1.3_Edible Palm Oil Milling (Updated)

8/18/2019 1.3_Edible Palm Oil Milling (Updated)

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1.3 EDIBLE PALM OIL MILLING1.3 EDIBLE PALM OIL MILLING

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1


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PALM OIL MILL PROCESSINGPALM OIL MILL PROCESSING

A palm oil mill produces crude palm oil A palm oil mill produces crude palm oil

(CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) as(CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) as

te primar! products and "iomass aste primar! products and "iomass as

secondar! products#secondar! products#

Capacit! o$ mill %aries "et&een ' *Capacit! o$ mill %aries "et&een ' *

tons ++,-#tons ++,-#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 00


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2e t!pical mill a%e man! unit operations2e t!pical mill a%e man! unit operations

&ic o$ sterili3ation4 strippin54 di5estion&ic o$ sterili3ation4 strippin54 di5estion

and pressin54 clari$ication4 puri$ication4and pressin54 clari$ication4 puri$ication4

dr!in5 and stora5e# +or te kernel line4dr!in5 and stora5e# +or te kernel line4

tere are steps suc as nut-$i"re separation4tere are steps suc as nut-$i"re separation4

nut conditionin5 and crackin54 crackednut conditionin5 and crackin54 cracked

mi6ture separation4 and kernel dr!in54mi6ture separation4 and kernel dr!in54stora5e#stora5e#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') //


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CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 77


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2RA.I2IONAL CR8.E PALM OIL PROCESSING2RA.I2IONAL CR8.E PALM OIL PROCESSING

99CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')

http://bagan%20kerja%20pabrik%20pom.ppt/


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''CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')

MO.ERN CR8.E PALM OIL PROCESSINGMO.ERN CR8.E PALM OIL PROCESSING

http://bagan%20kerja%20pabrik%20pom.ppt/


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CR8.E PALM OIL RECO:ER;CR8.E PALM OIL RECO:ER;

Storage TankStorage Tank

Effluent Treatment Plant

Effluent Treatment Plant

Sludge


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Weight bridgeWeight bridge Loading RampLoading Ramp

FFB Truck

*# Reception*# Reception

Grading FFBGrading FFB

Unripe BunchUnripe Bunch

Under ripe bunchUnder ripe bunch

Ripe bunchRipe bunch

Over Ripe BunchOver Ripe Bunch

Empty bunchEmpty bunch

Old CropOld Crop

Long stalk bunchLong stalk bunch:ie& ++, Gradin5 ==CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')

http://ffb%20grading.ppt/http://bagan%20kerja%20pabrik%20pom.ppt/http://bagan%20kerja%20pabrik%20pom.ppt/http://bagan%20kerja%20pabrik%20pom.ppt/http://ffb%20grading.ppt/


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+res $ruit arri%es $rom te $ield as "unces or+res $ruit arri%es $rom te $ield as "unces or

loose $ruit#loose $ruit#

>ei5t te $res $ruit in te truck usin5 &ei5t>ei5t te $res $ruit in te truck usin5 &ei5t

"rid5e#"rid5e#

Gradin5 te ++, to identi$! te ?ualit! o$ "unces#Gradin5 te ++, to identi$! te ?ualit! o$ "unces#

2e ?ualit! standard acie%ed is initiall!2e ?ualit! standard acie%ed is initiall!

dependent on te ?ualit! o$ "unces arri%in5 at tedependent on te ?ualit! o$ "unces arri%in5 at temill#mill#

@@CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')

http://bagan%20kerja%20pabrik%20pom.ppt/http://bagan%20kerja%20pabrik%20pom.ppt/http://bagan%20kerja%20pabrik%20pom.ppt/


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2e mill cannot impro%e upon tis ?ualit! "ut can2e mill cannot impro%e upon tis ?ualit! "ut can

pre%ent or minimi3e $urter deterioration#pre%ent or minimi3e $urter deterioration#

2e $ield $actors tat a$$ect te composition and2e $ield $actors tat a$$ect te composition and

$inal ?ualit! o$ palm oil are 5enetic4 a5e o$ te tree4$inal ?ualit! o$ palm oil are 5enetic4 a5e o$ te tree4a5ronomic4 en%ironmental4 ar%estin5 tecni?ue4a5ronomic4 en%ironmental4 ar%estin5 tecni?ue4

andlin5 and transportandlin5 and transport

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') **


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ReceiveReceive

0# Sterilisation0# Sterilisation

SterilizerSterilizer

****CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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2e purposes o$ sterili3ation are2e purposes o$ sterili3ation are

pre%ents "uildBup o$ $ree $att! acids (++A) in tepre%ents "uildBup o$ $ree $att! acids (++A) in te

oil "! inacti%ates te lipases in te $ruitsoil "! inacti%ates te lipases in te $ruits

loosens te $ruits $rom "unces to $acilitateloosens te $ruits $rom "unces to $acilitate

strippin5strippin5

so$tens te $ruit mesocarp $or di5estion andso$tens te $ruit mesocarp $or di5estion and

release o$ oilrelease o$ oil preconditionin5 o$ nuts to reduce kernelpreconditionin5 o$ nuts to reduce kernel

"reaka5e"reaka5e

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') *0*0


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2e sterilisers consists o$ a lon5 c!lindrical2e sterilisers consists o$ a lon5 c!lindrical

pressure %essel o$ a"out *#=m diameter4 &itpressure %essel o$ a"out *#=m diameter4 &it

rails runnin5 alon5 te len5t o$ te interior#rails runnin5 alon5 te len5t o$ te interior#

2e $ruit is loaded into ca5es2e $ruit is loaded into ca5es

2ese ca5es are pused on te rails into te2ese ca5es are pused on te rails into te

steriliser#steriliser#

Once te steriliser as "een loaded andOnce te steriliser as "een loaded and

closed4 steam is introduced#closed4 steam is introduced#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') */*/


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Pressure is "uilt up to a"out / k5-cmPressure is "uilt up to a"out / k5-cm00 &ic&ic

corresponds to a temperature a"o%e */corresponds to a temperature a"o%e */ooCC

$or *r#$or *r#

>en i5Bpressure steam is used $or>en i5Bpressure steam is used $or

sterili3ation4 te eat causes te moisture insterili3ation4 te eat causes te moisture in

te nuts to e6pand#te nuts to e6pand#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') *7*7


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>en te pressure is reduced te>en te pressure is reduced te

contraction o$ te nut leads to tecontraction o$ te nut leads to te

detacment o$ te kernel $rom te sell &all4detacment o$ te kernel $rom te sell &all4

tus loosenin5 te kernels &itin teirtus loosenin5 te kernels &itin teir

sells#sells#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') *9*9


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/# 2resin5-Strippin5 Station/# 2resin5-Strippin5 Station

ThresherThresher

Mulching at field Mulching at field Empt Bunches *'*'CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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/# 2resin5-Strippin5/# 2resin5-Strippin5

2e purpose o$ strippin5 is to separate te2e purpose o$ strippin5 is to separate te

$ruits $rom te empt! "unc$ruits $rom te empt! "unc

Modern mills used drum stripper Modern mills used drum stripper 2e drum rotates at a"out 00 rpm2e drum rotates at a"out 00 rpm

Sterili3ed ++,s are $ed into a drum stripperSterili3ed ++,s are $ed into a drum stripper

and te drum is rotated4 causin5 te $ruits toand te drum is rotated4 causin5 te $ruits to"e detaced $rom te "unc"e detaced $rom te "unc

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') *


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2e "unc stalks are remo%ed as te! do2e "unc stalks are remo%ed as te! do

not contain an! oil and "ein5 disposed "!not contain an! oil and "ein5 disposed "!

incineration4 5i%in5 as as potas $ertili3er4incineration4 5i%in5 as as potas $ertili3er4

and $uel $or "oilersand $uel $or "oilers

It is important to ensure tat oil loss in teIt is important to ensure tat oil loss in te

"unc stalk is kept to a minimum"unc stalk is kept to a minimum

Prolon5ed sterili3ation &ill increase oil lossProlon5ed sterili3ation &ill increase oil loss

in stalksin stalks

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') *=*=


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Irre5ular $eedin5 o$ te stripper ma! alsoIrre5ular $eedin5 o$ te stripper ma! also

result in increase o$ oil loss in stalks#result in increase o$ oil loss in stalks#

Stalks &ic a%e $ruits still attaced onStalks &ic a%e $ruits still attaced ontem are called ard "unces4 and a%e totem are called ard "unces4 and a%e to

"e rec!cled "ack to sterili3ers $or $urter"e rec!cled "ack to sterili3ers $or $urter

cookin5# ard "unces are detected "!cookin5# ard "unces are detected "!

%isi"le inspection%isi"le inspection

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') *@*@


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Scre! PressScre! Press

7# .i5estion and Pressin57# .i5estion and Pressin5

"igester"igester

#ernel Reco$er Plant#ernel Reco$er Plant

%il Reco$er Plant%il Reco$er Plant

Function:

• to digest the fruit lets•Maximize oil extraction with minimize broken nut•To break press cake before depericarping

Function:

• to digest the fruit lets•Maximize oil extraction with minimize broken nut•To break press cake before depericarping

00CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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2e purpose are2e purpose are

2o di5est te $ruits2o di5est te $ruits

2o ma6imi3e oil e6traction &it minimi3e "roken2o ma6imi3e oil e6traction &it minimi3e "roken

nutnut

2o "reak press cake "e$ore depericarpin52o "reak press cake "e$ore depericarpin5

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 0*0*


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A$ter strippin54 te $ruits are mo%ed into a di5ester A$ter strippin54 te $ruits are mo%ed into a di5ester

&ere4 te $ruits are reeated to loosen te&ere4 te $ruits are reeated to loosen te

pericarp#pericarp#

.i5estion is te process o$ releasin5 te palm oil.i5estion is te process o$ releasin5 te palm oilin te $ruit trou5 te rupture or "reakin5 do&n o$in te $ruit trou5 te rupture or "reakin5 do&n o$

te oilB"earin5 cells#te oilB"earin5 cells#

2e di5ester consists o$ a steamBeated2e di5ester consists o$ a steamBeatedc!lindrical %essel $itted &it a central rotatin5 sa$tc!lindrical %essel $itted &it a central rotatin5 sa$t

carr!in5 a num"er o$ "eater (stirrin5) arms#carr!in5 a num"er o$ "eater (stirrin5) arms#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 0000


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2e $ruits are rotated a"out4 causin5 te2e $ruits are rotated a"out4 causin5 te

loosenin5 o$ te pericarps $rom te nutsloosenin5 o$ te pericarps $rom te nuts

2e di5ester is kept $ull and as te di5ested2e di5ester is kept $ull and as te di5ested$ruit is dra&n out4 $resl! stripped $ruits are$ruit is dra&n out4 $resl! stripped $ruits are

"rou5t in"rou5t in

2e $ruits are passed into a scre& press42e $ruits are passed into a scre& press4&ere te mi6ture o$ oil4 &ater4 press cake&ere te mi6ture o$ oil4 &ater4 press cake

or $i"re and nuts are discar5ed#or $i"re and nuts are discar5ed#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 0/0/


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Contamination $rom iron is 5reatest durin5Contamination $rom iron is 5reatest durin5

di5estion &en te i5est rate o$ metaldi5estion &en te i5est rate o$ metal

&ear is encountered in te millin5 process#&ear is encountered in te millin5 process#

Iron contamination increases te risk o$ oilIron contamination increases te risk o$ oil

o6idation and te onset o$ oil rancidit!#o6idation and te onset o$ oil rancidit!#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 0707


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9# Clari$ication9# Clari$ication

2e crude oil $rom te press consists o$ a mi6ture2e crude oil $rom te press consists o$ a mi6ture

oil4 &ater and oter nonBoil! solidsoil4 &ater and oter nonBoil! solids

Consists o$ 7 sta5esConsists o$ 7 sta5es

Screenin5Screenin5

Clari$!in5Clari$!in5

Oil reco%er!Oil reco%er!

Puri$!in5Puri$!in5

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 0909


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9# Clari$ication (Screenin5)9# Clari$ication (Screenin5)

%il ha$e

been screen

Waste

screen

&ibrating Screen&ibrating Screen

0'0'CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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2e main purpose is to separate crude oil $rom dirt2e main purpose is to separate crude oil $rom dirt

A mi6ture o$ oil4 &ater4 solids $rom te "unc $i"res A mi6ture o$ oil4 &ater4 solids $rom te "unc $i"res

is deli%ered $rom te press to a clari$ication tank#is deli%ered $rom te press to a clari$ication tank#

2e mi6ture containin5 te crude oil is diluted &it2e mi6ture containin5 te crude oil is diluted &it

ot &ater to reduce its %iscosit!ot &ater to reduce its %iscosit!

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 0


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2e dilution (addition o$ &ater) pro%ides a "arrier2e dilution (addition o$ &ater) pro%ides a "arrier

causin5 te ea%! solids to $all to te "ottom o$ tecausin5 te ea%! solids to $all to te "ottom o$ te

container &ile te li5ter oil droplets $lo& trou5container &ile te li5ter oil droplets $lo& trou5

te &ater! mi6ture to te top &en eat is appliedte &ater! mi6ture to te top &en eat is appliedto "reak te emulsion (oil suspended in &ater &itto "reak te emulsion (oil suspended in &ater &it

te aid o$ 5ums and resins)te aid o$ 5ums and resins)

A %i"ratin5 screen elps remo%e some o$ te A %i"ratin5 screen elps remo%e some o$ te

solidssolids

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 0=0=


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9# Clari$ication Station (Clari$!in5)9# Clari$ication Station (Clari$!in5)

'larifier Tank'larifier Tank

(nderflo!

Sludge

'P%

PurifingPurifing

%il Reco$er%il Reco$er0@0@CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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9# Clari$ication (Clari$!in5)9# Clari$ication (Clari$!in5)

2e purpose is to collect oil $rom crude oil usin52e purpose is to collect oil $rom crude oil usin5

continuous settlin5 tank#continuous settlin5 tank#

Separation o$ te oil $rom te rest o$ te li?uor isSeparation o$ te oil $rom te rest o$ te li?uor is

acie%ed "! settin5 tanks "ased on 5ra%it!#acie%ed "! settin5 tanks "ased on 5ra%it!# 2e screened mi6ture is "oiled $rom one or t&o2e screened mi6ture is "oiled $rom one or t&o

ours and ten allo&ed to settle "! 5ra%it! in teours and ten allo&ed to settle "! 5ra%it! in te

lar5e tank so tat te palm oil4 "ein5 li5ter tanlar5e tank so tat te palm oil4 "ein5 li5ter tan&ater4 &ill separate and rise to te top&ater4 &ill separate and rise to te top

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') //


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9# Clari$ication (Oil Reco%er!)9# Clari$ication (Oil Reco%er!)

(nderflo!Sludge

"E')*TER "E')*TER Sludge

Reco$ered %il

'larifier'larifier

Effluent

Treatment

Plant

Effluent

Treatment

Plant

Function:

• To collect oil from sludge

using decanter

Function:

• To collect oil from sludge

using decanter

/*/*CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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9# Clari$ication (Oil Reco%er!)9# Clari$ication (Oil Reco%er!)

2e purpose is to collect oil $rom slud5e2e purpose is to collect oil $rom slud5e

usin5 decanterusin5 decanter

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') /0/0


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9# Clari$ication (Puri$!in5)9# Clari$ication (Puri$!in5)

PurifierPurifier

"irt + ,-,./

'P%

////CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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9# Clari$ication (Puri$!in5)9# Clari$ication (Puri$!in5)

2e purpose is to puri$ied te crude palm oil2e purpose is to puri$ied te crude palm oil

Oil $rom te top is skimmed o$$ and puri$iedOil $rom te top is skimmed o$$ and puri$ied

in te centri$u5e prior to dr!in5in te centri$u5e prior to dr!in5 2e dirt le%el must "e less tan #0D2e dirt le%el must "e less tan #0D

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') /7/7


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'# .r!in5'# .r!in5

0oisture + ,-12/

&acuum "rer&acuum "rer

Effluent Treatment PlantEffluent Treatment Plant

Sludge

/9/9CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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'# .r!in5'# .r!in5

2e purpose is to reduce moisture content2e purpose is to reduce moisture content

o$ crude palm oil usin5 %acuum dr!er o$ crude palm oil usin5 %acuum dr!er

2e oil must "e dried to pre%ent increasin52e oil must "e dried to pre%ent increasin5o$ ++A trou5 autocatal!tic !drol!sis o$o$ ++A trou5 autocatal!tic !drol!sis o$

te oilte oil

2e moisture content must "e less tan2e moisture content must "e less tan

#*=D#*=D

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') /'/'


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PALM KERNEL RECO:ER;PALM KERNEL RECO:ER;

#ernel

"espatch Silo

#ernel

"espatch Silo

6eater

'clones'clones

Shell

7

Fiber

BoilerBoiler TurbineTurbine

7070CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')



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@# Nut Reco%er! (.epericarpin5)@# Nut Reco%er! (.epericarpin5)

Fibre

'clone

Fibre

'clone

*uts

Polishing "rumPolishing "rum

"epericarper"epericarperFibre

7/7/CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')


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2e purpose are2e purpose are

2o separate $i"er $rom nut2o separate $i"er $rom nut

2o clean up nut $rom $i"er 2o clean up nut $rom $i"er

2e residue $rom te press consists o$ a mi6ture2e residue $rom te press consists o$ a mi6ture

o$ $i"re and palm nutso$ $i"re and palm nuts

2e press cake $rom te di5ester is $ed to a2e press cake $rom te di5ester is $ed to a

%ertical column (depericarper) &ere air is%ertical column (depericarper) &ere air iscanneled to li$t te $i"re4 tus separatin5 te $i"recanneled to li$t te $i"re4 tus separatin5 te $i"re

$rom te nuts$rom te nuts

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 7777


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2e nuts are passed to a polisin5 drum at2e nuts are passed to a polisin5 drum at

te "ottom o$ te depericarper4 &erete "ottom o$ te depericarper4 &ere

pieces o$ stalks are remo%ed#pieces o$ stalks are remo%ed#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 7979


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*# Nut Crackin5*# Nut Crackin5

Secondar"epericarperSecondar"epericarper*ut

'racker*ut

'racker

7'7'CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')


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*# Nut Crackin5*# Nut Crackin5

2e purpose is to crack kernel &it2e purpose is to crack kernel &it

minimi3e "roken kernelminimi3e "roken kernel

A nutcracker cracks te nuts a$ter te A nutcracker cracks te nuts a$ter te

conditionin5 and dr!in5 process#conditionin5 and dr!in5 process#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 7


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**# Kernel Separation (>inno&er)**# Kernel Separation (>inno&er)

Winno!er

'clone

Winno!er

'clone Function:• Separately shell from

kernel with pneumatic

system

Function:

• Separately shell from

kernel with pneumatic

system

Winno!erWinno!er

#ernel

7Shell

Nut

Shell

7=7=CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')


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**# Kernel Separation**# Kernel Separation

(>inno&er)(>inno&er) 2e purpose to separate sell $rom kernel2e purpose to separate sell $rom kernel

&it pneumatic s!stem&it pneumatic s!stem

2e mi6ture o$ cracked nuts and sells are2e mi6ture o$ cracked nuts and sells are

separated %ia a &inno&in5 s!stemseparated %ia a &inno&in5 s!stem

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 7@7@


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*0# Kernel Separation (!dro Cla! ,at)*0# Kernel Separation (!dro Cla! ,at)

6dro 'la bath6dro 'la bath

Shell

'clone

Shell

'clone

#ernel6eating6eating

Shell

99CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')


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*0# Kernel Separation (!dro*0# Kernel Separation (!dro

Cla! ,at)Cla! ,at) 2e purpose is to separate sell and kernel2e purpose is to separate sell and kernel

usin5 !dro cla! "atusin5 !dro cla! "at

2e mi6ture o$ cracked nuts and sells are2e mi6ture o$ cracked nuts and sells are

ten separated "! a !droc!clone or a cla!ten separated "! a !droc!clone or a cla!

"at#"at#

A !droc!clone uses centri$u5al $orce to A !droc!clone uses centri$u5al $orce to

separate te kernel $rom te sell usin5separate te kernel $rom te sell usin5

&ater#&ater#

CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*') 9*9*


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*0# Kernel Separation (!dro*0# Kernel Separation (!dro

Cla! ,at)Cla! ,at) 2e cla! "at principle &orks on te speci$ic2e cla! "at principle &orks on te speci$ic

5ra%it! o$ kernel o$ *#< and te sell o$5ra%it! o$ kernel o$ *#< and te sell o$

*#*


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*/# Kernel Stora5e*/# Kernel Stora5e

#ernel

"espatch Silo

#ernel

"espatch Silo

)dmi8ture+ 9/

0oisture + :/

FF) + ;/

6eater

'clones

'clones

Shell

7

Fiber

BoilerBoiler TurbineTurbine

•Function•To dry and Keeping The

kernel

•Function•To dry and Keeping The

kernel

9/9/CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')CP. /0/ (1AN 0*')


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*/# Kernel Stora5e*/# Kernel Stora5e

2e kernels are ten dried in ot air silos to2e kernels are ten dried in ot air silos to

moisture content o$ less tan

Documents

1.3_Edible Palm Oil Milling (Updated)