\�1�2+*�g =4S!3 48\/�C;P^�#%$�_!1�2�x=y �G) *F_,��58Tkj�6!5FY)DP¯M]M?�7�\�k;4^4gC¥�¦=§)DF½�¾%>�?F Ã�5AD?�l���58T�j 6�5WY-S�p�88o ­ ':S"9��=B��MI�½s�0e? �3\ ��N�#�%�:�r�½=¾�#%$�Q�] �Cg�;=<=S SK i�z-j-­"D0¯M]�?>7�\��k;P^ ´0' '�h4i�&5@?�A�5 0 g����:i�z-j-­CB�DFEG�Hs�%+JI>7 K ,CL$MJN�Q4¥�¦=§=O"P�QREF½�¾�S�I>7��#�$�I�l=T 3.9 r =@O�Â=ÃFE�¯�]_ 1996 U 1 1 V � °XW�Y��!5�O�Z�[�P QFE � *F^]�I�l4{:|�} ':~�\M3%¬ \ ­�´!]@OM«/^�¬`_\�«a��j�r4g =�O�¥�¦�§JO�P�QFEWt W+SJI$��F\"bwU�Fe$c$d+I�l

Page 29: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ²³-´FµR_\M«���j 26

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800Elapse day since 1/1/96

Wat

er t

rans

pare

ncy(

m)

T 3.9:¤ O�¥�¦ §`O�Z�[�P Q

p ­�� � µ O'1�2 � °�½�¾s���������aN!Q ¤ OF¥�¦=§RO�Z�[�P�Q :1996 U 1 1 V � °O�� ¦ V � ¸ ¤ OF¥=¦�§ E)�+*�c$d+I3.3 LINAC ������������ ��� ����� "!#%$ Á'&%(*),+ (

#'$LINAC) -$�@I�.%/ '10�\�²�³�´�µ=_ \�«��32 [19] 45�7698!3 ¬�\

­�´!];:'<=2-­ O>./!'�0�\�?>@ (5 � 15MeV) 5� �1�O'.A/ '�0�\�E7B�- #%$ E7CAD,E�5)�bGF +`I>7"� #%$�I��H�ID,EJO5CJd>.9/ 'J0�\'KAL�\!'/O²�³8´�µa_>\�«R�M2$��N �J=¸ �;O1P�5AD�I�Q/�>�;�SRH2>T�9>- ;C< F���I #%$ O�USV��kÂJW&��X1Y�I'�%ZH-M�'[#�+O�U\VI�>]9EX�1SP/O²�³-´�µ�_\%«R�I2^ ��Z1-�N �A�JIMQ SK 5C¯=dU°_�JI LINAC

4M�*`J-Aa5b¯c-�¯+dU°d�JI,R*: � O�^�O 5�D�I�Q+T 3.10 -�e�S`����-�� LINAC YGfE)+�f_��� #A$ 4;� 3 -�O�g%h\-��,i'cj9klf_��Q��=f'm@\��*nc: � E 7+*�c SK R92*TA9-�o �dp+����IMQcm�\M�Inc: � E87�*�c SK RH2IT�9 Ho/�dp/�M�9� #%$ 4��$T 3.11 -�eS%.J2�qsr%tu� � E87�*>c'v%wJx>- ;�< F��'�%K�\�n/\>y=^7z{yc23|I[�#�+ 5�[�#HF���I�QT 3.12 4��Am�\M��O5}A~!3{� 16.32MeV � ;�< ���{� (x,y,z)=(-388.9cm,-70.7cm,27cm)

O"����O;�'�%�A�=F��1�;�/\>����TIK�E7e���c�d�I�Q�=���f�O T*Y=f ;�< �����d�%�A�=F�1�;�=\*�=�ITIK%�R�J� 1I����c$d+I�7c�'X1Y�IMQ=�O%r'tA�7�`_ \%���72�Y=f��1Zlfs����'�JE7�G�3��O'� T 3.13, T 3.14 ��D�I�Q�T 3.13

4M�.9/*��0�\-M- d�cI�%��|$\{R{���J25�Hy'�c��/^��`_\�a�M2 (MC) O5�H�%�`O5 d�� MC−DATA

DATA O'.A/;�S0�\"#�%�:RE��+S'Q�� OS-�T 3.14 4�U�V!#�%�:aE7���>c>¡"¢£��d¤ �l^ ±0.5% ¥ 9�O�CADAE�� MC � DATA E�� W"�c�d�I�Q

Page 30: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � rHt\�5�R_\9����2 27

4000 cm

4200

cm

D1 MAGNET

D2 MAGNET D3 MAGNET

BEAM PIPE

LINAC

TOWER FOR INSERTING BEAM PIPE

1300 cm

A

B

C

D

E

F

H G

X

Z

Y

T 3.10: LINAC O��������'� ���/O����c4 #A$ O������FE7�"��c$d+I

Titanium window

Trigger counter

HV, signal cables

Scintillationcounters

PMT

PMT

HV, signal cables

818

mm

102 mm

T 3.11: LINAC O endcap

Page 31: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � rHt\�5�R_\9����2 28

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500

x(cm)

Z (

cm)

0200040006000

-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500

010

0020

0030

00

-150

0-1

000

-500

050

010

0015

00

X (cm)

T 3.12: LINAC OI�/\*���'TMKIX �

-0.05

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

WT = 83m

combined deviation=0.11%

total energy in water from Ge measurement(MeV)

(MC

- D

AT

A)/

DA

TA

�3.13: LINAC energy scale

Page 32: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � rHt\�5�R_\9����2 29

position dependence of observed energy deviation

-0.05

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

WT = 83m

IHGFEDCBA

position tag

(MC

-DA

TA

)/D

AT

A

�3.14: LINAC position dependence

3.4 Ni-Cf � ��������� �� ����� ���

Ni-Cf ��������� �"!�#%$%&(' 1p.e. �*)�+-,/. PMT .10324.6587:9-'<; MeV �=)8+.<>3?<+A@8�8B-C-�6+EDGF-HJILK�M � 3.15 .ANPO Q�RTS�UWVESYX�DGZ\[�](^/_-`JIGab . Ni-Cf source &1' Ni(n,γ)Ni cedEMPNAfg; MeV �=):+/. γ hTDji/kJIGa b . γ h�MNmlY](n�o:p-'6qE&"r/$(XsUL$ut�vEM\Nml1]6i:o�w1xLy-zA.(i3k\Im{/|E�6$6r<}L0�DL~8�k4I��JM4Nml(]<'6�\>-?6+\@:�G���A."�8�J�L��� �"!A#m$mM1ZP[���`\I(a3x��Jw='"�(�:�� w�] Ni source .1��p �(� 9�ze�3�"�m���:'8�8�A�-�������"��IL�:�e9-�:�8 T¡%,/.G¢£:¤3¥ '<�� /,/.L0E.1c�¦PQT§ ���P�jI%�<�-9/¨m©TªA�=Q���Qe[Y��'8«�S(¬-­8®P¯:$T�°.± wL²P³YM/N8I�´ ± '6µ3�"¶�·<¸JM6¹�º<¨e�e�/I��P���W'(»e¼P,-&G½e¾"k\I DT generator

DLZP[�]3¿%7J."�����L��� �"!�#m$mDL^TlY]:[\I%a

3.5 DT � �À�Á�Â��� �s �T�Ã� �Ä�

DT �<�A���E�j��!J#%$ [20] &�'Y�eÅJÆ8MG^ÇO b � M/N\fÈ'e>e?Y+J@<�6B:C-�(+/.1´ ± 'É/Ê1Ë-Ì 9:'ÍUG�jÎ:�:. efficiency QJ§1.GÏe�AM%Z"[��*`\I(a LINAC M/NmI8�e�\����� �!J#%$ � .LÐA[-&1'6Ñ Ê .(Ò:Ó\¨ANJfÔ��Õ/,-Ö"I<xe×-MLØA[1Ù3Ú/, ÉJÊ1Ë-Ì 94¨(Ïe��Û�ÜI��3' β �8��.(7:ÝA¨eÞ8ß4,Yà/á�M1â-Ú-ãä�Wå�æ�Û1Ü�I��A¨-ç\è�� `AI(a � 3.16 &mµ4�¶�·e¸�.%^:é�D�ê"k6a

DT generator NAf°i8osªG`JI � 9:z�&Yë/ì3.AN"O�QYc-dAM4NelY](i�oíª�`JI(a3H +2 H →4 He + n

Page 33: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ��������� ����� 30

20m

m

200m

m

130m

m

125m

m

50mm

10m

m 30m

m

Nickel wire + Water

�3.15: Ni-Cf ����������� ������������� �"!

#$#$#$#$#$#$##$#$#$#$#$#$#%$%$%$%$%$%$%%$%$%$%$%$%$% &$&$&$&$&$&$&$&$&&$&$&$&$&$&$&$&$&'$'$'$'$'$'$'$'$''$'$'$'$'$'$'$'$'

($($($($($($()$)$)$)$)$)$) *$*$*$*$*$*$*$*$*+$+$+$+$+$+$+$+$+,$,$,$,$,$,$,,$,$,$,$,$,$,-$-$-$-$-$-$--$-$-$-$-$-$- .$.$.$.$.$.$.$.$.$..$.$.$.$.$.$.$.$.$.

/$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$//$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$/0$0$0$0$0$0$01$1$1$1$1$1$1 2$2$2$2$2$2$2$2$2$23$3$3$3$3$3$3$3$3

16

4$4$4$4$4$4$44$4$4$4$4$4$45$5$5$5$5$5$55$5$5$5$5$5$56$6$6$6$6$6$67$7$7$7$7$7$7

8$8$8$8$8$8$8$8$8$8$88$8$8$8$8$8$8$8$8$8$89$9$9$9$9$9$9$9$9$99$9$9$9$9$9$9$9$9$9:$:$:$:$:$:$:$:$:$:$:;$;$;$;$;$;$;$;$;$;

n

nnn

nn N16

2 m

(a) (b) (c)

E =14.2 MeVn

O(n,p) N16

�3.16: DT generator data taking

DT generator M\NmI(µ/�3¶�·e¸3a (a): µ��/¶:D�<>="k\I É4Ê M DT generator D6ì@?Jª�AI1a (b):

� 9�z�D�i�osª�AJI(a (c):DT generator D 2m ç"Bsª�Ae'PµP�3¶�DC<�=3kAI(a

Page 34: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ��������� ����� 31

� �������������� �� SK � ���� ���������������16O + n →16 N + p

16N ���! �" � � 16N � 7.12 # �%$'&�(��*)�+��-,. �0/�132 β 4'5�16N →16 O + e− + γ + νe

6 /078��9;: 4.3MeV ��<� =� 6.1MeV � γ >���?;@A B"DC �FE;�HG MeV �HI;JLK0M N'O PK � ������� C��RQ"� 6TS�U �V0WHX�Y� %" � 3.17 �[Z�\R]�2�^A_�XL`baHc�dDT � � ����� �0Q�� 6 /�7feg�3cd NHh � �iK��j�k��*l-mPKDn �boBp � �qQ � 6/P �r's�t-X�u- F"bvHd%� � 3.18,

�3.19 �T� � � � ����� C �AQ"� 6 /Lw%xPey�zcd

I�JPK�M NHO BK �F^A_%{H|��'�P}0~%���H{�|H���3����x U %"R�B+0���z���'�H����X���H�0WL� ±0.5% X;u�78� LINAC � � �C��C ��Q"�"�F�����F�F�0Xu- F"

Energy (MeV)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

�3.17: Z�\!]�2 DT � � ����C��qQ��"� N�h � �8K� -� ( �C��� ) ���DoPp C��RQ"� � � ( ��� � ) ���H�����a���x U

3.6 ����� µ � �¢¡¤£¦¥¨§=©«ª­¬¯®¢°[±¨²¯³µ´�¶ ·�¸ ¹R³¢º »g¼G�½ MeV �¾�K �PI;J�K�M ��>� ����C �!Q��L��`y1¿E 6 ��À�ÁB> µ �F4'5�<H ��S-U B"�4H5�<� ��HI;J�K�M N'h � �8KD�T,-.���Â��

dN

dEe=

G2

12π3m2

µE2e (3 − 4Ee

mµ)

Ee : 4'5H<� ���I�J�KAM@

Page 35: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ��������� �!Q�� 32

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500z-position (cm)

(MC

-DA

TA

)/D

AT

A

r-position (cm)

(MC

-DA

TA

)/D

AT

A

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

�3.18: DT � � ��� C��qQ��%�����HIJPK�M N�O PK ��^�_T{�|H�

r,z �����l��P� N �3�y� �DCLc��Pc z,r �����b�T��'d���;t!� SbU x U

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350Azimuthal Angle (degrees)

(MC

-DA

TA

)/D

AT

A

cos(Zenith Angle)

(MC

-DA

TA

)/D

AT

A

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

3.19: DT ������������������� �"!�#�$&%(')��*,+-�&%�!�.eÚ Ë-Ì�/

+X 0 SK 1-243 0 Ú65�ê87:9�;�<=><!�?�0�9>@,A)B-C�D�!FE�G-!�HJI)!FK�L(5���MONPOQ 34R�S

Page 36: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ��������� �!Q�� 33

G : Fermicoupling �'Gmµ : µ �����

XB����cA BW�� � ����T� ��! ���%��dHk �Fl�mPK0n �bo%p��>�qQ �-�j���Hs���c�dF45'<� �� N�h � �iKq�F�H�@A �V 6 /'wBx � ������� �!Q��L�y1 "

3.7 Trigger efficiencyN �� �mqo� bm � � X����IJ�K0M ����¾���� ��� %� � @A FE 6 � Low Energy

Trigger(LE), Super Low Energy Trigger(SLE) �����HcA 2 ������������� � S�U x U!�"$# c&%'�(�)����� efficiency �+*-, !�.0/ Ni-cf 1�}A~ DT generator W S0U % c !W�1 # c /�2)3(4 d6587 . ��9:%�� G MeV ;=<:��>�W@?'�BA�wLd�IJPKDM=�8�BC-D !'EX;u !�" ���F��� efficiency

/)GIH ��ÂEfficiency =

NLE(SLE)trigger

NDT (Ni)trigger. 5HwTxT�@��c !+"$#�#�J NLE(SLE)trigger

/LE(SLE) trigger

J ��¾$K$�LNM�OP�Fc�dQ �3� 4 1 NDT (Ni)trigger

/ 1 2 RS�T�+�U�0�856?%�3½SV=WX�+Y(�+�U����ZTt��B[��X��c�dDT(Ni) �+�\�S� J M)O]��c-d��L¾�K��^� Q J u !'"�# � DT(Ni) �+�U�0� / -150mV

. [�$�Fc�x0_ !'" SLE ���U��� / 1�56?`�8_'��¾�K��a��b)cP�Id�e . 1�f�g�ZPt]� H-h�!�ij�k �l�m�x�_ !'"-n � i j ���H��1 2001 o 1 pSq0rs� SLE �+���S����ZPt / -186mV 1tSu �+v8w-xzys{)� .'|=}(4~ 3.5MeV �'�P¾XK$�N� 50% ���8D ! 587 . [0�P��m ~ _!�"�

3.20/ 1 DT �-�����]�B�-�X�+K . 5=� ~+�s� %\m-� LE ��������� efficiency 1S�s�� K�I�zy��S�����]���-����K . 5)� ~�� q$��m8� efficiency ��� 4~ _ !�"

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

DATAMC

Energy (MeV)

LE

tri

gg

er e

ffic

ien

cy

�3.20: LE trigger � efficiency

��� . � 3.21 � � 3.24/ 1 SLE ���U��� .+� D ! efficiency �\�6D "

Page 37: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�3 � ����������-�X��K 34

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8

DATAMC

threshold:-260mV

Energy (MeV)

SL

E t

rig

ger

eff

icie

ncy

�3.21: SLE ������� -260mV

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8

DATAMC

threshold:-260mV

Energy (MeV)

SL

E t

rig

ger

eff

icie

ncy

�3.22: SLE �+����� -250mV

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

3 4 5 6 7 8

DATAMC

threshold:-222mV

Energy (MeV)

SL

E t

rig

ger

eff

icie

ncy

�3.23: SLE ������� -222mV

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

3 4 5 6 7 8

DATAMC

threshold:-212mV

Energy (MeV)

SL

E t

rig

ger

eff

icie

ncy

�3.24: SLE �+����� -212mV

Page 38: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

35

�4 � � � � � �

4.1 �� ¼ �� ¹� ­º »g¼����� ��� J �����Bm6�����$K�� / 10��g�Y�����KX�`� ���)�$��K (G�H 1 # ����$�

� ���S�X��K�L��! ) �#" 4 1%$&��'(����K$�\�*)�+=D !-,]. 5S� ~ 1�.�/�e .�0�1:.*2_X%Um !43 K65�yPLY !�"�GIH�7 ��� �����\ 8� K#8 J92 _]%Nm ~ _ ! ���:�����+K . R_ ~&;=< D !+"4.1.1 >@?BADC�EGFIH(JLK%MN�O ��K&P�QSR k C&T 4 � U8�z�GV � 7=/ 1 n mXW�m-� PMT

k�Y�Z 4 � [ ��\�] � 2 _!S,s. 5)� ~��:^:_a` m !'" .�b . 14.acedgf PMTk

HIT4 � \�]&h (200nsec) �#i:j4 1�Q�klV � .nm 7 PMT �po�q-D !'"nr�. 1 PMT

kHIT

4 � \�] (THIT) La1-s:j 4 �U-���aV � 7 L PMT ��t�uGvX%�Q�w:�FK k4x �+� \�] (TPMT ) �ny tres (=THIT -TPMT )

�6L !�"X# �6z�y tres � 2 _ ~ 1 goodness LB_P7|{$� GIH ��587 . j�}8D !'"goodness =

1Nsel∑

i=1

1

σ2i

Nsel∑

i=1

1

σ2i

exp(− t2res

2σ2t

)

Nsel : PMT � HITQ

σi :n mXWzm8� PMT � \�] V 0G~

# ��� 5�? 1 goodnessk .�� . Y !#� � U��BVB�IV&� 7�� � K$�+L\D !�"

4.1.2 �D�=H(J�K�Mt0u k C8D ! N=O ��K�P�Q-R��(� �(�����6K�� � . 1 t�u k9x �z� �=�6� ��^�_ D !+"# � \ 1 likelihood funtion(L(dir)) � G�H ��587 . j�}8D !+"

L(dir) =∑

i=1

log(f(cos θdir))i ×cos θi

a(θi)

cos θdir : ss� direction L 1�U��)��V&� 7 L HIT4 �

PMT �&�%�P� y@L�� ���f(cos θdir) : ��� ` m=�#���0V(�

a(θi) : PMT �4���:��� � DL� ���IQG�&�����

Page 39: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � 8X�G� 0�1 36

� � L(dir)k .����zY��z��� �=��� � ������K�� � direction L��=���

4.1.3 � ��������������������E��! "�SK ��# 0�1�$ yL�(5&%��s�'%:�-��(��]�-�-�X�*) $ yL��5,+�%-(/.+y��&�,021 n m�Wm4365�7X���8)��9�6��g���8X����v�:/;&�*����<=% 0(1 �?> ��@BA6�C< ~ED �*� SK �Lowenergy

$ yL�(5 ( F GIH ���-��(4$ $ y���5 ) 1E+�(/.�y%���"0I1,J K(��@�AL7����)C�M; �����X�*)*�/N$� ~,D �'�

• Total photo-electron cut.�b��?%��2O�HI�:�P�'(4$�����)��RQTS�U�V µ ����)��W�LXZYp+�fM[B��%B\X�9���)8�M] 1000 photo-electron J�^�� HIT ]�\-�)��_I`6%�a������b)��9�LXcYp+Dfd�1000 photo-electron e D A {�+�fIga�4h�iTjBk�����lImB�B��e&n 130MeV �*[Co<p%2n 20MeV J K���F�G"H�q��-�'(4$&����)��W� cut �=� , +�r D �

• Hayai UB�*s@V9� 72t V��uIv

SK �4w*{�+ 3.5MeV(50%) 1 \���]�%4w�{���KEx�� � e4�E@*y{z�|I}IQB� )9�vb:#� γ V,%�~�� Rn �G�6U@V�� $4�6� )C�|���9��)C�M]6d"�C�4���(� , ��7(�?�Ia<Lz�a���:/+���)��9�{�6�B�T����������)��M1I\X� , ]9d D [6% HIT </��R6�E]��`�D �9��)b��19UB�Ts@V6� 7 ]*�Gv8: 150cm J��'1E\X�L_,`6% � ���LX�YS+ fR�

4.1.4 First Reduction

First Reduction +{%,�����B�P� � O .9v8:n�G$��:'(����)���Q��2�Bv�: ������)b��7� %��4���9��)C�R1,7 D �9��)��p��XZY + fR[B� 2�D :&�L�?��J,K�% � � First Reduction�{# 7 sIV45��T� D z ;=< �=�'�• fidutial cut� h2iTj�k����&�b)�� �4+�% SK �E)��/Q SK ��)��,�9XZY��4 I1 D �9|2}�vb: � γ

V%��@��&����)b��]&d4�I¡b¢��6z D ����¢"��%,�=�{£ D t�u�1 +"h i�j�k���Q�UB�sIV&� 7 �'¤ ^�_ �?¥���]�¦ fp7 D �Ba���[I%�R"fIg2§6¨6©L��ªXVC� ���9��) v8:¤ ^:_ ` ���/«If,¬4g��?­�T � ]�%B�/®"¯%�/��v�: 200cm @�Y{�=�%�?°2±,²"³I�������)���1 \�y��'_I`6% � ������)��W��X�Yp+�f´�

• time difference cutµ q:��¶�)6��·,¸���@BY�­�T��=�LfIg���@��T¹4ºb)��»%4~��"h�¼'½¾�W¿*HB½ 7 v8:�'À��B��@��*¹4º�)��W�LXZYp+�fM[B��%�¹4ºb)��d­�T�vb: 50µ Á6J����4¹Tº�)����XcYp+ fR�

• OD trigger cut

�2®I¯=� PMT ]�%b�L®I¯=�2¹4ºb)��{e? \ �,¹Tº�)��W� Y�Z <'�{_6`I%2�2��v8:à > </� µ ¬4g���@9�4¹4ºb)��'eÅÄ�ÆC<W%,XcY + fR�

Page 40: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � 8X�G� 0�1 37

• electronic noise cut

– First electronic noise cut

f2g����%�E@����T¹�6¹4ºb)C�W�LXcY� f��,����% HIT ] 0.5 photo-electron

J K(� PMTN � )�iTjL���I`�]T% HIT <'��� PMT �{����� <{z 40% @�Y��� D _6`I% � �2¹Tº�)����9X�Y� f��

– Second electronic noise cut

1 ��� ATM v8:�­�T �B����¹���LXZY� f [B��% 95 �TJE^(� HIT ]�% 1 �G�ATM ����]�y�z D � PMT �?_I`6% � ���LXZY��fR�

• goodness cut��� <'� goodness �4{E] 0.4 JIK21I\(�9_I`B� � ���LXZY� fR�&U�V�½ $4�6� )��� dgfp+�%9UG��s�V�½ 7 �{¤ ^:_ ]8A?¢�f�N�v�� goodness ]� !B� � D [2%�XPY�v"�=�?��" 4.1 +�%�#%$'&47(��X��)b)+*�j�� goodness ��,��C�.- <Lz D �{�• Flasher cutR�/=��@9�4¹*º�)��W�� f [=�'%9RIf"g"§6¨,©B� HIT ]104�,B�26¢2y{z D �/_,`�.3P<Å% � ����X�Y� fd�

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1goodness

" 4.1: goodness ,(�#1$'&471(G����)�)+*�jX�,¹4º�)b�/e4�T¹1� ¹*º�)b� ��� �B� goodness ,��6587�Y&�:9` �6z D �.,�� ];#%$<&*7�(��G�=)b);*�jX��,�� , >�?@�&��,�� ]A��¹%�2¹TºC)��&�=B ���¢T��%DC���s@E�½�FX�'¤ ^:_ ��G�H¾</z D ��c9�2+ 0 �47By�z D �4.1.5 Spallation cut

SK ��)*½2�:� à �I2 "1��*��J�h i�j�k:���/S�U�V µ +�%%KI®'L���M:N%O2g�PPepJEK��@�AL7QO"g�P�R�S ( J K�%TF�U¾¼e�DV@W�)6e=X�9 ) À�YI%µ +16 O → µ + X

Page 41: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � (X������� 38

Isotope τ 1

2

(sec) Decay mode Kinetic Energy(MeV)

82He 0.122 β− 10.66 + 0.99 ( γ )

β− n ( 11 % )83Li 0.84 β− 12.5 ∼ 1385B 0.77 β+ 13.7393Li 0.178 β− 13.5 ( 75 % )

11.0 + 2.5 ( γ )

β− n ∼ 10 ( 35 % )96C 0.127 β+ p 3 ∼ 13

113 Li 0.0085 β− 20.77 ( 31 % )

β− n ∼ 16 ( 61 % )114 Be 13.8 β− 11.48 ( 61 % )

9.32 + 2.1 ( γ ) ( 29 % )124 Be 0.0114 β− 11.66125 B 0.0204 β− 13.37127 N 0.0110 β− 16.38135 B 0.0173 β− 13.42138 O 0.0090 β− 8 ∼ 14145 B 0.0161 β− 14.07 + 6.09 ( γ )156 C 2.449 β− 9.82 ( 32 % )

4.51 + 5.30 ( γ )166 C 0.7478 β− ∼ 4167 N 7.134 β− 10.44 ( 26 % )

4.27 + 6.13 ( γ ) ( 68 % )

- 4.1: Summary of spallation products.

��� � <Å% spallation products e�X���� ������Â��,² X �=­�������?� ��� spallation

products� L��4+ - 4.1 �=B��C@�A-� 0.001 Á��8: 10 �IÁ ������ ��!#"{% � MeV $

20MeV�

β % γ �/­��% ( F�U¾¼-�DV@W*)?¹Tº�)�� ) & � ]E\��(' � h�iTjBk�)+*�,�+FEG2H�q�).-*(�� ��/�0#1+2 D :��34*�,�1E\8Y´%�5<��7+C E�½�6 ��7 �'eL7By�z D �8a�'�9;:<'L�¾: spallation event =4?>�[ 1 :EJIK � 3 � �A@ �CB )���)�:

DL : S�U{V µ��DFE e � h6iTj�k;),¹4º 7 - � C�)4s@E�½�F �+G�H

DT : S�U{V µ��I�JLK �;M�Nbe � h6iTj�k�),¹4º 7 -M]�­�� K ��M�N ��O

Qres : Qtotal − p(t)L

= 2�P z likelyhood function =4QcYR:�S F�U�¼T):V W 7 ¹*º 7 -+U K �LVW= XB��Y8#'�'9 Qtotal Z :(' � ¹4º 7 - � �6² ��[ �F: p(t) Z µ

�ADE#�]\ ��^?�T_�Y 1�/0 �����photo-electron :�a K z L Z µ

�YDFE3� ^��Y9 \�Y`: V ��a )�=T�Fb K �{_2`c]d2� � -

Page 42: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � (�)������ 39

� E*½*]�� v�� =_6` 1��%��� 1� +8" 4.2 Z : Qres

��3P1 � y�z DL ,���� ������� � ��%=.B K �%& � 9����;:<' �" 1 B � � � 1 a������ � Qres

1�� y{z DL� ,�� & ��� K z P � �4,����8 a ��� :

Qres

1 � � likelyhood function�A@ ��B )F�;)%&�a������ 6 � 1 ,��*z 2�� K :('?�

U ��3P1 ��Y K z P +8

4.2: Qres ! 6 " !�#�$&%�'�(*) DL +�,

4.3 - 4.4 .�-�/*02143�576�8:9<;>=@?BADC�EF8FGIHKJ�?�L DL +M,->N O DT +

,QPI-SR�T�U�T ! likelyhood function HWVX=ZYM? )�[\ L�- 4.5 . SK ]M8�^ %@_a`Ib>c>d�e L µ ! Qres +�, (Fcorrerated) d ->f ! �g�hi�j�k�l 3*C�Em8&G !�n 0.1 o�prq ! µ H�J�?�Ls+*,*-�R =@Y>t ! �g�h i�j�k l 3*C�E8 G@P�.>u@v !Kw ?MC�E787GIH@J�?*L�+*, (Funcorrerated) d�xM)K[�y Tz; 2 " ! +*,M{F;|-}*~ G�]�C } ! likelyhood function (LQres(Qres)) .�p�t !r������� -

LQres(Qres) =Fcorrerated(Qres) − Funcorrerated(Qres)

Funcorrerated(Qres)

dK��� ;IT )K[My T�H���=@L ! g* 4.6 !W���dMx�)K[�� ; %�ys! LQres(Qres) HZ� % =ZY��������� 8���=�- Qres %@����) likelyhood function H ����)K[�yK! likelyhood function

HZ��=@Y�? )�! gM 4.6 !��M��d�x�)�[p�f 3 �>� !�� �*� 3�]�3�H�J�?Y*/�0Q�Z3M5F6�8�C�EF87G�.�� `I  {T�Y>? )s[=W{m=�-�¡ ¢ � µ .�£ 2.2Hz d SK ]�8�^ %@¤�e =@Y '¥` -�¦Mo>-�¦ � o !K§r¨�© H4ª�"

Page 43: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � ��)������ 40

�4.3: The distribution of the likelyhood for DL

�4.4: The distribution of the likelyhood for DT

Page 44: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � ��)������ 41

�4.5: Distribution of Qres

�4.6: Qres � likelyhood function

Page 45: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � ��)������ 42

spallation products1�� ���� 7 - 1�� K�� DT

@�� B )��;) 1�� �� �r��P ��� Z :��� 1 5�� � dead time =���� Ks��P���� �� 9�� ��P 8���� � ' � spallation cut 9Z :��� $�!��� � ^ P+�F�� =�!"� spallation products

1�� #�$�%C6 � 7'& �)( >Z cut

K �+* ��P��CP-, ��.�/ �+*%�8%' � ^ P��F�C =�!0��1�2�3�)�465 7 ��� 7 - 1� P�� Z�798 �;: 8

4.1.6 Second Reduction

< U 1)=0>�? Reduction =A@ : , 1���B-� : SK?-CED9F0G�H -)I-JAK�L�9 2�P : final

sample M � : 8• New goodness cutN9O b < *�P�# H�Q $R%R1 ?-S9T"?RUV�XW�Y / ? # H)Q $-%�1�=X�Z� �[: 8�\]* U_^# H)Q $`%R1 W � Pa� goodness =Ab c Kedef�? N�O b < *�P]# H)Q $g%R1 ? goodness

M`h9i �":�j'k K � : ���'l'm W���K�� J��9nE���'lom �ap��)* ��q P�r�s d�ft?goodness u�va*�w Ja��nE���'l6m ?-x�y'z�{6|���}tq�~�W9�"B���q : u����0� ��d\ ?��)daY /�# H�Q $-%�1 ? goodness M ?R� k`� < q MX����w�* :-j \+*�w ?��'�� w daf"? # H�Q $-%�1�M Y /�# H�Q $-%�1 ? goodness

?���� � < q r�s d \+*�w? �Z�6l'm z+���X��� j• Cherencov ring pattern cutN�O�� < *tP direction M d N�O�� < *tP�# H�Q $�%�1 � w HIT ��P�^ PMT �? ��%�m���M ?�� ?-��z+�;� :)j vt� ��d�� l Q0� �� �4"¡ G 3 H 4'5 l � w£¢wg*EP � �6?R¤�¥ � w �;� w�*[P likelyhood function M`h�i�� d s0¦ �9q k ?�z�§���¨� j \R* W�©t� 1�2�3 H 4;5 l)���6l'm«ª d Rn ¬�­ ? 214Bi ® da¯ � ? ringz]° ��± :0k ? u�²�³�´ �g�)µo¶+· :�j

• Clusfit cutN�O�� < *[P�# HZQ $a%�M HIT ��P)^ PMT M ?a¸9¹�º�»)d�¼t½���¾ º6»Ez+�6�:�j;k � d � : PMT?

HIT� Ja�Zn����'l6m W0© :�k ? ��� B P-r�s d \]*�w 2

� ?Rº;»�W�� � � .�¿ < * :�k ?�©;�ÁÀ � ���"��°¨Â :�j v ?RÃ�d \�*Äw ? HITz

�§�X��q�� k�ÅgÆ E# H�Q $�%)1 z N�O���± :)j \ ?t© Å W N�O�� < *�P�# H�Q $% 1 �)Ç ²�È�É9Ê (ID

?�Ë � w 2m=�Ì

) �0� B P�r�s d \ ? ���'lom z+�Í�g�Ä� j• Gamma cut}[Î�Ï �[Ð H�Ñ9Ò6W ÓEqZ� u d SK Ô�lZ% ? Ê�Õ d PMT

?�Ö�� 1 ��× � w � : γ Ø® ? #o$-%9Ù ��Ú l & u À � ��Û s zZÜ � :Rj v ?RÃtW-d ��� N9O9� < *EP)# H�Q $% 1�M direction

z h9i�� d SK Ô0lZ% ?�Ì Õ�ÝtÞ W�ß�° �-P9���'l6m � × Å � z+à� ± :�j9á WEÌ Õ�ÝtÞ W�ß�° ��P��Z�'lomâ�0� : r�s d 6.5MeV

=0ã �0� : r�s�u# H�Q $)%�1 ��Ë � w 450cm

="ÌRd6.5MeV

=0> �0� : r�s"u Ë � w 800cm=�Ì�?

r�s W \ ? �Z�6l'm z+���X��� j

Page 46: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � � H Ô+K�L 43

4.1.7 Final Reduction

=E>E?Reduction u d�C[D � w ? νe �Z�ol'm ? K�L W��[q : ÃtW�� � : cut ��� :)j

• Energy cut

7�8 ± :�� b��a1�2�3 H 465�l��Z�ol'm ? K�L ?�� � w d�� 8.0MeV=�>E?ZÎEÏ

�tÐ H�Ñ�Ò�WaÓEq�� u Rn ®� ���� f�;? #�$�%�Ù �0Ú l & ?�Û s ��À � q M]���wg* :�j v ?)Ã�d�������? K�L[�0u 8.0MeV

=0ã�? ����lom z��[q : ,�W ��P j =ã�?��6��W[©;� d N�O�� < *�P Î�Ï �tÐ HZ� 8.0MeV ��� ? ���'l6m z]�Í���¨� j• cos θsun cut

�4.7 u d�� 8 �-P Reduction

z�� ��P�� d 8.0MeV=0ã�?9Î�Ï �;Ð H)ÑZÒ6? �Z�

lom z��[q P cos θsun

¤�¥�z�� � ��q :)jC�D � w ? νe �Z�ol'm£u dtF0G9H m I�J - �!�"�# W"©9B �%$'&�? �! z)(�* ± :Ã�d�F�GaH m�I-J ?�+�, ÝtÞ W.-�q�º6»�� � :Rj v ?)à \ ? νe /10 l6m_u d \ ?�2?43©?�Ñ�Ò�W�5�6 ��7 q :�j�Æ Ý νe /10 l'm£u d � 8 ± : © Å W98: Æ<; W�¤�¥± :)j v ?�Ã�d9C[D � w>= · ± : νe /10 l'm �@?ACB�DFE1G uIH© M9J© G�Ñ�Ò �0�E j � � �LKNM GPO�Q �Eu dRTS � w G νe /10 l'm z]�VUg�¨� Ã�W cos θsun ≤ 0.5G�Ñ�Ò

( H© )z��Eq9W j

SK 1260 days data(E ≥ 8MeV)

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2250

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1cosθsun

cosθsun < 0.5

① ②

24.7: SK 1260days cos θsun distribution

4.1.8 Reduction summaryX ãGZY)[�\�]'^ l z�� � W � G /.0 l6m z]d.�9���_GPO<Q'`��[q�Eba9c�dfe Ô�gÄl�h�Ci ± E jNj W d1klY�[�\�]m^ l�n1oZp�h�irq 5 � W /104s'tvu `%w�q 7.x 4.1`�� ±%y

Page 47: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � d e Ô O�Q 44

Reduction step numer of events for data numer of events for MC

After real time selection 164771273 1533207

First reduction

Fidutial Volume cut 29528788 1103678

Time different cut 23248492

OD trigger cut 21711646

Electronic noise cut 21636900 1103678

goodness cut 21077368 1088997

Flasher cut 15249791 1085178

Spallation cut

Spallation cut 10797241 21% dead time

Second Reduction

New goodness cut 2910763 10.2% cut

Cherencov ring pattern cut 2183473 12.5% cut

Clusfit cut 1497559 1.8% cut

Gamma cut 267996 9.6% cut

lowenergy final sample(E≥4.5MeV) 267996 591005

Final Reduction

Energy ≥ 8.0MeV 40781 346849

cos θsun ≤ 0.5 25004 258852a9c�dfe Ô)g s h)� 25004 258852

x 4.2:k YP[�\�]4^ s n1omp@h�irq 5 /10's4tvu

Page 48: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � d e Ô O�Q 45

4.2 ��� ������ �� ������������������� ���2

4.7G H© G�Ñ�Ò�� �RTS �"! G

νe /10'smt �%?<ACB�D_E�Ñ9Ò �0� E ii$# `%�'&Í�G n)(+* e]'^ sP/.0ms't � q 5 ��7), E iA��� ! DTERÑZÒ�-/.�E y �106� � q32�74, Ei6587 ! DNE n/(9* ef]'^ s�/�04sCt `%w ,7 � � u4:<;>= G ?4@�?BA # w spallation

products C%DFENiHGI2�7$, E iJ5'7 ! D���K�D ! AJLVUNM"OLG'�1P'Q'`>RTSI-/.9E y/U GÃ)���9�1�<-/� H© G�ÑZÒ'G /10'smt ATV/W 7 ] Ù XZY ��w j UrR�S 0 ! G νe

`8[1E /.0s t i]\/^`_ �<R�S 0 ! G νe aZb p \ n G�ãZc d3Afehg�W y 2 4.8

�i�FK�D ! G�ÑZÒ(a

c d e Ô�g s h Y )G9Î�Ï YtÐ e n$j \ t Y -k. E y

10-3

10-2

10-1

1

10

8 10 12 14 16 18 20MeV

even

ts/d

ay/0

.5M

eV

cosθsun ≤ 0.5

24.8:

acfdfe Ô)g s hiY GZÎEÏ Y"Ð e n>j \ t YlZm �on/p)qCB�DfWvisible

ÎEÏ Y;Ð e : r m � 1 s t WCUu� 0.5MeV.�WZU�G /�0msCt* e t A x V

j W%�FK.G�Ñ9Ò'` Ó8v9E n/(+* e]'^ s�/.0'smt `�w ,7 G 5iw ��x�y)M%z'G1{8| � `w ,�7 � �Z} V_E y

4.3 Detector simulation

4.3.1 B8 ~��/���4��� ���3�k�I��'� RTSZ�d Y ` �Iv�Eo�4�%e t YT� a)b p \ n `@w ,<7 � ;3� Gi�)� d'� n'j \ t YC 5�64VTE C �@�����_` � ,<7 � 1998 � ` J.H.Bahcall,Sarbani Basu,M.H.Pinsonneault`I[ 2@7i�x B�DTW �'� RTS/�1d Y � BP98 [21]A%� , E y K.G BP98

`h[1E 8B�8�<e

t Y%�1G n$j \ t Y A x_ W�G C 2 4.9-/.�E y

Page 49: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � d e���O�Q

46

1

10

10 2

10 3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Energy(MeV)

/cm

2 /sec

/keV

24.9: 8B

�<�%e t Y � a/b p \ n GP?�A)dBP98(Bahcall-Pinsonneault ’98)

A1� , W 8B�<�1e t Y ��G n'j \ t Y y l)m �>�h�<e

t Y%����� Y�� e (MeV): r m � a'b p \ n (/cm2/sec/keV )A x V

4.3.2 νe + p → e+ + n crossection and cos θ distribution

n e�fe���� � s d������4-<G νe /.0_s't �6���<$F&.G �! A���e�� p t i$_ W �o�Pet Y%� - !�"# -k��� O � free proton

A��1e�� p t i$_ W X�� G�(��4�νe + p → e++ n

n + p → d + γ(2.2MeV )

[ U � � VTE y KPG�( �<� <!�"<# `�!)W>�"$#FG "<#�%'&�(8C') 100 * (at 10MeV)�+�

$�&<G�, !Ii S ! G�-�. A 5'/ `�0 D 7�#�) 20 *`#21/� B�D_E /104s t C & , y43�5$6-4�P.Vogel i J.F.Beacom

`h[ 2�7 e�g ! D W�798 %:&9( �'x<y ��� S',�;'G�<$=�>@?A1� , E [22]y 2

4.10�i� K@G'A�B C `8[ 2�7 e g ! D�W νep

G�7 8�D &$( i �:0�E _ Wνe iN���9_ W e+ G:F�G�<�>9? (cos θ)

-/. E yKPG�2 0 ! �8�%e t Y �.G��9� Y�� e C u MeV-/� � � � VTE e+

� �<��e t Y1�.G'0E$H�I i ( J'`$��E<G�`�J _ ��K u MeV-/��(4LhVTENM C > 0 E y K�Dk�$�4�%e t Y1� -,$;�798�G�O�P iRQ G E+M 0 ! �RTS 0 ! G νe /104smt i�S�T V_E+M�G@�UZEVXW G�YZ -k. E y

j Wi�"K)KT- ��� V_E e+ G���� Y�� e)�Ee+ = Eν − 1.293 − α

ifG E y K)K - α�i� �

1 [$\�] i e+ G ��� _ W'< ='`8[1E+^4_�->�BKPG αG+`9a+A2b

_ W�c C�d 4.11 i+d 4.12-8.�e yIU�f�g�f �

0 [�\$] (Ee+ = Eν − 1.293)� �

1 [�\$]A1� , W νe i e+c ��� Y�� e9c�h�ikA x _+j/, e y �

0 \9] -/� νe

c��@� Yk� e/� e+

c���� Y�� e9`+J _�j ; l -k.�e C � �1 \$] -4��m C U6ANn w�M C > 0 e y'3@5�6 c]�%� * e�]'^ s -/�i�FK�c �

1 \�] `8[4e e+c��@� Y�� e � cos θ

>�?)�:798 %�&$( A6�, e y

Page 50: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � d e������

47

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20MeVCrossection

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20MeVCostheta distribution

d 4.10: crossection & cos θ>�?

� c d � �4� _�� e+ c�<9=FA ( > _+j F�G�� _�� νepc�7 8 %'&�( [10−42cm2]:

� c d �0$E _�� νe ���9_� e+c�F G�<�=$>�?

(< cos θ >)A x V y

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14ν–

e energy(MeV)

e+ ene

rgy(

MeV

)

d 4.11: 0th order output positron energy

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14ν–

e energy(MeV)

e+ ene

rgy(

MeV

)

d 4.12: 1st order output positron energy

Page 51: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � ��� ����� 48

4.3.3 Expected ��� � ���� }_ � 8B�8� � t� ��c� j � t Y �'x y�798 %4&9( AT� , ��� !�� V/W j c 8B�I� ��� � � C νe

��� � _���� .4��� � � 8B�h� ��� � � C V)W j νe

c����SK���� _ ��� .kc�7 8 �kc�,$;)�$xhy"!�,9;�c �)� j#��� Y A%$ _��# c C@d 4.13

-k.�e'&

1

10

10 2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16visible Energy(MeV)

even

ts/d

ay /M

eV /2

2.5k

ton

νee- → νee

-ν–

ep → e++n

d 4.13: 1)� � f e �)� j �(� YK:c d$C bkVB[�) � � νe *,+�- � � νe *+.- � � !)W��F[ / V W G visible

��� Yk�0�A � V�eNM C > 0 e1&� � � 8B�o� ��� � � C " j νe

�2� � _ �3 c a>b54 � � � }"_ � 7�8 %&4( � cos θ>

?<AJL�/7698�:N�����kc5;��1� *%� ;�< - A2= , �5� !2� �?> Y5� � � %@�A c ReductionA 0 v � ��c4�@� Y��5� j#�B� Y A d 4.14� bkV9&

4.4 CEDGF H�IKJGLNMPO QKR SUTWVNXGY[Z]\_^[IG`baKcd � c � � � � �"e�x�y�;��i� f � ;�< - A%��g � �'� dkc ��� �ZA�h � e/�8� ��� �� � d�� c \)^ e• i"�Wjlk #m -on9p Lrq e�s�)ot i�u � ��v - �7w nyx• z ! j c i"� n K�>�VXW�g• {�|.w nW}�e$O�~ wo�B� q• �#�,���0� ;w ��g ��� . � e z !��W��� U q�e 7�5� � f e p ,�;h�8� ��� � �5� � 4 � 9c �5�� w�� ��� &y��c'��� w b�� � c n d 4.15 k�� e'&

Page 52: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � ��� ����� 49

10-3

10-2

10-1

1

10

10 2

8 10 12 14 16 18 20Energy(MeV)

even

ts/d

ay /0

.5M

eV

cosθsun ≤ 0.5

d 4.14: Expected�� �����

8B�)� �K� � � n q�� j νe

��� �B� � �� � j � -�� �� ;��%� f � ; < - w =rg1eq�� j c Reduction w ��� � � c���c k�� e�&������ visible��� ���0� e������ *,+�-� f ���?w $�q9&

Page 53: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � ��� ����� 50

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

8 10 12 14 16 18 20Energy(MeV)

Upp

er li

mit

(%

: 9

0%C

L)

1.75%

d 4.15: z !5�(�+c νe

� � 4 � @c ���������� 1�� � f � ��� � �0� :����� z ! jlki�4� � � 8B

,�;������ �K� ��� n " j νe

�� �B�7e8B��� � � �� c9�� �(� �rw��� � � �9� �� �o� � � � �� � ��� . � 1

� � f e *+�- ����w���� � e SK k�1�� � f � *,+�- ���.w ��g j �$c�� �9� (90%CL)w�y� � �"�l�

Page 54: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � ����� ��� 51

��� c���� k �Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(

8B) ≤ 1.75%(90%CL)

≤ 1.77%(95%CL)

g.)���� w�� � &[ � e�� ������� - � � �� - ��� �� ������� - � ��w ��� 4 � � -�� � �,� ���w�� g1e��@A�c�� �%x�W�c���� w�� � � � e� "! n ��# t e $&% ��',��(*)yw%�r� e+��-,K�'g �"�l� w%� � e1&�" � �&��� -.� � �0/ � j ��� 4 � � -�� � � �'c w $K� � c n d 4.16 k�� e�& @lA �d 4.17

� ��-��1� � ������0� -�� � ��/ q�e ��c w $�� j g e'&

1

10

10 2

10 3

10 4

8 10 12 14 16 18 20

IDEntriesMeanRMS

100 25004

9.320 1.216

Constant 15.45Slope -0.7841

d 4.16: Fitting for final sample�� ������� -+� � �2/ q�e5�� 4 � � -�� :� ���visible

$"% �3'0� (MeV)e�� ��� *+.- � � w $�q

energy spectrum

1

10

10 2

10 3

10 4

8 10 12 14 16 18 20

IDEntriesMeanRMS

100 433476

10.03 1.501

Constant 0.3936E+05Mean 8.262Sigma 2.415

d 4.17: Fitting for MC sample

��- �&� � ���&�0� -+� � �2/ qke��� 4� � -�� :

�����visible

$&% �3'0� (MeV)e

����� *,+W- � ��w $�q� c 2

x�c���� 4 � � -+� ���&� �(��e ��� � f e *0+.- � � c��4"5�6 ��7 8 �?e���-,K�'g �"�l� c�$&% �3'0�2(�)yw%� ��� ��c n d 4.18 k�� e1&� c d s / e�� ��, ��g ����� w a39�e�$% �3'5�2(*) � 12.4MeV ∼ 13.2MeV g);: n�< �3= � &#� � e � c>$&% ��'"��? � 0.8MeV kr� / e ��@ � � ���� c"$% �

',��? �.A�B k�� = � : n < � e1&� c�$&% �C'5��? ��D �@e ���l� �Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(

8B) ≤ 1.54%(90%CL)

k � e1&

Page 55: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � ����� ��� 52

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Best bin is

12.4MeV - 13.2MeV

Lower bin

Hig

her

bin

d 4.18:� � ,K�og ���l� c�$&% �C'5�2(�)

�����>$% ��'"��(3) c � � e�� ��� ��� w $�� e� #����MC /

�&4�5�6 w 7 8 ����� � final sample w $ �"g���&

4.5 ���� ^�� ��R�� ������� � S I��! "#+@ �$�s&%'�e ���(*) � �,+ � � ' ��e.-0/214365798 � 5;:�g spallation products'ys<�>=@?BA � ��C�+ED ( F�G fH)JILK +BMONP+EQ ) n9R � �S�g��UT 719�� � �WVy�&5X e �*� MBN,+YQ[Z ' � ? Q q��\5 k �0t]3 e��"4_^tB`\a w�� gJ� � T>'�s�=�@b�52c!d5 F�G f;)*IPK +�MONP+LQ nBR � ��g��.55� w2e ��$BV

1.-.�.�*fd''e+��g(g) ���,+ � � w�� g90e.h1$% ��' ) MONL+PQ T��&5 # 200 i dj '

SK ��+ A.'���k �$�l_m�� µ MBNP+,Q TS5<n�o <*p w T>�>V2. 159(*) � �0q 200 igr j '��ds&t9u k k_$ µ n q �* � C*+,QHv � �w��95 k q&xy 52z�w

µ��6K��{9��t�� �g| t �2t&wBV��<5 X ' �g+O}>~ (g) ���,+ � � w0�O� �Oq

1T2�W�U'

µT5\n*o06 <*p w T0�>V� 5 ��+B}0~ (*) ���@+ � � �0q µ

T�5>x y wS� �\$ � '�=d) � ?BA F T;n*o��&����&� T���2V � � �25 � �Y�� $0��$ � '2qU� +O}W~ (*) ���E+ � � � SK59(�) ���� 'y�W��� � q r � 5��J%S�>�9� ��� w�� :U'��.=>0l�m>� µ

T;n�o>x y 5�z�w(�) ���@+ � � TS���2V(a) �&���Ev � $>$&%.� ' )\� 5.0MeV r �&� q&�&�����U5W� ( ��� � 2m r j 5 M9N+,Q ) 5 M.N,+LQ �B¡@¢ A Q �U�>VY£ � �25 MBN,+PQ 5�¤LT;uPbS�W¥Y¦9' � - � �

Page 56: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � (g) ����� 53

Rn� 5���� �� '��O� M9N,+PQ qY-\$� F ,+�¢ FB�� � � � �J3S� γ

�_'��� M.N,+PQ T�7�9@� � �9$��Wq µT�5<n�o�x y �>z�w9V

(b) � '�q�=d) ?BA F�����@��� w<.�9�*�&� j '����B�U�WV(c)��g(g)�� �E+ � �d'��q µ

T�5On*oWx y ��� '��>$ spallation cut ��� �<w��5 � q@£B5B(�)�� �,+ � �d'��0���\�J%�' spallation cut �>�� �2V3. !#" (*)���$ +&% ��5On<o 6 <&p T�� +9}>~ (�)#��$ +&% ��5On�o�6 <*p 5�6 � T��:P'���' q(3$%\� ' )2:�)d5 M9NE+,Q '>x y 5+*J��l_m.� µ

5 � ��, ���BVL£ �� !�" (*)#�-$ +.% ��' R�/ �;*wJ��q F\G ¢ )*IUK +WMBNP+LQ '��O�=,?.A10&� C+PD 5 � TH�&2 � *J��VL£&£ � q 100 i�� � 200 i 59oJ' <*p �;*wJ� MONL+PQ �>F3 )W�5476WA8�B)YT��H:9Jw&*wJ�>VY£ � �<;4.1 � 7�8_' ��� �UT q F&G@¢ )&IPK+WMONY+,Q �\�g¤=Wz�3 �C=0<w��.n*o-> � *g��T�7�9Y� � � � � � *J�2V

£ � �5 �8� '��>=0 , �P� � $O(�)�� ��? �>$&5\��@ 4.19� *J�WV,£B5#@95

(A)�

!" (*)���$ +&% �g5 # 200 i 5 µ5<n<o06 <&p q (B)

�g� +O}W~ (*)���$ +&% �@T µ5n&o26 <&p q7A7� (C)

�0q100 i�� � 200 i 5 M9NL+PQB�@�0F 3 ).�74760A�B)*'C9JwBq

(A) � � (B)526 ��D =O$��B5 � *E' q !�" (�)#�F$ +&% ��' R/ �*wJ� F�G@¢ )IgK +2M.Nd+YQ � ;G�;9wJ�2V<£ � � 5�@H��q DL(µ

5FIHJ TK($"%0� ' ) M.Nd+YQ 52=�) ?BA F T5&L�M )

�2000cm r j 5��05*'CNJw<&O8PQ�S&w��WV

� ' µ�.I<kR��$-S

100 igr j 5O(*)+� � 9gw<0q !8" (g)#�<$ +.% ��'-TL- � � F\G¢ )*IPK +WMBNP+,Q 5�U8V (%)T q�$&%.� ' )YT25Wx y ��? �>$&5\��@ 4.20

� *g�>VP£5@��W' qX(C$"%.� ' ) M9NL+PQ 5>$"%.� ' ).�+# 3 �J�<'CN � q F�G@¢ )&ILK +WM9NL+Q 5-U#Vg�+# 3 ����TwP% :��XY�9��2VL£ � ��q1(�w"$"%O� ' )&ZH[ � � Rn� 5����8��\&�d'��B�=E?WA0\� C<+YD �W1dw X ' F\G]¢ )JIdK +>MBNP+LQ 5<U�V��&( 36�J��:@�'^]�_ v � �WV`1aE£B5 �8� '���=WOq>#�w�$&%.� ' )�Z[_5�bU�.=]?WA80<� C�+PD �Wq

spallation products'��9� MBNP+PQ � *g��:�� < � =.$WV->$q

DLT 5Hx y � ;c�H$+�5O��@ 4.21

� *<�SVH� � � q<£H5H@ � � �JT q DL�

2500cmT qDL5�d#eO�W�

(�.�O�B� j 5gfJO5�ZX[

)� � FOG,¢ )\I*K +SMWNU+UQ 5�UHV�� 100% �h 9<i�0-�=W*wJ�WV+j#kY� � �<l�mUT��8�0q � 5 3

N*�&n�oL� � �WV1. p ����q#r_^.s@��N�t2. , ��� � ( !#" (�)��-$ +&% �d'�TY- � � F&G]¢ )JI,K +2M9N,+PQ 5 �+u �WqP£05 �TwvXxy�;�z#{d'-|itWw � 2

N�5<} � T-~<�U'g�:��� , �@���+�<w+~ X '��1q���}��|ctWw.V3.(�)7�����Ln�'X9dw �g��~C�_) DHC1�1� qU-&$+���14 Q2C1�1� 'Bq���� � 5.���<�*�~>V

Page 57: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � (g)�� ��� 54

(A)final data sample

0250050007500

10000

x 10

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

IDEntriesMeanRMS

110 5012738

99.72 57.80

DT(sec)

(B)random data sample

0200040006000

x 10 3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

IDEntriesMeanRMS

210 50

100.0 57.69

DT(sec)

(C) (A)-Scaled(B)

0

2000

4000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

IDEntriesMeanRMS

310 5012788

50.13 58.02

DT(sec)

@4.19:

(����.���<) MONL+PQ T l�m�� µT�5<n<o�}� p

(A) !8" (g)���$ +&% ��5 # 200 i 5 µ5On�o-}�� p , (B)

� +9}>~ (*)��F$ +X% �g5#200 i 5 µ

5\n*oF}�� p , (C) 100 i�� � 200 i 5 MBNP+LQ �,�>F 3 )B�74W6WA1�9)<'9gw*$0q(A)-(B)

5 � p V

Page 58: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � (g)�� ��� 55

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Energy(MeV)

Per

cent

age

of s

palla

tion

eve

nts

in f

inal

sam

ple(

%)

@4.20: F�G]¢ )&IPK +>MBNP+PQ 5<U#V4T ��O� �O)&5Wx y

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000DL(cm)

perc

enta

ge

All regionof SK

@4.21: !#" (J)��-$ +C% �U¦\5 F&G]¢ )�I,K +2M9N,+PQ 5�U8V (DT≤100sec)

��� DT (

( ���.� �\) M9N,+PQ 5B=�) ?.A F T6lUm�� µ5�IJd5CL1M

)q�� �

!#"(J)��-$ +C% �U¦O5 F&G]¢ )JI,K +2M9N,+PQ 5�U8V

Page 59: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � (g)�� ��� 56

2'.N&wH�8� R�� �9�E������ � �E�.~ �d���Sk�� � �>$WV�-0$�q 3

'.N&wH�0qDL5Fd

e�5>zdw&n&o�}� p (@

4.22) �S� $UT9£��q� ���dw�������*8~<��� � � �.$WV

(C) (A)-Scaled(B)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

@4.22: DL

'�d7e ��� k&�<w��#VU5-(����.���\) MONY+,Q T l_m � µT25<n<o&}�� p���

(����.���9) MBNP+LQ T l�m�� µ

T�5On*oF}Jq � � � �E�����g$ F\G]¢ )&IYK +M.N,+PQ 5 �

�+� q@£B5On*o�}� p �.f�� spallation products (���8d�C\��

)'��H~ MBNP+PQ '���0��~��05�/YT ��~dT6q�n*o\��������~\'.N��+� M9NP+,Q � � p\e 8�����~H�� � *�~>V� � � q#@ 4.22 �H� ~�T q 0 ig� ��� 50 i! B�+ �8� p.e�" �*�W~���#�#�qA�#FS�� 100$!% � #9o �&('*),+ ��- � � �<w+~/. %0 q 50

$ � � 100$ #&o 21�3Y� �@£H�C���8��\&�R�5476 0 �0qE£<��� �,8 0 � � � � 0 .P£9#&��� ��: ~<; q

1. =!> *?(@(A7 �:~2B�[email protected] C @ 4.24 �� v�6#� � � ~g��D }5�Wz�w�.

2. &�'*),+ C &('E)*+ #On*o�}!�"GF > ��$ )C% �7# &('H)H+ C &('H)H+ #On<oF} � ;G� 0 #.�+@ 4.25

� *8~0�0qJIK � 0 l�m1� �,8 0 � � � � 0 .

3.I�Lg��~

µ#M7N�} �O�P �(Q!R � ;y� 0 #\��@ 4.26

� *+~�.�� �O�P � �,8 0 �� � � 0 .4.���.��� > �H~SBJR@

4.27 T @ 4.29��( ��O� � > &�'*)E+ # ��O� � > #�BJR �:�C� � 0<UJV �

µ C ( ��B� � > &�'H)*+ #�MWN&}���X � *+~�YZXq#r�[\ #<; ��B� � > #�]�R

Page 60: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � F > � ��� 57

(C) (A)-Scaled(B)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

@4.23: SK

� )�@ # �d� � 5m ��� # &�'*)E+�� 9�R 0 (���O� � > &'E)*+ C UJV �µ C #M7N�}��X

�9�*��� � #W���J# &�'E)H+�� 9�RH��RW~

(C) (A)-Scaled(B)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

@4.24: SK

� )�@ #*¦� � � ��� � 5m% � # &'E)*+�� 9 R 0 (����.� � > &�'*)E+

C UJV � µ C #M7N�}��X�9�*��� � # � �J# &�'E)H+�� 9�RH��RW~

Page 61: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � F > � ��� 58

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000sec

@4.25:

( ���O� � > &�'*)H+ C &('*)E+ #<}��� � $

� � � &�'H)E+ � � ;��(.

run1742(0-5sec)

0250050007500

10000

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

run5204(0-5sec)

02000400060008000

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

run8656(0-5sec)

0

5000

10000

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

@4.26:

�run N7R��# UJV � µ

#WMWN&}���X� @��

SK# F > �<���������CSWZ+@� !�� # run

Z5A��<�� Y¦�##@H�#AW#J¦�N�#�M�� �� R��##@ � � � U V � µ

#&I�LR� 0 M7N C �H I�L � 0 µ C #M7N�} �7X , A 3 >���0$ � � 5

$ % � � ;G�<��RW~ � � � &�'*),+ �

Page 62: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � F > � ��� 59

��� � ����� � � ��� � � 0 . %�0 ZX(!R ���0� � > N�R����5��� # ���0��� > N�R����7X Y� � �<R C RED � � ���RC� Y � � ~�.

9MeV > Energy ≥ 8MeV

0

1000

2000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

10MeV > Energy ≥ 9MeV

0500

10001500

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

11MeV > Energy ≥ 10MeV

-2000

200400600

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

@4.27:

��O� � > #/BJR �� ~ UJV � µ C( ��O� � > &�'H)E+ #WMWN&}���X 1

12MeV > Energy ≥ 11MeV

-200

0

200

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

13MeV > Energy ≥ 12MeV

-1000

100200

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

14MeV > Energy ≥ 13MeV

0

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

@4.28:

���.� � > #�B!R �� ~ U V � µ C( ���.� � > &'H)E+ #�MWN&}�7X 2

15MeV > Energy ≥ 14MeV

-50

0

50

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

16MeV > Energy ≥ 15MeV

-250

2550

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

Energy ≥ 16MeV

-20

0

20

40

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)

@4.29:

���O� � > #�B!R � ~ U V � µ C (�� �.� � > &'E)H+ #�M7NF}�7X 3

� ����� � �8� ��� � 0 YZ���� � �����W~�£ C Y��/L � � � 0 .� � � Z�����Y 50$ ��� 100

$ #�N *�~�� ' � YG' *�~ C j#k � ��~�# � Z#9 RW~F > � � 0

$ ��� 50$ #WN7#��(# e�� � Z � � � D F!" F > �-$ ).% �d¦ T % �~ A��]¢ >�� � )�&�'H)E+ #�U#V C DL

#"! # ��$ 0 C £��<Z5@ 4.30# � D%� ��XGY'&

� � 0 .

Page 63: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � F > � ��� 60

% K ��q��:} ��$ �i�g��WR��R<��Z'� ��� 50$ ��� 100

$ # ��X #F����Y������7t-�WR�R-� ��� O<P Y�*8~S; ���� � ����8�1*8~9Y9Z���� � # �1� ����� � Z conservative����� C � � DL=2500cm

# F > � � 9�R�Z !H"�F > ��$ ).%���� # A���� >���� )/&(')J+ #FU�V ��� � �W~ C 78.9% � � (90%CL)

Y A���� > � � )S&('H),+ �8*8~ ��Y �����0 .��F� ��� �C� ���� � �!�"���1*�~(YZ�#"$%� � # νe

4!& ?(@(A # � e(' C ���Z

Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(8B) ≤ 0.95%(90%CL)

� & 0 .��!� �:9�R 0 ��� � � > Z[5� 8.0MeV� � 20.0MeV

�8*�~�. %�0 Z�) �< qr�Y�* � � 0 �#VWZ���� � � > A,+ @ +-�/.J 0�1 �W~ �!Y 2"3%��Z��g�"4<�8S #�5 P �*#~�.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000DL(cm)

perc

enta

ge

All region

of SK

@4.30: !�"�F >�6 $ ).% �7� # A�8� > � � )�&',)*+ #-UV (DT≤50sec)

��� DT (

( ��� � � > &�'*)E+ # = >/9 ?�@(A C UJV � µ#�IJ!#CL1M

)Z�� �

;:#"F >�6 $ )C%<��� # A��=� >���� )<&�'*)E+ #�U8V

4.6 >�?A@CBEDGFEH I J%KMLONEPRQ SMTVUXWZYXI [!\^]`_^aAbc?SK�G#

νe &�'*),+ 4 � �# � D � d��(ef)<��~�.

νe + p → e++ n

n + p → d + γ(2.2MeV )

��# g�h���4/Ze+ ��/i(&('E)H+ # 210µ

$%j 2.2MeV#

γ� �(i�&('*),+ Y(k�l��

i [23].�m�#<;7Z�n�op��# &('E)H+��rq!s �SL i � ��t Z 2 u # &('*),+ #M7N�v�Zpw �

=�>9 ?�@�A #px�y ! # ��z R i�{, ��|~} Z νe

# &'E) + C A ��� >���� )��H �,i

Page 64: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � F >�6 01 61

= ?(@�� &�� )�� ��� y=o Z νe &�'*)E+ � � ��� i { Y �<L i C���� ����i .7m�#�;�Z��� 42.2MeV

#γ � ��(i&�'*)H+ pu R }���� �S#���� #�� �GY ! i #��9Z�m�o } �#"�#� #�$ ��� = >/9 ?�@9A Y�%�& '�) �"i #p� ��(J) 9*) ��+ ��,"- � >���� ) ��z R

} 4�6 0 .�#� Z SK

��4�.�/1032#4 �65 > Y�7 R#8:9<;>=@?"A3B � C~�D o } SLE D�E�tF�7i =�GH3I ��z R�ZKJ � 0:2�4 �65 I3L ' � M } R i�N 2000 O 1 P3�#� ? L '�4RQ12#4 �65 I3.5MeV

?�S#T>0 �/i 8�9<;�=U0�V�o } 50%?����6W ! YX Rn ��Z*[#\ ��]�^_0 �,i 7` 2*4 �a5 I ?:b<c�d � &*�*; � ?#8:9�;_= � I =eW�f�W ��t�X ) � 0 L '_gKf�M i { W2�3!� ! i"Nh

4.314 Xi( ; 9�) � + �j,�- � I ��� ;�0 ��|�} SK 6 ;�d�? ��k ��kpl )il*m 2.2MeV�b I 9 c�dFnFo*p D 2#4 �a5 I o#p>g�e�o } ` i"N q m7��?:r I 6 0 u ` }sX:��� ?K24 �15 I3L '_gR% �6t"i =�G H*I#u ,"- � I 6 I g z ` }:X�v ?�� �w?3839_;�=xW#839_;= D o }Ky�z ) ��i �1g�ecoFm#? W h 4.32 { ! i�N k%l )�l6m 43150

8�9�;<=U?}|�~ X=�G H�Iju ,�- � I#u>� ;sg�=oRm j ?#8:9�;_=���4 254839_;<= { ! �Xs��� ? Ls� 0� � i 2.2MeVγ

0"V t7i �#�74 0.59% { ! | m N�s� {F�3�6� � �>g X 2001 O 0R��� t"i KamLAND �3� g��3�w0�6� i�N KamLAND ���{ ? νe

8:9�;�=@?�g!hw� Xνe + p → e++ n

n + p → d + γ(2.2MeV )

{ ! �X SK Di��� { ! i�Njq m���? 2.2MeVγ8:9>;_=�0RV t�i � ��� 100% { ! i ? {FX

KamLAND D SK?��3�*^ � X�� IK� cw= DR��iK� Tw?���� �e¡ 5%

?�� ��W �#��{ ! iD@¢ � n6� ��i�N m�?"£ X =:G H�I�u ,"-a¤ I*ua� ;3g��¥ � ` ( ;�¦ )F§ + ?3r I � �� X LF� W 2.8MeV ¨ ©3{ ! ��t �:? � �>gRª�m t}D ` | { WKo � | m N m#«�o X_¬a $�1?"­ ` b I ¦<c�dFnF%#& 'w?#® +*�3¯K° g:±<k t���t�Xa¬1e²´³ ?#8:9�;_=µg y z �¶ii·6¸s\ W*! iaD �*� � �"i�N¨*© ?�¹�º �<� X:��� ? LK� { � 2.2MeV

?γ � 8K9_;<=»g z ` i ? ��¼=o ` N � � �<�?�½ ¾ D o }KX

• ¿ 032#4 § 5 I:Ls� gKf�M i• ¬1 $ �w?�À ` b I ¦}c�d:n:%�& 'w?*® +*�#¯:° g:±pk t"i•����Á���Â3?38s9�;�= ¤ I =e� �@à Ä�Å �Æ#Ç 839�;<=Èg ¢ �fn YX ��?�É�Êw0 �� i b}cKd �#¯ �*; � gµ�a� i

�av ? { W�!#M_� ��i�N LF� 0 u ` } � X 2000 O 7 P �<��n I�Ë�I )1,µÌ�) ;ir*?�ÍwcR®� ¤ I �"D o }FX�Î ?�V#Ïw?�Ð�Ñ X#Ò �"Ó�Â:? d_G I ;µÔ<giÕ ` X Rn � ? Z�[�\�Ö#×�Øg�Ù3Ú D�Û�Ü f M i £ XÝC@Þ � qK{�ß '_�"¶ iaD �*� i�N

Page 65: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � r I � É�Ê 62

x

050

100150200250300350

-1000 0 1000

IDEntriesMeanRMS

11 43150

-5.890 658.9

y

050

100150200250300350

-1000 0 1000

IDEntriesMeanRMS

12 43150

-4.925 644.1

z

0

50

100

150

200

250

-1000 0 1000

IDEntriesMeanRMS

13 43150

4.898 797.0

Energy

1

10

10 2

10 3

10 4

0 2 4 6 8 10

IDEntriesMeanRMS

100 43150

1.090 0.7229

5%

h4.31: 2.2MeVγ

? ( ;�¦ )s§ + u ,F-_¤ I*u>� ;F?�o�p� © ? h ��%�& ' ¥ � m�b I ¦<c�dFn*? x ��Þ����1© ? h ��%�& ' ¥ � m�b I ¦acKd:n�?y � Þ�� � f*? h ��%#&�'<¥ � m�b I ¦�c�d:n ? z � Þ���� f*? h ��%#&�'<¥ � m 2#4 §5 I n�ad = §

Page 66: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�4 � r I � É�Ê 63

x

0

5

10

15

20

25

-1000 0 1000

IDEntriesMeanRMS

21 254

10.65 328.5

y

02468

101214161820

-1000 0 1000

IDEntriesMeanRMS

22 254

-36.32 267.3

z

05

1015202530

-1000 0 1000

IDEntriesMeanRMS

23 254

11.04 361.1

Energy

1

10

0 2 4 6 8 10

IDEntriesMeanRMS

101 254

3.559 0.4795

h4.32:

=�G H#I*u ,"-�¤ I#ua� ;:gµ� oRm j ? 2.2MeVγ? ( ;¦ )F§ + u ,�-�¤ I�u1�;�?�ojp

� © ? h ��%�& ' ¥ � m�b I ¦<c�dFn*? x ��Þ����1© ? h ��%�& ' ¥ � m�b I ¦acKd:n�?y � Þ�� � f*? h ��%#&�'<¥ � m�b I ¦�c�d:n ? z � Þ���� f*? h ��%#&�'<¥ � m 2#4 §5 I n�ad = §

Page 67: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

64

�5 � � �

� - I =FG��FW ¨ fj?�� X• � ���F{ n��*;W�� � t���¬ | �����6( I�� ;<=Èg����• ���� ? � � W�!*o#" Ü `• ×#Ø g$�<~ X % �<g�& � t• '�(3¯�)+* Tgªwm t+�,�-. �� �<�0/#¶ t1�1D32#4 ¥�5 � ��S�T ��6 I =:G��:W X 8B

��6 I =:G�K?3n �wd}= § g87#�:9�m q q<;>=?- /#¶ t��1D$@A m �, ?�B ¯ c�d:n�g X n I�Ë1IDCE Ì C�F r 1260 G�H�I>J rLK � g�M ` N É�ÊO9Rm?P3�DQ Xj¨ f H�¬ | � ¹ º XΦ(νe)/ΦBP98(

8B) ≤ 1.75%(90%CL)

≤ 1.77%(95%CL)

WSR �$5�mSTU�V>W H ¹�ºa� X+XY>qK{�Z �[5 N�` �.\ n^]`_ E c1]baΦ(νe)/ΦBP98(

8B) < 3.5%(95%CL) [10]

g ¿#c6td� n H {�e�� TnfK Ë K C E Ì C�F r H rfK �+�>-�gwq 5 � a spallation products -�¬`� b<c�d#h ¯iFkj g�lfm1n �`o#p g.M `#N É#ÊO9"m:¹�ºa � MeV

�<�3!��MeV HDqfr §1s K�t#u -� ` N ��v#w t�x N H b cKd�h ¯Li Fyj{z � H spallation products -6¬D� n�| ¤ K u��F�} \ F ] {fe�� P ` |�~ z o6�1�Fm�T

� H � � { � e� z a�l>m�nFn>| ¤ K ua��F�} \ F ] Hi¢ � n�� z�� 9��?P t��:� ����a � � � H νe

B ¯��.� n H ©>� � � ¨f�fH ����aΦ(νe)/ΦBP98(

8B) ≤ 0.95%(90%CL)P �L� T

Page 68: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

65

� � � �

[1] R.Davis,Jr. et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.,20,1205(1968)

[2] The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 1562-1567

[3] John N. Bahcall, Phys.Rev.C56:3391-3409,1997

[4] L.Wolfenstein, Phys.Rev.D17(1978)2369, D20(1979)2634.

S.P.Mikheyev and A.Yu.Smirnov, Sov.J.Nucl.Phys. 42(1985)913

[5] cisneros,Astrop.Space.Sci.10(1971)87

[6] L.B.Okun,M.B.Volosin and M.I.Vysotsky,Sov.J.Nucl.Phys.44(1986)440

[7] J.Pulido,Phys.Rep.211(1992)167.

J.Schechter and J.W.F.Valle, Phys. Rev. D24(1981)1883

[8] C.S.Lim and W.J.Marciano, Phys.Rev.D37(1988)1368

[9] E.Kh.Akhmedov,Phys.Lett.B213(1988)64;Sov.phys.JETP68(1989)690

[10] E.torrente-Lujan,Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.87:504-505,2000

[11] J.F.Beacom and P.Vogel, Phys.Rev.Lett.83:5222-5225,1999

[12] A.I.Derbin et al., JETP Lett.57,768(1993)[Pis’ma Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz.57,755(1993)]

[13] D.A.Krakauer et al,Phys.Rev.Lett. B252(1990)177

[14] A.M.Cooper-Sarkar et al., Phys.Lett.B280,(1992)153

[15] Georg G.Raffelt,Phys.Rev.Lett. 64(1990)2856 ; Phys.Rep.198(1990)1

[16] E.Kh. Akhmedov, Talk at 4th Int Solar Neutrino Conf,Heidelberg,Germany,8-11

Apr1997, arXiv:hep-ph/9705451

[17] Joao Pulido and E.Kh. Akhmedov, Astropart.Phys.13:227-244,2000

[18] E.N.Parker in ”The Structure of the Sun”,proc. of the VI Canary Islands

School,Ed.Roca Cortes and F.Sanchez,Cambridge University Pres 1996 p.299.

[19] The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A421 (1999) 113-129

Page 69: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

�5 � ¹ V

66

[20] The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 458(2000)636-647

[21] J.H.Bahcall,Sarbani Basu,M.H.Pinsonneault,Phys.Lett.B433:1,1998

[22] P.Vogel and J.F.Beacom,Phys.Rev.D.60(1999)053003

[23] K.Inoue, Super-Kamiokande Note 94-07(1994)

Page 70: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

67

� �

U�V>W������� � -De� � a ² ³$H ���`H Ñ�����a3Ñ���� ��� Ü�� 9 T�� H<� ��� � NÑ�� �� 9"!�# � � T����$&%(' e���) !+*�,�-�. -�/ a10�K32LK54687�9 -+:�; � �=<�> �=? A N �A@ � �(B:�C'EDGF a�H�I�J1K - �#� N a�L�M -�N � � �P3aO HQP1R G�S BUTWVXF H5Y�Z D+[��� �"�G\ � 9 T�]^F`_�a�bO9 � � Tc�dEe�f -�. � /�gQh i�j "�k "�k�l(m�n ��6 K^]�_<��o�k�p1qsr F3t K H5u�v1-�/

R:G�S BUT "�wAx5y�z - D � � 9 T{�|�}�~�� a�������� � -�/ a�H�Ifa1� }dF3��� _��&��K���� F - �f� N v�� DS~ � $ AN �G\ � 9 T���C� -�.fas���E����-�.fa�� )E�1� -�.fa���� WE� -�.fa����A�3��-1.fa��E �¡�-1.a�1¢�£�¤1¥�-1.#a�¦3§E¨�� � aA© ª�«�¬ � aA­ �Q®E¯�° � a(± )�²+³ � a�´ d �1µ � a�¦��¶ ¯�° ��·Steven Dazeley

��·Luswig DeBraeckeleer

��·(¸ ��¹�º ��·(»E¼�½�¾ @ ¿ ·©5ÀEÁ ��· ©8À3 ��·�Ã�Ä=Å1Æ1��·�Ç ) ¹ ¾ @5¿ · c�dEÈ 7 @Q¿ ·3É1Ê�Ä � ¾ @+¿ ·�Ë �µ�Ì ��·�Í�Î�Ï�Ð1��·�É £�Ñ ��· � Ò ÆEÓ���·3Ô�Î ±ÖÕ ° ��·�× µ�Ø ��·�Ä�Ù8~���·�Ú�ÛÜ�Ý ��·�Þ�ß1à�á�â���· �Qã(äAå ��·�æ�ç�è���·AÄ5é «�ê ��·�ë �1ì1í �Aî / · VXF�ï YZ D8[�ðsñ�ò=ó \�ô�õ ö�÷ô8ö ·�ø�ù ïQú Ä�û ,�ü · £ � è ê�ü · dAý þ�ÿ ü ·��&Ä�� º ü ·�� ��� ü ·�� ����ü · ÄQÏ�Æ ü ·�Ú ����y @Q¿ ï�x1BE#�'�� õ�� p1q�.���ò�����������' \(ô�õ�ö�÷ � w1_�aõ�!"�Aô�#8÷$�% Ñ'&1-�.�ò /&g=h · i ½ � k)(+*�,�p�q"-�ï�.0/ î / H�I1L�M ·�1325476�8:9�· �;=< î:> �)! · O�ï P�v /3D�? î:> �@! [@A)BUò=ó \�ô�õ ö5÷c�d Ñ ¯E° C@D î'E�FHGJI K+L)2@MONQP < ïQL1M î:> �@! Y�Z D3[�R�S�ò"ó \�ô�õ+ö3÷©�T���U C)D î'E8·OF3G�I K+L:2@MONQP < ï L�M ·�V+W � MXP ���Y �Ö� 2 ��� P3î:> �

! · v /OZ5[�A"B�ò"ó \�ôõ+ö3÷[ Ä�\ � C)D ·�]0^`_)a C)D ·�É)bdc�e C�D ·�f@g�h � �Aî�E�FHG@I:KHL�2'MONQP < ï�ij î�> ��! kml ï�?Uò�nHoqp ô�õ+ö5÷r Ä Á�s C@D ·�ë't�u'v C"D · ±"w�¨ C@D ·yx"z ¨){ C�D ·O|�}�~�� C)D · �"� c O� ·� t"� UJ� ·'� £��)&�� · ¦ Ä`� � ·"� �"��û � · �'��� ¾=� ¿ · �� ¾�� ¿ ·O|ÖÄ��¾�� ¿ ·)��Ä Ì � ·�É �@� u � ·H�"}�� þ � ·H}1Ä Ü�� � î@E ·'� /�Z��3�3ð+� ! ó=� ôõQö3÷ô(ö ·O�1½ ��� (+*�,"�)�"-�ï�� %) �¡ ü · [ Ä`¢�£ ü ·O¤�¥ �@� ï�¦ Ä��'§ ü"¨ �1½)©

Page 71: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a

����� ï |)g��)a ü�¨ �����@� ï r }"Ó��Q��� ¨ �� �'� ï� � á�� ü@¨���� �@� ï����_)� ü î@E ¨���������� õ�l�õ�! óQ�7¨:� õ�� �"� D ��ò������3�7�@�� ôõ+ö5÷ ���� !�" õ�!"�sô�#�÷# 2�$X2&%�')( * ï&+ ø �"��,&ï�.Q/�-�. ���0/21�3 -'Z�p�465&7�8

9�� :�; �&� - E2<JM+P2=�> Y@?BADCFEBG P�H@I�J�K&L�M �2465�7�8Lowenergy group N Michael Smy

�'¨Gene Guillian

�@¨Matthew Malek

�@¨Dawei Liu��- E�OQP�R2SUT C i j -)VFW L��YX Z)Z�[ \ H]M �2465&7�8

4^7�¨0_ N�`�N +�a�����, N�b X -�.�WFc�W0cQd /�1F3 -�e�p]465@7�8)f �� �!�" 5 L W4�g�8��h f � N�i�j�k l �)¨�mon a�p �U-�q�¨ � � N ��rp �YX e)s H n�o p]4Q5&7�8^f � ! " 5 L W04)g�8t # $Yuwv�x�y�z N n�{ | }�~ �����"¨ P #F���&� N P # P # |�} ~���� ��¨ V

qν-

5]��\0� e�� K 7��^� E^C��2C)� SD N���� |�} ~���� �U- �!�" 5�4&g28:�Y.�� ��� �� l eqp@4Q5&7 ¨B.Q����5��2��5 L����H� W�8

��� -�¨�������  N �"� H¢¡ � L £+� K 7�¤�¥¦d�§O{Y- �!�" 5)4&g28¨o© -�ª e ���o« �2.�¬�­®�2¯�°&WQ4�5�7�8