13a13g 13b13h 13c13i 13d13j 13e13k 13f13l Property of Minooka
Community High School
Slide 2
A sentence is a word group that contains a subject and a verb
that expresses a complete thought. EX: The magazines essay contest
for tenth- grade American history students ends Tuesday.
Slide 3
A sentence fragment is a word or word group that is capitalized
and punctuated as a sentence but that does not contain both a
subject and a verb or that does not express a complete thought. EX:
Was chosen as the best one from over two thousand entries. EX: When
the judges announced the winner.
Slide 4
Sentences consist of two basic parts: subjects and predicates.
Subjects tell whom or what the sentence or clause is about.
Predicates tell something about the subject.
Slide 5
SUBJECTSPREDICATES Some residents of the desertcan survive a
long drought. PREDICATESSUBJECTS Particularly noteworthy isthe
Australian frog.
Slide 6
The main word or word group that tells whom or what the
sentence is about is called the simple subject. The complete
subject consists of the simple subject and any words or word groups
that modify the simple subject.
Slide 7
EX: A dog with this pedigree is usually nervous. Complete
subject: A dog with this pedigree Simple subject: dog
Slide 8
EX: Both of these cockatiels are for sale. Complete subject:
Both of these cockatiels Simple subject: Both
Slide 9
The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or word group
that tells something about the subject. The complete predicate
consists of the verb and all the words that modify the verb and
complete its meaning.
Slide 10
EX: Spiders snare their prey in intricate webs. Complete
predicate: snare their prey in intricate webs Simple predicate:
snare
Slide 11
EX: Rosa has been looking for you all morning. Complete
predicate: has been looking for you all morning. Simple predicate:
has been looking
Slide 12
Commonly used helping verbs: AMDIDHASMIGHTWAS AREDOHAVEMUSTWERE
CANDOESISSHALLWILL COULDHADMAYSHOULDWOULD
Slide 13
The subject of a verb is NEVER in a prepositional phrase. A
prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, the object of the
preposition, and any modifiers of that object. EX: for the
teamthrough the years EX: on the top shelfat all times
Slide 14
DO NOT mistake a noun or pronoun in a prepositional phrase for
the subject of the sentence. EX: One of my cousins has visited
Ghana. [Who has visited? One has visited] EX: On top of the
building is an up-to- date observatory. [What is?]
Slide 15
The word here or there may begin a sentence, but it is almost
never the subject. Often there or here is used as an adverb telling
where. EX: There are your gloves. [What are? Gloves are. Gloves is
the subject. There tells where your gloves are.]
Slide 16
Questions usually begin with a verb, a helping verb, or a words
such as what, when, where, how, or why. In most cases, the subject
follows the verb or part of the verb phrase. EX: Where is your
parakeet? EX: Did you make the team?
Slide 17
In a question that begins with a helping verb, the subject
generally comes between the helping verb and the main verb. EX:
Were your friends early? EX: Where did the horse cross the
river?
Slide 18
In a request or command, the subject is usually not stated. EX:
[YOU] Please rake the yard. EX: [YOU] Pick up the fallen branches.
When a request/command includes a name, the name is not the subject
but a noun of direct address. You is still the understood subject.
EX: Jason, [YOU] wash the dishes.
Slide 19
A compound subject consists of 2+ subjects that are joined by a
conjunction and that have the same verb. EX: Mr. Olivero and his
daughter planted the garden. EX: Either Mr. Olivero or his daughter
planted the garden.
Slide 20
A compound verb consists of 2+ verbs that are joined by a
conjunction and that have the same subject. EX: At the street
festival, we danced the rumba and sampled the meat pies. EX: I have
written the letter and addressed the envelope but have not gone to
the post office yet.
Slide 21
A complement is a word or word group that completes the meaning
of the verb. EX: That book is an autobiography. EX: Bob felt
confident. EX: Joey hit a home run.
Slide 22
A subject complement is a word or word group that completes the
meaning of a linking verb and identifies or modifies the subject.
EX: We may be the only ones here. EX: Roscoe seems worried. EX: Did
you know that Lani is a soccer player?
Slide 23
A predicate nominative is a word or word group that is in the
predicate and that identifies the subject or refers to it.
Nominative=noun!! EX: Some caterpillars become butterflies. EX: She
is the next speaker.
Slide 24
A predicate adjective is an adjective that is in the predicate
and that modifies the subject of a sentence or a clause.
ADJECTIVE=DESCRIBES NOUN/PRONOUN!!! EX: You look happy. EX: When
she left, Nora appeared calm.
Slide 25
A direct object is a noun, pronoun, or word group that tells
who/what receives the action of the verb or shows the result of the
action. DIRECT OBJECTS=NEVER IN A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. Cross them
out!!! EX: I took my little sister to the movies. EX: Tom was
driving his car.
Slide 26
An indirect object is a noun, pronoun, or word group that often
appears in sentences containing direct objects. An indirect object
tells to whom/what (or for whom/what) the action of a verb is done.
An I.O. has to have a D.O.CANNOT STAND ALONE!!! EX: Meli read us
her report. EX: They fed the horses some oats. EX: Juan left you a
message.
Slide 27
1.Declarative: makes a statement and ends with a period. EX:
Toni Morrison won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993. 2.
Imperative: gives a command/makes a request. Most end with a
period; strong command ends with exclamation point. EX: Be careful.
EX: Wait!
Slide 28
3. Interrogative: asks a question and ends with a question
mark. EX: Can you speak English? 4. Exclamatory: shows
excitement/expresses strong feeling and ends with an exclamation
point. EX: What a beautiful day this is!