CANADAThe relative balance between Canada’s five thematic priorities varies according to the needs of the recipient country and alignment with Canada’s value added.

In general, Canada’s support to hygiene promotion is integrated with drinking water and sanitation programs. For example, specific hygiene programs are being implemented in Ghana, Mali and Mozambique as well as being integrated in the WASH programs of the African Water Facility.

Canada supports climate change adaptation projects that include components related to WASH. Activities include: support to building and improving local infrastructure, such as rainwater collection and storage facilities, irrigation systems, and structures to prevent erosion; and water sector policy and governance.

Canada’s thematic priorities for international assistance are: increasing food security; securing the future of children and youth; stimulating sustainable economic growth; advancing democracy; and ensuring security and stability. Canada integrates three cross-cutting themes into all of Canada’s development assistance - environmental sustainability; equality between women and men; and governance.

Canada has selected 20 priority countries/regions for its development assistance. Sector priorities are then chosen to ensure alignment between partner country need (expressed through formal policies/strategies e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, and bilateral government – government dialogue and consultation) and thematic priorities.

Canada does not have a stand-alone WASH policy or strategy to guide overall WASH programming. However, WASH is integrated into three of DFATD Canada’s thematic priorities: children and youth (child health); sustainable economic growth (sustainable management of natural resources); and food security (improving nutrition). WASH is also integrated into Canada’s G-8 Muskoka initiative on improving maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH).

In 2012–2013, Canadian investments included WASH-focused programs as well as broader multi-sectoral programs in which WASH was an important component.

Specific TargetCanada does not have a specific WASH target.

AID POLICY FOR WASH/TARGETS ASPECTS OF WASH AID

Ghana – “Northern Region Small Towns Water and Sanitation (NORST)” project has broken ground in its use of government systems for funds transfers, financial tracking and auditing.

Mozambique – Canada’s support led the National Water Directorate to increase its monitoring of community “open defecation free” status from once to twice annually.

African Water Facility (AWF) – The priorities of the AWF’s 2012–2016 Strategic Plan were realigned to better i) mobilise financial resources; ii) enhance water governance; and iii) promote water knowledge. These new priorities were in response to the constraints identified by the African Ministers Council on Water to implementation of the African Water Vision.

EXAMPLES OF SUCCESS

WASH AID PRIORITIES: DISTRIBUTION OF AID COMMITMENTS (2010–2012)

least developed country

other low income

lower middle income

upper middle income

13%

3%

22%62%

by income group by mdg region

northern africa western asia

south-eastern asia

sub-saharan africa oceania

southern asia not applicable

latin america and caribbean caucasus and central asia

eastern asia developed countries

2%

<1%

4%

8%

<1%

12%

35%

<1%<1%

0%

note: an additional 37% of canadian sanitation and water oda is targeted to sector or multi-country programmes

Source: OECD-CRS, 2014

EXTERNAL S U P P O R T A G E N C Y H

IGH

LIG

HT

S

Source: OECD-CRS, 2014

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/glaas/en/

100

80

60

40

20

marie-france houle

deputy director, environment division

global issues and development branch (mfm)

foreign affairs, trade and development (dfatd)

gatineau, québec k1a 0g4

canadacontact

deta

ils email: mariefrance.houle@international.gc.ca

tel: +1 343 203 4806

Developed and coordinated by the Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health (WSH) Unit at the World Health Organization (WHO) in preparation for the Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) High-Level Meeting (HLM), April 2014.

Results contained in this ‘ESA Highlights’ have been compiled by the GLAAS External Support Agency (ESA) Focal Point and the GLAAS Team using data from the Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) Creditor Reporting System (CRS)1, estimates and text provided in the responses to the GLAAS 2013/2014 ESA survey, and interviews conducted with ESA representatives at World Water Week in Stockholm, September 2013.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.1 OECD-CRS (2014) online database available: http://stats.oecd.org/

FUTURE OUTLOOK

Canadian assistance will increasingly play an important role in fostering economic growth in the developing world and emerging economies. For Canada, the key to building prosperity in developing countries lies with broadening our partnerships, seeking innovation, and continuing to focus on aid effectiveness.

ACCOUNTABILITY

ReportingThe Government of Canada Statistical Report on International Assistance for 2011–2012 includes reports on the WASH portfolio.

Mutual Assessment ExercisesGhana – In 2012, Canada led the first phase of a joint comprehensive risk assessment of Ghana’s water and sanitation sector.

Mozambique – Canada participated in the annual Joint Review process in Mozambique.

FOCUS ON EQUITY

The bulk of Canada’s support for WASH is targeted to rural populations with a focus on poor women and children.

OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY

As an example, Canada monitors the African Water Facility (AWF) progress through regular reporting and participation with others donors on the Governing Council. The AWF takes appropriate actions to improve implementation and increase disbursement levels across its portfolio, by systematically addressing the various constraints affecting project disbursements.

commitment

disbursement

17

51

2010

48

2011

87

2012

82

Source: OECD-CRS, 2014

wash aid commitments and disbursements, constant 2011 (us$ million)

average commitment

average disbursement

Source: OECD-CRS, 2014

ten highest wash aid recipients, ranked by average commitments, 2010–2012 (us$ million)

|12

|0

|2

|4

|6

|8

|10

7.3

Ethiopia

South of Sahara, regional

South America, regional

North & Central America, regional

Ghana

Afghanistan

West Indies, regional

Uganda

Haiti

China

6.57.2

3.9

2.2

3.3

2.5

4.14.6

2.9

2.59.6

2.11.6

1.10.7

1.5

1.4

Canada provided $16.27 million in general budget support to Ghana, of which approximately 3% was allocated to water and sanitation. In 2012–2013, Tanzania received $10 million, of which approximately 6.6% was allocated to water and sanitation. Projects are typically between five and seven years in duration.

PREDICTABILITY

38%62%

drinking water

sanitation

3%

57%

11%

new services

repair/replacement

improve service levels

sector strenthening

4%

60%36%

basic systems

large systems

other

BASIC VS. LARGE SYSTEMS (2010–2012) NEW VS. EXISTING SERVICES (2012) WATER VS. SANITATION (2012)

Source: OECD-CRS, 2014 Source: 2014 GLAAS ESA Survey; Extrapolated from an analysis of five key programmes

Source: OECD-CRS, 2014

note:Only 30% of aid is disaggregated between sanitation and water

45

0

1.7

0.7

ALIGNMENT AND HARMONISATION

grant vs loan

100% Grants.(2010–2012)

use of country results frameworks

Ghana, Mali and Mozambique are examples of where DFATD programs use Country Results Frameworks.

use of country procurement systems

Some examples: In Ghana, between 60 to 100% of funding uses Country Procurement Systems and in Mozambique, 100% of funding uses national procurement systems. In Mali UNICEF procurement systems are used.

29%

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