Prof. FUJITA, Tsuyoshi fujita77@nies.go.jpDirector of

Socio-environmental Systems Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan

Alliance Professor of Nagoya UniversityWith Dr. FUJII Minoru

Prof. FUJITA, Tsuyoshi fujita77@nies.go.jpDirector of

Socio-environmental Systems Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan

Alliance Professor of Nagoya UniversityWith Dr. FUJII Minoru

13th Asia-Pacific Eco-Business Forum in Kawasaki Feb. 16th 2017

Future Eco City Session: Eco-city Challenge toward De-carbonization Society-Through Collaboration among Industries, Public and Academia-

“Transitional Demonstration from Eco-City Kawasaki”-Innovative Challenges forUrban Industrial Symbiosis-

“Transitional Demonstration from Eco-City Kawasaki”-Innovative Challenges forUrban Industrial Symbiosis-

Integrated Assessment Model for the Global Socio economic LossAIM Applied Equilibrium Model

Global Scenario• Population• GDP

AIM Economic Model

Economic impacts• GDP loss• Consumption loss• Energy cost

Grid Info.• temperature• population

Global GDP Loss

Air conditioning days

Climate condition represents 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5℃increase of global average temperture from 18th Century

Hasegawa et al. (2016)

2

3

Theory and Practices for Industrial Symbiosis

1970

1980

1990

1995

2000

2010

2015

End-of PipeTechnology

Practices

LCA Research

SustainableDevelopment

1977 Cloud.”IndustrialEcosystem”

1989 Frosh, R. A.“Industrial Ecosystem”

1993 Ayres, R. “Industrial Metabolism”1994 ・Allemby, Graedel “Industrial Ecology”

1994 UNU Pauli, Gunter. “Zero-emission”

Concept

1972 Denmark Kalundborg

1995 US PCSD Eco-Industrial Park

1997 Japan Eco Town Projects

Industrial Ecology

2009 China Circular Economy Law

2005 Korea National Cleaner Production Centers

2015 G7 Summit in Germany, Alliance on Resource Efficiency、Industrial Symbiosis WS

4

Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Industries to empower cities by circularization

(Kawasaki and Kitakyushu are pioneers in 1997→26 cities)

Target and Accomplishment of Japanese Eco-towns Material Flow of Traditional

Industrial ParksSymbiotic Material Flow in Eco-towns or Eco-Industrial Parks

Conventional material flow: No-circulationVirgin materials: largely depends on importWastes: Disposal based on provisions of the Waste Disposal and Public Cleaning LawRecycle materials: Not usedLocal material circulation: no use of recycle materials

Circular material flow of Eco-townsVirgin materials: part of virgin materials are substituted by recycle materialsWastes: Disposal based on provisions of the Waste Disposal and Public Cleaning LawRecycle materials: Use of recycle materials mainly provided from outside the cityLocal material circulation: to some extent 5

Edited by Prof. Fujita, T.，Published by METI,2006

Forming the basis of capacity that totally 2.18 mil t of wastes were treated

Distribution of Japanese Eco-towns

6

METI & MOE approved Eco-Town Plans for 26 areas as of the end of January 2006, and they provided financial support to 62 facilities

located within the appropriate areas.

Eco-town area as demonstration project for Sound material cycle society

Distribution of Total Investment Subsidy projects in 24 Eco-Towns 600mil. US$

Distribution of Total Investment60 projects in 24 Eco-Towns 1.6 bil. US$

R.V. Berkel, T. Fujita, J. ofEnv. Management, Vol.90,pp.1544-1556, 2009

Evaluation of Circular Facilities in 26 Eco-towns

7

CRs procured from within the same Eco Town Plan regions

(830) 64%

CRs procured from outside the Eco Town Plan region but within the prefecture

CRs procured from outside the prefecture

Procurement areas unknown

CRs procured(1,300) 100%

CRs utilized(1,200) 92%

Recycling residue disposed of

(470) 36%

Supply areas unknown

(Unit: 1,000 tons)

CRs used as energy, or reduced in volume

Resources circulated within the Eco Town Plan regions

(580) 45%

Resources circulated outside the Eco Town Plan regions but within the prefecture

FPs/RMsproduced(780) 60%

Outside the Eco Town Plan regionsbut within the prefecture

Outside the prefecture

Eco Town Plan regions

Recycling residue disposed of (60) 5%

Resources circulated outside the prefecture

(70) 5%

(130) 10%

(310) 24%(40) 3%

(70) 5%

(110)9%

(6) 0%

S. Ohnishi, T. Fujita, J. of Cleaner Production, Vol.33(1), pp.217-225, 2012

Reduction of Natural Resources; 900,000.ton /yrCO2 Emission Reduction 480,000 t-CO2/yr

Circular use ratio of by-product 92% Intra-eco-town circulation ratio 61%

Assembly Consumption

Landfill

Waste

ResourceExcavation Processing

End- of Pipe Treatment

Technologies

Implementation of EIP system into the society

HardEnviron. Technologies

Green PurchaseGreen

Procurement

Cleaner Production

Waste Regulation1997-2004

Reuse Recycle Regulation/

Subsidy1995-2005

Recycle Technologies

SoftSocial Technologies

Substitutive Processing

Eco-town Promotion Law 1997-2006

8

Three Keys for Sustainable Eco-Industrial Conversion from Experiences

in Japan• Innovative Societal (regulation / subsidization)

System Transition

• Double Circularity for Material and Energy network

• Smart Green supply chain management through ICT

9

MaterialTranspor

tation WasteMining Process

Electricity

Establishment of social system and business model along supply chain from mining to waste for low carbon and sound material cycle society

Consumption

Social system to sustain the circularization in Eco-towns

Cleaner production

Design for Env.Green purchasing

Co-processing, Heat/energy recovery

resource circularization in the region

Green/regional consumption

Regional credit

Green supply chain management in integrated urban and regional area

Red stand for social system

Logistic for circularization/Monitoring system

10

11

2010• Research committee to identify the effects of 26 national eco towns and their

projects- Evaluation procedure for low carbon and environmental emission reduction effects- Extensive key technologies or policies for green supply chain management and regional

resource circularization

Eco-town Innovation Projects【2011, 2012, 2013】

Validation of innovative circularization projects

Extension for national projects

Business scheme design

Solution and Improvement

Green Innovation

Hokkaido (2012）

Akita(2012）

Kawasaki（2011）

Osaka（2011）

Kitakyushu（2011）

Model Eco-towns

Eco-town Innovation Projects by Ministry of Environment, 2011-2013

2011- Eco town innovation projects Proposals for Model

Eco-towns

2222.222.422.622.8

2323.223.4

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Tota

l cos

ts (b

illio

n JP

Y/y

r)

Numbers of hosting cities

Without capacity constraintWith capacity constraint

Optimal scales of circularization is also discussed and we made quantitative analysis based on the spatial information of the distribution of solid waste in Tokyo Metropolitan Region with 30 million population. The results are incorporated into the national planning guideline for circularization region.

12

transportation costs30%

operation costs27%

construction cost4%

cost of incineration

39%

National Guideline for the Circular Region Planning Modeling results: Cost and scale

X. Chen, T. Fujita, et.al,J. of Industrial Ecology, Vol.

16(1), pp.129–141, 2012 12

Ecological consulting company*

Recycle goodsretail & sale*

Ecological equipmentmanufacturing

Sustainable technologyresearch company*

EIP Center; Demonstrationbuilding*

･Environmental data bank･Collaborative marketing purchase･Waste collection and recycling-Eco-material, Recycled Material-Design for environment

Green Institute(Minneapolis)

Cape Charles SustainableTechnology Park(Virginia)

Variation of Eco-Industrial Parks(EIP) Strategies in Eco-townsVariation of Eco-Industrial Parks(EIP) Strategies in Eco-townsURBAN REDEVELOPMENT TYPE EIP

Environment conscious

commuting systemLRT, Pedestrian

Path Environmentalcommunication*

Environmentaleducation*

PRODUCT REMANUFACTURING TYPE EIP

Farm

Cement factory

Petro chemicalfactory

Chemical factory

Industrial symbiosis type

Kawasaki, Minamata

Fly ash

Heat

Oil

Heat

Heat

Fertilizer

Power plant*

Plasticrecycle center*

Organic waste Methane

fermentationComposting

Building materialrecycle center*

Collaboration reverse logistics

District heat supply

BrownfieldNeighborhood

Urban Area

Rural Area

Industrial complex

Water Front

Heat

INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS TYPE EIP

Clean Energy Supply SystemEnergy Storage System*

Environmental InformationBusiness Support

CCR

Residential Districts

CITY-FARM COLLABORATION TYPE EIP

Fuel Cell Methane Fermentation

Compost

Akita, Osaka

Hokkaido

Kitakyushu

Chen and Fujita et. al., Euro. J. of Operation Research,

2013

13

Industrial symbiosis in KalundborgBio/life science Power generation & material industry Treatment or

recycling facility City

14

170

9,900

12,800

30,300

22,700

川崎港

川崎市

幸区

川崎区

鶴見区

JR鶴見線

JR南武線

JR東海道線

浮島IC

川崎浮島JCT

首都高速湾岸線

首都高速横羽線

東

132

409

15

357

1

357

357

020,00040,00060,00080,000

100,000120,000140,000160,000

エネルギー消費量

（原油換算/TJ）排熱発生量

（原油換算/TJ）

Steel work

Wasteheat

Waste heat networking among industries with proximity to power generation

エネルギー供給源～1.5km

エネルギー供給源～3km

IncinerationChemical

Wasteheat

Paper

LNGPower

generation

BiomassPower

generation

Wasteheat

Kawasaki Synergy Network（Future scenario）

LNGPower

generation

Wasteheat

Wasteheat

TJ

Energy demand

Waste heat potential

Refinery

Chemical

Power generation

15

16

Smart Symbiosis Initiatives for Eco town Innovation

methaneincineration

Smart Recycle Center

発電・熱量

Energy demand information

High value

substitutive

Operation information

Energy and consumption demand control system

for urban sectors

Demand

Urban and Regional symbiosis

Urban Waste

Waste and material

Energy

Smart industrial complex

Local symbiosis

Smart community

Local energy supply and demand

Smart ICT network will promote and complement the synergetic network functions among stakeholders

Information support for optimizing local and regional material and energy

circularization

Power plant

Steel

Cement

Chemical

Weather information

Prediction of power

generation

By-product information

Energy demand response

Renewableenergy

Local Data Collection Center

Smart industrial complex supported by synergetic

information network among industries

17

PretreatmentAssembling/ Processing FinishingRaw

materialProduct

ChillerBoiler

Sensor

CoolingHeat

FM

Fuel

2. Monitoring of facilities / factories

The points expecting large energy saving are selected based on site survey

Sensor

Sensor

3. Data analysis and solution designFactory scale solution

EIP scale solution

FactoryC

Cloud server

Electricity

Stakeholders meeting#Monitoring device is used for verification after implementation

Sensor

Sensor

Factory A

制御ソフト

Factory BEIP

Urban Area

Region scale

Industrial Collective Monitoring System Overview Image1. Selecting

monitoring points

Overseas local governments

Japanese firms, research

consortiums

Overseas firms, research

consortiums

Overseas governmental organizations

Eco-town governments

Japanese governmental organizations

Recycle Industries

circulatory firms

Research institutionsRecycle

Industries

Recycle Industries

Research institutions

Collaboration based on inter-city agreements, etc. on policy

information, social system information, human resources

Menu for industry/government/ private sector collaborative

support framework and support including international

organizations

International public-private sector projects

consortiums

promotion of model projects

Promoting Projects between Japan and Overseas through “Eco-town” Collaboration

18

NIES

19

GreenInnovation

Centers

MOEJ

IGESAIT

UnivInsti.

business

National Centers for

GreenInnovation

UnivInsti.

business

U.ofTokyo

Large business

Small and M business

IntegrativeMonitoring

Project Design

Leap Frogging Policy Support/ Project DesignGreen Growth Finance SystemAction oriented Capacity Building

Future Modelling

VerificationCertification

• X. Chen, T. Fujita, et.al.；The Impact of Scale, Recycling Boundary and Type of Waste on Urban Symbiosis: An Empirical Study of Japanese Eco-Towns, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2012

• Satoshi Ohnishi, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Xudong Chen, Minoru Fujii；Econometric Analysis of the Performance of Recycling Projects in Japanese Eco-Towns, Journal of Cleaner Production, (modified), 2011

• 藤田壮；グリーン・イノベーションを推進する環境都市システム，環境情報科学，Vol.40(3), pp.46-51, 2011• 藤田壮；地域循環圏とその拠点形成の展開に向けて，The Circular Regions and its Deployment of Base Formation，季刊「環境研究」，公益財団法人日立環境財団，pp.12-18，2011

• T. Fujita, et.al.；3-2 Regional Management of Waste Circulation and Eco-Industrial Networks，Establishing a Resource-Circulating Society in Asia: Challenges and Opportunities, pp.1-24, UNU Press, 2011

• 大西，陳，藤；エコタウン事業の地域循環特性に関する実証研究，環境ｼｽﾃﾑ研究論文集，Vol.38, pp.429-437, 2010• Y. Geng, T. Fujita ,X. Chen; Evaluation of Innovative Municipal Solid Waste Management through Urban

Symbiosis: A Case Study of Kawasaki, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.18, pp.993-1000,2010• S. Hashimoto, T. Fujita et. al.；Realizing CO2 Emission Reduction through Industrial Symbiosis: A Cement

Production Case Study for Kawasaki, Journal of Conservation and Recycling, Vol.54(10), pp.704-710, 2010• R. V. Berkel, T. Fujita, Shizuka Hashimoto, Yong Geng；Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan : Analysis of the

Eco-Town Program 1997-2006，Journal of Environmental Management, Vol.90,pp.1544-1556, 2009• R.V. Berkel, T. Fujita, et.al.；Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Japan,

Environmental Science & Technology , Vol.43, No.5, pp.1271-1281, 2009• Looi-Fang Wong, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Kaiqin Xu； Evaluation of Regional Bio-Energy Recovery by Local Methane

Fermentation Thermal Recycling Systems, Journal of Waste Management,Vol.28, pp.2259-2270, 2008• 藤田 監修，「エコタウン・環境産業進行形」環境調和型まちづくり事例集，経済産業省，2007• l藤田・長澤，大西他；川崎エコタウンでの都市・産業共生評価，環境システム研究論文集，Vol.35, pp89-100, 2007• 藤田他共著，環境科学，6章「循環型社会」， pp.162-173，専門基礎ライブラリー，実教出版，2006• 大西，藤田他；循環型産業システムの計画とその環境改善効果の算定‐川崎エコタウンにおける循環セメント事業のケーススタディ‐環境システム研究論文集，Vol.33，pp.367-376, 11,2005

• 藤田，盛岡通他；循環型の産業集積開発事業の計画と評価，環境システム研究論文集，Vol.28,pp.285-293,2000

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