13th Greening of Industry Network Conference, June 15-17, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Leo Baas, Erasmus University Rotterdam Industrial Ecology as Regional

13th Greening of Industry Network 13th Greening of Industry Network Conference, Conference,

June 15-17, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaJune 15-17, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Leo Baas, Leo Baas, Erasmus University RotterdamErasmus University Rotterdam

Industrial Ecology as Regional Industrial Ecology as Regional Corporate Sustainability Corporate Sustainability

SystemSystem

Activities and product groups that Activities and product groups that cause 70 to 80% of the total cause 70 to 80% of the total environmental impacts in societyenvironmental impacts in society

• Mobility: automobile and air transport Mobility: automobile and air transport • Food: meat and dairy, followed by Food: meat and dairy, followed by

other types of food other types of food • The home, and related energy use: The home, and related energy use:

buildings, and heating-, cooling-, and buildings, and heating-, cooling-, and other energy using appliancesother energy using appliances

JIE JIE 10:3

Global trends in environment related Global trends in environment related issues within multi-national issues within multi-national corporationscorporations

• Cleaner Production (ecology, Cleaner Production (ecology, economy)economy)

• Industrial Ecology (ecology, Industrial Ecology (ecology, economy)economy)

• Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (ecology, economy, social aspects)(ecology, economy, social aspects)

Idea Diffusion Outcome

CleanerProduction

IndustrialEcology

Market

Companies

Government

Experts

Citizens

SustainableManagement

InternalisedConcepts

New Routines

Existing Routines

New Practices

Transition

CONCEPT INNOVATION

CULTURE STRUCTURE / PROCESS

Transition processes: from Idea to New Transition processes: from Idea to New RoutinesRoutines

LevelLevel ConceptConcept StructureStructure ProcessProcess

MacroMacro SustainabilitySustainability

MarketMarketPowerPowerStakeholderStakeholder

RationalityRationalityPolicy strategyPolicy strategyDisseminationDissemination

MesoMeso Industrial EcologyIndustrial Ecology

ManagementManagementStakeholderStakeholderPerceptionPerception

MimickingMimickingDisseminationDisseminationLearningLearning

MicroMicro Cleaner productionCleaner production

PerceptionPerceptionInformationInformationDecision-makingDecision-making

TranslationTranslationLearningLearning

Concepts on Different LevelsConcepts on Different Levels

Rotterdam Industrial Rotterdam Industrial Symbiosis Symbiosis

• INES Project INES Project 1994-19971994-1997((ININdustrial dustrial EEcocoSSystem)ystem)

• INES Mainport ProjectINES Mainport Project 1999-20021999-2002

• R3: Sustainable EnterprisesR3: Sustainable Enterprises 2003-2003-20102010

Rotterdam Industrial Rotterdam Industrial SymbiosisSymbiosis

Aim of Industrial Symbiosis Activities in Aim of Industrial Symbiosis Activities in the Rotterdam Harbor and Industry the Rotterdam Harbor and Industry ComplexComplex

The decoupling of economic growth The decoupling of economic growth and environmental pollution, the and environmental pollution, the closing of loops between companies, closing of loops between companies, the optimizing of energy streams, the the optimizing of energy streams, the joint use of facilities, and co-sitingjoint use of facilities, and co-siting

Rotterdam Industrial SymbiosisRotterdam Industrial Symbiosis

Joint facilitation of Staff Organisation for theJoint facilitation of Staff Organisation for theStrategy Platform R3 – Sustainable Enterprises in Strategy Platform R3 – Sustainable Enterprises in the Rotterdam Harbour and Industry Complex - the Rotterdam Harbour and Industry Complex -

as as Strong Network of Stakeholders from:Strong Network of Stakeholders from:

• IndustryIndustry• National and Local GovernmentNational and Local Government• AcademiaAcademia• Special Task groupsSpecial Task groups• Environmental Advocacy OrganisationEnvironmental Advocacy Organisation

Co-siting at the Huntsman siteCo-siting at the Huntsman site


Waste heat Waste heat (from Shell, later others):(from Shell, later others): •• District heating:District heating:

agreement in December 2004:agreement in December 2004:Construction infra-structure in Construction infra-structure in 2005/20062005/20063000 houses in 20073000 houses in 2007500,000 houses in 2020500,000 houses in 2020

•• Heat and Heat and COCO22::From Shell refinery to 400 From Shell refinery to 400 GreenhousesGreenhouses from July 2005 from July 2005

R3 Rest Heat R3 Rest Heat InfrastructureInfrastructure

EmbeddednessEmbeddedness

• Human activities are embedded: Human activities are embedded:

they are shaped by the context in they are shaped by the context in which they occur which they occur

• Five dimensions of embeddedness:Five dimensions of embeddedness:

Cognitive, Cultural, Structural, Cognitive, Cultural, Structural, Political, Spatial & Temporal Political, Spatial & Temporal

Cognitive embeddednessCognitive embeddedness

• The way in which individuals and The way in which individuals and organisations collect and use organisations collect and use information information

• The cognitive maps they employ in The cognitive maps they employ in making sense of their environment making sense of their environment

• The mental disposition of individualsThe mental disposition of individuals

Cognitive embeddedness IICognitive embeddedness II• Bounded rationalityBounded rationality::

Assumption of a rational actor modelAssumption of a rational actor model, , however, however, individuals and organisations individuals and organisations have limited capacities for information have limited capacities for information processing and decision-makingprocessing and decision-making

• Systems thinkingSystems thinking::

Individuals have different strategies for Individuals have different strategies for problem solvingproblem solving

• Characteristics ofCharacteristics of change agentschange agents::

Relation to Relation to social change processessocial change processes

Spatial and temporal Spatial and temporal embeddednessembeddedness

•The way in which geographical The way in which geographical proximity (learning, building proximity (learning, building trust) and time (evolution of trust) and time (evolution of industrial systems) influence industrial systems) influence economic actioneconomic action

Phases to sustainable Phases to sustainable developmentdevelopment

Virtually none

Techno-centered

Eco-centered

Inequality

Equality

Transformation

Reform

Status quoIE

CP

Sustainabilit

y

Cluster CapabilitiesCluster Capabilities

•Technical capability:The ability to mobilise and apply knowledge related to diminishing the ecological impact of existing production and consumption processes, and the development of more sustainable products and services

•Value capability:The ability to integrate the concerns around the sustainability values of industrial activities


•Boundary capability: The ability to look at activities in terms of the selection of an optimal system boundary by actors when they develop Sustainability goals and form clusters

•Actualisation capability:Given the selection of a system boundary, actors need to be able to mobilise the players that are part of the present or envisioned future system


• Trust capability: This capability refers to the ability to build up, and be part of inter-organisational relationships based on trust

• Regulatory capability: This capability refers to the ability of organisations to shape regulations in such a way that they contribute to the cluster’s goals

• Unlearning capability: Learning processes within clusters include unlearning processes: the questioning and shedding of institutionalised routines that provide a barrier to collaborative approaches to sustainable development

Three levels of analysisThree levels of analysis • At the At the organisationalorganisational level, it focuses on how the level, it focuses on how the

organising principles of the firm shape the social organising principles of the firm shape the social structure of co-ordination, and the behavioural structure of co-ordination, and the behavioural routines and work roles of the organisational members routines and work roles of the organisational members within which the knowledge of the firm is embeddedwithin which the knowledge of the firm is embedded

• At the At the regionalregional level, it focuses on how the actors from level, it focuses on how the actors from governments, industry and stakeholders are governments, industry and stakeholders are embedded in institutionalised routines embedded in institutionalised routines

• At the At the societalsocietal level, it draws attention to the way level, it draws attention to the way societal institutions shape organisational routines and societal institutions shape organisational routines and co-ordination rules.co-ordination rules.

Reflective learning from projects Reflective learning from projects to system innovationsto system innovations

Mission

Projects System innovations* Space * Water * Mobility* Energy * Air * By-products

Sustainability Transition

Vision

Learning processes

Reflection

Strategic platform

Influencing forms of sustainability in:* Society* Individual organisations* Networks of organisations

Uncertainty Time

Trust


`To C or not to C’ Sustainability Routes:

• Fuels & Resources: bio mass, syngaz, wind, H2

• Infrastructure: rest heat use, warmth infra- structure, clean fossil (CO2 removal)

• Industrial ecology: co-siting, continuous design, stimulation and application of innovative and efficient production processes

Maasvlakte2 on Industrial Ecology Maasvlakte2 on Industrial Ecology basisbasis• Industrial Ecology as attractor for Industrial Ecology as attractor for

industryindustry• Industrial cluster of Maasvlakte2Industrial cluster of Maasvlakte2

Rotterdam Industrial Rotterdam Industrial SymbiosisSymbiosis•Spontaneous developments:Spontaneous developments:Heat delivery from a chemical Heat delivery from a chemical

company to a truck cleaning company to a truck cleaning companycompany

Happy Shrimp farmHappy Shrimp farmOutsourcing utilities in a new Outsourcing utilities in a new

plantplant

Happy Shrimp farmHappy Shrimp farmTwo young Professionals at the Rotterdam Two young Professionals at the Rotterdam

Port Authority:Port Authority:• Sensitive for concept in 2003Sensitive for concept in 2003• Feasibility study in 2004Feasibility study in 2004• Business plan in 2005Business plan in 2005• Decision-making process IS and location: Decision-making process IS and location:

2005-062005-06• Opening plant at 2 September 2006Opening plant at 2 September 2006• Start breeding process in March 2007Start breeding process in March 2007• First batch fresh king-size shrimps in First batch fresh king-size shrimps in

September 2007September 2007

Green & BlueGreen & Blue

Taste of Nature, Koppert Cress, Bass & Gill, Happy Shrimp FarmTaste of Nature, Koppert Cress, Bass & Gill, Happy Shrimp Farm

Sustainable farming of sea vegetables

Green and BlueGreen and Blue

CO2 & NOx

Sunlight

Airlift system

O2

Biofuel

Farm-water mediaWater & heat

Waste heat

System conceptSystem concept


The clock for social change needs timeThe clock for social change needs time

• Acknowledgement: Evaluation INES projects: Evaluation INES projects• VisionVision:: Transition to Sustainable industrial Transition to Sustainable industrial

districtdistrict• TrustTrust:: Goodwill and Competence built up on Goodwill and Competence built up on

dialogues in Strategy platformdialogues in Strategy platform• Long term programmeLong term programme: :

ROM Rijnmond programme 1993 – ROM Rijnmond programme 1993 – 2010: 2010: transition on the basis of transition on the basis of reflexive reflexive evaluation of evaluation of sustainability projects in sustainability projects in practicepractice

It Takes a System to Change a It Takes a System to Change a SystemSystem• A comprehensive organisational support and A comprehensive organisational support and

involvement, including stakeholders’ involvement, including stakeholders’ participation participation

• Multi-loop learning processes Multi-loop learning processes • Vertical and horizontal integrationVertical and horizontal integration• The implementation of industrial ecology The implementation of industrial ecology

should be integrated within the economy, should be integrated within the economy, ecology, technology, culture, and sustainability ecology, technology, culture, and sustainability plans of the regionplans of the region

• Trust, transparency and confidence must be Trust, transparency and confidence must be developed through an open, reflective and on-developed through an open, reflective and on-going dialogue designed to ensure involvement going dialogue designed to ensure involvement of stakeholders in charting the future of their of stakeholders in charting the future of their organisations and regions as part of the organisations and regions as part of the transition to sustainable societiestransition to sustainable societies

Do not miss the point!

Nothing is more practical

than a good theory !

Documents

13th Greening of Industry Network Conference, June 15-17, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Leo Baas, Erasmus University Rotterdam Industrial Ecology as Regional