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Arabic

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A noun(or a substantive) (Arabic:

= a name") is a name or anattribute of a person (Muhammad /

Ahmad), place (Makkah), thing(House), or quality (Honour).

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Hazaa -

A type of preposition, means - This

This = used for masculine

This = used for feminine

These = used for both

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Dual

These two = used formasculine

These two = used forfeminine

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Hazaa -

use a Masculine Word e.g. use a Feminine Word e.g. use any plural Word

Why is feminine? Answer: It has a

at the end. So every word with at theend is a feminine word!

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Maa - The word maa can mean several

things in Arabic.:

It can be an interrogative pronounmeaning "what?"

It can be a relative pronounmeaning"what..."

It can be a negative word meaning"not."
http://arabic.tripod.com/Interrogation3.htmhttp://arabic.tripod.com/RelativePronouns1.htmhttp://arabic.tripod.com/Negation1.htmhttp://arabic.tripod.com/Negation1.htmhttp://arabic.tripod.com/RelativePronouns1.htmhttp://arabic.tripod.com/Interrogation3.htm

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Maa -In conclusion:

has many meanings dependingon where it comes in a sentenceand in what context.

In our example it is: What is

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Hamza Istafihaam -

can come before a noun or verb

(preposition)

If before a noun it would mean: isthis? Or is this a.?

Or if before a verb then: did..?

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M-an - and

in Arabic meanswho

in Arabic means and

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Lesson 2 -

means Thatwhen indicating

towards masculine objects

So would mean what is that?

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Lesson 2 -

So means: This

And means: That

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Examples

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Lesson 3 - Sentences

We are now joining 2 words togetherto create a simple sentence

This sentence will be called: JumlahIsmiyah (A noun sentence)

It is called Ismiyah (noun) becausethe first word in these sentencesbegin with a noun

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Lesson 3 - Sentences

So if the sentence begins with averb, it would be called: JumlahFaliyah (A verb Sentence)

Conclusion: There can only ever be2 types of sentances: Ismiyah andFaliyah! (Noun or verb Sentence)

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An Example Jumlah Ismiyah

The door is open.

Lets break this down.

First word: (The Door)Noticeat the start? This is the definite

Article. = TheDoor

1st word, Door is a noun = Ism. So thissentence is: Jumlah Ismiyah

Doesnt matter what second word is. Noun / verb.

Still a Jumlah Ismiyah.

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An Example

The door is open.

Second Word: (Open)

Noticethere is no at the start? So we canuse A definite Subject (The Door)and a non-definite predicate (open)together!

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An Example

The door is open.

Finally all Nouns (ism) end in 2 pesh(Dhammah), also known asTanween. When there is a at the

beginning of a word, then thetanween will no longer be there anda single harkaat would replace it:One pesh

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An Example

(The man) is a (student)

This is the 2nd word (last word) in the

sentence. It is called

This is the 1st word in the sentence. It is

called: Mubtada

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An Example

(The Masjid) is (close)

This is the 2nd word in the sentence. It is

called


called: Mubtada

always comes last. It is the last wordin the sentence. News comes last.

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Lesson 3 - Continued

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Summary

Every letter ends in Tanween: 2 Pesh

If is before the word: Tanweengoes and one harkat comes on e.g.1 Pesh

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Lesson 4

In todays lesson we will see for thefirst time what changes the Harakaatof the last letter in a word!

New Huroof today:

In

On

He

She

Where

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Continued

These Huroofchangethe word after it: In

On

There Huroofdo not change the wordafter it:

He

She

Where

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Continued

Puts a Majroor state (one/two Zer) onthe last letter of next word:

In

On

Doesnt affect anything:

He

She

Where

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An example

In the Masjid

On the Table

He is Ahmad

She is Aisha

Where is Muhammad

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An example

Why has this got onekasra? And not two?

Why has this got twodhammah? And not one?

Why has this got onedhammah? And not two?

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Lesson 4 continued

Genitive case

Nominative case

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Lesson 4 Key Facts

In this lesson we learnt the use ofprepositions

Some change the ending of a word (last

harakaat, also known as Iraab e.g. Zabr, Zer,Pesh) and some do not change anything

The ones that change the Iraab are:

Zer Iraab

Zer Iraab

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A word in its normal state(nominative case) i.e. Normal endingwith a Pesh or 2 Pesh, is called

A word preceded by a preposition issaid to be in a genitive case i.e. Not

a normal ending, but ending with aZer. This state is called

Lesson 4 Key Facts

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Genitive case

Nominative case

Lesson 4 Key Facts

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Genitive case

Nominative case

Lesson 4 Key Facts

because

because

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Conclusion:

A word with no preposition and/or

ends in one pesh or two pesh iscalled:

A word with a preposition before itand/or ends in one Zer or two Zer iscalled:

Lesson 4 Key Facts

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Lesson 4 Key Facts

We also learnt some new pronouns:

1.

Me (Same for both masculine and feminine)2. You (one male)

3. From

4. To

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Verbs

Last lesson we were introduced to out firstVerbs (doing word).

1. Kha-ra-ja He Exited

2. Zha-ha-ba He Went

Notice:He? This particular verb can onlybe used for a single person who is male and

not present

Lesson 4 Key Facts

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So the verb Kha-ra-ja wouldgrammatically be described as:

Single Male Not present

In Arabic this would be termed asfollows:

Waahid Muzakar Ghaaib

(learn these 3 terms by heart please)

Lesson 4 Key Facts

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Lesson 4 Key Facts

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Lesson 4 Key Facts

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Lesson 4 Key Facts

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Lesson 4 Key Facts

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book

1. The book belongs to Muhammad.

2. So first lets write the Arabic foreach word

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book or Book ofMuhammad

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book = +

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book

What can you see different in this?

Notice the Iraab? One pesh + Two Zer?

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book

Lets break this down:

Firstly what state is Kitaab in?What state is Muhammad in?

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book

1. Why does Kitaab have only one pesh?There is no Alif Laam.?

2. Why does Muhammad have a Two Zer?There is no Preposition

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book

This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic,which is:

The Possessed object can nottake aTanween and also cant take a . It is definiteby position. Does not need definite article.

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book

This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic,which is:

The possessor is always Majroor by default.This indicates it is possessed.

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Lesson 5

Possession

Muhammads Book

MudhafIlaihi Mudhaaf

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Lesson 5

(al-idhaafah) is a relationshipbetween two nouns with a hidden particleof Jarr (like fee, min, alaa or ilaa)

The first noun is called (Mudhaaf)and the second noun is called (Mudhaaf ilaih).

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Lesson 5

Important facts about al-Idaafah:

1. The mudaaf cannot take alif-laam

2.

The mudaaf cannot take tanween (whereas themudaaf ilayhi can)

3. The default state for the mudaaf is that it takesa (single) dhammah

4.

The mudaaf ilayhi will [99% of the time] alwaystake a kasrah

5. A preposition has been omitted - Hidden

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Lesson 5

New Words:

Vocative particle O

A noun following has only one Dhammah.

Under.

A noun following is because it is Mudhaaf

Ilaihi.

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Lesson 5

New Word: there

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Lesson 5

New Word: Under

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An Example

(We) are (in the houses)

This is the 2nd word and 3rd word in the

sentence. Together they make up the


called: Mubtada

This is because it is preposition (Huroof Jar) and afollowing noun (which is Majroor).

And a Harf will always join its following nounto be a single part of a sentence.

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An Example

(Name of The Man) is (Muhammad)

This is the 2nd word. Is it ? But last wordis so what is it? Answer: part of


called: Mubtada

This is because it is Mudaafand MudaafIlai! And Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai will alwaysbe a single part of a sentence!

3rd word in the

sentence.

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An Example

Lets go back to our last example:

(We) are (in) (the houses)

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An Example

Very Important Rule:

The 1. (Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai) and the

2. (Harf Jar + noun)

will always join together to become either a

Mubtada or a Khabr.

This means, that although they are 2 words, wetreat them as one section of a sentence!

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Summary

How do you whether a word is aMubtada and not a Mudaaf?

Answer: If the 1st word has before

it, it can never be Mudaaf!

So it will be a Mubtadaa

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Summary

Example:

In this sentence, what harakaat is on

each word?

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Summary

1. Hazaa: Doesnt do anything

2. Al-walad: it has so it cant be Mudaaf!

So it will have one pesh

3. Khaalid: Well if the word before is not aMudaaf, then this will be a normal wordand have 2 pesh

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Summary

TranslationHaza: This

Al-Walad: The BoyKhalid: Is Khalid

Wa: and

Dhaalika: That

Al-Walad: The boy

Muhammad: Is Muhammad

This boy is Khalid and that boy is Muhammad

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Lesson 6

Body Parts: All body parts that wehave two of are all feminine e.g.Feet, Hands etc

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Lesson 7

To form a feminine word from themasculine in Arabic, you simply addtaamarbuta which looks like: or

depending on the word itsconnected to.

Usually for animals, humans andprofessions.

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Lesson 7

(dog feminine) (child feminine) (engineer feminine)

Its possible also for most adjectives & some othernouns:

(friend feminine) (sad feminine) (big feminine)

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Lesson 7

However not all animals or humansmasculines can take ataamarbuta( (, in their feminine form, for

example:

(Lioness)

(girl)

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Lesson 7

SummaryIn Arabic, words are either masculine or feminine,so anything you may think of should take eitherfeminine or masculine form. Now you can recognizeif a word is feminine or masculine by its ending.

However, some words are only feminine, forexample:

(story) (tree) (newspaper) (ball)(lake)

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Lesson 7

Of course there are exceptions, whichwe will learn as our vocabularyimproves:

(sky) (wind)

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Lesson 8

means for (harf Jar)

meansbehind (Mudaaf)

meansinfront (Mudaaf)

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Lesson 8

When the Al-Musharu Ilaihi has anbefore it then the translation

changes!

This is a Masjid

This Masjid

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Lesson 9

We learnt that when the Al-MusharuIlaihi has an before it then thetranslation changes!

This is a Masjid

This Masjid

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Lesson 9

This also applies to Nat and Manoot.

Nat = Adjective (describing word)

Manoot = Noun (a person, place,

thing, idea etc)

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Lesson 9

As a General Rule:

If there is NO on the adjective

(describing word), the translationwould include the word is

If there is an present, then thereis no is

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124898138 Arabic Lessons