131998 - Jelle Mertens - Product - Public · PDF fileStudy course: 3rd year ... Also technological trends such as electrical cars, hydrogen cars, self ... Increase the share of low

InternshipReport

JelleMertens

June2016

InternationalTraffic&Transportmanagement

SustainableDelft!

SustainableDelft! 2ndinternshipreport

2 NHTVUniversityofAppliedSciences,Breda

June2016

InternationalTrafficandTransportManagement 3

Title: SustainableDelft!

Studentsname: Jelle Mertens

Studycourse: 3rdyearInternationalTrafficandtransportmanagement

InternshipCompany: GemeenteDelft

Companycoach: Jan-KeesVerrest

NHTVcoach: EgbertKalle

Internshipperiod March2016–June2016



June2016


PrefaceThis report is the result of the third years’ curriculum based work placement of the study

InternationalTrafficManagementattheNHTVinBreda.MyresearchwasconductedatthecityofDelft,amunicipalityinbetweenRotterdamandTheHagueintheNetherlands.

DuringmyinternshipIhavebeencoachedbyJan-KeesVerrestasmycompanysupervisoratthe

cityofDelftandbyEgbertKalleasmyNHTVsupervisor.

NotonlydoIwanttothankmyNHTVcoachEgbertKalle,butalsotoJan-KeesVerrestandthe

otheremployeesofthecityofDelftwhomadetheinternshipsuchanenrichingexperience. Ihopeyouwillenjoyreadingthereport,

JelleMertens



SummaryThis report seeks to investigate, develop and plan the most suitable measures to increasesustainablemobilitywithinDelft,themeasuresneedtobefullydevelopedand(partly)inplaceby2019andfitinthebudgetof250.000euros.ThebackgroundofDelfthasbeendescribedandtherisinglevelsofCO2,,NO2andNOXandthis

resultsinglobalwarming.Theeffectsarenoticeableanditisbecomingsurerthattheseeffectsarerelatedtothechangingclimate.

The role of the European Union and national government is significant and they make

regulationsaboutcharacteristicsofcarsandcanstimulatetheuseofeco-friendlyvehicles.Citiescanchangetravelbehaviouronalocalscalebyreducingtheamountofkilometrestravelledand

bypromotingsustainablemeansoftransport.

The tool EcoMobilityShift is used to determine strong andweak point in the sustainability of

Delfts mobility. For this three categories are used, enablers, transport system and results &

impacts.Delfthasseveralstrongandweakpointsthatwereusedinthecreationofthebudget

goals.

Stakeholders have been determined, such as citizens, technological firms in Delft, research

institutes and YesDelft!. Also technological trends such as electrical cars, hydrogen cars, self

drivingvehiclesandopendatahavean influenceon the chosenmeasures.ThepoliticalneedsarespecifiedonattentionforinnovationinDelft,accessibilitytoDelftSouthandfortouristsand

tointegratethetransportsystem.

Thefollowingsixbudgetgoalsaredeterminedtohelpranktheproposedmeasures.1. Improvement of enablers, understanding user needs, monitoring and public

participation

2. Increasetheshareoflowemissionvehicles3. Mobilitymanagementmeasures4. Completingtheintegratedtransportsystemincludingbigdata5. SupportfieldlabsandIncreaseinnovativecityimage6. Createbetteraccessibility

The measures considered are e-scooter sharing scheme, bike sharing scheme, sharing of

innovations(mobilityhouse),greencityCentreShuttle,cleanthecitiesfleet,increaseofamount

ofchargingpoles,budgetforcitizeninitiatives,budgetforcompanystart-ups,publishdataanda

longtermparkingfacility

Thefourmeasuresthatarerecommendedare:

Themobilityhouse,toallowresearchinstitutesandcompaniestotryoutinnovationinDelft.

Publishofstandardizedopendata,toallowforamoreintegratedtransportsystem.Abudgetforsustainablemobilitycompanystart-ups,toincludelocalcompanies.

Agreencitycentreshuttle,toincreaseaccessibilityfortouristswhilepromotingDelft.

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TABLEOFCONTENT

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................8BACKGROUNDDELFT..........................................................................................................................................................8REASONFORSUSTAINABILITY..........................................................................................................................................8TRENDSTOWARDSSUSTAINABILITY.............................................................................................................................11GOALANDBOUNDARIES..................................................................................................................................................11RESEARCHQUESTIONSANDRESEARCHMODEL..........................................................................................................12READERSGUIDE................................................................................................................................................................14

2. DELFTSMOBILITY...............................................................................................................................15DELFTSUSTAINABILITY...................................................................................................................................................15CURRENTPROJECTS.........................................................................................................................................................15DELFTSUSTAINABILITYVISION.....................................................................................................................................16SUSTAINABILITYOFPASSENGERTRANSPORT.............................................................................................................16SUSTAINABILITYOFGOODSTRANSPORT......................................................................................................................25

3. GOALSFORSUSTAINABLETRANSPORTINDELFT...................................................................26SWOT-ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................................................26STAKEHOLDERS................................................................................................................................................................27TECHNOLOGICALTRENDS...............................................................................................................................................28POLITICALNEEDS.............................................................................................................................................................29BUDGETGOALS.................................................................................................................................................................30

4. MEASURECATALOGUE......................................................................................................................32E-SCOOTERSHARINGSCHEME........................................................................................................................................33BIKESHARINGSCHEME....................................................................................................................................................34SHARINGOFINNOVATIONS.............................................................................................................................................35GREENCITYCENTRESHUTTLE.....................................................................................................................................36CLEANTHECITIESFLEET................................................................................................................................................37INCREASEOFAMOUNTOFCHARGINGPOLES...............................................................................................................38BUDGETFORCITIZENINITIATIVES................................................................................................................................39BUDGETFORCOMPANYSTART-UPS..............................................................................................................................40PUBLISHDATA..................................................................................................................................................................41LONGTERMPARKINGFACILITY.....................................................................................................................................42

5. MAKINGDECISIONS............................................................................................................................43SCORINGOFTHEMEASURES...........................................................................................................................................43PRIORITISING....................................................................................................................................................................45

6. IMPLEMENTATIONPLAN..................................................................................................................46BUDGETFORCOMPANYSTART-UPS..............................................................................................................................46PUBLISHDATA..................................................................................................................................................................47SHARINGOFINNOVATIONS.............................................................................................................................................48GREENCITYCENTRESHUTTLE.....................................................................................................................................49

7. CONCLUSIONANDRECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................................51RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................................................................................51

APPENDIX.......................................................................................................................................................54APPENDIX1;PUBLICTRANSPORTINDELFT...............................................................................................................54



IntroductionIn thepast years sustainabilityhasbeenvery important formostEuropeanCities.The cityof

Delft isalsosteeringtowardssustainability,butwhyandhow?Inthisreportwillbedescribed

what the city of Delft can do to shift towards sustainable mobility. In this first chapter a

backgroundofdelftwillbegiventogetherwithadescriptiononwhysustainabilityisimportant.Following on this the assignment description, the goal of the assignment and the project

boundarieswillbegiven.

BackgroundDelftDelft isarathersmall-scalecitywitharoundonehundredthousand inhabitants. (CityofDelft,2015)Twentyper centofall inhabitantsofDelft are studentsat theUniversityofTechnology

Delft and another 3,3 per cent is studying at The Hague University of Applied Sciences and

InHolland University of Applied Sciences (City of Delft, 2015). These universities are ofteninvolved in the development of the city and collaborate with other parties and the city on a

regularbasis.Delftalsoaccommodateshousingforabiggroupoflow-incomeresidentsworking

inDelft,RotterdamorTheHague.Thisdiversity in thepopulationallowsDelft tobeavibrant

city, but also brings some challenges. Next to the educational facilities, Delft has over 700knowledge firmswith over 16.000 employees (City ofDelft, 2015). Some of these companies,

like3M,DSMandDeltares,areworldleaderintheirbusiness.

Delft is very well connected with Rotterdam-The Hague, there is a cycle highway, a fast railconnectionand is connectedby the twohighways;A4andA13.Oneof thebiggestprojects in

DelftatthemomentisSpoorzone;thecompleterailwaystationhasbeenputunderground,first

withonetunnelfortwotracks,laterwithtwotunnelswithfourtracks.Theareathatwillcome

available above ground will be used for new infrastructure, housing, working and evenrecreation.

Also supportedbyDelft is theuseof living labswithin the city.Theseare initiatives from themarketthatcanfindtheirfirstpracticaltry-outinDelft,hopefullyleadingtoamutualbenefitfor

thecompaniesandthecity.OneofthesuccessfulexamplesisthecitydistributionwithinDelft,

theideaistobundlestreamsgoingintothecityandthereforreducetheamountofservicevans

drivingintothecity,thisserviceiscarriedoutbysmallerelectricalvehicles.

ReasonforsustainabilityIn December 2015, 195 countries signed the Paris agreement, stating that global average

temperatureshouldstaywellbelow20Candtheincreaseofseatemperatureshouldbelimited

to1,50C.Theglobalemissionsshouldalsopeakassoonaspossibleandrapidreductionsshouldtakeplaceafter.Whyisthechangingclimatesuchanimportantdiscussionandwhatcancities

doonalocalscaletocontributetoglobalgoals?

One of the reasons for a shift towards sustainability is the greenhouse effect, to explain thisknowledgeisneededofwhatcompositionofairis,andwhatischanging.Dryairintheearth’s

atmosphereconsistsfor99,96%outofthreemainsubstances,78,08%isNitrogen(N2),20,95%

is Oxygen (O2) and 0,93% is Argon (AR). A much smaller part is Carbon dioxide (CO2) with

0,04%, the remaining five gasses, Neon, Helium, Krypton, Hydrogen and Xenon are combine0,00245%.(UIGI,2016)Allofthesegasesareneededforlifeonearth,Nitrogenmakesitpossible

foraminoandnucleicacids todevelop,Oxygen isusedbybreathingand in themetabolismof

living organisms and Carbon is needed to allow for temperatures to be so, that the earth isliveable.

June2016


Carbon andmethane are greenhouse gasses that reduce the amount ofwarmth from the sun

being reflected back outside the earth’s atmosphere.Without any of these gasses the average

temperature on earth would be -180C (NASA, 1998), instead of nowadays 150C. So CarbonDioxide is not necessarily bad for life on

earth, it is even necessary for humans to

liveonearth. Duringthe17thcenturythe

combustion engine was developing andeventually lead to the industrial

revolution, since than more work was

done by machines. These combustion

engineswouldlateralsoprovidepowertothe grid and be built intomotor vehicles.

These engines create power but also

produceanamountofCO2.Thisextraand

unnatural way of producing CO2 isexpected to be the cause of the relatively

high concentration of CO2in the air. (See

Figure1)Figure1;CarbonDioxide(Source;RobertA.Rohde,2009)

In 1938Guy Callendar showed that the average temperature on the earth had risen together

with the concentration of CO2. At

this time this researchwas seen asvery controversial and not believed

by many scientists. (Ed Hawkins,

2013) In between 1938 and 1972

more support came for the findingsofCallendarandin1972thefirstUN

environment conference took place

in Stockholm. In 1988 theintergovernmental panel on climate

change (IPCC) was formed and is

aiming to collect evidence for

climate change and that theincreasing amount of CO2 leads to

increasingtemperatures.Since1880

the average temperature in the

worldhasraised0,850C,asseeninFigure2insomeplacesthetemperaturewasevenhigher.Figure2;Temperaturechange(source;IPCC,2013)

Thistemperatureraiseseemsreallysmall,buttheeffectsontheenvironmentareexpectedtobe

big. The effects of climate change are really hard tomeasure, but the IPCC regularly releasesreportsthatshowaspectstogetherwiththelevelonconfidencethatthisiscausedbyincreasing

shareofgreenhousegases.

In 2014 the IPCC released their latest report on the impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilitycaused by the climate change. The following paragraphs are a description on what the IPCC

publishedinthispaper.Onaglobalscalewithhighconfidencecanbestatedthatthegrowthof

glaciallaces,changeofthermalstructureinthewatersandearliertimingofspringactivitiesare

directlyrelatedtothehighershareofgreenhousegases.



Also on local scale agriculture and forestry are changing in Europe, but also the heat related

mortalityinEuropehasanupwardtrend.EasiervisibleistheeffectthechangealreadyhasonhumanactivitiessuchasarticexpeditionsorevenalpineactivitiesinthelowerAlps.Theglaciers

thatarestillexcisingaredecreasingeveryyearandtheheightfromwherethesnowlaysonthe

groundisgoingup.Alloftheselocalfactorsarewithmediumconfidencerelatedaseffectofthe

climatechange.

Oneof thereally important factorsof climatechange, therisingsea level canaccording to the

IPCCnotbeseenasatrendyetanddoesnotgetalevelofconfidenceyetthatthisisrelatedto

theincreasing.

Thesechangesdoalreadyhaveabigeffectontheearthandforsomeofthemtheevidencethat

theyarecausedbyhumaninfluenceissignificant.Intheupcomingyearseffectsareexpectedtobecomebiggerandhavemoreinfluenceonlifeonearth.Becauseofthesereasonsit isneeded

that we change our behaviour and have less of an influence on the earths atmosphere by

reducingtheamountofCO2.

Anotheraspectthatcanbeconsideredasinfluencingfactoronsustainabilityistheuseandreuse

of(consumable)goods.Theearthhasalimitedamountofresources,withaworldwidegrowing

demandthisneedstobemanaged.Rawmaterialsaregettinglessandatrendtowardsreuseand

recyclingofproductscanpreventscarcity.

Anotheraspectofsustainabilitycanbetheindependencyofacity,countryorarea.Whenaplace

canprovidefood,waterandelectricityforitself,thechangethatthisareawillhaveashortageof

resourceswillbeless.

The European union is focusing on these two aspects and has created a list of critical raw

materials. These are rawmaterials of which the EU tracks the supply and ensures it fits thedemand. Also the origin of this raw material is taken into account and it is tried to be as

independentaspossible,aoverviewofcriticalmaterialisshowninfigure3.

Apartfromthethreemeaningsabovetherearealotmoredefinitionsforsustainability.Inthisreport from the three aspectsmentioned above, the amount of CO2 producedwill be leading

performance indicator for sustainability. This because mobility on a local scale is easiest to

measureaccordingtoCO2levels.

Figure3;listofcriticalrawmaterials(Source;EuropeanUnion,2013)

June2016


TrendstowardssustainabilityThe Paris agreement of late 2015 is an indicator that there is a current trend towards

sustainability,inhabitantsandgovernmentsareawareoftheupcomingrisksandtrytoprepare

themselvesasgoodaspossibleforthefuture.Butwhatcancitiesdo,tocreatemoreawareness

amongstpeopleandtoreducetheCO2emissions.InthissubchapteradescriptionwillbegivenontheEuropeanUnionspolicyandtheDutchpolity.Theseareleadingforlocalchangesandwill

haveabigeffect.Furthermoretheroleofcities,asisexpectedbytheDutchgovernment,willbe

scribed.

TheEuropeanUnionmakes regulations fornewmanufacturedvehicles, suchasCO2limitsper

kilometres.ThiswayCO2emissionspervehiclesperkilometrearereducedandthereformake

transportationbycarscleaner.Alsoapercentageofbio-fuelthatneedstobemixedwithpetrolanddieselwillinfluencethesustainability.

Thenationalgovernmentcanmaketaxationrules, ifacarisheavierormorepolluting, itcosts

moresalesandroadtax.Thisisoneofthepromotiontoolsforresidentstobymoreecofriendlycars and therefore pollute less in the cities itself. The Dutch government is also planning to

introduce a kilometre dependent road tax. This is expected to reduce the total amount of

kilometresby15percent.

In 2013 the Dutchministry of infrastructure and the environment have released a document

aboutwhatcitiesandprovincescandotoreducetheCO2fromtrafficandtransport.Threemain

goalsaregiventhatcitiescanusetoreducetheemissionsfrommobilityinacity,thesearethe

reductionofmobility,usingvehiclesmoreefficientandtheuseoflesspollutingvehicles.Thesegoalscaneitherberealisedbychangingthefleetofthecity,orinhabitantscanbestimulatedto

adapt.Thesegoalsandboundarieswillbetakenintoaccountinthisresearch.

GoalandboundariesDelft is a citywithmany cyclists andgood trainand tramconnections tonearby cities. In thetrafficandtransportplanforthecityofDelft,measuresarenamedthatshouldhelpdevelopthe

mobilityinDelftevenmore.AlsoinitiativesandinnovationsfromDelftUniversityofTechnology,

TheHagueUniversityofAppliedSciences, InHollandUniversityofAppliedSciences andotherresearchinstitutesareregularlysupportedbythecityofDelft.

Thetrafficandtransportplanisalong-termdocumentfortheperiodbetween2005and2020.

Inbetween investmentplansare created foraperiodof fouryears, at themoment that is theinvestment plans 2016 – 2019. Within this plan there are measures described to improve

accessibility, especially in Technopolis. Also measures are described to improve micro

accessibilityinthecitycentre,improvetheflowoftraffic,renewstreetsignsandtoimproveto

publictransportstops.Forallofthesemeasurestogetherasumof1.550.000eurosisreserved.



Aslastprogramoftheinvestmentplanabudgetisreservedforsustainabletransport.Thisisa

budgetof250.000eurosanddoesnothavea clear setofmeasuresdefinedyet.This researchseekstofindthemostsuitablesetofmeasurespossiblethatcontributetosustainablemobility.

Todefinewhatismostsuitablethetimeandmoneybudgetneedtobetakenintoaccount,but

alsothepoliticalneedsandtechnologicaldevelopments.Thegoaloftheresearchisformulated

asfollowing:

Toinvestigate,developandplanthemostsuitablemeasurestoincreasesustainablemobilitywithinDelft,themeasuresneedtobefullydevelopedand(partly)inplaceby2019andfitinthebudgetof250.000euros.Asmentioned in the goal, themeasure needs to be developed and at least partly in place by

2019,thatisbecausethemoneyisreservedforthistimeperiod.Thereisalsopoliticalneedtohavea sustainablemobilitymeasure inplaceby than; theelections for thenewcitycouncil is

alreadyin2018.

ResearchquestionsandresearchmodelThemodelbelowdescribedthedifferentresearchsteps,whichwillbetaken.Firstofallareview

will be made with the most important aspects of the vision of Delft and the metropolis

Rotterdam-The Hague. After this a STEEP analysis on the current situation in Delft will be

performed togetherwith a review on the progress towards sustainablemobilitywithinDelft.

Alsoadescriptionwillbegivenwith theprojectswhereDelft is currentlyworkingon.On the

right in themiddle theboxcanbeseenwith literaturestudy tosustainablemobility.Here the

termsustainablemobilitywillbedescribedandgoodpracticeswillbelookedfor.

AftertheseresearchstepsaSWOTwillbeperformedtodetermineinwhatsectorsthehighest

potentials lay fordevelopment. This canbe in areaswhereDelft is not up to the standard, or

where it can deploy even more because of the opportunities it has. With determining the

opportunities a stakeholder analysis will

beperformedintheformofabrainstorm

to determine who could contribute to

developingthebestsolutionsforDelft.

In the next steps will be looked at

possibilitieshowtofinancethemeasures.

Lookedwillbeatboththepossibilitiesfor

Grants as for possibilities for co-finance

out of the private sector. After all the

steps have been carried out a set of

measureswillbeproposed.Themeasures

will be chosenmaking use of aMCA and

in collaboration with advisor urban

mobility.

Figure4;reserachmodel

June2016


Duringtheresearchallofthequestionwillneedtobeanswered.Themainquestionforthis

reportis:Whatmeasures,whichfitwithinthegiven(time)budget,contributeonthemostsuitablewaytothedevelopmentofsustainablemobilityinDelft

1. WhatvisiondoesDelftandthemetropolisregionRotterdam-TheHaguehaveonthe

subjectofsustainablemobility?

a. WhatisconsideredsustainablemobilityinthecityofDelft?

b. WheredoesDelftwanttobeconsideringsustainablemobilityin2020and

beyond?

c. WheredoestheMRDHwantstobein2020andbeyond?

2. WhatisthecurrentpositionofDelft,bothingeneralasinsustainablemobility?

a. WhatarethemaincharacteristicsofDelftandwhatisthepoliticalsituation?

b. HowsustainablecandetransportsysteminDelftbeconsidered?

c. Whatareinnovativemeasuresorapproachestowardsmeasuresusedin

Delft?

3. Whatissustainablemobility,whataregoodexamplesandwhatarerecenttrendsin

thisfield?

a. Whatcanbeconsideredsustainablemobility?

b. Whatneedstobedonetomaketransportsustainable?

c. Whatareinnovativeexamplesofsustainablemobility?

4. Whatmeasuresaremostsuitablebasedonthevision,politicalclimate,thecurrent

situationandthecurrentprogressinvariousprojects?

a. InwhatsectordoesthetransportsystemofDelftlacksustainability?

b. InwhatsectorisDelftalreadyverygoodonthewaywithsustainability?

c. Inwhatsectoristhemostpoliticalsupportandneedsforsustainable

mobility?

5. Which3rdpartiescanbeinvolvedinthecreationand/orimplementationofthe

measures?

a. Whatthirdpartiesmighthaveaninterestindevelopingsustainablemobility

measures?

b. Howcanthesecompaniesbeattractedtoparticipate?

6. Whatpartiescanfinanciallycontributetothemeasuresforsustainablemobilityin

Delft?

a. Isthereinterestfromathirdpartyinco-financingameasure?

b. Arethereanygrantspossibilitiesforcertainmeasures?

7. Whichmeasures,takingthecurrentsituation,vision,budget,politicalsupportand

thetimebudgetintoaccount,willcontributethemostsuitabletosustainable

mobility?

a. Whatarethepossibilitiesforsustainablemobilitymeasures?

b. Whatmeasureorsetofmeasureswillbethemostbeneficialandbestfitting

forDelft?

c. Whatmeasurescangetthemostpoliticalsupportandhow?

8. Howwillthechosenmeasure(s)becarriedout?

a. Whatisexpected,when,fromwhichstakeholder?

b. Howdoesthefinancialstatementofthemeasurelooklike?

c. Whatphasesdoestheprojecthave?



ReadersguideInthis first introductorychapterthebackgroundofthecityofDelft isdescribedtogetherwith

theneedforashift towardssustainabilityandtheassignment itself. Inthesecondchapterthe

currentsituationofDelftwillbedescribed,togetherwithananalysisonEUandDutchpolicyand

theireffectofsustainabilityinDelft.HerealsothevisionofDelft isdescribedtodeterminethegapinbetweenvisionandplannedprojects.

Inthethirdchaptertheinformationgainedinthesecondchapterwillbeusedtocreategoalsfor

Delft. After the goals are determined opportunities are described based on possiblestakeholders, technological innovationsandpoliticalneeds.Theseopportunitiesaretranslated

intoameasurecatalogue inthe fourthchapter.Hereseveralmeasureswillbedescribed,what

theyare,whatgoal theycontribute to,whopossiblestakeholdersmightbeandhow itwillbe

paid.

Inthefifthchapterdecisionsneedtobemadeonwhatmeasuresare,basedoncontributionto

the goals, political needs and the time and money budget, the most suitable for Delft. Thisdecisionwill be coordinatedwithaMCA todetermine theeffectsof themeasures, thedeputy

majorandthegovernmentalemployeesofthecityofdelft.

Inthe6thchapteradetailedplanwillbepresentedonhowthesemeasureswillbeimplemented.Thisincludestheimplementationsteps&timeplan,monitoringplan,stakeholderanalysisand

financialstatement.Inthelastchapterconclusionsbasedontheprocesswillbegiven.

June2016


2. DelftsmobilityInthischapteramoredetailedviewonsustainabilityinDelftwillbegiven,togetherwiththeirvision and the progress in sustainable mobility. If the vision and the current policy are

compared,agapwillbefoundthatneedstobefilledwithsustainablemobilitymeasures.

DelftsustainabilityIn total 507 Kton CO2 was produced within Delft in 2011. Of this, traffic and transport wasresponsiblefor33percent.Asmentionedbefore,therearealotofstudentslivinginDelft.This

high share of students also results in a favourablemodal split.WithinDelft 52per cent of all

tripswerecarriedoutbybikeandanother21percentbyfoot.Thisleaves2percentbypublic

transport, 23 per cent by car and another 2 per cent by other means of transport. (DelftEnergieneutraal,2013)ComparingthistoothercitieswithasimilarscaleDelftdoesreallygood

insustainabletransportmeans.

BecauseofthismodalsplitDelftperformsreallywellwhenlookingatCO2producedbytraffic,withouttakingthehighwaysintoaccount. InthiscaseDelftproduces0,46tonCO2perperson

per year and is there for the 12th best scoring municipality out of 404 municipalities in the

Netherlands.Takingthehighwaysintoaccount(theA4andA13arewithinthecityboundaries)Delftproduces1,32tonCO2perpersonandisnumber149.TheministryofInfrastructureand

theenvironmentofthenationalgovernmentreleasedareportthatadvisesmunicipalitiestonot

take motorways into account when calculating the local emissions. In the most recent

measurementsofDelftthishasbeentakenintoaccount.

In the figure below the CO2 production can be seen for households, companies and traffic &

transport.ItisseenthattheCO2ratesfortrafficandtransporthavedecreasedfrom60to58in

thesesixyears.

Figure5;CO2developmentbetween2008-2014(source;Statisticoverview,Delft2015)

CurrentprojectsTwo sustainability projects that are named in the document Energy Neutral Delft 2050 are

urban distribution and Ekolectric. Urban distribution is cooperationwith PostNL and aims to

makemoreefficientuseofthecapacityofvansdrivingintothecitycentreandatthesametimemaking the vansmore environmentally friendly. Tomake this possible a distribution point is

created near exit 9 of the A13, where delivery vans can leave their packages for the urban

distribution to deliver. Urban distribution will then try to fill up small electrical vehicles as

much as possible so that as least as possiblemovements are needed. The urban distributionvehicleswill alsopickupgarbageback from the city, so that thevehiclesare filledbothways

(Maatwerkdistributie,2015).

The other initiative is Ekolectric by Accenda in cooporation with The Hague University of

Applied Sciences and the University of Technology Delft, an initiative to replace an old



combustionenginewithanelectricalengine.Thiswaycarsarerecycledandusedwithcleaner

engines.

There is budget for the improvement of the accessibility and liveability of routes toward

Technopolis, Delft. The route needs to become faster for cyclists and the two roads will be

changedforlowerspeeds.

Apart from this there is the Cycle Action Plan, this document is bundling all measures for

improvingormaintainingthecycle infrastructure inDelft.TheCycleActionPlan is formedfor

the period between 2005 and 2020. Plans regarding infrastructure, parking, education andmonitoringaredescribedintheplan.

In the investment plan for the period 2016-2019 also special attention goes to the microaccessibility of the inner city. Currently the inner city can be accessed both by bike and by

pedestrians. Normally cyclists adapt their speed and behaviour when the pedestrian area is

busy.Toimprovethisabudgetisreservedformicroaccessibility.

Also two projects are being carried out on short term for the public transport in Delft. This

includes ameasure to prepare for a future tram line towards Delfgauw and the tram stop at

Martinus Nijhofflaan will be moved so that the stop served the shops around and the

neighbourhood better. The public transport in Delft is tendered out on a higher scale andthereforthecitydoesnothavedirectinfluenceinthepublictransportinthecity.

TheMRDHhasabudgetforself-drivingvehicleswithinthemetropolitanarea.TheUniversityof

TechnologyDelfthasappliedwithaSURFproject,thatisinvestigatingtheimpactsofelectricalself-drivingvehicles,tothissubsidyandwillseekforcooperationtosetupafieldlab.Thisway

the project can be financially subsidized while the vehicle in development can be used for

challengesintheregion.

Alloftheseprojectsarealreadyinprogressandthereforetheyarenottobeconsideredinthis

budget.Thebudgetismeanttoimplementnewprojectandnotsupportalreadyexcisingprojects

andinitiatives.

DelftsustainabilityvisionMostcitiesnowadayshavetheirownsustainabilityplanwheretheydescribewhattheywantto

reach regarding sustainability. Every city has their own approach to this theme, but also

differentgoals.Agoalofacitycaningeneralbethreedifferentthings,eitherCO2neutral,energyneutralorenvironmentallyneutral.

Anotherfactorthatcanvarybetweencitiesistheterminwhichtheywouldliketoaccomplish

this goal. Delft wants to be energy neutral by 2050. To reach this they have three goals inbetween,15percentCO2reductionby2012,35percentby2020and50percentby2030.Allof

thesereductionsarerelativelytothebaseyear1990.ApartfromgoalaboutCO2reductionthere

aregoalsfortheuseandoriginofenergy.

SustainabilityofpassengertransportIn this part the sustainability of the transport system will be reviewed based on the

EcoMobilityShiftmethod.This is a tool createdwithinaEuropeanproject in cooperationwith

partners as the Local Governments for Sustainability in Bonn, Germany, Napier University in

Edinburgh,UK,Mobiel 21, Leuven,BelgiumandMobycon inDelft,Netherlands.The goal is toallow cities to assess their eco mobility performance. The tool exists of two parts, the self-

assessmentandtheaudit.InagreementwiththecityofDelft,chosenistoonlyperformtheself-

assessmentandtoverifythisinternally

June2016


Thetoolisonlybasedonpassengertransportandnotongoods.Thereforethesustainabilityof

goodstransportwithinDelftwillbedescribedseparately.Theassessmentforpassengertrafficis subdivided into three parts, enablers, the transport system & services and the results &

impacts.Intotal20indicatorsarebeingdescribed.

This tool is used for the assessment because it gives themost compete and accurate viewonsustainablemobilityinacity.Becauseofthespecialfocusonsustainabilityitsuitsbettertothe

purposeofthisassignmentthanothercomparisontoolssuchasUNEPortheSUMPtool.

Enablers

UnderstandingUserneedsTwomethodsarebeingusedbythecityofDelfttogatherdatafrominhabitant;thisdatawillbe

usedtomakeanalysesoftheneedsandmonitorchangesanddevelopments.

The first tool used by Delft is the DIP, Delft Information Panel; this is a group of over 2.500membersthatareaskedfortheiropinionorbehaviouronaregularbasis.Since2002theyhave

beenaskedtocarryoutasurvey37times,thiscomesdowntoanaverageoftwotothreetimesa

year. Thereasonforthesurvey,theresultsandinformationaboutwhatthecityisgoingtodo

with these results can be found on theirwebsite. Over the last yearsmany different subjectshavebeensurveyed,examplesareasurveyforbiketheft,wherethecityaimedtofoundouthow

manypeoplewerevictimofbiketheftandiftheyreportedthistothepolice.Anotherexampleis

asurveyforcitymarketing,wherethecityaimedtofindouthowresidentsthinkaboutDelftandwheretheyareparticularlyproudof.Lastmobilitysurveyhasbeencarriedoutin2014andgave

insightinmodalsplitforseveraldestinationsandpurposesoftheirtrips.

TheDIPtoolisveryeffectiveforthecitytogetagoodviewonpeopletheirbehaviourandaboutthe opinion of residents about a topic. The tool and its results are publicly available and all

residentscanparticipate.Thetoolisalsoactivelypromotedbytheuseofcouponsthataregiven

awayonlotterybase.

AmoreopenmethodusedistheOmnibusenquete.Thisisaquestionnaireofover75questions

whereresidentscanfill intheiropinionaboutallaspectsof thecity.Onthisquestionnairethe

city is not looking for a specific subject but in general what the residents think and where

improvements can be made. This questionnaire is also an important factor on assessingdevelopmentandresults frompolicy.The lastquestionnairehasbeencarriedout in2013, the

resultsofthesequestionnairesarepublishedonthewebsiteinfactsheets.

ParticipationAgovernmentalinstitutioncantrytounderstandtheneedsofresidentsandintegratethisinthe

plans,butagovernmentcanalsochosetoactivelyengagecitizens,getinsightintheirideasfor

new developments and let them decide on certain aspects. In 2005 Delft started with active

participationbyinvolvingresidentsinanearlystageaboutfuturepolicy.Residents cando thison severaldifferentways, they canmakeaproposal for the city council

aboutwhattheythinkwillhelpthecityfurther,theycanbeinvolvedinplansinearlystagesand

givetheircommentsandtheycancontributetocitycouncilmeetings.Heretheycaninformthecouncilwithrelevantinformationwhyapolicyneedstobechanged,keptorputinplace.

FinanceforsustainablemobilityThe financescore isdeterminedby thepercentageof the transportbudgetbeingdedicated to

sustainable modes of transport within the city of Delft. Currently, the investment plan formobility for the timeperiod2016-2019 is inuse.Thisplanhassixmainsubjectswithseveral

measuresforeachofthesesubjects.ThefirstoneisgivingaboosttoTechnopolisDelft;thisisa



newcitypartthatshouldattracttechnologyfirms.Forthisgoalfivemeasuresareplanned,one

involvestheimprovementofcaraccessibilitytowardstheTICbypromotinganalternativerouteforbikes.AttheJaffalaancarshavedifficultiescrossingthecyclepaths,duringthedaysomany

cyclistsusethis intersectionthattrafficneedstoberegulatedbyatrafficcontroller.Theother

fourmeasuresareacyclehighway towardsZoetermeer, separatecycle routeon theSchieweg

andtocreatealowdensityofcarsontheJulianalaanwestandthemiddleoftheJulianalaan.Asecondpart is being invested formicro accessibility. This budgetwill be used to improve the

accessibilitybyfoot(andbike)oftheinnercity.Asthirdsubjectthetrafficflowontwolocations

willbeimprovedforcarsandtheBrasserskadewillbenewlydesigned.Furthermoreabudgetis

reserved forsighing, twopublic transportstopsandabudget forsustainablemobility. In total69,5percentofthebudgetfortheperiod2016-2019willbeforsustainabletransportmodes.

Monitoring,evaluationandreviewOneofthemonitoringtoolsistheDelftsInternetPanel,theoutcomesareoftensurveysthatarecarriedoutonregularbasis.Theoutcomeofthesepanelscanthereforebeusedformonitoring

ofthecitystrategy.Bymeanofthesesurveysthemodalsplitcanforinstancebemonitoredand

theCO2emissionscanbecalculatedfromthis.

Transportsystemandservices

PlanningWithin Delft most new developments consider sustainability and sustainable modes of

transport. Nieuw Delft (Spoorzone) is the biggest project in Delft at the moment. The trainstationisputunderthegroundandthelandthatbecomesfreebecausethetracksareunderthe

groundcanbenewlydeveloped.Thenewresidentscanaccesstheirhousereallyeasilybytrain,

tram,busandbike.Butalsothecaraccessibilitywillbeimportant,althoughthecarwillbeguestonthestreets.Technopolisisoneoftheexampleswheresustainableaccessibilitydidnothave

thehighestpriority.ThisnewareaisclosetheA13,butwithjustonebuslinethroughthemiddle

notverywellconnectedtopublictransport.Thenewtramline19,whichshouldbeinplaceby

2019,willimprovethisbyaddinganotherstopanddecreasingthetraveltimefromthestationofDelft.

CarfreeandlowspeedareasThedivisionof areawith a low speedor carfree zones anddistributor roads ismade; all

thedistributorroadsaremadetoconnectthe

neighbourhoods and motorways. The

neighbourhoods themselves are low speedzones,wherecarsareallowedtodrive15or

30km/h. In the innercity there isa car free

area. Even though the percentage has not

beenmeasureditisestimatedthatmorethan60 per cent is low speed or car free. This is

based on the following map, these are the

distributorroadsandtheotherroadswillbe

residentialroads.CamerasstrictlyenforcethecarfreeareasofDelft,thelowspeedareasare

enforcedwithuseof speedbumpsandother

trafficcalmingmeasures.

Figure6;DistributorroadsDelft(Source,LVVP)

June2016


InformationprovisionWithin Delft and the metropolitan region Rotterdam-The Hague there are no specific

applicationsthatprovidetravellerswithinformationoftheirtravel.Whentravellerswouldlikeinformationonslowmeansoftrafficthereareothernationalwidetoolssuchas9292OV.nl.On

thissiteamultimodaltripcanbeplannedwithallmeansofpublictransport.

For the trains,bussesand trams the travelplannerof thespecificoperatororvia the9292OV

siteorapp.GreenwheelsandOV-Fietsarenotincludedinthisappandneedtobeapproachedfrom their specific sites.Alsoparkand ride facilities inDelft, orother cities, arenot included.

Thismeans that theapp isonly forcompletepublic transport tripsand isnotable toadvisea

multimodaltrip.Onthestreetthereisdynamic,solarpoweredinformationatthebusstopsto

providetravellerswithinformationaboutwhennextbusortramisapproaching.

MobilitymanagementThe term mobility management in short is related to steering people to act different andthereforepositivelyinfluencethemobilitymarket.Mostofthemobilitymanagementmeasures

areinitiativesofhighergovernmentssuchastheprovinceornationalinitiatives.

Oneofthenationalmobilitymanagementmeasuresthathaveeffect inDelftcanbeconsideredthe OV-Fiets that provides travellers a lastmile solution from the train station towards their

destination.Anothertypeofsharing is theGreenwheels,sharedcar thatare forrent.Theyare

not only standing at train station andprovide travellers theoption touse the car, evenwhentheydonotownacarorwhensomeoneiscarryingoutthefirstpartofthetripbyanothermean

oftransport.Bothofthesesharinginitiativesareratherinflexibleinthehiringperiodandhand

inplaces.OV-Fietsisonlyavailableatstationsandcanonlyberentedforawholedayandnota

partofaday.ItisalsoratherexpensivetohandinanOV-Fietsatanotherstationthanwhereitisfirstrented.FortheGreenwheelscountsthesameregardingthehandinplace,butthecarscan

alsoberentedperhour.

Other examplesofMobilityManagement are thepromotionof flexworking,whereemployersarestimulatedtoallowemployeestoworkathomeacertainamountofdaysperweekormonth.

Alreadysmallreductionsofcommutingtraffichaveeffectoncongestionsonthemotorwaysand

insideofthecities.EmployeesofthecityofDelftareallowedtoworkathomeonedayaweek,

andtheythereforecontributetofewermovements.

Carpoolingisalsoamethodofmobilitymanagement, increasingtheoccupationdegreeofeach

individual car will lead to a reduction of the amount of cars needed to transport the sameamountofpeople. InDelft thereare twospecifiedcarpoolplaces,oneoneachsideof the city

(parkeerlijn,2016).Theyaccommodatespacenearmotorwayssothatcommuterscanshareone

car,reducingcostsanddecreasingtheamountofvehiclesonthemotorway.

ParkingDelfthasanintegralparkingpolicythatrestrictsshortstayvisitorsfromparkingonthestreet

andfacilitatesthemwithparkingplacesinparkinggarages.Mostofthecityisregulatedparking,depending on the place it is restricted to residents, hourly payment or only for day ticket

holders.



Figure7;parkingtimesinthecityofDelft(CityofDelft,2013)

ComparedtoothercitiesDelfthasareasonableexpensivetariffforparkingonthestreets.The

tariff for street parking is 3,00 per hour, and therefore more expensive than for exampleGroningen,EindhovenandLeiden(CityofDelft,2016).IntheparkinggaragesofDelftthisisa

bitcheaper,toattractcarusers.Fouroftheparkinggaragesinthecityareownedbythecityof

Delft.

There isaparkandride facilityatstationDelftZuidandanotherparkandride facilitywillbe

builtatthenewparkinggarageatthestationofDelft.NearthestationDelftthetemporarylong

termparkingNijverheidspleinisavailableforparkandrideuntilthenewparkinggarageatthe

stationDelft isready.AtthehighwayA13andA4therearecarpoolplacesforcommutersthatwanttotraveltogether.

SlowmeansoftransportTheinnercityofDelftisacarfreezoneandonlyallowspeoplethatarewalkingandcycling.Thismeansby footorbike the transportation fromdoor todoor ispossiblehere,whilewithother

meansof transport this isnotpossible.Thecombinationofpedestriansandcyclists inthecity

centremeansthatcyclistswillhavetoadapttheirspeedtothespeedofthepedestriansif it is

busy.Eventhoughthiscanbescaryforsomeusers,itseemstogoverywellinmostcases.Delftis aiming to increase the amount of 30-km per hour zones so that cars will have less of a

dominantroleintheneighbourhoods.Morespacecanbecomeavailableforwalkingandcycling.

InDelftmorepeopleuse thebike thanpeople thatarewalking.To facilitate thishighshareofcycling the city has a special policy paperwith all theplans for cycling, theCycleActionPlan

(Fietsactieplan).Hereallplansforthecyclinginfrastructurearestatedforthecomingfiveyears

oftime.

ThelastpublicationwithareviewoftheDelftcycleinfrastructurederivesfrom2001inthecycle

actionplan.ThestrongpointsthanwerethedensityofDelft,thegoodsafetyforcyclists.Points

that were less good were the disruption because of other traffic and the low percentage ofdedicatedcycleinfrastructure(Fietsbalansscore,2001).In2010theupdateforthecycleaction

planworksfurthertoimprovethesegoalstogetherwithnewchallenges.Oneofthesechallenges

istheSpoorzonethatchangesthecyclingstructureinDelft.

June2016


Publictransportcoverage,speedandUsabilityThe busses and trams that are driving in Delft are from different concession areas. The city

busses in Delft are being driven by Veolia and belong in the concession Haaglanden streek(OVinNederland.nl,2015).ThebussesandtramstowardsTheHaguearebeingdrivenbyHTMin

theconcessionareaHaaglandenStad.FinallythebustoRotterdamisbeingdrivenbyRET,inthe

concessionRotterdamstreek.

The coverage of the bus and tramnetwork in the city ofDelft is average forDutch standards

withabusstopeverycoupleofstreets.TherearestillsomeneighbourhoodssuchastheRode

KruisBuurtwherepublictransportisnotavailableandadistanceupto700metresisneededto

reachapublictransportstop.

Thefrequenciesofthecity linesofDelft isbetween1and2timesperhour,exceptforthebus

linetothetechnicaluniversity.Thisonedrivesupto8timesperhourinthemorningpeak,butdoesnotdriveatnightorintheweekends(OvinNederland.nl,2016).Thecompletelineschedule

canbefoundinappendix1.ThetrainconnectionsfromthestationofDelfttoRotterdamandThe

Hague are driving up to 10 times per hour, and from Delft Zuid four times per hour (NS.nl,

2015).

In2017itisproposedtoremoveapartoftheline62,sothattheVoorhofwillnotbeconnected

anymorebythebus(MRHD,2016).Thisisnotforsureyet,sincethecityofDelftwouldliketo

keeptheline62.Thismeasureisresultofthelowusageofthisline.Apartfromthislinethereisdiscussionaboutline61thatiscurrentlydrivingthroughthecitycentreofDelft.Withremoving

the line is that there isnot a replacement that canbeused forpeople thatneed toaccess the

inner city by bus, but a bus right through the car-free centre is also not the most desirable

situation.

Delft has a public transport system that is mostly focussing on the lines with the biggest

demandsandthesearedrivingrelativelyfrequent.OtherplacesinDelftarereachablebypublictransport,butwithalowerfrequencyandwithsomedistancetocoverafterthefinalbusstop.

Thiscanbetheresultofacycleculture,becauseofthatthepublictransportisnotaneedbuta

supportingsystemapartfromthebikeandthecar.

LowemissionvehicleInthiscategoryadistinctionwillbemadebetweenthevehiclesofcityresidentsandthevehicles

ofthecityofDelft.Fourdifferentkindsofvehiclesarebeingdistinguishedforthecitiesfleet,the

personvehicle, van, truckandgarbagecollection truck. In2006 thecityofDelfthad7personcars, 100 vans, 28 trucks and 20 garbage trucks (CEDelft, 2006). The kilometres driven per

vehicle differ from 1.500 km per year up to 20.000 km per year. Bassed on the vehicle type,

annualkilometres, fuel type,vehicleageand fuelconsumption theextent towhich thevehicle

harmstheenvironmentwillbedetermined.

In 2016 a new parking enforcement system was introduced where each car needs to be

registeredwithaparkingpermissionbasedontheirlicenseplate.Thisisbothforresidentswith

a fixed parking permit and for visitors that buy a ticket. A scan scar now driver through thestreetstocheckeverycarforpermission.Thisscancardrivesaroundthescancardriveswitha

medianof104kmperdagovertheperiodJune2015untilJune2016averyhighaverage.Inthis

year thecardroveover35.000kmonly in thecentreofDelft (TomTomWebfleet,2016).This

vehicleisdrivingondiesel,whileitwouldhavegreatpotentialtobefromasustainablesource.



The other aspect of low emission vehicles is that one of the residents andwhat the share of

electrical vehicles is amongst them. In Delft 0,65 per cent of all cars are electrical, this is

compared to othermunicipalities reasonably good. The best scoring big city, Eindhoven, justover2,4percentofallcarshaveanelectricalengine(RDW,2015).Theleadingstimulationfor

electricalcarsistheamountofchargingfacilities(RVO,2011).Delfthas43chargingfacilitiesfor

chargingofelectricalcarsinthecity(CityofDelft,2016),thisamountshouldgrowtofacilitate

furthergrowth.

Resultsandimpacts

ModalsplitInDelftthebicycleisbyfarthemostimportantfactorindemodalsplit.In2014aDIPhasbeencarried out and 1101 resonances have provided the citywith data about their trips andwith

whatmeanoftransportthesetripsarecarriedout.

Ofalltripsmade52percenthavebeencarriedoutbybike,21percentbyfootand21percent

bycar.Theremaining4percentarescooters,carpassengersandpublictransport(DIP,2015)

This score is very favourably and the total percentage of car is relatively low. Looking atdifferentdestinations,theTUDelft,Technopolisistravelledtobybike80percentandjust7per

cent by car, also the inner city of Delft scores high with 61 per cent bike usage. The three

destinationswiththemostcarusagearetheIkea(44percent),hospitalReinierdeGraaf (38

percent)andshoppingCentreindeHoven(25percent)

SafetyThe last data about traffic safety in Delft originates out 2009, in this research the traffic

casualties in the province South Holland have been reviewed. In total there were 27 seriouscasualties due to traffic of whom one died, another 105 casualties have been lightly injured

(monitortrafficsafety,2009).

Per10.000inhabitants2,7peoplewereseriouslyinjuredorworse.Ofthe27severelyinjuredinDelft9wereinacar,6onascooter,11onthebikeand1casualtywaswalking.Thehighamount

ofcyclistcanbeexplainedbythehighpercentageofbikeusage.Outoftheseverecasualties17

were ina50-km/hstreetand3 ina30km/hzone.Theotherwas inthe70,80and100km/h

zones.

ComparedtotheDutchaveragethisisalowaverage.Inthatyearintotal677peoplewerekilled

intrafficand9.310wereseriouslyinjured(SWOV,2009),inthatyeartheNetherlandscounted16,5million inhabitants.This comesdown toanaverageof6,05seriously injuredor fatalities

per10.000inhabitants.

June2016


GreenhousegasesToestimatetheamountofgreenhousegassesproducedwithinacityboardertherearedifferent

kind of calculation methods. When the nota energy neutral Delft 2050 was created the CO2producedwithinthecityboarderswasestimatedtobe166Ktonperyear(2011).Theprogress

reportforthetime2012-2014estimatesthetotalproducedCO2fortrafficandtransporton58

Ktonin2012.

The difference of 108 Kton can be explained by a different calculation method. The Dutch

Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment have created a handbook for cities how to

measuretheirlocalCO2emissions.

In this handbook the cities areadvised not to take motorway

emission into consideration, this

because they do not haveinfluence on the CO2 on these

roads, but they do effect the end

result and therefor give a wrong

impression about CO2

performancesofcities.

58kton produced within the city

boarders without taking the A13into account comes down to 0.58

tonCO2percityresidentperyear.

Compared to other cities in the

Netherlands this is a good scoreformobilityemissions.

AirqualityFortheairqualityinthecitytwoindicatorsareused,theNO2andPM10valuesofthiscity.The

EuropeanUnionhasmadenormsforthesevalues,thanarestatedbelow;

− PM10

Annualnorm:40µg/m3

Daynorm:50µg/m3,maximumof35timesexceeded.

− NO2

Annualnorm:40µg/m3

Hournorm:200µg/m3,maximumof18timesexceeded.

TheworldhealthorganizationadviseddifferentnormsforPM10.Theyadvisehalfofthevalues

oftheEU,20µg/m3asannualaverageand25µg/m3asadailymax.

According toNSLmonitoring there are less than 35 times per year that Delft exceeds the 40

µg/m3,andthattheaverageisbelow40µg/m3.TheconcentrationofNO2isanumerousoftimes

exceededasideoftheA13.Therearenopointsinthecitywheretheaverageistoohigh.

Figure8;CO2mobilitypercity(source;KPVV,2013)



ResultsEcoMobilityShiftThefollowingthreediagramsgivetheschematicresultsoftheEcoMobilityShift.Oftheenablers

there is a sufficient amount of finance for eco mobility. This is determined based on thepercentageofthetotalspendingonmobilitythatisrelatedtosustainablemeansoftransport.On

theotherpoints,Delftcanstillimprove.Theindicatorsallhavetodowiththeextendwithwhich

thecityhasthegoodcircumstancestoimplementsustainabilitymeasures.

Figure9;Enablers(Source,EcomobilityShift)

In the transport system& service, there ismore variety in the different indicators. The lowemissionvehiclesare lackingthemost togetherwiththemobilitymanagementservices.Other

indicatorssuchasparkingmeasuresandplanningofnewcityareasarescoringreallyhigh.

Figure10;Transportsystem&service(Source;EcoMobilityShift)

June2016


The last category is the results & impacts and specifies the performance regarding effect,

regardlessofhowthis isbeingreached. Hereweseethatthemodalsplit isperformingabove

100percentofthescoredefinedbyEcoMobilityShift,thescoreofthemodalsplitisdependingontheusageof thecar.Thesafetyconditionsalsoscorehigh,witha fatalaccidentrateof2 in

2015 and 64 severe injuries. The local air has a window for improvements, it meets the

European Unions guidelines but not in all circumstances the advice of the world health

organisation.Alsothegreenhousegaseshaveplaceforimprovement,thisisonlywhentheA13istakenintoaccount.WithouttheA13DelfthasaCO2valueof58Kton(2014) insteadof166

Kton(CityofDelft,2015).Thisis lessthan5.8Ktonper10.000inhabitantsandwillresult ina

higherscore.

Figure11;Results&impacts(Source;EcoMobilityShift)

Thesegraphsareusedtogiveanoverviewonwhichelementsofthetransportsystemstillneed

themostattentionand theyareused in theSWOT-analysis in chapter3.TheEcoMobilityShift

method does not take goods transport into account even though this is seen as an important

factorforthesustainabilityofatransport.Thiswillthereforebediscussedseparatelyinthenextsubchapter.

SustainabilityofgoodstransportDelfthasanemissionzonefortrucksinthecitycentre.Thisrulerestrictstrucksinthisinnercitythatdonotatleasthaveaeuro4-dieseltruck.Truckwithothertypesoffuelsisalwaysallowed.

Thisway(old)dieseltruckswithhighemissionratescannotenterthecitycentre.

DelftinitiatedaprojecttogetherwithPostNLcalledStadslogistiekDelft(CityDistributionDelft),

to make city distribution in Delft efficient and sustainable The city distribution is aiming to

reducetheamountofmovementinthecitybyvans,whiledrivingsmallelectricalvehicles.These

smallelectricalvehiclesdoresult inreducedCO2emissionbutwillalso improvethequalityofpublicspaceinDelft,becausetherearefewermovementsandthevehiclesproducelessnoise.

BecauseofthesemeasuresDelft isalreadyaheadofmanyothercitieswiththeir influenceand

contributionongoodstransportwithinthecity.



3. GoalsforsustainabletransportinDelftInthischapteranoverviewtheopportunitiesandthreatsforDelftwillbedeterminedresultingingoalstomakemobilityinDelftmoresustainable.Afterthegoalsaredeterminedmeasuresare

lookedforthatcanhelpaccomplishthesegoals.

SWOT-analysisBasedonmeetingswithemployeesof thecity, theMetropolitanregionRotterdam-TheHague,consultancyFirmAdvier,Boltmobilitytogetherwithonlineresearchonstatsandtrendsasetof

strengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesandthreatshavebeendetermined.

StrengthsBeneficialgeographic,Delftisadensecitywithshortdistancesinbetweenthecityparts.These

shortdistancescreateafavourablesituationforgreenmeansoftransport.Alsothedistanceto

RotterdamandTheHagueisverybeneficial.

AccessibilityofDelft,situatedinbetweentwomajorDutchcitiesdelfthasexcellentconnections

bytrain, tram,bus,carandevenbiketoRotterdamandTheHague. In2015themotorwayA4

was finished, creatinga secondconnectionbetween the twocities, this reducescongestionon

theothermotorway,theA13.

Cyclingtrips,Delfthasanincredibleamountofpeoplecyclingwithinthecity.Intheinnercity61

per centof the trips aremadebybike (DIP,2015).Delft is verygoodaccessiblebybike fromRotterdamandTheHagueandalsowithinDelftthedistancesaregoodtocycle.Cyclistsarealso

allowedtocycleeverywhereintheinnercity,whichmakesitverycompetitivetowalking,public

transportandthecar.Thehighusageofthebikecanpartlybeexplainedbythebigamountof

studentsinDelft.Ofalltripsgoingtoorfromthecampus80percentofalltripsisdonebybike.

P&R, inDelftoneparkandridefacility ispresentattheedgeofthecity,this isattrainstation

Delftzuidanditisfreetoparkthere(Parkerenindestad,2016).Fromtheparkandridefacility

there isdirectaccess to thecitycentrebysprinter.This ticket isnot integrated in theparkingfacility,becausetheparkingisfree.

Small-scalecity,withinDelfttherearemanydevelopmentsthatneedtobetestedasapilot.Delft

wouldliketheseinnovationstobepresentedandtestedinDelft.ComparedtobiggercitiesDelftis rather small, which can be an advantage for smaller pilots. Delft is also situated very

beneficial,sothatpilotscaneasilyrolloutfurtherintothemetropolitanareaofRotterdam-The

Hague. Thebig shareofhigh-educatedpeople and students canalso lead to ahighattractionfactorfornewinnovationsandpilots.Thiscanresultinmoreusageandabetterresultofapilot.

Numberof tourists, in2015Delftwasvisitedbyabout2,3million tourists.1,7millionvisitors

came from form the Netherlands and another 600 thousand came from outside of theNetherlands.These tourists spend30eurosperday forDutchvisitors a250euros for foreign

visitors, inclusiveovernightstay (CityofDelft,2013). Thisgroup iseasy to influencebecause

theydonothavearoutineandtheyarewillingtopay.Thiscancreateopportunitiestodevelop

sustainable transport for this group. Furthermore a technological innovation can attract extravisitorsthatcanbeanextrastimulationforDelfttoimplementnewmeasures.

WeaknessesElectrical cars, In begin 2015 Delft had 40 electrical vehicles; this is one per every 3.000inhabitants.InplacesasAmsterdamandEindhoventhisisalreadybetweenoneelectricalcarfor

every570and640inhabitant.Delfthaslesschargingstationinthecitythanonaverageinthe

Netherlands (CBS,2015), inDelft are43public charging facilities (Delft, 2016)This is still an

facilitytoimproveandcangiveaboosttoelectricdriving.

June2016


Small-scalecity,asmuchasbeingasmall-scalecityisanadvantageitcanalsobeadisadvantage.

Pilotsthatneedalotofspaceorabigamountoftravellerstohavethebesteffectmightchoseforbiggercitiesfromthebeginningon.Butbecausethehighlevelofinterestandthegoodoptions

toscaleupfromDelftthisisexpectedtobeaminimumweakness.

OpportunitiesTechnologicalcompanies,700technologicalcompaniesaresituatedinDelftandareworkingonnew developments. The companies do not only offer working places but can also help Delft

brandasatechnologicalhotspotandthereforeattractevenmorecompaniestosettleinthearea

and collaborate with other parties. The city of Delft can then use these companies and their

knowledgefordevelopmentsinandaroundthecity.

Research institutes, The Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), The Hague University of

AppliedSciencesandInHollandUniversityofAppliedSciencesarethreeresearchandeducationinstitutes inDelft. Inthefieldofmobilityandsustainabilitythey(together)aredoingresearch

on several topics. TU Delft is working on a self-driving vehicles and is doing research to the

effectself-drivingvehicleswillhaveinUrbanareas,TheHagueUniversityofAppliedSciencesis

working on a project Ekolectricwhere they replace a combustion engine in a regular car andconvert it to a electrical car supported by a nitrogen engine. These developments can also

contributetonewdevelopmentsinDelft.

Start-ups,YES!Delft isacompany inDelft thangivesyoungentrepreneurssupport todeveloptheirproduct.Collaboratingtogetherwiththesestart-upsDelftcanimplementnewtechnologies

directlyonthestreets,supporttheCO2reductionwhilesupportingtheDelftinnovationsector.

ThreatsThe change of the political climate can be seen as the most relevant threat to plans for

sustainable developments. Different political parties have different view on the situation and

differentmethods to reach sustainability. Plans shouldbemadeon such away that also after

upcomingelectionsthemeasureswillstillbesupportedandinplace.

StakeholdersThe city ofDelftworks togetherwith several stakeholders that canhelp themwith becoming

more sustainable. In this subchapter an overviewwill be given of possible stakeholders that

couldbedeterminedinthelimitedtime.Itcouldbethatacertainstakeholderisnotmentionedhere that could have been. Due to the limited time, stakeholders have been determined that

seemed most suitable at that moment. The stakeholders were chosen because of already

ongoing projects or interests into an aspect of sustainable mobility at the moment that this

reportwasreleased.

− Citizensofdelft

− Delftscompanies(suchasAdvier,TNO,SiemensandExcect)

− MRDH

− DelftUniversityofTechnology

− TheHagueUniversityofAppliedScience

− Yes!Delft



TechnologicalTrendsThedevelopmentsofnew technologies is amust for sustainabledevelopment,becauseof this

dependencebut also theunpredictability of technological innovation it canbehard for policy

makers to create their long termplans. In thispartof the report a summarywillbegiven for

recent innovations that can influence themeasures for sustainablemobility that are planneduntil2019.Sothesedevelopmentsareexpectedtohaveaninfluenceonthemobilitymarketona

reallyshortterm.

EmissionfreevehiclesAlready in in the 20th century cars were produced with other engines than conventional

combustionengines.Inthe1996theEV1wasdevelopedandproducedbyGeneralMotors.This

electricalvehiclehadarangeof100km’sandcoulddrive129km/h. (EV1.org,2016) In2016

thistechnologydidnotcamethatmuchfurther.AVolkswagenE-golfforexamplecandrive130km/hwitharangeof190(Volkswagen,2016).

But in June 2012 TeslaMotors camewith theModel S, an electrical super carwith over 500kilometresofbatteryrange,andatopspeedof250km/h.TheteslamodelSisahighsegment

carthatisinthesamepricecategoryasanAudiA8orPorschePanamera.Teslaisplanningon

bringing out a cheapermodel in 2017with similar specifications. Because of this new trend

driving electrical has become a new trend and in the next year it is expected that thedevelopmentsattheothermanufacturerswilldevelopandthereforemakingtheelectricalcara

massproductioncar,insteadofanexclusiveproduct.

Anothertypeofemissionfreevehiclesisthehydrogenvehicle.IntheNetherlandsthereisonecaravailableonthecommercialmarket thatdrivesonhydrogen,andthat is theHyundai iX35

FuelCell(ANBW,2015).Thecarhasasellingvalueof25.000eurosbutcanintheNetherlands

onlybeleasedfor2.000eurospermonth.Afterpossiblesubsidiesthismightgetless.TheIX35

fuel cell is heavier than the normal IX35 and drives around 600 kilometres on a full tank.Fuelling hydrogen can be done on only three places in the Netherlands and costs 50 euros

(Fuelswitch.nl,2016).Becauseoftheearlystageofthistypeofvehicleitisnotexpectedtoplaya

majorroleuntil2019,althoughtheneedforatankstationmightbethere.

AutonomousvehiclesAnothertrendthatisalsodevelopingfastistheautonomousvehiclesthatcandrive(partly)on

their own.Many carmanufacturers and other companies are investing in the development of

self-driving vehicles. Tesla motors has recently made an update available that allowed tesladriverstoactivateautopilot.Withthefeaturetheteslaisabletostaybetweentwolanesandto

keep distance to the cars in front. The autopilot can also change lanes. This is the first self-

drivingcarthatisavailableforprivateconsumers.

OpendatasourcesAnother technological trend can be considered the huge amount of data that came available

because of GPS, Bluetooth, RFID tickets,WIFI and other innovations that allowpolicymakers

andoperatorstocollectlivedataortoanalysestaticdata.

Thisdatacanalsobedirectlypublishedtotheconsumers,withthisextradatatheconsumercan

makebetterdecisionsoritcanmakehisorhertraveleasier.

June2016


PoliticalneedsInthisreportthepoliticalprocesswillbeconsideredlessthanthefactualresultofthemeasures.

But tobeable todefendthechosenmeasures togetherwith thepolitics,attentionneedstobe

giventothepoliticalneedsinDelft. InthissubchapterabriefexplanationwillbegivenonthepoliticalclimateinDelftandfromthedeputymayorthathasreservedthebudgetforsustainable

mobility.

TendifferentpartiesarepresentinthecitycouncilofDelft.Thebiggestpartyarethedemocrats(D66), followedbyStudentparty (STIPP),Greenparty (GroenLinks) and the socialdemocrats

(PvdA). All four of these parties have their representative as a deputymayor and of course a

representationinthecitycouncil.

− The first deputy mayor is A. Hekker from D66, he is responsible for finance, youth,

educationandpublicservices.

− TheseconddeputymayorisF.FörsterfromSTIP,heisresponsibleforeconomy,culture

andspatialplanning.

− The third deputymayor is S. Brandligt fromGroenLinks, he is responsible for labour,

sustainabledevelopmentandmanagementofthecity.

− Thefourthdeputymayor isR.dePrez fromPvdA,he isresponsible forhousing,urban

renewalandcare.

− ThelastdeputymayorisL.HarpefromVVD,heisresponsiblefromtrafficandtransport,

landmanagement&realestateandrailwayzone.

In2014thepartieshaveformedacoalitionagreementfortheperiodbetween2014and2018,for this agreement all parties in the city council have signed the actionpoints for this period.

Specialattentionpointsare the improvementof cyclehighways, safetyoncycleways, integral

parkingpolicyforcarsandenoughparkingfacilitiesforbicycles.

The budget for the sustainable mobility measures comes from the budget of the last deputy

mayor L. Harpe. In 2014, the year of the elections, the VVD has announced goals for 2018

regardingtrafficandtransport.Acoupleofexamplesare;wholeparkingsystemcarriedoutbyathird party, better accessibility and flow of traffic by tramline towards Rotterdam-TheHague

airport,accessibilityfordisabledattramstops,nomovableobstaclesaroundtheinner-cityand

betteraccessibleTU-neighbourhood.

Thesearejustacoupleofexamplesofwhatthepartiesambitionswerein2014,notallofthese

ambitions are still feasible and some different ones came in place. In the description for the

sustainablemobility budget is referred to the use of smart or big data and the promotion of

innovativelivinglabssuchasself-drivingvehiclesontheTUCampus,onlastmilesolutionandsingleticketingmethods.InallthesemeasuresbrandingforthecityofDelftisimportant,hereby

thesustainablemobilitywillgetmoreattentionandDelftcouldhaveinfluenceonabiggerscale

duetotheirstatus.

Allofthesemeasuresabovecangiveanindicationonwhatmightbeinterestingforthedeputy

mayorandthecitycouncil.Nevertheless thisresearch takesmore intoaccount, suchasactual

CO2reduction.Thepoliticalviewswillthereforenotbeseenasaconstrain,buttakenintoaccountwhendeterminingthemostsuitablemeasures.



BudgetGoalsThe main goal of the budget is to contribute on the most suitable way to sustainable

developmentswithinDelft.Inthischapterallfactorsthatarebeingtakenintoconsiderationare

described.This results in thedefinition for suitable in the situationofDelft.To contribute themostsuitabletosustainablemobilitydevelopments inDelftmeasuresshouldcontributetothefollowingsixgoals,theyaredescribedinthischapter.

ThemainambitionstillbeingtoreduceCO2createdbymobility,buttakingintoaccountallthestrengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, stakeholders, technological trends and political

needswill lead toabetterresult forDelft. Inchapter5 thegoalswillbegivenaweight in the

multicriteriaanalysis..

1. Improvement of enablers, understanding user needs, monitoring and public

participation

Thefirstgoal isto involvecitizensandcompanieswithinthecityboardersmorewithplansofthe city of Delft. It is often seen that these ideaswill bring the city further andwill give the

citizensmoretrustintheirmunicipality.

Also from within the government more emphasis needs to be laid on a more demand-bases

supplyofcityservices.ThisisarecenttrendthatisseenbackinmanyEU-projectsandwillhelpDelfttodevelopfurther.

Furthermore the monitoring of the measures and the effects of measures on predetermined

performanceindicatorsandpublishedtopolicymakesbutalsotocitizensandcompaniescanbe

improved,theycanthanseethisperformanceandknowhowthemeasureshaveeffectontheircity.

Thisgoal is importantbecausethere isa lackofregularandsystematicwayofmonitoringthewishes of the inhabitants and the performances of the government. By making this more

systematicabetterreviewcanbemadeoftheeffectofpolicy.Thereforenewinitiativescanbe

reviewed easier and with proper participation the knowledge of residents can be used to

optimizethemobilitysystem.Byusingalltheinputandassessingmeasuresinanearlierstage,moreprojectsforsustainablemobilitycanbedoneonabetterway.

2. Increasetheshareoflowemissionvehicles

TheshareofCO2neutralvehiclesindelftisnotscoringtobad,butcoulddobetter.Toincrease

this amountmeasureshave tobe taken topromote theuseor the ease thepurchaseof these

vehicles.Anothermeasurecouldbetoimprovethevehiclesofthemunicipalityitself.

It is seen that the share of electrical cars is increasing exponentially. The goal of the Dutch

government istohave200.000(semi)electricalcars in2020intheNetherlands.Basedonthe

amountofcarsinDelftthiswouldbeapproximately800carsinDelft,wherethereareonly16full electrical vehicles at themoment and707hybrid vehicles (RDW,2016).Because taxation

rules for hybrid vehicles are less favourable a big jump in full electrical vehicles is needed to

contributetothegoalof200.000electricalcars.

June2016


3. Mobilitymanagementmeasures

WithinDelftothersoftmeasuressuchaspromoting, rewardingorpunishingcertainmeansoftransportcanalsoleadtoaCO2neutralDelft.Meansoftransportsuchaswalking,cycling,public

transportandCO2neutralcarscanbepromoted.Bigdata(alreadyavailabletoabigextend)can

helptomakethetransitiontowardsothermeansoftransporteasierormoreattractiveforthe

users.

Delfthasalackofmobilitymanagementmeasures;thesemeasurescanbelowcostandhavea

big effect on themobilitymarket and potentially emissions. Therefore this goal is taking into

account.4. Completingtheintegratedtransportsystemincludingbigdata

Anotherambitionistocreateacompleteandintegratedtransportsystemincludingallmeansof

transport.Thegoalsbelongingtothisgoalaretocreateaplatforminwhichtravellerscanhaveintermodaltraveladviceandwherealltransportmeansareintegratedintooneticket.

InDelftthereisstillalotofservicesseparateofeachother,thiscanhavenegativeeffectsfortheawarenessoftraveloptions.Givingresidentsknowledgeabouttheiroptionwillbethefirststep

for transition. This is combined with big data because of the technological trends that allow

moredatatobeadaptedinallkindoffeatures.Thereisalsopoliticalneedintheuseofbigdata

inDelft,thisisbecauseoftherecenttrendsoftheuseofthisdataandtherolethiscanplayinthedevelopmentofthecity.

5. SupportfieldlabsandIncreaseinnovativecityimageforsustainablemobility

ThelastambitionistoprofileDelftmoreasaleadingcitywithintheMRDHbutalsowithinthe

Netherlands.ManyresearchandeducationinstitutedaresituatedinDelftbutoftenfieldlabsare

notcarriedoutwithinthecityitself.IfDelftwouldbeabletokeepmoreoftheinnovationsfrom

thecityitself,itmightattractmorevisitors,companiesandstudents.

Delfthasalotofknowledgeandhasgoodcircumstancesfortryingoutpilots,thesepilotshelp

new innovations to develop. It is therefore important to support them and give them space,especiallyinDelft.

6. Create better accessibility of the inner-city for tourists and visitors towardsTechnopolis,Delft-southandRotterdam-TheHagueairport

One of the ambitions is to create extra accessibility towards these three destinations. This is

becausepublictransportislackingherewhichcanresultinhighercarusage.Forthetouristsa

solutionisneededforthetouringbussesthatcannotdrivefurtherthantheHampshirehoteljustoutsideofthecanalofDelft.

Tohavemoresupportformeasuresitcanbeimportantthatthesemeasuresarenotstand-alone

projects,butdoactuallycontributetoalreadyexcisinggoalsofthecity.Thereforethissixthgoalcanplayanimportantfactor.



4. MeasurecatalogueDuring the interviews with different city employees and with knowledge from previous(European) projects measures have been worked out that could be useful for Delft.. The

measures in this catalogue are all the options that will be considered in a later stage of the

research.

Thetenmeasuresdescribedinthischapterare:

− E-scootersharingscheme

− Bikesharingscheme

− Sharingofinnovations(Mobilityhouse)

− GreenCityCentreShuttle

− Cleanthecitiesfleet

− Increaseofamountofchargingpoles

− Budgetforcitizeninitiatives

− Budgetforcompanystart-ups

− Publishdata

− Longtermparkingfacility

Allmeasureswillbedescribedbythesameheadlines,Thesearewhatthemeasureis,whythis

measuresisformedthisway,whowillcontributeandwhothetargetgroupis,whatthesuccess

factors,whatthedesiredeffectisandwhatvariationsarepossible.Thefindingsinthischapter

arebasedonexperiencesinthepastwithotherprojects.

June2016


E-scootersharingschemeWhat?Asharingsystemof20scootersthatarefreefloatinginthecity,the20scooterswillbeputintoplaceandareavailableforresidentandvisitors.ThescootersareavailablewiththeOV-

chipcardwithoutsubscription.Why? The scooter sharing systemwill createmore freedom and increase the accessibility fornon-carusers.Itincreasesthechoiceofpublictransportandwillmakeitmoreattractivetovisit

Delftwithothermeansoftransport.Thefree-floatingsystem,wherethescooterscanbeparked

directlyatthedestinationofthepersonthatisrentingthescooter,willgivetheuserthefreedom

totraveldoortodoor.Thescootersandthesystemneedtobeinnovativeandthereforepromotethe innovative city character of Delft while getting extra attention for sustainable transport

means.Thisincreaseinattractivenesswillgraduallyresultinahighershareoftravellersusing

environmentallyfriendlytransportsystems.ThereforetheproductionofCO2,NOXandNO2will

decreaseovertime.Who? Three parties are involved in the operation of themeasures, the city of Delft,whowillhave a co-financing role, an operator, who needs to make an investment as well and is

responsibleforthebusinessmodel,andfinallyascootermanufacturer.

The target group is in general visitors and inhabitants. Visitors are able to rent the scooterbecauseoftheintegratedticketsystemandbecausenosubscriptionisneeded,commutersare

alsobelonginginthisgroup.Anothergroupofusersaretheinhabitantsthemselvesthatwantto

accessaplacethatistoofarforthebikeorwhereparkingpossibilitiesbycartocomplicated

How?Thereare severalpossibilitiesofputting inplacea scooter sharing system.Factors thatcandifferare,amongstothers,thepaymentsystem,price,andminimumdurationofrentalandif

arentalsystemisstationbasedorfreefloating.Forthissystemafree-floatingsystemischosen

toensurethatuserscanuseitupanduntiltheirdestination.ThepaymentsystemwillbetheOV-

chipcard and if possible in combination with the credit card, so that visitors without an OV-chipcardcanalsousetheservice.Thepaymentwillbeper15minutes,butthescooterscanalso

berentedforanentireday,sothattheycanuseittotravelRotterdamorTheHague,inthiscase

the scooterwillneed tobebroughtback to thegeographical area that isdetermined toenda

rentalperiod.Inthefutureitispossiblethatthescooterscanbehandedinthereaswell.Desiredeffect?Thescootersshouldbewellusedbyinhabitantsandvisitors;theEuropeanunionreleasedahandbookforbikesharingincludingaveragerentalperyear.Forabikeinasmallcity

thisis235timesperyear,inbiggercitiesthisgrowsupanduntil463timesperyear(European

Union,2013).Forscootersharingthedesiredeffectistoattracttheearlyadaptersandrentouteachscooter235timesperyear.Thisamountshouldbeenoughtocovertherunningcosts,the

maintenanceandtogrowwithinheMRDH.

Variations− Stationbasedscooters

− Useofascooterapptopay

− Amountofsharingscooters

− Petrolfuelledsharing

scooters

Successfactor− A requirement for this system is an application to

find a scooter in you surrounding and enough

scootersforthespaceinwhichthescootersmaybe

parked. This is tomake sure that there is always a

scooterintheproximity.

− The investment plan for the operator needs to be

createdonaway,sothatthesharingsystemwillbeabletomaintainandgrowwithitsownrevenueand

cangrowwithintheMRDH.

− Thepowerusedtocharge thescooterswillneedto

comefromasustainablesource.



BikesharingschemeWhat?130fixedplacesharingbicyclesaroundthecityofDelft,therentalperiodwillbebetween15minutesand24hoursandthebikesareaccessibleforallinhabitantsandvisitorsofthecity.

Why? The bike sharing schemewill be supplementary to the transport system andwill allowusersofpublictransporttogetabetterandeasywaytotraveldoortodoor.Theattractivenessofthesustainablemeansoftransportwillthereforebepromotedandtheshareofthesemeansis

expectedtogrow,reducingtheemissions.

Who?Anoperatorwillneed tomakean investmentplanandmakesure thatall thebikesareworking.ThecityofDelftwillgiveastartsubsidyforthebikesandabikesupplierneedforthesupplyofthebikes.

ThetargetgroupisallthevisitorsandinhabitantsofDelft.

How?Thereareseveralpossibilitiesonhowthebikesharingsystemcanlooklike.Accordingtothehandbookforbikesharingsystems,optimisebikesharinginEuropeancites,createdbytheEuropeanUnion,therearemanydifferentkindofsystemswiththeirowncharacteristics,such

as the bikes, station, software, registration, integration, type of contract, etcetera.Most of the

characteristicsneedtobedeterminedinalaterstage.Inthisstagethreerecommendationswillbemadeforthebikesharingsystem,becausetheyareseenassuccess factors,andthesystem

willnotfullyfunctionwithoutthem.

The firstone is theaccess technology thatshouldbemanagedonsuchaway that thebikes isaccessiblewithout subscription, furthermore thedensityof thebikesharingsystem is seenas

veryimportant.Toguaranteeahighdensitytheaverageamountofbikesseeninsmallcitiesare

required,thisis130inthecaseofDelft.Lastopportunityforthebikesharingsystemistoallow

userstotraveltoRotterdamandTheHague.Thelimitationsandpricingisimportantforthis,thebikesshouldberentableforalimitedamountofminutes,butalsoforaday,sothatthetraveller

can return the bike to Delft. Later in process the bike sharing system can grow to thewhole

MRDH.The130bikesarebasedontheaveragedeterminedbytheEuropeanUnion.

Desired effect? The desired effect is very similar to the one for scooter sharing. The systemshouldpayitselfandgiveacontributiontothetransportsystem.Thismeansthatusersshould

experiencemore freedomwhen they travel to Delft with public transport and on amid-long

termtheshareofsustainabletransportmeansshouldincrease.

Successfactors− A requirement for this system is

enoughsharingbikesforthespaceinwhich the bikes are used this to

guaranteetheproximityofbikes.

− Theinvestmentplanfortheoperatorneedstobecreatedonasustainable

way, so that the sharing systemwillbeabletomaintainandgrowwithin

theMRDHwithitsownrevenue.

− Thesharingbikesneedtobe

accessiblewithoutsubscriptionto

allowvisitorstousethesystemas

well.

Variations− AllfactorsnamedbytheEU

handbook.

June2016


SharingofinnovationsWhat? Facilitate a space on a good visible location so that research institutes and companieswithinDelftcanpresenttheirinnovationsinameanofmobility.Thevehiclesshouldbeavailable

forhireorvisitorscanjoinaride.

Why? The measure will promote innovation within Delft and attract attention to newdevelopments in the mobility market. For developers it is an opportunity to promote their

researchandget feedbackfromusers.ThemeasurewillgiveDelftaboost,bothonthesideof

the innovation companies, ason the sideof thevisitors, that canonadailybasis tryoutnewdevelopments.

Who? The city of Delft will facilitate a good visible spot in the city and create space fordevelopers to present their vehicle and have a promotional desk. Innovators will need to

subscribe and users can vote who they want to get the space when there are too manysubscriptions.

Thetargetgroupwillbeallpotentialcarbuyers,theywillbeawareofthedevelopmentsandtry

outnewthings.Theycantakethisintoconsiderationwhenpurchasinganewcar.Insomecasesitcanalsobepotentialsharingsystemusersofinvestors.Thisdependsontheinnovationthatis

presented.

How?ThecityofDelftneedstoprovidethedeveloperswithanexhibitionspacewheretheycanpresenttheirinnovations.Theresearchinstitutescanapplyforaspotanddetermineiftheyaskcostscompensationperhire,allowhireforfreeordrivepeoplearound.Whentoomanyprojects

areapplyingresidentsorpastuserscanbeaskedtoprioritizewhatinnovationstheywanttosee

first.

Theapplicationsneedtobeprioritizedonapre-determinedway,sothatcontributorscanmakeaplanthatwillhavethehighestscore.ThepointsthatwillbescoredoncanbetheextentofCO2

reduction,hownewtheideaisoronhowmanypeopleinDelftcanbenefitfromit.

Desiredeffect?VisitorsandinhabitantswilltryouttheproductsthatresearchinstitutesinDelfthave created a gain of knowledge about the innovations in Delft. This will contribute to the

positive innovativecitycharacterofDelft.Thepilotsshouldalsogiveresidentsstimulationfor

buying a CO2 neutral car so that the share of these will grow and promoting the research

institutestoworkonnewprojectsandhavethemtriedoutwithinDelft.

Successfactors− Applicationforcompaniesneedstobe

easyandtherentalprocedureneedsto

beattractiveforusers.

− Themobilityhouseneedstobevisible

forbothvisitorsofthecityand

inhabitants.Thistomakesurethat

thereisenoughinterestinthe

products.

Variation− Openapplicationalsofor

organisationsoutside

Delft



GreenCityCentreShuttleWhat? This measure is a tender for an innovative and self-driving CO2 neutral vehicle, thevehiclewilldrivefromtheHampshirehotel(orfromtheIKEA,viaHampshirehotel)totheinner

citytobringaroundtouristsandcommutersofDelft.

Why?ThefirstreasonistoprovidetouristsofDelftaveryappealingwayofenteringtheinnercity. At themoment tourists need towalk from theHampshire hotel just outside of the cities

canaltotheinnercity.Byprovideaninnovativeservicetowardsthecitycentrethetouristshave

amorepleasantaccess.Byprolongingtheserviceto(thecarpoolareaof)theIKEAitcanserve

anothergoaltogetoutthebigbusinthecitycentreandtoallowcommutersandvisitorstoparktheircaroutsideofthecitycentre,andtaketheshuttletotheirfinaldestinationintheinnercity.

Whenthemeasureisasuccessitcanreplacethepartofcitybusline61thatisdrivingfromDelft

IKEAthroughtheinnercitytothestation.

Who?TheservicewillneedtobetenderedoutbythecityofDelftandoperatedbyaresearchinstituteororganisationthatcreatedthevehiclechosenfortheservice.Tothestartinvestment

the citywill contributewith30.000 euros,when the vehicle is driving on electricity the solar

panelsorwindenergywillalsobeinvestedbythecityofDelft.Thefounderoftheproductwillneedtotakecareoftherestoftheturnovertopayfortheexpenses.

How?The servicewillbe tenderedout toamarketpartyand thegovernmentwillpaya startinvestment. The running costs andmaintenancewill need to comeout of advertising costs or

ticketing.

Desired effects? Create a more pleasant and enjoyable entrance to Delft for tourists whilecreatinganextratransportoptionforcommuterstoreachthecitycentre.Thevehiclewilldrive

around in the city centre of Delft and will therefore also attract the attention of visitors orinhabitantsthataretherebyothermeansoftransport.

Successfactors− Thevehicleusedforthetransport

needstobeinnovativeandCO2

neutralandbeavailableforboth

usersandcommuterswithout

subscription.

− Theannualcostsofthevehicleneed

tobegainedbyuseofmarketingor

ticketing.

Variations− Thecitycentreshuttlecanserve

theconnectionbetweentheairport

RotterdamTheHagueandDelft.

June2016


CleanthecitiesfleetWhat?ThescancarofDelftthatisusedtoscanlicenceplateswillbereplacesbyanelectricalcarthat is charged on electricity of a sustainable source. The current golf in usewill be sold and

replacedbythenewelectricalvehicle.

Why? Before encouraging other people tomake a change it is important to look at you ownbehaviour.Thereforethecityneedstomakesurethattheyareleadingandshowingthistothe

public.

In 2006 CE Delft has done a research on the city fleet of the city of Delft. Big polluters are

vehicles thathavehighemissionsperkilometreanddrivemanykilometresperyear.Vehicles

aremostlydrivingbetween10.000kmand20.000kmperyear.

In the list thebiggestpollutersare the17garbage trucks that collectgarbage in thecity.ThisserviceiscurrentlyoutsourcedtoAvelex,acompanyownedbyDelftandothercities.Therefore

thereisnodirectinfluenceonthisfleetanymore.

Thescancarthatisboughtin2016fortheenforcementofthenewparkingsystemdrivesmanykilometresperyear (>30.000) itdrives thesekilometres in the centreofDelft and itdoesnot

have to have that much space. Therefore this car would bemost suitable as a start towards

cleaningthewholecityfleet.

Who? The city of Delft itself will buy the new car. The old car is still worth 21.500 euros(ANWB.nl,2016)andanewelectricalvehicle thatcancover themaximumof160kmperday

costsaround40.000euros.ThecompanyTMCthatwasinvolvedinthebuildofthescancarwillbeinvolvedagaintorebuildthenewcar.

How?Anewcarwillbeboughtandtheoldonewillbereplaced.Thecurrentvehiclehasscanequipmentonboardtocheckthecarsandtoseewhohasparkingpermission.Thistechnologywillneedtobereplacedintothenewvehicle.

Desired effects? Recognition from inhabitants and visitors of the new vehicle, this way theelectrical vehicle also works as a promotion tool for other people to purchase an electrical

vehicle.

The direct desired effect on CO2 reduction is 104 gram CO2 per kilometre, the vehicle drives

around50.000kmperyearmakes5.365KiloCO2reductionperyear.Alsootherpollutingfactors

suchasNOXandNO2willdecrease,thisgivesapositiveeffecttotheairquality.

Successfactors− Thepowerthatisusedtochargethe

newelectricalvehicleneedstobe

fromasustainablesourceofenergy.

Variations− Thescancarcanbereplacedbya

hydrogenfuelcar,oranyotherCO2

neutralvehicle.



IncreaseofamountofchargingpolesWhat? Increase the amount of charging poles with 50 to 93, the charging facilities will bepubliclyavailableandsituatedonplaceswherethedemandisthehighest.

Why?Theministryof infrastructureand theenvironment isaiming tohave200.000electricalvehicleson theroadby2020.When theamountofpassengercars inDelft is compared to thetotal amount of cars in the Netherlands this means that there have to be 770 (RDW, 2016)

electricalvehiclesinDelft.Atthemomentthereare43publicchargingfacilitiesinDelft(Delft.nl,

2016). To cope with this expected growth and to promote the usage of electrical cars these

chargingfacilitiesareneeded.

Who? The ministry of infrastructure and the environment has a budget for cities helppurchasingchargingpoles.Thisstructure isbuildup insuchawaythattheministrypays900

euros per pole, a private investor andoperator 500 euros and the city itself 900 euros (RVO,

2016) After the poles are installed they are taken care of by the operator of the poles. ThefacilitiesthemselvesaremaintainedbythecityofDelft.

Thetargetgroupwillbeall(semi)electricalcarusersinDelfttousethefacilities,butalsoforthe

otherinhabitantstoseetheavailablechargingfacilitiesandtofacetheopportunitiestheyhavetobuyanelectricalcar.

How?Anopenenquirywillbeheld forall companies to install charging facilities inDelft.Therequest is 50 extra charging facilities and the lowest bidder wins. They will get an available

spacefromthecityandwillpurchasethechargingfacilitywiththeavailableresource.Desired effects? The charging facilities should cope with the expected growth in demand,thereforechargingfacilitieswillstayapromotingtoolforcarusersandnotarestriction.

Variations− Thechargingpolescanbeplaced

andoperatedbythecityofDelft.In

thisoptionthecityneedstoassign

anemployeetothistaskorhirethe

necessarypersonnel.

Successfactors− Thechargingpolesshouldbe

placedonplaceswherethe

demandishigh,buttheyshould

nottakeawayunnecessaryspace

fromothercarparkers,thismight

causeanegativeimagefor

electricalcars.

June2016


BudgetforcitizeninitiativesWhat? A budget of 50.000 euros for improvements or investments in sustainable modes oftransportwillbereserved,andresidentsofDelftwillbeaskedfortheiropinion.Theycancreate

aproposalofwhattheywouldliketoseeandhowthisisfeasible.Why?Inhabitantsofacityhavethebestfeelingofwhatisgoingonandwhattheirtroublesareintheir daily trips. In a citymany people also travel around andmight have gotten inspired by

otherplaces.By including these residents intoplans for the city, new ideaswill comeup that

otherwisewouldnothavebeenthoughtabout.Inhabitantscanalsostartfeelingmorepartofthe

cityandresponsibleforsustainability.

Who? The city of Delft will does a request to all residents of Delft for this measure. After ameasurehasbeenchosentheinhabitantsthathadappliedareresponsibleforcarryingoutthe

measureproposed.Thetargetgroupforthesecitizeninitiativesisdependingonthespecificmeasure,butshouldbe

useableforanasbiggroupaspossible.

How? The city of Delft will give a challenge and that is to promote and improve sustainabletransport inDelft.Theywillbegivenabudget thatcannotbeexceeded,howless themeasurecosts,themorechanceitwillhavetosucceed.Thereforesmalleasymeasureswillhaveasmuch

change, as they can change the perception and quality of urban space as much as drastic

changes.

Desiredeffects?Theideasthathavebeencomeupwithbyresidentsshouldleadtoinnovativemeasuresinthe

cityona small scale so that theyareusable forall inhabitants.Themeasures canalso lead to

nationalattentionduetothehighleveloffreedomthattheinhabitantgotfromthecity.

Variations− Thebudgetcanbesplitinseveral

piecesorkeptasonpiece

Successfactors− Thereneedstobeenoughknowledge

abouttheenquiryamongstcitizens

− Thequestionsneedstobeaskedon

suchaway,thateveryproposal

answeringthequestionisanoption



Budgetforcompanystart-ups.What?Asubsidyofmaximum50.000euroswillbegivenacompanythathasthebestbusinessmodelforasustainablemobilitysolutioninDelft.Theheightofthesubsidywillbedependenton

how much the company invests, for every euro invested by the company one euro will be

subsidized.

Why?Thesubsidywillgivecompanieswithasolutionformobilitytheopportunitytostart.ThiswillgiveDelftaccesstonewideasandstart-upsfinancialandphysicalsupport.Thecompanies

willhavethechangetodeveloptheirlocalsolutionwithinDelft,whilethecitywillbenefitfrom

innovativesolutionstodailymobility.

Who?ThecityofDelftwilldoarequesttoallcompaniesandresearchinstitutesinDelftforthismeasure.Theywillhavetohandinaproposal,andasetofroundswilldeterminewhatideais

thebestforDelft.

The ideas proposed by the companies can be assessed by theMCA used in this report or by

allowingcitizenstovoteforthebestidea.

How?Forthisbudgetcommunicationisasimportantastheactualmeasure.Onforehandthecityneeds to make sure that all possible participants are aware of the possibility and that the

boundariesareclear.Inlaterstagescitizenscanbeinvolvedtodeterminethebestidea.

Desired effects? The process should bewell visible for all citizens of Delft and a high rate ofpeople should rate on the best idea. The business model that will be subsidized shouldcontributetothemobilitypatternsofasmanypeopleofDelft,sothatitisfrequentlyvisible.

Successfactors− Goodcommunicationtothe

participantsandothercitizens.

− Clearprojectoutlineandfair

scoringmethods.

Variations− Thebudgetcanbesetavailablefor

aspecificchallenge

− Companiesfromotherplacescan

beallowedtocontributeaswell.

June2016


PublishdataWhat? The scan car of Delft registers cars that are parked in zoneswhere just residents areallowedtoparkandwherethere isapaymentrequiredtopark.This ismostly inareaswhere

theparkingpressureissohighthatthesemeasuresareneededtoregulatesupplyanddemand.The scan car makes a link with parking spots that are there, and what cars have a parking

permission. It does that by scanning each car in each spot. By combining all this data an

availabilityofparkingspacescanbecreatedthatcanbeusedforcaruserstofindaspotfaster.

With this measure the city will make open data available where parking spots are oftenavailable. Travellers can use this directly, but navigation companies can also include this

informationintheirmaps.

Why?Twogoalsareconsidered; firstofall it isatooltoprovideuserswithinformationaboutwhentheycanparkinwhatarea.Theinformationwillbeput inamaponthesiteDelft.nlbutalsobemadeavailableonthedatabaseforopendatasothatnavigationcompaniescantakethis

into account. The use of this open data will be promoted by actively searching contact with

navigationsystemcompaniestofindoutwhattheywouldbeinterestedintohaveandintegrate

intheirservice.

Asecondgoalistoanalyseparkingbehaviourwithinthegovernmentitself.Excisingspotscanbe

definedwhereparkingpressureisveryhigh,butalsotheeffectofnewpolicycanbemonitored.

Who?ThecityofDelftneedstocontactapartnersuchasaresearchinstituteorconsultancytoget knowledge about the possibilities. Another option is to collaborate with the city of

Amsterdamandgetincontactwiththem,thecityofAmsterdamiscurrentlydoingapilotwith

analysingdatafromtheirscancar.Desiredeffects?Thedatawithavailabilityregardingtheprobabilitypertimeandlocationthataparkingplacewillbepublishedonthewebsiteoramobileapp.Inafurtherstagethedatawillbe

usedbynavigationcompanies so that travellerswillbebrought to the streetwith thehighest

probabilitytoparkwithouthavingtolookthisupfirst.

Successfactors− Thedatathatwillbepublishedas

opendatawillneedtofulfilthe

guidelinesthatarebeingdetermined

bythenationalgovernment.

Variations− Inalaterstageliveparkingdatacanbe

used,thisincombinationwithsensors.



LongtermparkingfacilityWhat? Extra connection to the parking facilities of Delft outside of the city boarders will becreated.ThisincludesconnectiontothecarpoolareaattheIKEAandpossiblecollaborationwith

IKEAandtheparkingtotheterrainoftheTechnicalUniversity.

DuringtheweektheparkingoftheIKEAisnotbefullyutilized,sinceitshouldbebigenoughfortheir peak moment, while in the weekends a lot of parking capacity is free at the technical

university.Tobringthistogetheranapproachisneededthatadvisesvisitorsandcommutersto

parkatthesideofthecity,andgofurtherbybike,bus,tramorthegreencitycentreshuttle.

Perfacilitywillbelookedwhatmeanoftransportsuitesthemosttothecharacteristicsofthatparticularstop.ForthepublictransportaP&Rticketcanbeoffered,includingparking.Hereby

thepossiblerewardfortheowneroftheparkingfacilitycanalsobedetermined,basedonthe

amountofP&Rsales.

Why?ToallowvisitorsthathaveeasiestaccesstoDelftbycartoreachthecitycentrebyDelftwithout driving into Delft. This will increase liveability in the city of Delft and reduce local

pollution.BecausetheterrainoftheIKEAandtechnicaluniversityarenotfullyutilized,theycan

haveprofitfromtheseextravisitors.Theycanreceivearewardforeverycarparkedatthearea,orincaseoftheIKEAattractvisitorswho,whentheyarethereanyways,mightgointheIKEA

forasnackortolookaround.

Who?ThecityofDelftwithcollaborationwiththetechnicaluniversityandtheIKEADelft.ThecityofDelftisthefirstpartyinterestedintheinthisextraparkingfacility.Theotherpartieswillbeaskedtoallowotherusers touse theirparkingcapacity,onmoments that it isnotusedby

themselves.

Thetargetgroupis,dependingonthetimeoftheweek,visitorsandcommuterstoDelft.

Desiredeffect? ReducetheamountofvehiclesthatdriveintothecityofDelftwhileincreasingtheaccessibility

andutilizeexistingfacilitiesasefficientaspossible.

Typ hier uw vergelijking.

Variations− Parkandridefacilitiescanbe

usedinsteadofthefacilities

ownedbyotherstakeholders.

Successfactors− Thelongtermparkingfacilitymust

haveanadvantageforthe

traveller.Itmustthereforebe

cheaper,fasterormore

comfortableforthetraveller.

June2016


5. Makingdecisions

Scoringofthemeasures

Allofthemeasuresnamedbeforewillbeassessedusingamulticriteriaanalysiswith12scoring

pointonwhichthemeasurescangainorlosepoints.ThepointsusedinthisversionoftheMCA

aremadeon theconsiderationof thesituationat the time that this reportwaswritten.Thesepoints are subjective and can be influenced according towish, this will than also change the

outcomeandmaybetheprioritizationofthedifferentmeasures.

ThefirstpointisfortheactualCO2reductionofthemobilitymeasure;thisisbecausethisisthemain ambitionwhere thebudget ismeant.The score for thispoint is from1 to5, 1beingno

effectatalland5beingasubstantialdecreaseofacoupleofpercentofthetotalCO2causedby

mobility.Apartfromthetwopointsthatarerelatedtomoneyallofthepointswillberatedfrom

1to5.

Thesecondpoint is forpublicawareness,becausenearlyallofCO2is causedbyresidentsand

companies it is important to involve them and allow them to change their patterns. Whenmeasuresarecreatedonsuchawaythattheyarevisibletheireffectcanbewaybigger.

As thirdpoint the innovativecharacterofDelftnamed, this isbecausethe increaseof thiswill

leadtoeasierdevelopmentofmoreinnovations.Morecompaniesandinvestorscanbeattractedandthereformoresustainableinnovativemeasurescandevelop,whichhasapositiveeffecton

thesustainabilityofDelft.

The fourthpoint is the investmentscosts thatareexpectedtobe leftover for thecityofDelft.This score goes from€0,- until €250.000,-, this is because this is the budget available for the

government.Thisscoreisdeductedfromthetotalpointsandnotadded.

Thefifthscoreisthescoreforpossiblesubsidy,scoreisgoingfrom€0,-until€250.000,-aswell,so themaximum score is a doubling of the cities investment. This score isweighted because

attractingextrainvestmentfromcompaniesandotherorganisationswillhaveabeneficialeffect

onDelftmobility.

The sixth score is regarding the time that the measure can be in place and have effect. The

budgetisforthetimeperiod2016-2019,whichmeansthatinfouryearsthemeasuresneedto

haveeffectorbeinplace.Thescoregivenforthispointregardstheamountofyearsitwillhaveeffect.

The last six scoresare thegoalsdefined in chapter three.This isbecause theyare considered

importantforthecityofDelftandaremostlikelytocontributetosustainablemobilityinDelft.Allofthesescorearerankedfrom1until5.

Eachindividualscoreendsupinapercentage,anddependingonthepointthiswillbeaddedor

deductedfromthetotalofthismeasure.Intheendatotalscorewillbegivenforeverymeasure,thisscorewilldefinetheprioritization.

Otherfactorsmightbeaffectingtheeffectivenessofthemeasureaswell,butthese12arechosentobemostimportantontheassessmentofthemeasures.

SustainableDelft!

2ndinternshipreport

44

NHTVUniversityofAppliedSciences,Breda

Figure12;MultiCriteriaAnalysis

June2016


PrioritisingTheMCA results in a prioritation between 1 and 10. According to what fits in the budget of

250.000eurosasetofmeasureswillberecommended,stilltakingthisprioritationintoaccount.

Thismeansthat ifafter theplanshavebeendevelopedfurtherandthe firstone isgoingtobemoreexpensiveorcheaperthanexpectedonforehand,thismeansthattheamountofmeasures

canstillchange.

The four measures that are recommended to invest in are the creation of a budget for

companies,themobilityhouse,tostandardisationofopendataandtocarryoutatenderforthe

greencitycentreshuttle.

The first score goes to the subsidy for companies with an innovative sustainable mobility

business plan, the measure scores especially high on public awareness, attention for Delfts

innovations,subsidiesandtheenablers.

The secondmeasure is to publish available data onto data.overheid.nl. Thismeasure has low

investmentcostsandscoreshigh inthemobilitymanagementandintegrationofthetransport

system.

Themobilityhousehasbecomethirdintheprioritisationbecauseofthehighscoresonpublic

awareness, attention for Delfts innovation and the support of field labs. The measure scores

lowerondirectCO2reductionandmobilitymanagement.

Thefourthandlastmeasureisthegreencitycentreshuttle.Thismeasurescoresespeciallygood

onfieldlabs&innovationtogetherwiththeaccessibilityofDelft.

TheMCAwherethisrecommendationisbasedoncanbeseeninfigure9.Thedecisionmakers

canchangetheoutcomebychangingthedifferentfactorsonimportance.Icanalsobethatfor

another reason thatnot the firstmeasureswill be chosen.Therefore the table is included, for

thisrecommendationjustthefirstfourmeasureswillbefurtherdescribed.

Figure13;MCAscenarios

Four scenarios have already been calculated though to see what would happen if certain

indicators are seen as more important. The result can be seen in figure 13, the four chosen

measureareendingupinthetopcategoryinmostcases,buttheydochangeinorder.



6. ImplementationplanInthefollowingchapterthefourmeasuresthathavethehighestscoresoutoftheMCAwillbeworkedout further, inclusive the implementation steps, stakeholder analysis, a timeplan and

thedetailedfinancialstatement.Thebeginningofthetimelinewillbeatthestartof2017,thisis

becauseadecisionforthebudgetwillbemadebythecitycouncilattheendof2016.

Apart fromtheproposedmeasuresthere isa leftoverof€24.000eurosthat isnotconsidered.

Whenallthemeasuresareimplementedandthebudgetshavenotexceeded,thismoneycanbe

spend for thestartofanothermeasureor todevelopone further.Thiswillbeconsidered inafurtherstagetoensureasafebufferincaseofanyextraunforeseencosts.

Budgetforcompanystart-ups

ImplementationstepsForthebudgetforcompaniessiximplementationstepsareused.

− Firsttheenquiryneedstobemademorespecificsothat itwillbegoodtosendout. In

thisphasethecityemployeesneedtodeterminewhattheboundariesareoftheproject,

think of physical boundaries,minimum amount of people that benefit,maximum time

neededforimplementation.Thescoringmethodsalsohavetobedetermined,thisisthe

assessment onwhat the city decidedwhatmeasurewill get the subsidy and can start

withtheirmeasures

− Inthesecondphaseenquirywillbepromotedtoallthecompaniesandorganisationsin

Delftsothattheyknowthattheycanparticipate,whatisexpectedfromthanandhowit

benefitsthemandthecityofDelft.

− Inthethirdphasetheenquirywillbeheldandallparticipantscansendtheirproposalto

cityofDelft

− Inthefourthphaseadecisionhastobemadewhatbusinessplanwillgetthesubsidy.

− Inthefifthphasethecompanythatischosentogetthesubsidywillhavetoimplement

orcarryouthisproposedsustainablemobilitysolutionandwillreceivethesubsidy.

MonitoringAfter every month the company responsible will need to publish data about usage of theproduct,dependingonwhatkindofproductorserviceitis.Thiswillbedecidedafterstagefour.

StakeholdersThecityofDelftwillbethepartythatsendouttheenquiryanddeterminestheboundaryofthe

product.SomecollaborationmightbeneededwithVeolia,HTMandRETtomakesurethatthemeasurewill not be in theway of their public transport service. The last, and probablymost

importantstakeholderisthecompanyfromDelft.

Financialstatement− €50.000 is reserved as the subsidy for the companies, here counts, every euro froma

companyisaeurofromthecityofDelft.

− €10.000willbereservedforthemarketingofthetool,bothinphasetwo,threeandfive.

− €7.000isreservedforemployeesofthecityofDelfttoworkontheproject

− €14.000(20percent)isreservedforunforeseencosts.

− €81.000-maximumfromthecity

− €50.000–amountinvestedbycompanies

June2016


PublishData

ImplementationstepsTo make data from the city of Delft available as open data three implementation steps areneeded.

− ThefirstimplementationstepistodeterminewhatdataisavailableinthecityofDelft.

At least the parking data created by the scan car is a source of data that can become

available.

− The second step is to find out in what format the data needs to be published to

overheid.data.nlandonDelft.nl

− Inthethirdstepthedatawillbecomeavailable

MonitoringThedatawillneed tobemonitoredon correctnessbut alsoonuse.When isdeterminedafter

twoyearsthatnoinitiativesaretakenyetwiththedata,itcanbetriedtopromotethis.Thecity

ofDelftcangetstakeholderstogetherandaskwhattheyareinterestedinandwhichdatatheywillneedforthis

StakeholdersThedatawillbecomeavailablewithinthecityofDelft.Thedatacancomefromdifferentsources,such as the garbage trucks, city distribution, traffic light installations or the scan car. What

stakeholders are there exactlywill dependon the typeof data thatwill becomeanopendata

source.

Financialstatement− €10.000isreservedfor100hoursofworkbyandICTspecialistandapolicyemployeeof

thegovernmentofDelft.Thisamount iscalculatedbasedona€100,-perhour.This to

makesurethathetamountwillnotbeexceeded.

− €2,000(20percent)isreservedforunforeseencosts.

− €12,000–maximumexpensesofthecity



SharingofInnovations

ImplementationstepsThemobilityhouseconsistsoffourimplementationsteps.Onestepneedstobefulfilleduntilthe

nextonecanbestarted.

− Firsttheprojectmorespecific,includingtheavailablelocation,durationofthislocation

andtheprecisedescriptionofwhatkindofvehiclesandinnovationsareallowedtomake

anenquiryandhowtheywillbescored.

− Inthesecondphasetheenquirywillhavetobepromotedsothattheresultisaseffective

aspossibleandaasbigaspossiblegroupofpeoplewillbeawareofthepossibilitiesand

theoutlinesoftheenquire

− In the third phase the enquiries will be collected amongst all the participants and

decisionshavetobemadeaboutwhich initiativesaregoingtobepresent inthehouse

formobility.

− DuringthefourthphasethehouseformobilitywillstartsandthecityofDelftwillneed

tomakeadvertisementandmakesurethatusersfindit.

MonitoringAfterthemobilityhousehasbeeninuseforthepredeterminedamountoftimetheperformancewill be evaluatedandwill be looked for improvements for thenextperiod.A surveyamongst

userswillneedtobeheldtodeterminewhatkindofinnovationsaremostappealingandifthey

stimulateuserstopurchaseorinvestmentinsuchvehicles.

StakeholdersThecityofDelftwillneed toaccommodate theplacewhere the innovations canbepresented

andwhere thehireprocedurecanstart.Theyarealsoresponsible for theprocessofchoosing

whowillbepresentinthehouseformobility.ThecityofDelftwillalsousetheirmarketingtoolstoattractthepropercommunicationfortheenquirybutalsofortheusersinphasefour.

Financialstatement− €50.000 are reserved to prepare the public place where the innovations will be

presentedsothatitissuitableforinvitingpeople.

− €10.000 is reserved for communication andmarketing for both before the enquiry to

attract as many interested organisations as after for attracting as many people aspossible.

− €5.000isreservedfor50hoursoflabourforacityemployeetosetuptheplanandberesponsiblefortheproject

− €5.000isreservedtofacilitatewithpaymentsystemsandotherfacilitiesneededfortherentalprocedure.


− €84.000-maximumfromthecity

− Fromcompaniesthecontributionwilldependontheirplan

June2016


GreenCityCentreShuttle

ImplementationstepsThegreencitycentreshuttlewillbeimplementedinfourimplementationsteps.

− Firstthetenderoutlineneedstobedetermined;thiswillbedoneincooperationwiththe

localpublictransportoperatorsandtheconcessionownersinthecityofDelft.Outofthe

tenderdescriptionitneedstobeclearwhatisgoingtobescoredon.

− In the second phase marketing will be done for the tender so that companies and

researchinstituteswillhavethechangetoinvestigatetheiropportunities.

− In the third phase the tenderwill be given to a participant andmeetingswill start to

determinetheexacttimeplanuntilthemeasurecanbecomeavailable.

− Inthelastphasethemeasurewillneedtobeputintoplace.

MonitoringInimplementationphasethreeagreementsneedtobemadewiththeoperatortodeterminewhatkindofdataisneededfromhimtokeeptrackoftheusageandsatisfactionoftheusers.

Thisdatawillbeusedtodeterminetheeffectofthemeasure.

StakeholdersThecityofDelftwillsponsorthecreationofthevehiclewithasubsidyandfacilitatewithproper

marketingsothattheshuttlewillbeusedasoftenaspossible.Participantsareresponsiblefor

commercialincomeorticketing.

Financialstatement− €30.000isreservedforchangesintheinfrastructuretofacilitytheservice.

− €10.000isreservedformarketingandcommunicationfortheshuttle.


− €48.000arethemaximumexpensesofthecity



June2016


7. ConclusionandrecommendationsRisinglevelsofCO2,NO2andNOXareoccurringandsimultaneouslytheaveragetemperatureisincreasing.Theeffectsarenoticeableand it isbecomingsurer that theseeffectsarerelated to

thechangingclimate. TheEuropeanUnionmakesregulations forcarmanufacturerswithand

thenationalgovernmentshaveinfluenceonthesustainabilityofmobilitybecauseofthetaxation

rulesandthequalityofinfrastructure.

OutoftheEcoMobilityShiftseveralpointsfromtheenablerscanbeimproved,apartfromfinance

forsustainabletransportmeans.Regardingthetransportsystemthelowemissionvehiclesand

themobilitymanagementservicescanbeimprovedthemost.Especiallypositiveindicatorsaretheplanningofnewcityareasandtheparkingmeasures.Regardingthethirdpoint,theresults

and impacts, Delft is scoring very high. Just a local air quality can be slightly improved, the

safety, greenhouse gasses per inhabitant andmodal split are according to the toolmaximum.The indicator that is not taken into account, goods transport, also scoreswell because of the

emission zone and the innovative solutions for city distribution that are being looked for by

Delft. Thetenmeasuresthatwereworkedoutcancontributetothedeterminedgoalsandare

assessed on these six goals, together with six indicators that are coming from the budgetdescription. These are CO2 reduction, public awareness, attention for Delft innovation,

investmentneeds, investmentattractedfromotherpartiesandtheterminwhichthemeasure

haseffect.

Thefourmeasuresthatarerecommendedarethemobilityhouse,thismeasurescoreespecially

goodonthepublicawarenessandtheattentionforDelftinnovation.Thesecondmeasureisthe

standardisationofopendata,thisisneededtoprovidecompaniesthechangetoadoptthisdata

intheirtools,thismeasurescoresespeciallygoodonmobilitymanagementandtheintegrationofthetransportsystem.Thethirdmeasureisthebudgetforcompaniesforthestimulationofa

sustainablemobilitybusinessplan,thisscoresgoodontheenablersandfieldlabs&innovation.

Thelastmeasureistotenderoutagreencitycentreshuttle,thiswillincreasetheaccessibilityofDelft for tourists and give them an innovative experience. This result is deriving from the

weightsthatissetonthedifferentassessmentpointintheMCAandcanbechangedaccording

thewishesoftheusers.

Thetotalcostforthesemeasuresisestimatedtobe€226.000andthemeasureswillbeinplace

in two years. The remainder of the budget will first be reserved as a spare budget for extra

unforeseenposts.Whenthe€24.000isnotneededitcanbeusedtoaccommodatethemeasures

furtheroritcanbeinvestedinanothersustainablemobilitymeasure.

Thesefourmeasuresarecontributingthebesttothegoals,fitinthetimeandmoneybudgetand

contribute the most to the description for the budget and the sustainable mobility goals,

thereforetheyaremostrecommendedtocarryinthenexttimeperiodupanduntil2019.

RecommendationsTheoutcomeofthisreportshouldbediscussedinternallyinthecityofDelftandbepresentedto

deputymajorL.Harpe.Thefourmeasuresrecommendedneedtobediscussedandadjusted if

needed. In thenextperiod themeasuresneed tobemademore concreteby initiating contactwith possible stakeholders or other cities that already have experience with one of the

measures.Withthisnewinformationanewimplementationplancanbecreatedandwhenthe

implementationplaniscompleteitwillbepresentedforapprovaltothecitycouncilattheendof2016,ifthebudgetisacceptedtheprocessofthefourmeasurescanstart.



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at:http://www.anwb.nl/auto/brandstof/waterstof-groengas-aardgas-alternatieve-brandstoffen

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June2016


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consultedinJune2016,availableat:http://www.rvo.nl/subsidies-regelingen/rijksbijdrage-laadinfrastructuur-voor-elektrische-autos

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Appendix

Appendix1;PublictransportinDelft

Figure1422016);publictransportsytem,Delft(Source:Veoliatransport,

June2016


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