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JAPANESE OCCUPATION

THE RISE OF JAPAN In the period up to 1941, Japan emerged

as a major power strong enough to challenge the United States.

the growth of Japanese power was demonstrated in the Russia-Japanese War of 1904 – 1905.

THE RISE OF JAPAN during World War One, Japan’s power was

further increased.

Although Japan developed rapidly as an industrialized nation, its people faced many problems.

THE RISE OF JAPAN Population was growing – rice production

could not keep up with this increase. No raw material – valuable commodities

such as oil, rubber and iron had to be imported.

World went to into economic recession after 1929.

THE RISE OF JAPAN The answer to Japan’s problems was

provided by the army.

if more land, more raw materials and alternative markets were needed, then they should be taken by force. Therefore, in 1931, Japan went to war.

JAPAN’S PLAN FOR A “NEW ORDER”

In 1938, Japan devised a plan for establishing a “New Order” in Asia (Greater Asia Co. – Prosperity Plan).

this involve setting up an organizationunder Japan’s leadership to provideeconomic growth and politicalindependence.

JAPAN’S PLAN FOR A “NEW ORDER”

• in reality, it meant Japan gaining control of Asia and exploiting Asia raw material for its own use.

The Japanese Occupation The Japanese occupation was an important

event in the history of Malaya.

Although the occupation was short, they had a great impact on the country.

The Japanese Occupation The conquest of the whole Malaya was fast and

effective. The whole Malaya and Singapore were

defeated in only 70 days.

Reasons for Japanese Invasion of Malays

The Japanese propagated “Asian Economic Co-Prosperity Sphere” and “Asia for the Asians” to gain support from Asian people.

The Japanese promised to declare independence in certain South East Asian countries.

Reasons for Japanese Invasion of Malays

To get raw materials (tin)

To get new places to accommodate Japan’s increasing population

To drive out the Europeans

The Japanese Victory They conquered Malaya quite easily although the

British military was equipped better firearms and were greater in number than the Japanese.

The Japanese Victory The British were not prepared for the war.

They did not anticipate that the Japanese would attack from land/north.

Japanese troops advancing in Malaya, 14 January 1943

Factors for the Japanese Victory

The Japanese had a comprehensive plan – network of spies in Malaya.

Japanese soldiers were in excellent form due to intensive training.

Factors for the Japanese Victory.. Led by capable and experienced leaders –

Yamashita and Tsuji.

Enthusiastic and inspired to fight for the importance and supremacy of Japan.

YAMASHITA'S GOLD?

Winning factors.. The Japanese had practical war tactics

e.g. using bicycle even in jungles and villages.

Winning factors.. The British soldiers lacked the spirit of war

especially after the first round of attacks.

British soldiers – young and inexperienced

Japanese administration

Japanese administration

Malaya changed to New Malai, ruled Malaya and Sumatra as a single unit

Singapore changed to Syonan, separate administration from Malaya

Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu ceded to Siam for allowing Japanese to invade Malaya through Thai territory

Japanese administration Military government

Head of Malay states: Japanese Governor

Sultans’ position was maintained but under Japanese influence

Japanese administration Implemented a policy of Japanization using the

education system, mass media and the economic system

Promises of “Asia for Asians” and “Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere” remained slogans

The effects of the Japanese occupation

The effects of the Japanese occupation The effects were social, economic and political.

From the social aspect, it worsened the relationship among the races.

The effects of the Japanese occupation The Japanese were against the Chinese and on the

side of the Malays.

This made the Chinese seek refuge at the edge of the jungles.

The misunderstanding continued even after the Japanese had surrendered.

Economic effect

Malaya was in complete confusion.

Economic infrastructure was destroyed and economic activities were disrupted.

Worsened the lives of people.

Shortage of food  Life under the Japanese

administration was terribly difficult one.  

There was shortage of water, electricity, gas, food and other basic essentials. 

Rubber trees were cut down to grow subsistence crops for the Japanese (mainly tapioca, millet and maize.)  

Inflation escalated. The Japanese printed as much money as they

liked.   These dollar notes were known as the banana and

coconut notes.    Due to over-printing, the value of these notes were

very small.   in many cases, trade was reduced to barter.

Currency..

Political aspect The Japanese administration was a period of

misery. This bad experience raised their political

awareness. The Malays were attracted to the slogan “Asia for

Asians” which stirred them to build their own government.

Political aspect Malays were employed to run the administration.

This gave them experience and self-confidence, and made them prepared to stand against British rule after the war.

Political aspect Malays were also employed in the military and

police force to hunt down anti-Japanese insurgents who were mainly Chinese.

This therefore led to a worsening of the Sino-Malay relationship.

Political aspect Furthermore the Japanese authorities tried to get

the collaboration of the Malay nationalist leaders.

Before the war, the Malay left-wing party, the Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM) had been banned by the British and its leaders, Ibrahim Yaacob and Ishak bin Haji Mohammad were arrested.

Political aspect These were released when the Japanese arrived. 

Political aspect… The Chinese established the MPAJA to fight the

Japanese.

The Chinese strengthened the Communist Party of Malaya (MCP).

The Japanese used the police force (mainly Malays) to fight against the MPAJA ( consisting mainly Chinese) thus caused racial friction.

Hence the Chinese suffered most under the Japanese rule.

They were arrested and executed at the slightest excuse.

Political aspect… When the Japanese surrendered after WWII,

the MPAJA took advantage to terrorize and take revenge on the Malays.

The bloody conflict between the Chinese and the Malays lasted two weeks until the British established the British Military Administration.

Political aspect… This experience had left lasting negative

racial sentiment between the two communities.

Social Conditions The inadequate food

supply led to poor health among the people.   Many died from diseases such as beri-beri, tuberculosis and malaria.  

Medicine and medicinal equipment were seized and sent to Japan while preventive measures against diseases were not carried out.

Education & Japanese Indoctrination Japanese became the official language and the

medium of instruction in schools.  

Japanese songs were taught to the teachers who were then required to transmit these to the students.

Education & Japanese Indoctrination

All had to sing "Kamigayo" every morning while raising the Japanese flag.  

Japanese instructors were employed to teach respect for the Japanese Emperor and contempt for the British. 

Education & Japanese Indoctrination

Only Japanese and other Asian films were allowed in cinema.  

English films were forbidden.

They also took over control of newspapers and radio station, and broadcasts consisted mainly of Japanese propaganda and cultural programme.

War experience…. “Till this day, I do not understand why the

Japanese had to bayonet them...they could have just shot them “

Click for Mr. Borhan Muslim's war experience