12.3% Results of plagiarism analysis from 2018-12-21 13:40 UTCUKDC_6_10_REKLAMASIPANTAI SEBAGAI SEBUAH KARYA YANG MAHAL.pdf

Univ Darma Cendika Date: 2018-12-21 13:34 UTC All sources 64 Internet sources 62

[0] https://anzdoc.com/pedoman-perencanaan-tata-ruang.html8.2% 33 matches

[1] https://www.slideshare.net/teguhkurniawan522/permen-pu-no40tahun2007

8.2% 33 matches 1 documents with identical matches

[3] www.readbag.com/penataanruang-pu-go-id-taru-nspm-27-isi8.1% 34 matches

[4] https://de.slideshare.net/perencanakota/...san-reklamasi-pantai7.8% 33 matches

[5] https://fr.slideshare.net/perencanakota/...san-reklamasi-pantai7.8% 33 matches

[6] https://mafiadoc.com/pedoman-perencanaan...723ddc1732b38e8.html7.8% 33 matches

[7] https://anzdoc.com/pedoman-perencanaan-tata-ruang-kawasan-reklamasi-pantai-dire.html7.8% 33 matches

[8] https://www.slideshare.net/infosanitasi/...masi-pantai-104623607.8% 33 matches

[9] https://www.researchgate.net/publication...GAN_LINGKUNGAN_HIDUP6.9% 28 matches

[10] mediatataruang.com/syarat-reklamasi-menurut-permen-40-prtm2007/4.5% 20 matches

[11] jejaksamudera.blogspot.com/2013_08_01_archive.html

3.0% 13 matches 1 documents with identical matches

[13] https://sinta.unud.ac.id/uploads/wisuda/1104105061-3-BAB II.pdf2.7% 11 matches

[14] https://jejaksamudera.blogspot.com/2013/08/pertimbangkan-dalam-pelaksanaan.html2.5% 10 matches

[15] https://reklamasi-pantura.com/inilah-yang-perlu-diperhatikan-dalam-reklamasi/2.4% 10 matches

[16] https://leonardoaffandi.wordpress.com/category/lingkungan/2.1% 8 matches

[17] https://tetrahendral.blogspot.com/2014/07/mitigasi-reklamasi-kelas-x.html1.9% 6 matches

[18] wirtaarchi.blogspot.com/2016/06/reklamasiteluk-jakarta-dalampelaksanaan.html1.9% 8 matches

[19] https://nawarsyarif.blogspot.com/2015/08/dampak-reklamasi-pantai-terhadap.html1.8% 6 matches

[20] https://leonardoaffandi.wordpress.com/2017/09/26/reklamasi/1.8% 7 matches

[21] birohukum.pu.go.id/pustaka/arsip_makalah/22.pdf1.9% 8 matches

[22] www.minapedia.online/2016/05/pengertian-reklamasi-tujuan-dan-sistem.html

1.8% 7 matches 2 documents with identical matches

[25] cahyadiblogsan.blogspot.com/2014/1.7% 5 matches

[26] jembatan4.blogspot.com/2014/01/reklamasi-pantai-pengertian-dan-tujuan.html

1.6% 5 matches 3 documents with identical matches

[30] repository.unhas.ac.id/bitstream/handle/...-2014.pdf;sequence=11.6% 6 matches

[31] https://temuilmiah.iplbi.or.id/wp-conten...dasarkan-Perubah.pdf1.6% 6 matches

[32] https://www.slideshare.net/cheonsagitta/reklamasi-373352241.5% 6 matches

[33] https://www.scribd.com/document/45190313/Pedoman-an-Tata-Ruang1.5% 7 matches

[34] https://kaaffah.xyz/reklamasi-teluk-jakarta/1.3% 5 matches

[35] www.penataanruang.com/reklamasi-pantai.html

1.2% 6 matches 1 documents with identical matches

[37] bagusgunawan.blogspot.com/2011/05/model-tata-ruang.html

1.2% 5 matches 1 documents with identical matches

[39] https://es.scribd.com/doc/139045419/PERM...san-Reklamasi-Pantai1.1% 6 matches

[40] https://medium.com/@AN_bilang/reklamasi-...er-lsda-3de70b4ee97f1.0% 6 matches

[41] https://pt.scribd.com/doc/139045419/PERM...san-Reklamasi-Pantai1.1% 5 matches

[42] https://www.academia.edu/15598871/KAWASA...RENCANAAN_TATA_RUANG1.0% 3 matches

[44] bagusgunawan.blogspot.com/2011/04/naskah-rancangan-perbup-tata-bangunan.html0.9% 4 matches

[45] https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/index.php/agrisep/article/download/2638/12281.0% 4 matches

[46] https://www.sekolahpendidikan.com/2017/09/pengertian-reklamasi-tujuan-manfaat.html0.9% 5 matches

[48] sni.litbang.pu.go.id/image/sni/isi/permen-pu-no-40prtm2007.pdf0.8% 3 matches

[49] https://id.scribd.com/doc/303152649/Model-Reklamasi0.6% 3 matches

[50] https://pt.scribd.com/document/45190313/Pedoman-an-Tata-Ruang0.6% 4 matches

[51] https://dinarproject.com/beranda/author/admin/page/27/0.5% 3 matches

[52] https://pt.scribd.com/doc/303152649/Model-Reklamasi0.6% 3 matches

[53] komunitassabukhijau.blogspot.com/2014/01/istilah-kawasan-pesisir-dan-sekitarnya.html0.5% 3 matches

[54] bpiw.pu.go.id/product/download_attachmen... - Resume Natuna.pdf0.4% 3 matches

[55] https://materiku86.blogspot.com/2016/03/...ingkungan-hidup.html0.5% 2 matches

[56] jejaksamudera.blogspot.com/2013/08/reklamasi-pantai_20.html0.4% 2 matches

[57] www.penataanruang.com/kawasan-budidaya.html0.4% 2 matches

[58] https://www.scribd.com/doc/303152649/Model-Reklamasi0.4% 2 matches

[59] https://www.psychologymania.com/2012/09/tujuan-pengelolaan-lingkungan-hidup.html0.4% 2 matches

[60] gudangcontohskripsi.blogspot.com/2010/04/penegakan-undang-undang-no-5-tahun-1990.html

0.4% 2 matches 3 documents with identical matches

[64] https://www.scribd.com/doc/310556247/Paper-Reklamasi0.3% 2 matches

[65] www.academia.edu/10333694/PENGATURAN_PER...GAN_LINGKUNGAN_HIDUP0.3% 1 matches

[66] https://www.scribd.com/presentation/392313926/REKLAMASI-LAHAN-PANTAI-pptx0.2% 1 matches

[67] https://www.scribd.com/document/44518171/Penataan-Ruang-Kawasan-Reklamasi-Pantai0.3% 1 matches

[68] https://pt.scribd.com/document/44518171/Penataan-Ruang-Kawasan-Reklamasi-Pantai0.2% 1 matches

[69] kaaffah.xyz/warna-kulit/0.2% 1 matches

[70] www.academia.edu/4432623/Reklamasi_Pantai0.2% 1 matches

[71] https://aldiiska.wordpress.com/2013/11/05/isu-lingkungan/0.3% 1 matches

[72] repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/31793/3/Chapter II.pdf0.2% 1 matches

[73] blogueau.blogspot.com/2016/03/implementasi-dan-evaluasi-terhadap.html0.2% 1 matches

[74] https://www.scribd.com/document/393616776/REKLAMASI-TELUK-JAKARTA-docx0.1% 1 matches

[75] https://www.scribd.com/document/358700028/Pencemaran-Lingkungan-di-Pantai-Kuta-docx0.2% 1 matches

21 pages, 5955 words For the extraction of text from this document an OCR proccess was used, please be aware that some characters can be vulnerable tochanges.

PlagLevel: selected / overall56 matches from 76 sources, of which 74 are online sources.

Settings Data policy: Compare with web sources, Check against my documents, Check against my documents in the organization repository,

Check against organization repository, Check against the Plagiarism Prevention PoolSensitivity: MediumBibliography: Bibliography excludedCitation detection: Highlighting onlyWhitelist: --

R E K L A M A S IP A N T A IS E B A G A IS E B U A HK A R Y AY A N GM A H A LN A M U NB E R D A M P A KB E S A RB A G IL I N G K U N G A N

T h e r e s i aR a t n aD a r m i w a t iD o s e nF a k u l t a sT e k n i kP r o g r a mS t u d iT e k n i kA r s i t e k t u r

U n i v e r s i t a sK a t o l i kD a r m aC e n d i k a

A B S T R A K S II n d o n e s i am e r u p a k a nn e g a r ak e p u l a u a n ,y a n gm e m i l i k ip a n t a iy a n g

t e r p a n j a n gd i d u n i a ,k o n d i s ii n ip a t u td i s y u k u r ik a r e n ab a n g s aI n d o n e s i ay a n gt e r k e n a ls e b a g a ip e l a u tu l u n gb i s am e m a n f a a t k a na l a mp a n t a iu n t u kh a b i t a tk e h i d u p a ny a n gm e n g u n t u n g k a nd a ns e s u a i .D e n g a na d a n y ap e r k e m b a n g a nk a m ,t e r u t a m ad ip u l a uJ a w a ,k e p a d a t a ns e m a k i nt e r a s ak a r e n ap e r k e m b a n g a nj u m l a hp e n d u d u kd a ns a r a n ap r a s a r a n ap e r k o t a a ny a n gm a k i nm e n i n g k a t ,k o n d i s ii n im e m b u t u h k a np e n a m b a h a nk a w a s a nu n t u kb e r b a g a if u n g s iy a n ga l t e r n a t i fj a n g k a u a n n y ak e a r a hp a n l a i .R e k l a m a s im e r u p a k a ns a l a hs a t ac a m ,m e w u j u d k a np e r l u a s a nk a w a s a np e r k o t a a n ,y a n gb i l at i d a kd i k a j is e c a r ab e n a rd a nb i j a kd a p a tb e r d a m p a kb a g il i n g k u n g a n ,a r t i n y ap e l a k s a n a a n n y ay a n gm e m b u t u h k a nb i a y as a n g a tb e s a ra k a nm e n u a ik e r u g i a ny a n gt i d a kt e r n i l a ib a g ik e h i d u p a nm a k h l u kh i d u pd a ne k o s i s t e m n y a .

K A T AK U N C I: P e n e t a p a nR e k l a m a s iP a n t a iB a g iS u a t uK a w a s a n ,P e r l uD i k a j iD e n g a nB e n a rD a nB i j a k ,U n t u kM e n g h i n d a r iD a m p a kK e r u g i a nY a n gB e s a rB a g iL i n g k u n g a n .

I . P E N D A H U L U A NP e m e r i n t a hd a nm a s y a r a k a td i I n d o n e s i as a a ti n i ,p e r l um e l a k u k a n

p e m b e n a h a nd i s e g a l al i n i ,d e m it e r c i p t a n y aa l a my a n ga s r id a nb e r w a w a s a nl i n g k u n g a n .K e r n s a k a nd e m ik e r u s a k a nd i a l a m is e c a r ab e r k e s i n a m b u n g a n ,s e h i n g g ad a m p a k n y ab e r t a m b a hp a r a hd a r ih a r ik eh a r i .M e l i h a tp e r k e m b a n g a nk e d e p a n n y a ,t e r k a d a n gp e s i m i sa k a na d ap e r b a i k a ny a n gb e r a r t i ,m e n g i n g a tk e r u s a k a ny a n gt e r j a d ib u k a ns a j ak a r e n af a k t o ra l a mm u r n it e t a p ij u s t r uy a n gt e r b a n y a ka k i b a tu l a hm a n u s i ay a n gt i d a kb e r t a n g g u n gj a w a b ,h a n y am e n g a m b i lk e u n t u n g a ns a j at a n p am e m p e r h i t u n g k a nk e r u g i a n n y a ,t e r u t a m ab a g ia l a m n y as e n d i r iy a n gh a r u s n y ad i j a g ak e l e s t a r i a n n y ab a i ke k o s i s t e mfl o r am a u p u nf a u n a n y a .

R e k l a m a s id a nr e v i t a l i s a s is e r i n gd i l a k u k a n ,d e n g a nd a l i hu n t u km e n i n g k a t k a nn i l a it a m b a hb a g ik a w a s a nt e r s e b u td e m im e n u n j a n gk e g i a t a n

] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2 1

p e r e k o n o m i a nm a s y a r a k a t ,p a d a h a ls e b e n a m y ak e t e n t u a ny a n gh a m sd i t i n j a ut e r l e b i hd a h q us a n g a tk o m p l e k ss e b e l u mm e n e t a p k a nl a n g k a hr e k l a m a s i .A d a p u n[ 0 ]

h a l — h a ly a n gh a r u sd i p e l a j a r is e s u a ip e d o m a n ,a n t a r al a i nm e n g k a j is e c a r ad e t a i lb e r b a g a ia s p e k ,s e p e r t ia s p e ks o s i a l ,e k o n o m i ,b u d a y a ,a s p e kp e r g e r a k a n ,a k s e s i b i l i t a s ,t r a n s p o r t a s i ,a s p e kk e m u d a h a np u b l i k ,r u a n gp u b l i k ,s e r t ak e t e n t u a nt e k n i sy a n gm e l i p u t is t r u k t u rm a n gk a w a s a n ,p o l am a n gk a w a s a n ,p e n g e l o l a a nl i n g k u n g a n ,s a r a n ad a np r a s r a n a ,f a s i l i t a su m u m ,f a s i l i t a ss o s i a l ,k r i t e r i as t r u k t u rm a n g ,d a np o l am a n gy a n ga d ad i s u a t uk a w a s a nt e r t e n t us e b a g a i m a n ad i a t u rd a l a mU n d a n g — U n d a n gN o m o r2 7T a h u n2 0 0 7t e n t a n gP e n g e l o l a a nW i l a y a hP e s i s i rd a nP u l a u - P u l a uK e c i l .

R e k l a m a s id a nr e v i t a l i s a s is e r i n gd i l u p a k a nd a l a mb a t a sa p ay a n gm a s i hd a p a td i l a k u k a na g a rk o n d i s ie k o s i s t e mt i d a kt e r g a n g g uy a n gm e n g a k i b a t k a nh i l a n g n y ak e h i d u p a nb i o t ad a nm a r g a s a t w at e r t e n t u .H a r u sd i s a d a r ik e b e r a d a a nI n d o n e s i ay a n gm e r u p a k a nn e g a r ak e p u l a u a n ,d i m a n ag a r i sp a n t a i n y at e r p a n j a n gd i d u n i a ,a r t i n y ak e h i d u p a nl a u ts e p e r t in e l a y a n ,p e r d a g a n g a nk o m o d i t il a u t ,d a np e r a l a t a ny a n gd i p e r l u k a nd i l a u ta k a nm e w a r n a ip e r e k o n o m i a nd it a n a ha i r ,d a nh a li n i l a hy a n gm e s t i n y ad i t i t i kb e r a t k a np e m e r i n t a hd a l a mm e n i n g k a t k a nk e s e j a h t e r a a nm a s y a r a k a t n y at a n p am e m s a kl i n g k u n g a np a n t a iy a n ga d a .

S e b e n a r n y ai s s u el i n g k u n g a ns u d a hm u l a id i b a h a ss e c a r al u a so l e hb a n g s a — b a n g s ad i d u n i as e j a kt e r l a k s a n a n y aK o n f e r e n s iP B By a n gb e r t o p i kL i n g k u n g a nH i d u pT a h u n1 9 7 2d i S t o c k h o l m( d i k e n a ls e b a g a iK o n f e r e n s iS t o c k h o l m ,t a n g g a l5 J u n i1 9 7 2 ) ,d i s i n id i c e t u s k a nb e r b a g a ir e s o l u s it e n t a n gl i n g k u n g a nh i d u py a n gd i p a k a is e b a g a il a n d a s a nb e r p i k i ry a n gh a r u sd i t i n d a kl a n j u t ik e d e p a n n y a .S e l a n j u t n y ad i d i n ' k a n l a hU N E P( U n i t e dN a t i o n sE n v i r o n m e n t a lP r o g r a m m e )d iN a i r o b iK e n y as e b a g a ib a d a nP B By a n gm e n g u r u sp e r m a s a l a h a nL i n g k u n g a nH i d u pd u n i a .I n d o n e s i a[ 7 1 ] m e n a n g g a p ii s s u el i n g k u n g a ni n i y a n gs u d a hm u l a ib e r g u l i rs e j a kt a h u n1 9 7 0d e n g a nd i s e l e n g g a r a k a n n y aS e m i n a rP e n g e l o l a a nL i n g k u n g a nH i d u pd a nP e m b a n g u n a nN a s i o n a ld iU n i v e r s i t a sP a j a j a r a nB a n d u n gt a n g g a l1 5 — 1 8M e i1 9 7 2 . H a s i ls e m i n a rt e r s e b u td i p a k a iu n t u kb a h a nr a p a td e l e g a s iI n d o n e s i ad iS t o c k h o l mk a r e n ad i a n g g a p

2 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2

s e b a g a it o n g g a kd i m u l a i n y ap e r h a t i a nI n d o n e s i ap a d al i n g k u n g a nh i d u py a n gb e s a rp e n g a r u h n y at e r h a d a pk e h i d u p a nm a n u s i a .

D e n g a nk e m a j u a nt e k n o l o g ik o m u n i k a s i ,i n f o r m a s it e n t a n gl i n g k u n g a nm e n y e b a rl u a sk e s e l u r u hd u n i ad e n g a nc e p a td a nm u d a h ,i n im e m b u k t i k a nb e t a p am a n u s i ah a r u ss e r i u sm e n a n g g u l a n g id a m p a kl i n g k u n g a n ,s e s u a is t a t e m e n ty a n gm e n g a t a k a n“ B i l am a n u s i am e n j a g al i n g k u n g a nd e n g a nb a i k ,m a k aa l a ma k a nm e m b e r i k a ny a n gt e r b a i kb a g im a n u s i a ,d a ns e b a l i k n y a “ .S a l a hs a t uc a r am e n c e g a ht i m b u l n y ak e r u s a k a nl i n g k u n g a na d a l a hd e n g a nm e n j a l a n k a nH u k u mt a n p ap a n d a n gb u l ud a nm e l a k s a n a k a ns e c a r ak o n s e k w e n ,k a r e n aa l a mm e r u p a k a nt i t i p a ny a n gh a r u sd i j a g ak e l e s t a r i a n n y a .

I I .P E M B A H A S A N[ 1 7 ]

Y a n gd i m a k s u dr e k l a m a s i ,m e n u r u tp e n g e r t i a n n y as e c a r ab a h a s a ,r e k l a m a s ib e r a s a ld a r ib a h a s aI n g g r i st o r e c l a i my a n ga r t i n y am e m p e r b a i k is e s u a t uy a n gr u s a k .S e c a r as p e s i fi kd a l a mk a m u sB a h a s aI n d o n e s i a( t e r b i t a nP T .G r a m e d i a )[ 1 6 ] d i j e l a s k a na r t it or e c l a i ms e b a g a im e n j a d i k a nt a n a h( f r o mt h es e a ) ,s e d a n g k a nk a t ar e c l a m a t i o nd i t e r j e m a h k a np e k e r j a a nu n t u km e m p e r o l e ht a n a h ,n a m u ns e c a r ai l m i a h( i l m ut e k n i kp a n t a i )r e k l a m a s ia d a l a hs u a t uu s a h ay a n gm e m a n f a a t k a nk a w a s a na t a ul a h a ny a n gr e l a t i ft i d a kb e r g u n aa t a um a s i hk o s o n gd a nb e r a i rm e n j a d il a h a ny a n gb e r g u n ad e n g a nc a r ad i k e r i n g k a n( m i s a l k a nd ik a w a s a np a n t a i ,d a e r a hr a w a — r a w a ,l e p a sp a n t a ia t a ul a u t ,d i t e n g a hs u n g a iy a n gl e b a ra t a ud a n a u ) ,s e h i n g g au n t u km e n e t a p k a n n y ap e r l ua d a n y ap e n g k a j i a ny a n gm e n d a l a m .

T u j u a n[ 1 7 ] u t a m ar e k l a m a s ia d a l a hm e n j a d i k a nk a w a s a nb e r a i ry a n gr u s a ka t a ut i d a kb e r g u n am e n ja d il e b i hb a i kd a nb e r m a n f a a t .K a w a s a n[ 1 6 ] t e r s e b u tb i a s a n y ad i g u n a k a nu n t u kp e r m u k i m a n ,p e r i n d u s t r i a n ,b i s n i sd a np e r t o k o a n ,p e r t a n i a ns e r t ao b y e kw i s a t a .

D a l a m[ 1 7 ] t e o r ip e r e n c a n a a nk o t ar e k l a m a s ip a n t a im e m p a k a ns a l a hs a t ul a n g k a hp e m e k a r a nk o t a ,b i a s a n y ad i l a k u k a no l e hk o t a — k o t ab e s a ry a n gl a j up e r t u m b u h a n n y ad a nk e b u t u h a nl a h a n n y am e n i n g k a ts a n g a tp e s a tt e t a p ia d ak e t e r b a t a s a nl a h a nn a m u np e m e k a r a nk ea r a hd a r a t a ns u d a ht i d a km e m u n g k i n k a n

] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2 3

k a r e n ad i b u t u h k a nd a r a t a nb a r u .S e b e n a r n y aa l t e m a t i fl a i ny a n gm e m u n g k i n k a na d a l a hm e m b a n g u ng e d u n gp e n c a k a rl a n g i t ,n a m u nk e n d a l a n y as e l a i nm a h a lj u g au n t u kf u n g s it e r t e n t us e p e r t ii n d u s t r id a no b y e kw i s a t at i d a kc o c o kd i l a k u k a nk a r e n aa k a nm e n i m b u l k a nm a s a l a hy a n gb a r u .

P e r l u[ 9 ] d i i n g a tb a h w ar e k l a m a s im e m p a k a nb e n t u kc a m p u rt a n g a nm a n u s i at e r h a d a pk e s e i m b a n g a nl i n g k u n g a na l a my a n gs e m u l ad a l a mk o n d i s is e i m b a n gd a nd i n a m i s .P e r u b a h a n[ 9 ] y a n gt e r j a d ii n ia k a nm e n y e b a b k a np e r u b a h a ne k o s i s t e m ,s e p e r t ip e r u b a h a np o l aa r u s ,e r o s i ,s e d i m e n t a s ip a n t a iy a n gs e l u r u h n y am e n y e b a b k a nm e n i n g k a t n y ab a h a y ab a n j i r ,d a nk e r u s a k a nl i n g k u n g a nd id a e r a hl a i n .

H a l - h a ly a n gk u r a n gd i p e r h a t i k a ns a a td i l a k u k a n n y ar e k l a m a s ia d a l a hk a r e n al a h a ny a n ga d am e r u p a k a nd a e r a hb e r a i r ,s e h i n g g aa k a nt e r j a d ip e r u b a h a nh i d r o d i n a m i k as a a ts e b e l u m ,s a a tp e l a k s a n a a n ‚d a ns a a tp a s c ar e k l a m a s ip a d as i s t e md r a i n a s e n y ay a n gk u r a n gb a i k ,y a n gb e r d a m p a kp a d al i n g k u n g a ns e k i t a r n y a ,a p a l a g ib i l am a t e r i a lu r u g a n n y at i d a kb e r g r a d a s ib a i ka k a nb e r p e n g a r u hp a d ad a y ad u k u n gb e b a nb a n g u n a nd i a t a s n y a .

J a d ip a d ad a s a r n y ar e k l a m a s ip a n t a it i d a kd i a n j u r k a n ,n a m u nm a s i hb i s ad i l a k u k a nb i l aa d ah a l — h a lp e n t i n gy a n gm e n d a s a r i n y a ,s e p e r t i:-[11] M e m p a k a nk e b u t u h a np e n g e m b a n g a nk a w a s a nb u d i d a y ay a n gt e l a ha d ad i s i s i

d a r a t a n .-[0] B e r a d ad i l u a rk a w a s a nh u t a nb a k a uy a n gm e r u p a k a nb a g i a nd a r ik a w a s a n

l i n d u n ga t a ut a m a nn a s i o n a l ,c a g a ra l a ma t a us u a k am a r g a s a t w a .-[0] B u k a nm e r u p a k a nk a w a s a ny a n gb e r b a t a s a na t a ud i j a d i k a na c u a nb a t a s

w i l a y a hd e n g a nd a e r a ha t a un e g a r al a i n .A p a b i l as u a t uk a w a s a np a n t a id i t e t a p k a nu n t u kd i r e k l a m a s i ,m a k ap e r l u

d i k a j ib e b e r a p aa s p e ks o s i a l ,b u d a y ad a ne k o n o m i n y a ,s e h i n g g aa p ay a n gd i r e n c a n a k a nn a n t i n y as u d a hb i s al a n g s u n gb e r a d a p t a s id e n g a nl i n g k u n g m n y as e r t ap e r k e m b a n g a nk e d e p a n . h t t p : / / W W W . p e n a t a a n r u a n g . n e t / t a r u / n s p m / 2 7 / i s i . p d f

4 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2

B e b e r a p aA s p e kS o s i a l ,B u d a y ad a nE k o n o m iK a w a s a ny a n gp e r l ud i t i n j a u ,a n t a r al a i n :

R e k l a m a s i[ 0 ] p a n t a im e m b e r id a m p a kp e r a l i h a np a d ap o l ak e g i a t a ns o s i a l ,b u d a y ad a ne k o n o m is e r t ah a b i t a tm a n gm a s y a r a k a ts e b e l u mr e k l a m a s ik e a r a hb a r u .S e h i n g g a p e r u b a h a n[ 3 0 ] y a n gt e r j a d ih a r u sm e n y e s u a i k a np e r a l i h a n f u n g s ik a w a s a nd a np o l am a n gk a w a s a ns e r t ai m p l i k a s ip e r u b a h a ny a n ga d ap a d ak e t e r s e d i a a nj e n i sl a p a n g a nk e r j ab a r ud a nb e n t u kk e r a g a m a nu s a h ab a r uy a n gd i t a w a r k a n .A s p e k[ 1 5 ] s o s i a l ,b u d a y a ,w i s a t ad a ne k o n o m iy a n gd i a k u m u l a s i k a nd a l a mj a r i n g a ns o s i a l ,b u d a y a ,p a r i w i s a t ad a ne k o n o m ik a w a s a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a it e n t u n y aa k a nm e m a n f a a t k a nm a n gp e r a i r a np a n t a i .

B e b e r a p a[ 1 1 ] A s p e kA k s e s i b i l i t a sd a nT r a n s p o r t a s ir e k l a m a s ip a n t a iy a n gh a r u sd i p e n u h i:

P o l a[ 0 ] p e r g e r a k a nk e n d a r a a nd a nm a s - m a sj a l a nh a m st e r i n t e g r a s it e r h a d a pk e r a n g k au t a m a( c o a s t a lr o a d )y a n gm e l i n t a s ip a n t a ia g a rp u b l i kd a p a tm e n i k m a t ip a n o r a m ad a nk e n y a m a n a np a n t a i .T a t a[ 0 ] R u a n gK a w a s a nR e k l a m a s iP a n t a i ,h a r u sm e n y e d i a k a nm a n g - m a n gd i p e r a i r a nl a i nu n t u ka k s e s b i l i t a sd a ni n t e g r a s ia n t a r ap u s a td a ns u bw i l a y a hk o t a .H a m s[ 0 ] m u d a ht e r a k s e sd a nt e r i n t e g r a s id e n g a ns i s t e mk o t ad a ns a r a n ap r a s a r a n ad ip e r a i r a n ,d a r a td a nu d a r a .P o l a p e r g e r a k a n[ 1 5 ] d a nt r a n s p o f t a s id a r a td a np e r a i r a nh a r u sm e m i l i k iv a fi a s ii n t e g r a s id a nt r a n s p o r t a s ib e r d a s a r k a nk o n s e pr i d ea n dp a r ks y s t e md i b e b e r a p at e m a t i kk a w a s a ny a n ga d a .P e r e n c a n a a n[ 0 ] m a n a j e m e ns i s t e mt r a n s p o r t a s id a nk e l e n g k a p a ns a r a n ap e n u n j a n g n y a .

h t t p : l / w w w . p e n a t a a n r u a n g . n e t / t a r u / n s p m / Z 7 / i s i . p d f

) u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2 5

B e b e r a p as t r a t e g iy a n gm e n j a m i nk e m u d a h a np u b l i kd i k a w a s a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a i ,y a i t u :

T a t a[ 0 ] l e t a kb a n g u n a ny a n gfi g u r a t i fd a ng a r i sk e t i n g g i a nb a n g u n a ny a n gb e r h i r a r k h iu n t u km e n j a g ak e m u d a h a np u b l i kd a l a mm e n i k m a t ip a n o r a m ap a n t a i .K e b e r a d a a nm a n gp u b l i ky a n gb i s ad i a k s e sh a r u sd a p a td i m a n f a a t k a no l e hp u b l i kd e n g a nm u d a hd a nb e b a st a n p ab a t a s a nm a n g ,w a k t ud a nb i a y a .P o t e n s i[ 9 ] e l e m e n — e l e m e np a n t a iu n t u kd i r e p r e s e n t a s i k a nk e m b a l im e l a l u ik r e a t i fi t a sp e r a n c a n g a nd a np e n g e m a s a np o t e n s ia l a m ,l a u t ,p a n t a ia t a up e r a i r a ny a n gs i g n i fi k a na g a rt e r c i p t ak e m u d a h a nd a nk e n y a m a n a np u b l i k .P o t e n s i[ 0 ] a l a my a n gp e r l ud i k e m b a n g k a ns e k a l i g u sd i k o n s e r v a s is e p e r t ifl o r ad a nf a u n aa i r ,b a k a u ,p a s i r ,h u t a np a n t a i ,k a w a s a nb e r k o n t u r ,p e n e d u h ,l a n g i t ,p a n o r a m ap a n t a i ,d a nt e b i n gp a n t a i .S e l u r u h n y ap e r l ud i j a g ak e a s r i a na l a m i a h n y ak a r e n am e m i l i k in i l a ik e p a r i w i s a t a a ny a n gt i n g g i ,s e k a l i g u sn i l a ie k o s i s t e my a n gp e r l ud i l e s t a r i k a n .P e r w u j u d a n[ 6 ] k e n y a m a n a np a d a e l e m e np a n t a iy a n gb e r b e n t u kk e h e n i n g a ns u a s a n a ,k e i n d a h a np a n o r a m ap a n t a i ,k e a l a m i a h a nd e s a ,k e j e r n i h a ng e l o m b a n ga i r p a n t a i ,k e h i j a u a nb u k i t ,k e r i m b u n a nh u t a np a n t a i ,k e b e r s i h a np a s i r ,k e b i r u a nl a n g i t ,d a nk e t e d u h a np a n t a i .

P e n y u s u n a np o l am a n gk a w a s a n ,h a r u sm e m p e r h a t i k a nh a l — h a l:K e s e i m b a n g a n[ 9 ] a n t a r ar e n c a n ap e m a n f a a t a nl a h a ns e b a g a if u n g s ib u d i d a y ad a nl a h a ns e fi af u n g s il i n d u n gd e n g a nm e m p e r h a t i k a nk e l e s t a r i a nl i n g k u n g a nh i d u py a n gm e n c a k u ps u m b e rd a y aa l a md a nb u a t a n .K e s e i m b a n g a nk o m p o s i s il a h a n ,s e p e r t ip e m a n f a a t a n r u a n ga n t a r ak a w a s a nd a r a t a nd e n g a np e r a i r a n /p a n t a i .P e r u n t u k a n[ 9 ] k a w a s a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a i ,h a r u sd i m a n f a a t k a ns e c a r ae f e k t i f ,m e n g h a r g a is i g n i fi k a n s im a n gp e r a i r a nd a nk e s i n e r g i a np o l am a n gk a w a s a nb u d id a y ad e n g a na l a ms e k i t a r .P o l a[ 0 ] m a n gd i s e p a n j a n gg a r i sp a n t a i ,m e r u p a k a nw i l a y a hG a r i sS e m p a d a nP a n t a iy a n gh a r u sd i a r a h k a nm e n j a d im a n gp u b l i k .

h t t p : l l w w w . p e n a t a a n r u a n g . n e t / t a r u l n s p m / 2 7 l i s i . p d f

6 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,[0] A p r i l2 0 1 2

- P o l am a n gk a w a s a ny a n gd i a r a h k a nu n t u km e n g a k u m u l a s ib e b e r a p af u n g s im e n d a s a ry a n gm e n g h a r g a i ,m e n y a t u k a nd a nm e m a n f a a t k a np o t e n s ip a n t a i ,b a g ik e s e i m b a n g a nl i n g k u n g a nd a nk e h i d u p a n .

D a l a m[ 0 ] p e r e n c a n a a nt a t a r u a n gk a w a s a nr e k l a m a s ih a r u sm e m p e r t i m b a n g k a na s p e kl i n g k u n g a n ,t e r u t a m ad a l a mp e m a n f a a t a ne n e r g i ,s u m b e rd a y aa l a m ,p e m b u k a a nl a h a n ,p e n a n g a n a nl i m b a h ,s e m u a n y ai n ib e r t u j u a nu n t u km e m i n i m a l k a nd a m p a kt e r h a d a pl i n g k u n g a ny a n ga d a .

K e l e n g k a p a n[ 0 ] P r a s a r a n ad a nS a r a n ay a n gd i p e r l u k a n ,m e l i p u t ij a r i n g a nd a nP r a s a r a n aS a r a n aB a s a r( P S D )y a n gm e n g i k u t ip o l as t r u k t u rm a n gk a w a s a nr e k l a m a s iR e n c a n aI n d u kS i s t e m( R I S )k a w a s a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a id a nh a r u st e n ' n t e g r a s id e n g a ns i s t e mk o t a .D i s i n ih a l - h a ly a n gp e r l ud i m a t a n g k a n:—[0] P e n y e d i a a nj a r i n g a nj a l a n ,j e m b a t a nd a nt r a n s p o r t a s iy a n gm e m p e r h a t i k a n

k e b u t u h a nt r a n s p o r t a s id a np o l ap e r g e r a k a nl a l ul i n t a s ,j e n i sm o d ad a ni n t e n s i t a sy a n gd i p e r l u k a n ,t i n g k a tp e l a y a n a nd a nf a s i l i t a sp e l e n g k a py a n gd i b u t u h k a n .

-[0] P e n y e d i a a ns i s t e md r a i n a g ek a w a s a n ,y a n gm e l i p u t is a l u r a na i rh u j a n ,s a l u r a nk o l e k t o r ,p e n g e n d a l ib a n j i r ,p o l d e rd a ns t a s i u np o m p a .

-[0] P e n y e d i a a nj a r i n g a np r a s a r a n ap e n g a i r a ns e p e r t ij a r i n g a na i rb e r s i h ,P M K ,a i rk o t o r ,a i rb a k uu n t u kk e p e n t i n g a nk a w a s a n .

-[0] P e n y e d i a a nj a r i n g a np r a s a r a n ae n e r g iu n t u km e n u n j a n gk e b u t u h a nt e n a g al i s t r i kb a g ik a w a s a ny a n gd i r e k l a m a s i .

—[0] P e n y e d i a a nj a r i n g a np r a s a r a n at e l e k o m u n i k a s iu n t u km e n i n g k a t k a nk e m u d a h a na k t i v i t a sy a n gd i l a k u k a nd ik a w a s a nr e k l a m a s i .

— P e n y e d i a a nj a r i n g a np r a s a r a n ap e r s a m p a h a n ,y a n gd i t a t as e c a r as i s t e m a t i sm e n y e b a rd ik a w a s a ny a n gd i r e k l a m a s i ,u n t u km e n j a g al i n g k u n g a n .

P e n y e d i a a n[ 0 ] f a s i l i t a su m u md a ns o s i a l ,m e l i p u t is a r a n ap e n d i d i k a n ,k e s e h a t a n ,p e r b e l a n j a a n ,n i a g a ,p e m e r i n t a h ,p e l a y a n a nu m u m ,p e r i b a d a t a n ,r e k r e a s i ,k e b u d a y a a n ,o l a h r a g a ,l a p a n g a nt e r b u k a ,s e r t af a s i l i t a sp e n u n j a n gk e g i a t a nu m u md a ns o s i a ll a i n n y a .

] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,[0] A p r i l2 0 1 2 7

T i p o l o g ik a w a s a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a i ,m e l i p u t i:I . T i p o l o g i[ 0 ] k a w a s a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a ib e r d a s a r k a nf u n g s i:

- K a w a s a np e r u n t u k a np e r m u k i m a n .-[0] K a w a s a np e r d a g a n g a nd a nj a s a .— K a w a s a np e r u n t u k a ni n d u s t r i .- K a w a s a np e r u n t u k a np a r i w i s a t a .- K a w a s a np e n d i d i k a n .- K a w a s a np e l a b u h a nl a u t ]p e n y e b e r a n g a n .- K a w a s a nb a n d a ru d a r a .— K a w a s a nm i x e du s e /c a m p u r a n .- K a w a s a nm a n gt e r b u k ah i j a u .

I I . T i p o l o g i[ 0 ] k a w a s a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a ib e r d a s a r k a nl u a s:- R e k l a m a s ib e s a r ,d e n g a nl u a sk a w a s a n 5 0 0H a .-[16] D i a n j u r k a nu n t u kt i d a km e l a k u k a nr e k l a m a s id i d a e r a hb e r k a r a k t e rk h u s u s ,

s e p e r t ik a w a s a np e r m u k i m a nn e l a y a n ,h u t a nb a k a u ,h u t a np a n t a i ,p e r i k a n a nt a n g k a p ,t e r u m b uk a r a n g /b i o t al a u ty a n gd i l i n d u n g i ,t a m a nl a u td a nk a w a s a nr a w a nb e n c a n a .

—[0] T e r p i s a hd e n g a nd a r a t a n ,a r t i n y am e m i s a h k a nd a r a t a nl a m ay a n gb e r u p ak a w a s a ny a n gm e m i l i k ik a r a k t e r i s t i kk h u s u s( p e n j e l a s a ns e p e fi it e r s e b u td i a t a s )d e n g a nd a r a t a nb a r u ,y a n gb e r t u j u a nu n t u km e n j a g ak e s e i m b a n g a nt a t aa i ry a n ga d a ,m e n j a g ak e l e s t a r i a nk a w a s a nl i n d u n g ,m e n c e g a ht e r j a d i n y ak o n fl i ks o s i a l ,m e n j a g a /m e n c e g a hk e r u s a k a nk a w a s a np o t e n s i a l( s e p e r t ib i o t al a u t ,p e r i k a n a n ,l a d a n gm i n y a k ) ,m e n g h i n d a r ik a w a s a nr a w a nb e n c a n a .

-[3] G a b u n g a nk e d u at i p o l o g it e r s e b u td i a t a s( m e n y a m b u n gd a nt e r p i s a hd a r id a r a t a n) , d i m a n ak e d u ac a r at e r s e b u td i a t a sd i l a k u k a ns e c a r ab e r s a m a a nd i s u a t uk a w a s a ny a n gd i t e t a p k a n .

M e s k i p u ns u a t ut e m p a td i r e k l a m a s i ,n a m u nk o n d i s il i n g k u n g a n n y at e t a ph a r u sd i p e l i h a r a ,a r t i n y at e t a pd i j a g ak e s e i m b a n g a ne k o s i s t e m n y ay a n gb a r u ,k a r e n am u n g k i ns a j ad ik a w a s a nt e r s e b u ta d ah a l - h a ls p e s i fi ky a n gm e m p a k a np e n i n g g a l a ne k o s i s t e ml a m ay a n gm a s i ht e r s i s ad a ns a n g a ts p e s i fi k ,s e h i n g g ap e r l ud i p e r t a h a n k a ns e b a ba d ak e m u n g k i n a nd a p a tb e r k e m b a n gl a g id ih a b i t a t

h t t p : l / w w w . p e n a t a a n r u a n g . n e t / t a r u / n s p m / 2 7 / i s i . p d f

8 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2

y a n gb a r us e t e l a hr e k l a m a s i ,a s a l k a nk o n d i s il i n g k u n g a n n y at e t a ps a m ad a nt i d a kt e r c e m a ro l e hp o l u s i .

P e n g e l o l a a n[ 5 5 ] l i n g k u n g a nd a p a td i a r t i k a ns e b a g a iu s a h as e c a r as a d a ru n t u km e m e l i h a r aa t a um e m p e r b a i k im u t ul i n g k u n g a na g a rk e b u t u h a nd a s a rm a h l u kh i d u pd a p a tt e r p e n u h id e n g a ns e b a i k - b a i k n y a .A d a p u nk e b u t u h a nd a s a ri n ib e r s i f a ts a n g a tr e l a t i f ,t i d a ks a m aa n t a r as a t us a m al a i n ,k a r e n ai t ud i b u t u h k a nk e l e n t u r a nd a l a mm e n e t a p k a np e r a t u r a n .G u n a[ 5 9 ]m e n d a p a t k a nm u t ul i n g k u n g a ny a n gb a i k ,h a r u sb e r u s a h am e m p e r b e s a rm a n f a a tl i n g k u n g a nd a nm e m p e r k e c i lr e s i k ol i n g k u n g a n .

M a s a l a hl i n g k u n g a nd in e g a r ab e r k e m b a n gh a n y ab i s ad i a t a s id e n g a np e m b a n g u n a ny a n gb e r w a w a s a nl i n g k u n g a nk a r e n ap e m b a n g u n a nd a np e m b i n a a nl i n g k u n g a na d a l a hd u ah a ]y a n gt i d a kd a p a td i p i s a h k a n ,a r t i n y as e b e l u mm e m u l a ip e m b a n g u n a nh a m sd i p i k i r k a ns e l u r u hk e m u n g k i n a na d a n y ad a m p a ky a n gt i m b u ld i k e m u d i a nh a r i .P e m b a n g u n a ny a n gb i j a k s a n aa k a nm e n a i k k a nk u a l i t a sl i n g k u n g a ny a n gt e r d u k u n gd a nt e r l a n j u t k a n ,d i m a n ae k o s i s t e my a n ga d at e r u sb e r j a l a ns e c a r aa l a m i .

D a l a mp e r b i n c a n g a nm a s a l a hl i n g k u n g a n ,p e r h a t i a nm a n u s i at e r t u j up a d ad a m p a kn e g a t i fy a n gm u n g k i nd i t i m b u l k a no l e ha d a n y ap e m b a n g u n a ns e p e r t ip e n c e m a r a nl i n g k u n g a n ,k e r u s a k a na l a m ,k e p u n a h a nfl o r ad a nf a u n au n i k ,b e r m u t a s i n y ao r g a n i s m em e n j a d il e b i hk o m p l e k s ,t e r m a s u kd i d a l a m n y ar e k l a m a s iy a n gm e n i m b u l k a nb a n y a kk e r u g i a ny a i t uh i l a n g n y ap o p u l a s ib a k a ud i s e p a n j a n gp a n t a iy a n gb e r f u n g s is e b a g a it e m p a tb e r k e m b a n gb i a k n y ai k a n ,u d a n g ,b i o t al a u td a nfi l t e rp o l u s id a r a t a ns e r t ap e n c e g a he r o s ip a n t a i ,h i l a n g n y am a n gt e r b u k ay a n gb e r f u n g s is e b a g a it a n d o na i rh u j a ny a n gm e n c e g a hb a n j i rd i d a r a t a n .D i l a i ns i s i ,p e m a n f a a t a nk a w a s a np a n t a iy a n gd i s u l a ps e b a g a ik o m p l e k sp e r u m a h a n ,t i d a km e n j a n j i k a np e n g h u n i n y am a m p ub e r t a h a nu n t u kt i n g g a l ,k a r e n aa d a n y ak e r u g i a ny a n gd i t i m b u l k a no l e ha n g i nl a u ty a n gm e n g a n d u n gg a r a ms e h i n g g am e n g a k i b a t k a nk o r o s ip e r a b o t /p e r a l a t a ny a n gt e r b u a td a r ib e s i .

R a c h e lC a r s o nd a l a mb u k u n y aT h eS i l e n tS p r i n g ,m e n j a b a r k a nb e t a p ap e n t i n g n y am e n j a g ak e l e s t a r i a nl i n g k u n g a nk a r e n ad a m p a k n y ay a n gb e s a rb a g i

h t t p : / / w w w . p e n a t a a n r u a n g . n e t / t a r u / n s p m / 2 7 / i s i . p d f

] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2 9

k e h i d u p a nm a n u s i ad i b u m i .C a r s o nb e r c e r i t ab a h w aa k a nb a n y a kp e n y a k i tm i s t e r i u sa k a nm e n y e r a n g

m a n u s i ad a nb i n a t a n g ,a r t i n y ab a y a n g — b a y a n gk e m a t i a na k i b a tk e r u s a k a nl i n g k u n g a nd i g a m b a r k a n n y a ,j ug aa d a n y ak e s u n y i a nt a n p ak i c a u a nb u r u n gd i s u a t ud a e r a hk a r e n ap e r g ik e t e m p a ty a n gd i k e t a h u ia k i b a th a b i t a th i d u p n y at e r g a n g g uu l a hm a n u s i a ,m u n g k i nt i d a ks e m u am a s y a r a k a tm e n g a l a m ih a ly a n gs e r u p an a m u nj e l a sk o n d i s ii n i n y a t ad i r a s a k a nd i t e m p a ty a n gb e r b e d a .A p ay a n gd i g a m b a r k a nC a r s o nt e r j a d i ,y a i t ud u n i ad i h e b o h k a no l e hp e n y a k i ta n e hy a n gm e n g e r i k a nd iJ e p a n gd iT e l u kM i n a m a t ay a n gm e n y e r a n gm a n u s i ad a nb i n a t a n gt a h u n1 9 5 5 ,k a r e n ab e r m u l at e r j a d i n y ad iM i n a m a t am a k ad i s e b u tp e n y a k i tm i n a m a t a .M a n u s i ay a n gt e r j a n g k i tm e n d e r i t ak e s a k i t a nd a nm e l a k u k a ng e r a k a ny a n gt i d a kt e r k o n t r o ld a na k h i r n y am a t i ,i k a nb a n y a km e n g a m b a n gd ip e r m u k a a nl a u t ,b u r u n g — b u r u n gj a t u hd a r iu d a r as e r t aa y a m ,a n j i n gd a nb a b im e n j a d ig i l a .S e l a i ni t ua d aj u g ap e n y a k i ty a n gl a i n ,j u g ad iJ e p a n gy a i t up e n y a k i ti t a i i t a iy a n ga r t i n y aa d u ha d u h ,k a r e n ap e n d e r i t am e r a s a k a ns a k i ty a n ga m a ts a n g a ta k i b a tt u l a n gy a n gm e n j a d ir a p u hp a d at a h u n1 9 5 6 .T e m y a t as e m u ai t ud i a k i b a t k a np e n c e m a r a nl o g a ma i rr a k s ad a nC a d m i u my a n gm a s u kk ea i rl a u td i d a e r a ht e r s e b u t .

D a r ip e n j e l a s a nd i a t a sd a p a td i g a m b a r k a nb e t a p ab e s a rk a r u n i aT u h a nd a l a mm e n c i p t a k a nb a k a u - b a k a u a nd i s e p a n j a n gg a r i sp a n t a id iI n d o n e s i a ,n a m u nk a r e n ar e k l a m a s ik e b e r a d a a n n y ab a n y a ky a n gh i l a n g ,p a d a h a lu n t u km e n u m b u h k a nk e m b a l is a n g a ts u l i t ,s e p e r t iy a n gp e m a hd i l a k u k a no l e hD i n a sP e r i k a n a nd a nK e l a u t a nd i s e p a n j a n gp a n t a id iM a d u r ad e n g a nb i a y ay a n gs a n g a tb e s a rn a m u ny a n gd a p a tb e r t a h a nd a nt u m b u hh a n y a5 %s a j ad a nt u m b u h n y a p u nt i d a kd a l a ms a t uk e l o m p o k ,a r t i n y au n t u km e l a k u k a np e n g r u s a k a nl i n g k u n g a nm e m b u t u h k a nw a k t uc u k u ps i n g k a td i b a n d i n g k a nm e n g e m b a l i k a np a d ak o n d i s is e m u l a .

I n t i[ 6 0 ] p e r m a s a l a h a nl i n g k u n g a nh i d u pa d a l a ht e r j a l i n n y ah u b u n g a na n t a rm a h l u kh i d u p ,k h u s u s n y am a n u s i ad e n g a na l a md i s e k i t a r n y ad a nh u b u n g a nt i m b a lb a h ki n i l a hy a n gd i s e b u tE k o l o g i .A n t a r aE k o l o g id a nE k o n o m i ,m e m i l i k ip e r s a m a a n ,d a l a mE k o l o g iy a n gd i p a k a is e b a g a it r a n s a k s ib u k a n l a hm a t au a n g ,

1 0 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2

t e t a p im a t e r i —e n e r g i —i n f o r m a s i .K e c e p a t a nd a nk e t e p a t a na r u sm a t e fi — e n e r g i —i n f o r m a s id a l a ms u a t uk o m u n i t a sm e r u p a k a np e r h a t i a nu t a m ad a l a mE k o l o g i ,s e h i n g g ad a p a td i k a t a k a ns e b a g a ie k o n o r n ia l a my a n gm e l a k u k a nt r a n s a k s id e n g a nc a r at e r s e b u t .

T e r k a d a n gd a l a mp e n g e l o l a a nl i n g k u n g a n ,m a n u s i ah a n y am e l i h a ts a t us i s is a j a ,y a i t uk e p e n t i n g a ne k o n o r n im a n u s i a ,w a l a u p u ns e h e n a m y au n s u r - u n s u ry a n gl a i ns e p e r t it u m b u h a n ,h e w a nd a nu n s u ry a n gt i d a kk a s a tm a t ah a r u s l a hd i p e r h a t i k a nb a i ks e c a r ae k s p l i s i tm a u p u ni m p l i s i ty a n gd i h u b u n g k a nd e n g a nk e p e n t i n g a nm a n u s i as e c a r am e n y e l u r u h .M a n u s i ad i d a l a mk e h i d u p a n n y at i d a k l a hc u k u ph a n y am e m p e r h a t i k a nm a t e r i— e n e r g i— i n f o r m a s i ,t e t a p ij u g au n s u ry a n gl a i ns e p e r t iE k o n o m i ,T e k n o l o g i ,P o l i t i k ,S o s i a l ,d a nB u d a y a .E k o l o g ih a r u sd i t i n j a ud e n g a np e r t i m b a n g a nu n s u r - u n s u ry a n gl a i n n y a ,s e h i n g g ah a s i la k h i ry a n gd i p e r o l e ha k a nm e r u p a k a nk e p u t u s a ny a n gs e i m b a n g ,y a n gb e r m a n f a a tb a g im a s y a r a k a td a nj u g al i n g k u n g a na l a m n y a ,i n i l a hy a n gd i s e b u tp e n d e k a t a nE k o s i s t e my a n gd i b u t u h k a no l e hI n d o n e s i as e b a g a in e g a r ak e p u l a u a n .D i d a l a me k o s i s t e ms e n d i r ip e r l up e n g e t a h u a nt e n t a n gu n s u r — u n s u rm a t e r id a ne n e r g iy a n ga d ad i d a l a m n y as e r t ai n f o r m a s iy a n gb e n a rm e n g e n a ik o n d i s il i n g k u n g a n n y a .. M a t e r i:

. T u b u hm a h l u kh i d u p ,t e r d i r id a r ib e r b a g a im a t e r i ,m e l i p u t iu n s u r — u n s u rs e p e r t ik i m i a ,k a r b o n ,h i d r o g e n ,o k s i g e n ,n i t r o g e nd a nf o s f o r .U n s u r — u n s u rk i m i ad i a l a mi n i s e r i n gb e r k o m b i n a s is e h i n g g am e m b e n t u km o l e k u lm o l e k u ld ia l a m y a n gb e r g u n au n t u kp e r t u m b u h a nm a h l u kh i d u pd i d u n i a .S e p e t t im o l e k u la i r( H 2 0 ) ,m o l e k u lK a r b o nD i o k s i d a( C O Z ) ,m o l e k u lG u l aG l u k o s e( C 6 H 1 2 0 6 ) ,m o l e k u lO k s i g e n( 0 2 )d a nl a i n — l a i n .

. B a g a i m a n ar e a k s ii n id a p a tb e r j a l a nd e n g a nb a i kd i b u t u h k a na d a n y ae n e r g ic a h a y am a t a h a r iy a n gs a n g a tb e s a rp e r a n n y ab a g ik e h i d u p a n .S e l a n j u t n y a ,m a t e r iy a n ga d aa k a nm e n g a l i rs e b a g a is u a t ur a n t a im a k a n a ny a n gs a l i n gb e r h u b u n g a n ,d i m a n ab i l am a h l u kh i d u pi mm a t im a k ab a n g k a i n y aa k a nd i m a k a n o l e h j a s a dr e n i k( j a m u r ,b a k t e r i )y a n ga k a nm e n y u b u r k a nt u m b u h a ny a n gl a i n ,a 1 ' t i n y am a t ar a n t a it e r s e b u tt i d a ka k a nb e r h e n t it e t a p im e r u p a k a ns u a t ur a n g k a i a ny a n gt e r t u t u py a n gt i d a km e n g o t o r ia l a m .D a u r h t t p : l / W W W . p e n a t a a n r u a n g . n e t / t a r u / n s p m / Z 7 / i s i p d f] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2 1 1

m a t e r it e r s e b u td i n a m a k a nD a u rB i o g e o k i m i ak a r e n am e l i p u t ip r o s e sb i o l o g i ,g e o l o g id a nk i m i a w iy a n gm e r u p a k a nj a n ' n gj a r i n gk e h i d u p a nd i m a n at a kt e r p i s a h k a na n t a r au n s u rh i d u pd a nt a kh i d u pd e n g a nl i n g k u n g a n n y a .

. E n e r g i :P e r a ne n e r g id a l a mk e h i d u p a ns a n g a tb e s a r ,t a n p ae n e r g im a h l u kh i d u p

t i d a kb e r d a y a .E n e r g id i p e r l u k a nu n t u kp e r t u m b u h a n ,p e r g e r a k a n ,b e r p i k i r ,b e r k e m b a n gb i a kd a ns e b a g a i n y a ,s e h i n g g ak e h i d u p a nt e r u sb e r l a n g s u n gd ia l a mi n i .B a g it u m b u h a n ,e n e r g im a t a h a r is a n g a td i b u t u h k a nd a l a mp r o s e sf o t o s i n t e s ad i m a n ab e b e r a p am o l e k u ld i u b a hb e n t u k n y am e n j a d is e s u a t uy a n gb e r g u n ab a g ip e r t u m b u h a nt a n a m a nd a np e r s i a p a np e n g e m b a n g a n n y a .S e c a r al a n g s u n gm a u p u nt i d a kl a n g s u n gm a t a h a r ij u g am e m p a k a ns u m b e re n e r g ib a g im a n u s i ak a r e n ap e m a n f a a t a nt u m b u h a nm a u p u nh a s i la l a m ,b e r a r t ij u g am e m a n f a a t k a ne n e r g im a t a h a r iy a n gt e l a hm e m b e n t u k n y am e n j a d ih i d u pd a nb e r k e m b a n g ,s e l a n j u t n y ad a l a mt u b u hm a n u s i at e r j a d im e t a b o l i s m em a k a n a n ,s e h i n g g ad i h a s i l k a nz a t - z a ty a n gb e m a n f a a tb a g it u b u h .S e m u am a h l u kh i d u py a n gm a t ia k a nm e n j a d if o s i ld a nd a l a mk u r u nw a k t uy a n gs a n g a tl a m aa k a nm e n j a d ib a h a nt a m b a n g( m i n y a kb u m i ,b a t u b a r a )y a n gj u g ab e r g u n ab a g ip e m b a n g k i te n e r g iy a n gs a n g a td i b u t u h k a nm a n u s i a .E n e r g id a l a ma l a my a n gj u g ab i s ad i m a n f a a t k a na d a l a ht e n a g ay a n gb e r a s a ld a r ia i rt e r j u n ,a m nj e r a m ,d a na n g i nd il a u ty a n gj u g ab e r m a n f a a tu n t u kp e m b a n g k i tl i s t r i kd a nk e g i a t a np e l a y a r a n .. I n f o r m a s i :

A d a n y ai n f o r m a s i ,s a n g a td i p e r l u k a nd a l a mk e g i a t a na p a p u nd a nd i m a n a p u nj u g ak a r e n ad e n g a ni n f o r m a s is u a t uk e s a l a h a nd a p a td i c e g a hs e d i n im u n g k i n .I n f o r m a s id a p a td i a r t i k a ns e b a g a is u a t uh a ]y a n gm e m b e r i k a np e n g e t a h u a n ,d i m a n ab e n t u k n y ad a p a tb e r m a c a m — m a c a m ,a d ay a n gb e r b e n t u kb e n d afi s i k ,w a r n a ,t u l i s a n ,s u a r ad a ns e b a g a i n y at e r g a n t u n gk e b u t u h a n .K a n d u n g a ni n f o r m a s is u a t up e s a nd a p a td i h i t u n gs e c a r am a t e m a t i s ,a r t i n y am a k i nb e s a rp e n g e t a h u a ny a n gb i s ad i b e r i k a nb e r a r t im a k i nt i n g g im a n f a a td a r ii n f o r m a s it e r s e b u t ,d e m i k i a np u l as e b a l i k n y a .

1 2 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2

K e b e r a d a a nM a t e r i — E n e r g i - I n f o r m a s id a l a ml i n g k u n g a nh a r u st e t a pd i p e l i h a r ad e n g a nb a i ka g a re k o s i s t e ms e t e m p a ts e i m b a n gk o n d i s i n y a .P a d aa w a l n y as e l u r u hl i n g k u n g a nb e r a d ad a l a mk e s e i m b a n g a ne k o l o g i s ,d i m a n as e m u ak o m p o n e nd a l a me k o s i s t e mt e r s e b u tb e r a d ad a l a ms u a t ui k a t a ni n t e r a k s iy a n gh a n n o n i sd a ns t a b i l ,s e h i n g g a k e s e l u r u h a ne k o s i s t e mm e m b e n t u ks u a t up r o s e sy a n gt e r a t u rd a nb e r j a l a nb e r k e l a n j u t a n .A p a b i l at e r j a d ip e r i s t i w ay a n ga l a m i a ha t a un o na l a m i a h ,m a k aa k a n a d aa n c a m a ny a n gs e r i u st e r h a d a pk e b e r l a n g s u n g a nk e h i d u p a ne k o s i s t e my a n ga d as a a ti t u ,s e l a n j u t n y as e c a r ak e s e l u r u h a na k a nm e l a k u k a na d a p t a s ik e m b a l ik e a r a hp r o s e sy a n gh a r r h o n i sd a ns t a b i ll a g i ,p r o s e si n i d i s e b u t r e — e q u i l i b r i u mp r o c e s s .S e t i a pt i n d a k a np e r l ud i p i k i r k a nd a m p a kk e d e p a n n y a ,t e r m a s u kk e r u g i a ny a n gd i t i m b u l k a na k i b a tk e c e r o b o h a ny a n gm e m e n t i n g k a nh a n y an i l a ik e u n t u n g a ns a j ay a n gd i n i k m a t io l e hs e k e l o m p o ko r a n gt e t a p im e n y e n g s a r a k a no r a n gb a n y a k .

K a w a s a np a n t a iy a n gm e m p a k a nb a t a st e r l u a rd a r ip u l a u ,d i d a l a mp e n g e m b a n g a n n y as e b a i k n y at i d a km e m i l i hp e m b a n g u n a nfi s i kp a n t a id e n g a nr e k l a m a s iy a n gd i r a n c a n gs e c a r at o t a l .D e n g a np i l i h a nr e k l a m a s is e b a g a il a n g k a ha w a lp e m b a n g u n a nk a w a s a np a n t a i ,m a k ah a r g ak e r u s a k a nl i n g k u n g a ny a n gh a r u sd i b a y a ra k a ns a n g a tb e s a r ,m e s k in a m p a kd i p e r m u k a a nt e r h a m p a rt a t a n a np a n t a iy a n gt e r l i h a tc a n t i k .S e b e n a r n y ak a w a s a np a n t a ic o c o ku n t u kk e g i a t a nr e k r e a s ip a r i w i s a t ay a n gt i d a km e m e r l u k a np e m b a n g u n a nb e s a r — b e s a r a n ,y a n gj u s t r ub i s am e r u s a kn i l a ik e a s r i a na l a m iy a n gd i m i l i k io l e hp a n t a it e r s e b u ty a n gh a r u s n y ad i j a g ad e n g a nb a i k .J u s t r uk e k a y a a na l a m y a n gm e m i l i k in i l a ij u a li t u l a hy a n gd i o l a hd a nd i m a n f a a t k a nu n t u km e m p e r b a i k ie k o n o m im a s y a r a k _ a tk a w a s a np a n t a is e k a l i g u sm e n i n g k a t k a nP A D( P e n d a p a t a nA s l iD a e r a h )s e t e m p a tt a n p am e r u s a kl i n g k u n g a n n y a .K a w a s a np a n t a iy a n gm e r u p a k a nz o n eb e r i k a tm e m i l i k ik a i t a nd e n g a np a n t a i t e r d e k a td a l a mh a lk o n d i s il i n g k u n g a n n y a ,b a i kfl o r af a u n am a u p u ng e o g r a fi n y a ,s e h i n g g ap e r u b a h a ny a n gd i l a k u k a nd i s u a t up a n t a ia k a nb e r p e n g a r u hp a d a y a n gl a i n n y am e n j a d ik e r u s a k a nb e r a n t a i .K h u s u s n y au n t u kk o n d i s iy a n gu n i kd a nm e n a r i k ,s a n g a t l a hd i s a y a n g k a nb i l ah a m sp u n a ha t a ub e r p i n d a ht e m p a tf a u n a n y a( s e n s i t i fi t a sb i n a t a n gs a n g a tt i n g g i )a t a ufl o r a n y am a t i .

] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2 1 3

D a m p a kn e g a t i fd a r id i l a k s a n a k a n n y ar e k l a m a s i ,a n t a r al a i n: H i l a n g n y ak o n d i s ig e o g r a fiy a n gs p e s i fi k ,m e n a r i kd a na l a m id i s u a t up a n t a i . H i l a n g n y afl o r ad a nf a u n ay a n gs p e s i fi kk a r e n am i g r a s ik e d a e r a hl a i n . R u s a k n y ah u t a nm a n g r o v ey a n gt e r d a p a td i s e p a n j a n gp a n t a iy a n gd i r e k l a m a s i . B e r k u r a n g n y ah a b i t a tu n t u kb e r t e l u rd a nb e r k e m b a n gb i a k n y ai k a na t a uu d a n g . B e r k u r a n g n y afi l t e rp o l u s id a r a t a n . . K e m u n g k i n a na k a nt i m b u l n y ab a h a y ab a n j i rd i k a w a s a ny a n gr e l a t i fr e n d a h

d i p e r k o t a a na k i b a th i l a n g n y at a n d o na i ry a n gs u d a hd i r e k l a m a s i . K e r u s a k a nh u t a nm a n g r o v e ,m e n y e b a b k a nt e r j a d i n y ae r o s ip a n t a id i k a w a s a n

t e r s e b u t . H i l a n g n y an i l a ia l a m iy a n gs e h e n a r n y ap u n y an i l a ij u a ld i k a w a s a nt e r s e b u t . A p a b i l ap e l a k s a n a a nr e k l a m a s iy a n gk u r a n gb a i kd a nk u r a n gc u k u pw a k t u ,

a k a nm e r u g i k a np e m i l i kg e d u n gk a r e n aa d a n y ap e n u r u n a ns t r u k t u rt a n a h n y ay a n gc u k u pb e r b a h a y ab a g ik e s e l a m a t a np e n g g u n an a n t i n y a .

D a m p a kd a m p a kn e g a t i ft e r s e b u td i a t a sd a p a td i e l i m i n i ra p a b i l as e j a ka w a lp e n c e t u s a ng a g a s a nr e k l a m a s ih a m st e r l e b i hd a h u l ud i l a k u k a np e n g k a j i a ns e c a r ao b y e k t i fd a nm e n y e l u r u ht e r h a d a pk a w a s a nt e r s e b u t ,d i t a m b a ha d a n y ap a y u n gh u k u my a n gm e m b a t a s id i l a k u k a n n y ap e m b a n g u n a ny a n gs e c a r at i d a kl a n g s u n gb e r d a m p a kb a g ik e l e s t a r i a nl i n g k u n g a n .A l a ms e m e s t ab e s e r t ai s i n y a ,a d a l a ht i t i p a nd a r iT u h a nu n t u ku m a tm a n u s i a ,o l e hk a r e n a n y ah a r u ss e l a l ud i p e l i h a r ak e l e s t a r i a n n y aa g a rd a p a td i n i k m a t io l e hg e n e r a s im u d as e b a g a ip e n e r u sb a n g s a .

I I I . T I N J A U A NK A W A S A NP A N T A IP a n t a it e r d i r ia t a sp a s i rp a n t a i ,y a n gs t r u k t u r n y ab e r u p ab u t i r a ny a n g

k e c i ld a nt a j a m .K o n d i s ii n im e m u d a h k a na d a n y ap e n y e r a p a na i rl a u tb e r i k u tz a th a r ay a n gt e r b a w ab e r s a m a n y ay a n gm e r u p a k a nm a k a n a nb a g im i k r oo r g a n i s m ed a nb i n a t a n gk e c i ly a n gh i d u p n y ad a nb e r k e m b a n gb i a kd i p a n t a i ,y a n gp a d aa k h i m y am e m b e n t u km a t ar a n t a ip a s o ks e b a g a is u a t ue k o s i s t e mp a n t a i .K e b e r a d a a nb a k t e r ip e n g u r a is a n g a td i b u t u h k a nd i p a n t a ia g a rk e b e r s i h a nk a w a s a n

1 4 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2

d a p a tt e r j a g a .K e s t a b i l a ne k o s i s t e mi n i l a hy a n gp e r l ud i j a g ak e b e r l a n g s u n g a n n y a ,a g a rk o n d i s ip a n t a it e t a pb a i kd a nf u n g s if u n g s i n y ab e r ja l a ns e i m b a n g .

S t r u k t u rp a n t a ia d ab e r m a c a m — m a c a m ,a d ay a n gl a n d a id a ny a n gc u r a m .U m u m n y ay a n gb i a s ad i p a k a iu n t u kb e r b a g a ik e g i a t a na d a l a hy a n gl a n d a ik a r e n al e b i hm u d a hu n t u km e n g e l o l a n y a ,s e d a n g k a ny a n gc u r a ml e b i hs u l i ts e h i n g g aj u s t r ul e b i hm a m p ub e r t a h a ns e c a r aa l a m i .D e n g a nt i d a kb e r u b a h n y ak o n d i s is e t e m p a t ,m a k aa d a p t a s im a k s i m a lt i d a k p e r l ud i l a k u k a nd i d a l a me k o s i s t e m ,k a r e n ak e l e n t u r a nd a l a mp e n g e l o l a a nl i n g k u n g a n h i d u pm a s i hd i m u n g k i n k a n ,w a l a u p u np a d ak o n d i s it e r t e n t us e h a r u s n y at i d a km e m b e r i k a na k o m o d a s ip a d am a l -a d a p t a s io l e hm a n u s i ab a . i k[ 1 6 ]s e c a r al a n g s u n gm a u p u nt i d a kl a n g s u n g .

D e n g a nb e r j a l a n n y aw a k t u ,a d ak e m u n g k i n a nt e r j a d ip e r u b a h a nu k u r a ni n t e n s i t a st e r h a d a pk e s e i m b a n g a ne k o l o g i ,d i m a n aa d a b a g i a n b a g i a nt e r t e n t uy a n gb e r u b a hn a m u nm a s i hd a p a td i t e r i m ao l e he k o s i s t e my a n ga d a ,s e m u a n y ai n ih a r u st e t a pd i d u k u n go l e hp a y u n gh u k u my a n gp a s t i .J a d ij e l a s l a hb a h w ak e s e r a s i a na l a mb u k a n l a hs u a t uh a ]y a n gb e r s i f a tk e k a l ,m e l a i n k a nb e r u b a h — u b a hm e n u r u tu k u r a nm a n g ,t e m p a td a nw a k t u ,n a m u nd e m i k i a nt e t a ph a r u sa d at o l a ku k u m y ay a n gm a s i hd a p a td i t e r i m ao l e hl i n g k u n g a n .

I n t i n y ak a l a ut e r p a k s ah a r u sd i l a k u k a np e m b a n g u n a nd i k a w a s a np a n t a ih a r u sd i u s a h a k a ne k o s i s t e my a n ga d at e t a pb e r k e l a n j u t a n ,d e n g a nd e m i k i a nj e l a s l a hy a n gd i l e s t a r i k a nb u k a ns a j ak e s e r a s i a nd a nk e s e i m b a n g a nl i n g k u n g a nt e t a p ij u g ad a y ad u k u n gl i n g k u n g a n n y ay a n gd a p a tm e n o p a n gk e b e r l a n j u t a nd a l a mp e m b a n g u n a n .A r t i n y aw a l a u p u nl i n g k u n g a nm e n g a l a m ip e r u b a h a n ,n a m u nt e t a pd a l a mk o n d i s iy a n gm a m p um e n o p a n gs e c a r at e r u s — m e n e r u sp e r t u m b u h a nd a np e r k e m b a n g a nd i m a s ad e p a n .Y a n gt e r j a d is a a ti n i ,k e g i a t a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a im e r u p a k a ns a l a hs a t up r i m a d o n ad a l a mm e n d o n g k r a kn i l a it a m b a hy a n gd i h a s i l k a n ,s e p e r t id ik a w a s a nS u r a b a y aT i m u ry a n gd i p a k a iu n t u kp e r u m a h a nk a l a n g a nm e n e n g a h ,j u g ap a r i w i s a t ap a n t a iK e n j e r a ny a n gd i t u n j a n go l e hp e m b a n g u n a nfi s i kb a n g u n a ny a n gk u r a n gb e r a d a p t a s il i n g k u n g a n ,s e h i n g g aj e n i sb u r u n g — b u r u n gt e r t e n t um u n g k i nb e r p i n d a ht e m p a ta t a uj u s t r um e n g a l a m ik e p u n a h a n ,s e l a i np a n t a i n y ay a n gb e r f u n g s is e b a g a id a e r a hp e n y a n g g aa i rh u j a nk a r e n ap e m b a n g u n a nfi s i km e n g a k i b a t k a nb a n j i rd i d a e r a hy a n gl a i ns e p e r t i

] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2 1 5

S u k o l i l oy a n gs e m u l at i d a kp e m a hm e n g a l a m ib a n j i rs e k a r a n gj a d is e r i n gm e n g a l a m ib a n j i rk e t i k am u s i mh u j a n .B a n g s aI n d o n e s i as e b a g a in e l a y a nu l u n gy a n gd i d u k u n go l e hk o n d i s ig e o g r a fi sn e g a r ak e p u l a u a n ,s e b e n a r n y at i t i kb e r a tp e r h a t i a nh a r u sp a d ak e h i d u p a nn e l a y a ny a n gh a r u sd i t i n g k a t k a np e n d a p a t a n n y ad a nd i b i n ak e h i d u p a n n y a .S a a ti n in e l a y a nm a s i hh i d u pk u r a n gl a y a k ,b a i ki n c o m ep e r k a p i t a n y am a u p u nk o n d i s ih u n i a n n y a .K e b e r a d a a np a n t a iy a n gs a l i n gb e r h u b u n g a n ,h a r u sd i t a t as e c a r am a k r oa g a rs a t us a m al a i ns a l i n gm e n d u k u n gd a nb e r k o m p e t i s is e c a r as e h a td e r n ik e m a j u a nb e r s a m a .

T a t a n a nh u n i a nd a ns a r a n ap r a s a r a n ap e r m u k i m a nn e l a y a ny a n gb e r s i f a ti n c r e m e n t a l ,s a n g a tj a u hd a r il a y a kp e r l us e g e r ad i l a k u k a np e m b e n a h a ns e c a r am e n y e l u r u hd a nd i b i n ak e h i d u p a nk e l u a r g a n y ad e n g a nm e m b e r i k a nb e r b a g a ip e n y u l u h a ns e c a r at e r j a d w a lm e n g e n a ip e l u a n g — p e l u a n ge k o n o m id a nk e s e h a t a nm a s y a r a k a ty a n ga d at e t a p is e l a m ai n it i d a kd i m a n f a a t k a nd e n g a nb a i kk a r e n at i d a kd i k e t a h u io l e hk e l u a r g an e l a y a n .P e n j e l a s a nt e n t a n ga r t ip e n t i n g n y am e n j a g ak e l e s t a r i a nd a nk e b e r s i h a nl i n g k u n g a nk a w a s a np a n t a is a n g a td i p e r l u k a n ,s e b a bp e r c u m as a j ad i l a k u k a np e n a t a a nh u n i a nn a m u nt e t a pk u m u hk o n d i s i n y ay a n ga k a nb e r d a m p a kn e g a t i fb a g ik e s e h a t a nm a s y a r a k a t .

K e b e r a d a a na i rb e r s i hp u np e r l ud i s e d i a k a no l e hp e m e r i n t a hd a e r a h ,b i l ap e r l ut i d a ka d ap e m u n g u t a nb i a y ad i d a l a mp e n g a d a a n n y a ,n a m u nk e d e p a n n y ah a r u sd i k e l o l ad e n g a nb e n a ro l e hm a s y a r a k a tn e l a y a na g a rt e t a pb e r f u n g s id a nb e r j a l a nd e n g a nb a i k .D e n g a na d a n y ak e h i d u p a ny a n gl a y a kd a r ik e l u a r g an e l a y a n ,m a k ak e p a l ak e l u a r g aa k a nl e b i hf o k u sd a l a mm e n c a r it a n g k a p a ni k a h ,s e h i n g g ah a s i l n y a p u na k a nl e b i hm a k s i m a l .D i d a l a mm a s y a r a k a ty a n gs u d a hc u k u pm a p a nk e h i d u p a nk e l u a r g a n y aa k a nl e b i hm u d a hd i a t u rd a nd i b i n ak e a r a hy a n gl e b i hm a j ul a g i ,d e m i k i a np u l ak o m u n i t a sn e l a y a ny a n gc u k u pb e s a rj u m l a h n y ad i s e p a n j a n gp a n t a i .P e r m u k i m a nn e l a y a ns e b a i k n y am e m a n f a a t k a na r s i t e k t u ry a n gb e r w a w a s a nl i n g k u n g a ny a n gs e d e r h a n ad a nd i s e s u a i k a nd e n g a nh a b i t a tp a n t a i .P a r an e l a y a nj u g ah a r u sm e n d a p a t k a np e n y u l u h a nt e n t a n gt e k n i sb a n g u n a ns e d e r h a n a ,m a k s u d n y aa g a rb i s am a n d i r id a l a mm e m p e r b a i k id a nm e n g e m b a n g k a nh u n i a n n y ab i l at e r j a d ik e r u s a k a nk e c i l .A n t a r aa r s i t e k t u rb a n g u n a nd a nt e k n i ks a n g a te r a tk a i t a n n y a ,d a nm a n u s i as e b a g a ii n s a nt e k n i k

1 6 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2

h a r u sb i j a k s a n ad i d a l a mm e m ü i hb a h a nb a n g u n a ny a n gb e r w a w a s a nl i n g k u n g a nu n t u km e n j a g ak e b e r l a n j u t a ne k o s i s t e ms e b a g a ih a b i t a th i d u pk i t a .

K e b e r h a s i l a nd i k a w a s a ns a t ua k a nb e r l a n j u tk e k a w a s a ny a n gl a i ns e h i n g g ap a d aa k h i r n y ad i s e p a n j a n gp a n t a ib e m i l a ik e p a r i w i s a t a a n ,m u n g k i np e m e r i n t a hd a e r a hh a n y ap e r l um e n a m b a h k a nb e b e r a p ab a n g u n a nb i o l o g i ky a n gb e r w a w a s a nl i n g k u n g a nu n t u kk e p e n t i n g a nu m u ms e p e r t im e n j u a ls o u v e n i rh a s i ll a u t ,m a k a n a nb u d i d a y al a u to l a h a ns e h a t ,t o i l e tu m u ms e k a l i g u sm e n g h i d u p k a np a r i w i s a t ap a n t a i n y a .S e l a n j u t n y ak e b e r a d a a nh o t e ly a n gs u d a ha d a ,t e t a ph a r u sm e m p e r h a t i k a nk a i d a h—k a i d a hl i n g k u n g a n n y ad a nb e r s i n e r g id e n g a ne k s i s t e n s ik a w a s a nn e l a y a ny a n gd i s e k i t a r n y a .S e b e n a m y at i n d a k a nr e k l a m a s ib i s as a j ad i l a k u k a nb i l am e m a n gt e r p a k s ak a r e n at i d a ka d aj a l a nl a i ny a n gd i t e m p u h ,n a m u ny a n gp e n t i n gp a y u n gh u k u mh a r u sd i l a k s a n a k a nk o n s i s t e na g a rk e r u s a k a np a n t a ib i s ad i h i n d a r i .

M a n u s i am e m p a k a nb a g i a nd a r il i n g k u n g a n ,n a m u ns e c a r as a d a ra t a ut i d a ks u d a hs e r i n g k a l im e m b e b a n il i n g k u n g a nd e n g a nh a l — h a ly a n gm e s t i n y at i d a kd i l a k u k a nk a r e n aa d ab a t a sb e b a ny a n gd a p a td i t o l e r i r ,s e h i n g g aa k i b a tk e s e w e n a n g a ni n i d i k e m u d i a nh a r im a n u s i aa k a nm e n u a id a m p a ky a n gd i t i m b u l k a n ,b e r u p ab e n c a n aa l a ms e p e r t it s u n a m iy a n gp e m a hd i a l a m ib e b e r a p at e m p a td iI n d o n e s i ab e b e r a p at a h u ny a n gl a l u .

K A J I A NTH E O R Y. T h e o r yT u r n e r( d a l a mH o u s i n gA sa V e r b ) ,d i p a k a iu n t u km e n g k a j ip e n a t a a n

h u n i a np a r an e l a y a nd e n g a nt i t i kt i n j a uk e d e k a t a np a d at e m p a tk e r j a n y a( k a w a s a np a n t a id a nl a u t ) ,p a d ak e l e n g k a p a ns a r a n ap r a s a r a n ay a n gd i m i l i k iu n t u kb e k e r j ad ik a w a s a np a n t a id a np a d ak o n d i s ih u n i a n n y ay a n gt e r l e t a kd i s e p a n j a n gp a n t a i( p e r l us p e s i fi k a s i ) .

. T h e o r yB a r b a r aW o r d( d a l a mT h eH o m eo fM a n ) ,d i p a k a iu n t u km e n g k a j ik e t e r b a t a s a ns u m b e rd a n a y a n gd i m i l i k io l e hP e m e r i n t a hI n d o n e s i ad a l a mp e n g a d a a nr u m a hb a g ik a l a n g a nl o wi n c o m e ,s e h i n g g ap e r a nm a s y a r a k a ts a n g a td i p e r l u k a nd a l a mm e m e n u h ik e b u t u h a ni n i ,s e d a n g k a np e r a nP e m e r i n t a h

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h a n y as e b a g a ip e n d o r o n g d a np e n y e d i as a r a n ap r a s a r a n ap e r m u k i m a nn e l a y a nd ik a w a s a np a n t a i .

. T h e o r yT u r n e r( d a l a mF r e e d o mT oB u i l d ) ,d i p a k a iu n t u km e n g k a j ip e r b a i k a ne k o n o m im a s y a r a k a tn e l a y a n ,p e r l um e n d a p a t k a np r i o r i t a sp e r t a m as e b a bd e n g a ne k o n o m ik e l u a r g ay a n gk u a ts e l a n j u t n y ak e h i d u p a nn e l a y a nd a p a tb e r k e m b a n g .D i s i n ip e r a np e m e r i n t a hs a n g a td i p e r l u k a nd a l a mm e m b e n ' k a np e n y u l u h a nb e r b a g a ip e l u a n ge k o n o m im a s y a r a k a tl o wi n c o m e .

. T h e o r yB a r b a r aW o r d( d a l a mH o u s i n gB e y o n dH o m e ) ,d i p a k a id a l a mk o n s e p s ip a d ap e n a t a a nk a w a s a np e r m u k i m a nn e l a y a n ,y a n gm e m p e r h a t i k a nk e s e i m b a n g a na n t a r am a n u s i a —r u m a h —a l a md e n g a nl i n g k u n g a ny a n gm e n g i k u t ip o l am a s y a r a k a t ,a g a rt e r j a l i nh u b u n g a ny a n ge r a td a nd i n a m i sa n t a r ak e t i g au n s u rt e r s e b u ts e c a r ab e r k e l a n j u t a ns e h i n g g ak e l e s t a r i a ne k o s i s t e md a p a tt e r j a g ad e n g a nb a i k .

' T h e o r yY o s h i n o b uA s h i h a r a ,d i k a t a k a nb a h w au n t u km e n a t as u a t uk a w a s a nd a l a mb e n t u ky a n gt e r i n t e g r a s ia n t a r aw i l a y a ht e r b a n g u nd a nm a n gl u a r n y a ,t e r m a s u l ;d i s i n ik a w a s a nl a i ny a n gs a l i n gb e r k o r e l a s is e p e r t ik e b e r a d a a nk o t ay a n gb e r b a t a s a n ,a k a nd a p a tl e b i hm e n i n g k a t k a nk o n d i s ifi s i kd a r il i n g k u n g a ny a n gd i b a n g u n .

. R T R W( R e n c a n aT a t aR u a n gW i l a y a h )d ik a w a s a ns t u d id i p a k a iu n t u km e n g k a j ia r a hp e r k e m b a n g a nk o t ad e n g a ns a r a n ap r a s a r a n ay a n ga d a ,d e n g a nd e m i k i a ns u d a hd a p a td i p r e d i k s if a s i l i t a sa p as a j ay a n gc o c o kd a na k a nd i b a n g u nk e d e p a n n y a ,s e h i n g g ad a l a ml e b i hm e m e n u h ik e b u t u h a nk a w a s a nt e r b a n g u nm a s i hb i s ad i t a m b a h k a np a d ar e n c a n ad e t a i l n y ad e n g a nt e t a pm e n g a c up a d aR T R Wy a n ga d a .

P e r e n c a n a a nd i k a w a s a np a n t a id i d o m i n a s ih u n i a nn e l a y a ny a n gs a m b u n gm e n y a m b u n gd i s e p a n j a n gp a n t a i .P e r m u k i m a ni n im e m p a k a nb a g i a ni n t e g r a ld e n g a np e r k e m b a n g a nk o t ay a n gb e r b a t a s a ns e c a r al a n g s u n g ‚ o l e hk a r e n a n y aR T R Wy a n gd i t e t a p k a nb e r s i f a tm e n y e l u r u hd a ns o l i dd i s e l u r u hk a w a s a np a n t a iy a n ga d a .B i a s a n y ap e m e r i n t a hk o t aa k a nm e n g k a j ik a w a s a n ,d e n g a ns u a t uk e p u t u s a ny a n gh a m p i rs a m au n t u kd a e r a h — d a e r a hy a n gm e m p u n y a ip e r s a m a a nl a n du s e ,d e m i k i a np u l ah a l n y ad e n g a nk a w a s a np a n t a i .

1 8 ] u r n a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2

V . K E S I M P U L A N/ S A R A N

D a r i p e m b a h a s a nr e k l a m a s ip a n t a it e r s e b u td i a t a s ,m a k ad a p a td i s i m p u l k a nb a n y a kh a ]y a n gn a n t i n y ap e r l ud i t e t a p k a n ,l e b i hd i s e m p u m a k a na t a uj u s t r uh a r u sd i g a n t ik a r e n ab i s am e n g g a n g g ue k o s i s t e my a n ga d a ;y a n gp e n j e l a s a n n y as e b a g a ib e r i k u t:

. K e g i a t a nr e k l a m a s id a p a td i l a k u k a n ,b i l ap e n g k a j i a nt e r h a d a pb e r b a g a ia s p e ky a n gt e r k a i ts u d a hd i l a k u k a nd e n g a nt e l i t i ]s e k s a m a ,m e n y e l u r u h ,d a l a mw a k t uy a n gc u k u pd a nr e l a t i fb e r s a m a a n ,a r t i n y ad e n g a nm e n g k a j ib e b e r a p af a k t o rs e c a r ab e r b a r e n g a nb e r t u j u a na g a rd a p a td i k e t a h u il e b i hd i n ib i l at e r j a d is u a t uk e t i m p a n g a n ,y a n gp e n t i n gm e n g g u n a k a nm e t o d ep e n e l i t i a ny a n gt e l a hd i a k u im a t e r ik e a b s a h a n n y ad a nt e r u j id il a p a n g a nu n t u kp r o y e k -p r o y e kb e s a r .

. S e m u as a m p e ly a n gd i p a k a id a l a mp e n e l i t i a nh a m sl e n g k a pd a nb e n a r - b e n a rm e w a k i l ik o n d i s ik a w a s a ny a n gr e n c a n a n y aa k a nd i r e k l a m a s i ,s e r t ad i j a m i nv a l i d i t a s n y at i d a ka d ar e k a y a s ao b y e ky a n gd i t e l i t id a nt i d a ka d ap e r w a k i l a ns t u d ik a s u s .

. T i my a n gm e l a k u k a ns t u d ik e l a y a k a nm e m p a k a nk o n s u l t a np r o f e s i o n a l ,i n d e p e n d e n ,d a nb e r p e n g a l a m a nd i b i d a n gy a n gs e s u a iy a n gd i t u n j u k k a nd e n g a nb u k t i — b u k t io t e n t i kS e r t i fi k a tB a d a nU s a h ay a n gm a s i hb e r l a k ud a ns a h .K o n s u l t a nt e r s e b u t ,m e m i l i k it e n a g aa h l it e t a py a n gb e r i j a z a h s a r j a n am i n i m a lS I y a n gs e s u a ib i d a n g ,s e r t am e m p u n y a is e r t i fi k a tk e a h l i a ny a n gd i a k u iA s o s i a s i( m a s i hb e r l a k u )d a nb e r p e n g a l a m a nm e n a n g a n ip e k e r j a a n —p e k e r j a a ns e j e n i sd a l a ms k o p eb e s a rm i n i m a l5 ( l i m a )t a h u nt e r a k h i r( d i b u k t i k a nd e n g a nr e k a m a nd a t aa s l iK o n t r a k ) .

. S e t e l a hs t u d ik e l a y a k a ns e l e s a id i l a k s a n a k a np e r l ud i k o n s u l t a s i k a nd a nd i p a p a r k a nd a l a mf o r u mr e s m id e n g a nm e n g u n d a n gp a r aa h l ip a k a rl i n g k u n g a n ,r e k l a m a s ip a n t a i ,g e o d e s i ,s i p i lh i d r o ,p e r i k a n a n ,p e r t a n i a n ,p e m e r i n t a hd a e r a hd a nk o t a ,d a nl a i n n y ay a n gd i a n g g a pt e r k a i td e n g a np r o y e k,u n t u km e n d a p a t k a np e n g u j i a nm a t e r is e k a l i g u so b y e k t i v i t a sh a s i ls t u d i .A p a b i l am e m a n gb a n y a kh a ]y a n gd i a n g g a pt i d a kb i s ad i t e r i m ao l e hf o r u m ,m a k ap e r l ud i p e r b a i k ik e m b a l iu j i m a t e r i n y ad a nn a n t i n y as e t e l a hs e l e s a i

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p e n y e m p u m a a n n y ap e r l ud i p a p a r k a nk e m b a l i .D a r ih a s i lp e n i l a i a nf o r u mr a p a ty a n gk e d u ai n i l a hd a p a td i t e t a p k a na p a k a hr e k l a m a s ip a n t a ib i s ad i t e r i m aa t a ud i b a t a l k a np e l a k s a n a a n n y ak a r e n ad i a n g g a pm e m b a h a y a k a nl i n g k u n g a nh i d u pd a ne k o s i s t e m .P a d ap r i n s i p n y ak e g i a t a nr e k l a m a s is e b a i k n y at i d a kd i l a k u k a nk a r e n ab i a y a n y as a n g a tb a n y a kd a nn i ] a ik e r u s a k a nl i n g k u n g a ny a n gh a r u sd i b a y a rj u g ab e s a r .N a m u n[ 9 ] b i l am e m a n gm e m p a k a nk e b u t u h a nm e n d e s a ks e p e r t ip e n g e m b a n g a nk a w a s a nb u d i d a y ay a n gt e l a ha d ad is i s id a r a t a n ,a t a um e m p a k a nb a g i a nw i l a y a hd a r ik a w a s a np e r k o t a a ny a n gc u k u pp a d a ts e h i n g g am e m b u t u h k a np e n g e m b a n g a n /p e m e k a r a nw i l a y a hd i m a n ak a w a s a nt e r s e b u tb e r a d ad i l u a rh u t a nb a k a u /h u t a nl i n d u n g /t a m a nn a s i o n a l /t a m a ns u a k am a r g a s a t w a /c a g a ra l a m /a c u a nb a t a sw i l a y a hd e n g a nd a e r a hl a i n, m a k am a s i hb i s ad i l a k s a n a k a na s a l k a nm e m e n u h ia t u r a n — a t u r a ny a n gd i t e t a p k a no l e hp e m e r i n t a h /l i n g k u n g a nh i d u py a n gm a s i hb e r l a k u .K a w a s a np a n t a iy a n gd i r e k l a m a s is e b a i k n y at e t a pd i j a g ak e s e i m b a n g a ne k o s i s t e m n y ad i d a l a ml i n g k u n g a ny a n gb a r ud a nt e t a pd i p e r h a t i k a nf u n g s ia w a l n y as e b a g a ik a w a s a nt e r b u k a ,s e h i n g g as a r a n a /p r a s a r a n ad ip e r k o t a a nd a nd ik a w a s a ny a n g b e r d a m p i n g a nh a r u ss a l i n gm e n u n j a n gs a t us a m a1 a i nm e m b e n t u kk a w a s a nb e r i k a tb a r uy a n gs o l i d .P e r m u k i m a nn e l a y a nd i k a w a s a np a n t a it i d a kd a p a tt e r l e p a sb e g i t us a j ad a l a mk e g i a t a np e m b a n g u n a nk o t ay a n gb e r d a m p i n g a n ,m a k ap e n y u s u n a ns t r a t e g ip e n a t a a nk a w a s a np a n t a ip e r l um e m p e r t a h a n k a nf a k t o r - f a k t o rp o t e n s i a ly a n ga d as e b a g a iu n s u r - u n s u rp e n u n j a n gp a r i w i s a t ay a n gb i s at e r u sd i k e m b a n g k a nk e d e p a n n y a .P e r l ud i t e g a s k a nb a h w ak a w a s a np a n t a im e m i l i k in i l a ie k o n o m i sd a nl i n g k u n g a ny a n gt e t a ph a r u sm e n d a p a tp e r h a t i a nd i d a l a mp e n g e l o l a a nd a np e n g e n d a l i a n n y ak a r e n ab e r d a m p a kb e s a rb a i ks e c a r al a n g s u n gm a u p u nt i d a kb a g ip e r k e m b a n g a nk o t ay a n gb e r d a m p i n g a n .A d a n y ae l e m e n — e l e m e ny a n gb e r s i f a ts t r a t e g i sd a l a ml o k a s ib i s ad i a n g g a ps e b a g a ie l e m e np e r i n t i su n t u km e m u l a ik e g i a t a np e n a t a a nk a w a s a n .S u a t u

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D A F T A RP U S T A K A:A c aS u g a n d h y ,P r i n s i pB a s a rK e b i j a k a nP e m b a n g u n a nB e r k e l a n j u t a nB e r w a w a s a nL i n g k u n g a n ,B u m iA k s a r a ,2 0 0 7 .A l t m a n ,I r w i n ,( U n i v e r s i t yo fU t a h )a n dW a n d e r s m a n ,A b r a h a m( U n i v e r s i t yo fS o u t hC a r o l i n a ) ,N e i g h b o r h o o dA n dC o m m u n i t yE n v i r o n m e n t ,1 9 7 9 .E k o ,B u d i h a r d j o ,K o t aB e r w a w a s a nL i n g k u n g a n ,A l u m n iB a n d u n g ,1 9 9 3 .G i b b e r d ,F r e d e r i c k ,T h eN e i g b o u r h o o dI nT o w nD e s i g n ,F r e d e r i c kAP r a e g e rP u b l i s h e r ,N e wY o r k ,1 9 8 2 .G u n a d i ,S u g e n g ,D a l a mT e r j e m a h a n ,D e s i g nO fC i t i e s ,B a c o nE d m u n d ,N ,1 9 7 5 .N i m p u n o ,J o h n ,S ,K e r a n g k aP e r i l a k uP e r k o t a a nI n d o n e s i aT a h u n2 0 0 0 ,1 9 8 5 .P e r a t u r a nD a e r a hN o . 2T a h u n2 0 0 6 -R e n c a n aT a t aR u a n gW i l a y a h( R T R W ) ,P r o p i n s iJ a w aT i m u r .S i l a s ,J o h a n ,H o u s i n gB e y o n dH o m e ,I n s t i t u tT e k n o l o g iS u r a b a y a ,1 9 9 3 .T u r n e r ,F ,J o h n ,a n d ,F i c h t e r ,R o b e r t ,F r e e d o mT0 B u i l d ,T w e l l e rC o n t r o lo fT h eH o u s i n gP r o c e s s ,T h eM a c m i l l a nC o m p a n y ,N e wY o r k ,M a c m i l l a nL i m i t e d ,D e c e m b r e ,1 9 7] .h t t p : / / w w w . p e n a t a a n r u a n g . n e t l t a r u l n s p m l 2 7 l i s i . p d f

2 2 ] u m a lC e n d e k i a ,V o l .1 ,N o .1 ,A p r i l2 0 1 2