Chapter 1 notes
Chapter 1 notes1.2 Investigating Matter
Start with some vocabularyMatter anything that has mass and
volumeMass amount of matter in a substanceVolume amount of space in
a substanceChemical change change in matter that occurs when
substances combine to form new substances
Changes of statea physical change may have a change in
appearance but no new substance is formed3 states of matterSolid -
definite shape and volumeLiquid definite volume but no fixed
shapeGas - shape and volume changes
The particle model of matter1. All matter is made up of very
small particles
2. There are spaces between the particles (varies depending on
the state)
3. The particles are always moving
4. The particles are attracted to one another
The Kinetic molecular theoryKinetic energy the energy of
motion1. All matter is made up of very small particles2. There is
empty spaces between particles3. Particles are constantly moving
particles of a solid are tightly packed together and only
vibrateparticles of a liquid are farther apart and they can move by
sliding past each other particles of a gas are very far apart and
they move around quickly
Kmt cont.4. Energy makes particles move. The more energy the
particles have, the faster they can move and the farther apart they
get
One more on KMTSolid Particles are close together, fixed in
position and vibrating.MeltingAs temperature increases, particles
kinetic energy increases.LiquidParticles are still close, but slide
past one another.BoilingAs temperature increases, particles kinetic
energycontinues to increase, creating more space.GasParticles are
highly energetic and moving freely.
Temperature and changes of stateMelting point temperature where
melting takes placeBoiling point temperature where boiling takes
place
Describing matterPhysical properties characteristics that can be
observed or measuredQualitative propertiescan be described but not
measuredstate, colour, malleability (beaten into sheets), ductility
(drawn into wires), crystallinity, magnetism
Describing matter cont.Quantitative propertiesproperties can be
measuredsolubility (dissolve in water), density (mass divided by
volume), conductivity (conducts electricity or heat),
melting/boiling pointsPure substances only one kind of
matterelement cannot be broken down e.g. Gold compound has two or
more elements combined e.g. Water or carbon dioxide
