Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT

CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT

VÀ LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG 2009

Môn: TIẾNG ANH

Chuyên đề: DANH TỪ ĐI VỚI GIỚI TỪ

I. MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ

- Tiếp nối chuyên đề trước, chuyên đề này sẽ tiếp tục trình bày về vấn đề cơ bản sự kết

hợp giữa danh từ với giới từ. Mỗi danh từ thường đi với một giới từ nhất định và dưới

đây sẽ trình bày một số danh từ và giới từ thường gặp.

II. KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN

1. Noun + for…

A cheque for (a sum of money):

- They sent me a cheque for £75.

A demand for/a need for…..:

- The firm closed down because there wasn’t enough demand for its

product

A reason for…:

- The train was late but nobody knew the reason for the delay.

2. Noun + of…

An advantage/ a disadvantage of…:

- The advantage of living alone is that you can do what you like.

Nhưng chúng ta thường nói: “there is an advantage in doing something”

There are many advantages in living alone.

A cause of…:

- Nobody knows what the cause of the explosion was.

A photograph/ a picture/ a map/ a plan/ a drawing of…:

- She showed me some photographs of her family.

3. Noun + in…

An increase/ a decrease/ a rise/ a fall in …:

- there has been an increase in the number of road accidents recently.

4. Noun + to…

Damage to…:

- The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage to the other

car.

An invitation to…(a party, a wedding):

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Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT

- Did you get an invitation to the party?

A solution to (a problem)/ a key to (a door)/ an answer to (a question)/ a reply

to (a letter)/ a reaction to….:

- Do you think we’ll find the solution to the problem?

- I was surprised at her reaction to my suggestion.

An attitude to (towards) …:

- His attitude to his job is very negative.

5. Noun + with…/between…

A relationship/a connection/contact with…:

- Do you have a good relationship with your parents?

- The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery.

Nhưng: a relationship/a connection/a difference between two things or people

- There are some differences between British and American English.

6. At/ on/ in (chỉ thời gian) + noun

At : (for the time of day)

At 5 o’clock, at midnight, at lunch time, at sunset, at night, at the

weekend, at weekends, at the moment, at present, at the same time, at

Christmas…

On (for days and dates)

On Friday(s), on 29 June 1987, on Christmas day, on my birthday…

In (for longer periods)

In October, in 1986, in the 19th century, in winter, in the past, in the

1970s, in future…

Chú ý: Chúng ta nói “in the morning(s), in the afternoon(s), in the evening(s)”

nhưng chúng ta nói “on Friday morning(s), on Sunday afternoon(s)…”

7. At/ on/ in (chỉ địa điểm) + noun

in: ở trong. Ví dụ: in a room, in a building, in a garden, in a country, in a line,

in a picture, in the sky, in the world, in a book/newspaper, in bed…

on: ở trên. Ví dụ: on the floor, on the chair, on the beach, on the wall, on the

ceiling, on a farm, on a map, on the menu, on the way to……

at: ở. Ví dụ: at the bus stop, at the window, at home, at university, at a party,at

the station, at the airport …

Ví dụ:

There’s no one in the room.

When I go to the cinema, I prefer to sit in the front row.

Who is that man standing at the bus stop?

Write your name at the top of the page.

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Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT

I sat on the beach.

There is a label on the bottle.

So sánh các trường hợp sau:

- In the corner of the

room…

Ví dụ: The television is in

the corner of the room

- In the front/in the back of

- At the corner of the

street

Ví dụ: There is a public

telephone at the corner

of the street.

- At the front/at the back - On the front/on the

a car

Ví dụ:

of a

building/cinema/group

back of a letter/piece

of paper…

I was sitting in the back (of of people Write your name on

a car) when we crashed. The garden is at the back the back of this

of the house envelope.

I was standing at the

back, so I couldn’t see

very well.

- At the end (of something): - In the end = finally

thời gian khi cái gì kết thúc

I’m going away at the end

of June

At the end of the concert,

there was great applause.

- On a bus/on a train/on a

plane/on a ship/ on a

bicycle/on a horse/on a

Jim couldn’t decide

where to go for his

holidays. In the end, he

didn’t go anywhere.

- In a car/ in a taxi

(chúng ta dùng “in” cho

“car” và “taxi”)

- By bus/by car/by

bicycle (bằng

phương tiện gì)

motorbike

The bus was very full.

There were too many

people on it.

8. On/ at/ in + noun (other uses)

George arrived in a taxi. I go to school by bus

On holiday/on business/on a trip/on a tour/on a cruise…

- Tom’s away at the moment. He’s on holiday in France.

- Did you go to Germany on business or on holiday?

Bạn cũng có thể nói “go to a place for a holiday”

On television/on the radio:

- I didn’t watch the news on television, but I heard it on the radio.

On the phone/ telephone:

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Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT

- I’ve never met her but I’ve spoken to her on the phone.

On fire: đang cháy

- Look! That car is on fire.

On purpose: cố ý

- I’m sorry. I didn’t do it on purpose.

On the whole: nhìn chung

- Sometimes I have problems at work but on the whole I enjoy my job.

On strike: đình công

- There are no trains today. The railway workers are on strike.

In the rain/in the shade/ in the sun/ in the dark/ in bad weather..

- We sat in the shade. It was too hot to sit in the sun.

In ink/in pencil: (but “with the pencil”)

- When you do the exam, you’re not allowed to write in pencil

- I write the letter with a pencil.

In cash (but “by cheque/by credit card”)

- I paid the bill in cash.

In (my) opinion: theo ý tôi..

- In my opinion,the film wasn’t very good.

At risk: bị đe dọa, bị nguy hiểm

- Birds are at risk of being injured or orphaned.

III. CỦNG CỐ KIẾN THỨC

Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nó cùng nghĩa với câu thứ nhất.

1. What caused the explosion?

–> What was the cause ……………..?

2. We’re trying to solve the problem.

–> We’re trying to find a solution……………….

3. Sue gets on well with her brother.

–> Sue has a good relationship……………….

4. Prices have gone up a lot.

–> There has been a big increase ……………………

5. I don’t know how to answer the question.

–> I can’t think of an answer ………………

6. I don’t think that a new road is necessary.

–> I don’t think there is any need…………

7. The number of people without jobs fell last month.

–> Last one there was a fall …………….

8. Nobody wants to buy shoes like these any more.

–> There is no demand…………………

9. In what way is your job different frommine?

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–> What is the difference……………………….?

Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu sử dụng một trong các danh từ dưới đây và một giới từ

hích hợp: Cause, connection, invitation, map, reason, damage, contact, key, pictures, reply

1. On the wall there were some pictures and a…………………the world.

2. Thank you for the……………..your party next week.

3. Since she left home two years ago, she has had little ………….her family.

4. I can’t open this door. Have you got a……………the other door?

5. The ………….the fire at the hotel last night is still unknown.

6. I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a ………….my letter.

7. The two companies are completely independent. There is no………….them.

8. Jane showed me some old………………..the city as it looked 100 years.

9. Carol has decided to give up her job. I don’t know her………….doing this.

10. It wasn’t a bad accident. The……………..the car wasn’t serious.

Bài tập 3: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào mỗi chỗ trống sau:

1. It’s difficult to contact Sarah because she is not………..the phone.

2. I feel lazy this evening. Is there anything worth watching………..TV?

3. Can you turn the light, please? I don’t want to sit………the dark.

4. I wouldn’t like to go…………a cruise. I think I’d get bored.

5. I mustn’t eat too much. I’m supposed to be ………….a diet.

6. Ann thought the restaurant was OK, but ……….my opinion, it wasn’t very good.

7. I won’t be here next week. I’ll be………..holiday.

8. I didn’t see you ………..the party on Saturday. Where were you?

9. Shall we travel ………….your car or mine?

10. We stayed ………….a very nice hotel when we were ………….Amsterdam.

Đáp án:

Bài 1:

1. What was the cause of the explosion?

2. We’re trying to find a solution to the problem.

3. Sue has a good relationship with her brother.

4. There has been a big increase in prices.

5. I can’t think of an answer to your question.

6. I don’t think there is any need of a new road.

7. Last month there was a fall in the number of people without jobs.

8. There is no demand for shoes.

9. What is the difference between your job and mine?

Bài 2:

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