� TA B L E 1 . 3Conversion Factors from BG and EE Units to SI

To Convert from to Multiply by

AccelerationAreaDensity

Energy Btu JJ 1.356

Force lb N 4.448Length ft m

in. mmile m

Mass lbm kgslug kg

Power W 1.356hp W

Pressure in. Hg

Specific weightTemperature

KVelocity

Viscosity (dynamic)Viscosity (kinematic)Volume flowrate

If more than four-place accuracy is desired, refer to Appendix A.a

6.309 E � 5m3�sgal�min 1gpm22.832 E � 2m3�sft3�s9.290 E � 2m2�sft2�s4.788 E � 1N � s�m2lb � s�ft2

4.470 E � 1m�smi�hr 1mph23.048 E � 1m�sft�s5.556 E � 1°RTC � 15�92 1TF � 32°2°C°F1.571 E � 2N�m3lb�ft3

6.895 E � 3N�m2lb�in.2 1psi24.788 E � 1N�m2lb�ft2 1psf23.377 E � 3N�m2160 °F27.457 E � 2

ft � lb�s1.459 E � 14.536 E � 11.609 E � 32.540 E � 23.048 E � 1

ft � lb1.055 E � 35.154 E � 2kg�m3slugs�ft3

1.602 E � 1kg�m3lbm�ft3

9.290 E � 2m2ft2

3.048 E � 1m�s2ft�s2

Unitsa

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� TA B L E 1 . 4Conversion Factors from SI Units to BG and EE

To Convert from to Multiply by

Acceleration 3.281AreaDensity

Energy J BtuJ

Force N lbLength m ft 3.281

m in.m mile

Mass kg lbm 2.205kg slug

Power WW hp

Pressure in. Hg

Specific weightTemperature

K 1.800Velocity 3.281

2.237Viscosity (dynamic)Viscosity (kinematic)Volume flowrate

If more than four-place accuracy is desired, refer to Appendix A.a

1.585 E � 4gal�min 1gpm2m3�s3.531 E � 1ft3�sm3�s1.076 E � 1ft2�sm2�s2.089 E � 2lb � s�ft2N � s�m2

mi�hr 1mph2m�sft�sm�s°R

TF � 1.8 TC � 32°°F°C6.366 E � 3lb�ft3N�m3

1.450 E � 4lb�in.2 1psi2N�m2

2.089 E � 2lb�ft2 1psf2N�m2

2.961 E � 4160 °F2N�m2

1.341 E � 37.376 E � 1ft � lb�s6.852 E � 2

6.214 E � 43.937 E � 1

2.248 E � 17.376 E � 1ft � lb9.478 E � 41.940 E � 3slugs�ft3kg�m3

6.243 E � 2lbm�ft3kg�m3

1.076 E � 1ft2m2

ft�s2m�s2

Unitsa

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� TA B L E 1 . 5Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids (BG Units)

Specific Dynamic Kinematic Surface Vapor BulkDensity, Weight, Viscosity, Viscosity, Pressure,

Temperature pvv Evv

Liquid ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ (abs)] ( )

Carbon tetrachloride 68 3.09 99.5Ethyl alcohol 68 1.53 49.3

60 1.32 42.5Glycerin 68 2.44 78.6Mercury 68 26.3 847SAE 30 60 1.77 57.0 —Seawater 60 1.99 64.0Water 60 1.94 62.4

aIn contact with air.bIsentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound.cTypical values. Properties of petroleum products vary.

3.12 E � 52.26 E � 15.03 E � 31.21 E � 52.34 E � 53.39 E � 52.26 E � 15.03 E � 31.26 E � 52.51 E � 52.2 E � 52.5 E � 34.5 E � 38.0 E � 3oilc

4.14 E � 62.3 E � 53.19 E � 21.25 E � 63.28 E � 56.56 E � 52.0 E � 64.34 E � 31.28 E � 23.13 E � 21.9 E � 58.0 E � 01.5 E � 34.9 E � 66.5 E � 6Gasolinec

1.54 E � 58.5 E � 11.56 E � 31.63 E � 52.49 E � 51.91 E � 51.9 E � 01.84 E � 36.47 E � 62.00 E � 5

lb�in.2lb�in.2lb�ftft2�slb � s�ft2lb�ft3slugs�ft3�FSNMGR

Modulus,bTension,a

� TA B L E 1 . 6Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids (SI Units)

Specific Dynamic Kinematic Surface Vapor BulkDensity, Weight, Viscosity, Viscosity, Pressure,

Temperature pvv Evv

Liquid ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ (abs)] ( )

Carbon tetrachloride 20 1,590 15.6Ethyl alcohol 20 789 7.74

15.6 680 6.67Glycerin 20 1,260 12.4Mercury 20 13,600 133SAE 30 15.6 912 8.95 —Seawater 15.6 1,030 10.1Water 15.6 999 9.80

aIn contact with air.bIsentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound.cTypical values. Properties of petroleum products vary.

2.15 E � 91.77 E � 37.34 E � 21.12 E � 61.12 E � 32.34 E � 91.77 E � 37.34 E � 21.17 E � 61.20 E � 31.5 E � 93.6 E � 24.2 E � 43.8 E � 1oilc

2.85 E � 101.6 E � 14.66 E � 11.15 E � 71.57 E � 34.52 E � 91.4 E � 26.33 E � 21.19 E � 31.50 E � 01.3 E � 95.5 E � 42.2 E � 24.6 E � 73.1 E � 4Gasolinec

1.06 E � 95.9 E � 32.28 E � 21.51 E � 61.19 E � 31.31 E � 91.3 E � 42.69 E � 26.03 E � 79.58 E � 4

N�m2N�m2N�mm2�sN � s�m2kN�m3kg�m3�CSNMGR

Modulus,bTension,a

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� TA B L E 1 . 7Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (BG Units)

Specific Dynamic Kinematic GasDensity, Weight, Viscosity, Viscosity, Specific

Temperature RGas ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) k

Air (standard) 59 1.40Carbon dioxide 68 1.30Helium 68 1.66Hydrogen 68 1.41Methane (natural gas) 68 1.31Nitrogen 68 1.40Oxygen 68 1.40

aValues of the gas constant are independent of temperature.bValues of the specific heat ratio depend only slightly on temperature.

1.554 E � 31.65 E � 44.25 E � 78.31 E � 22.58 E � 31.775 E � 31.63 E � 43.68 E � 77.28 E � 22.26 E � 33.099 E � 31.78 E � 42.29 E � 74.15 E � 21.29 E � 32.466 E � 41.13 E � 31.85 E � 75.25 E � 31.63 E � 41.242 E � 41.27 E � 34.09 E � 71.04 E � 23.23 E � 4 1.130 E � 38.65 E � 53.07 E � 71.14 E � 13.55 E � 31.716 E � 31.57 E � 43.74 E � 77.65 E � 22.38 E � 3

ft � lb�slug � �Rft2�slb � s�ft2lb�ft3slugs�ft3�FHeat Ratio,bNMGR

Constant,a

� TA B L E 1 . 8Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (SI Units)

Specific Dynamic Kinematic GasDensity, Weight, Viscosity, Viscosity, Specific

Temperature RGas ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) k

Air (standard) 15 1.40Carbon dioxide 20 1.30Helium 20 1.66Hydrogen 20 1.41Methane (natural gas) 20 1.31Nitrogen 20 1.40Oxygen 20 1.40

aValues of the gas constant are independent of temperature.bValues of the specific heat ratio depend only slightly on temperature.

2.598 E � 21.53 E � 52.04 E � 51.30 E � 11.33 E � 02.968 E � 21.52 E � 51.76 E � 51.14 E � 11.16 E � 05.183 E � 21.65 E � 51.10 E � 56.54 E � 06.67 E � 14.124 E � 31.05 E � 48.84 E � 68.22 E � 18.38 E � 22.077 E � 31.15 E � 41.94 E � 51.63 E � 01.66 E � 11.889 E � 28.03 E � 61.47 E � 51.80 E � 11.83 E � 02.869 E � 21.46 E � 51.79 E � 51.20 E � 11.23 E � 0

J�kg � Km2�sN � s�m2N�m3kg�m3�CHeat Ratio,bNMGR

Constant,a

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